- Brighton, UK
- Disability, Participatory Research, International Development, Health, Nutrition, Education, and 10 moreEye Health, Blindness and Visual Impairment, Development, Higher Education, Inclusive Education, Assistive Technology, Africa, South Asia, International Relations, and Human Rights(Eye Health, Blindness and Visual Impairment, Development, Higher Education, Inclusive Education, Assistive Technology, Africa, South Asia, International Relations, and Human Rights)edit
- Stephen Thompson is a social scientist who has worked in international development for over fifteen years. He is a Re... moreStephen Thompson is a social scientist who has worked in international development for over fifteen years. He is a Research Fellow in the Participation Inclusion, and Social Change research cluster at the Institute of Development Studies.
His current research mainly focuses on disability and inclusion. He works mainly on the Disability Inclusive Development and Inclusion Works programmes, which consider how people with disabilities in low income contexts can be included in various aspects of everyday life. He also has research interests in education (with a particular focus on inclusive education and tertiary education), nutrition and health. He is currently interested in participatory methodologies and sustainable development.
He has worked for both research institutes and non-government organisations in both Europe and Africa. He completed his doctorate at the Technological University Dublin in collaboration with University KwaZulu Natal, as an African Vision Research Institute Scholar, focusing on the social and economic impact of visual impairment in Mozambique.
He has completed a number of research consultancies in international development for various aid agencies including those belonging to the UK, Irish, Swiss, Australian, and Norwegian governments, as well as for the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the European Commission’s Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, and various non-government organisations. Stephen is an Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. He is a teaching assistant for the Ideas in Development Module at IDS. He has also lectured at the University of Brighton for the Global Social Policy module of the Social Science degree. He sits on the Editorial Steering Committee for the IDS Bulletin research journal. He is a Trustee for the non-government organisation Vision Aid Overseas.(Stephen Thompson is a social scientist who has worked in international development for over fifteen years. He is a Research Fellow in the Participation Inclusion, and Social Change research cluster at the Institute of Development Studies.<br /><br />His current research mainly focuses on disability and inclusion. He works mainly on the Disability Inclusive Development and Inclusion Works programmes, which consider how people with disabilities in low income contexts can be included in various aspects of everyday life. He also has research interests in education (with a particular focus on inclusive education and tertiary education), nutrition and health. He is currently interested in participatory methodologies and sustainable development.<br /><br />He has worked for both research institutes and non-government organisations in both Europe and Africa. He completed his doctorate at the Technological University Dublin in collaboration with University KwaZulu Natal, as an African Vision Research Institute Scholar, focusing on the social and economic impact of visual impairment in Mozambique.<br /><br />He has completed a number of research consultancies in international development for various aid agencies including those belonging to the UK, Irish, Swiss, Australian, and Norwegian governments, as well as for the World Health Organization, UNICEF, the European Commission’s Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, and various non-government organisations. Stephen is an Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. He is a teaching assistant for the Ideas in Development Module at IDS. He has also lectured at the University of Brighton for the Global Social Policy module of the Social Science degree. He sits on the Editorial Steering Committee for the IDS Bulletin research journal. He is a Trustee for the non-government organisation Vision Aid Overseas.)edit
Despite the existence of national and international laws and conventions to avoid discrimination in India, exclusion due to an intersection of disability, gender, and religious identity continues, resulting in marginalisation from... more
Despite the existence of national and international laws and conventions to avoid discrimination in India, exclusion due to an intersection of disability, gender, and religious identity continues, resulting in marginalisation from society. This article investigates the lived experiences of people by exploring how aspects of their identity intersect to influence their inclusion or exclusion within society. Narrative interviews were undertaken with 25 participants with disabilities in the states of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. This qualitative methodology was employed to allow the participants to recount their experiences (both positive and negative) in their own words. A thematic analysis of the data provided rich evidence of the complex social structure in India, manifested by the multifaceted intersectional nature of social inclusion and exclusion. Our research found that for our participants disability was the main factor upon which discrimination was based, but that this discrimination is often compounded for people with disabilities due to their minority religious status, or gender. Marginalisation of people with disabilities is shown to be exacerbated when these identities intersect. Action is needed to ensure the human rights of people with disabilities are realised and that discrimination and marginalisation are avoided for those who have different identities compared to the majority of the population.
Research Interests: Religion, Development Studies, Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, Narrative, and 13 moreReligion and Politics, Qualitative methodology, Community Development, Sustainable Development, Feminist Disability Studies, Intersectionality Theory, Qualitative Research, Narrative and Identity, Intersectionality and Social Inequality, Intersectionality, Disability, India, and Religious Studies
In many settings, people with disabilities face multiple and complex layers of environmental, societal and structural barriers. These barriers can lead to them being disproportionately harmed, neglected and excluded during humanitarian... more
In many settings, people with disabilities face multiple and complex layers of environmental, societal and structural barriers. These barriers can lead to them being disproportionately harmed, neglected and excluded during humanitarian and other emergency responses. This is especially evident in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nepal and other South and Southeast Asian nations. Limited awareness of the needs of people with disabilities, entrenched social stigma, and inaccessible infrastructure can exacerbate the challenges they face in emergency situations. In addition, there has been little preparation and planning to make disaster and emergency planning disability inclusive. This brief explores disability in the context of humanitarian and public health emergencies in South and Southeast Asia. Its focus is on Nepal, but the principles are universally relevant and can be adapted for any context. It is intended for stakeholders in government, civil society and the humanitarian sector. It aims to support stakeholders to better understand how structural inequities, alongside social and cultural norms and practices, exacerbate the marginalisation and exclusion of people with disabilities in emergencies. This brief presents examples of good practice for disability-responsive humanitarian and emergency planning and intervention. It also provides key considerations for actors aiming to support greater inclusion of people with disabilities in response.
Research Interests: Southeast Asian Studies, Social Sciences, Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, Disaster Studies, and 15 moreSouth Asian Studies, Disaster risk management, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Disability Theory, Disaster Management, Nepal, Emergency Management, Disability, Disasters, Disaster risk reduction, Emergencies and Disasters, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities(South Asian Studies, Disaster risk management, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Disability Theory, Disaster Management, Nepal, Emergency Management, Disability, Disasters, Disaster risk reduction, Emergencies and Disasters, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities)
(South Asian Studies, Disaster risk management, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Disability Theory, Disaster Management, Nepal, Emergency Management, Disability, Disasters, Disaster risk reduction, Emergencies and Disasters, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities)
Robert Chambers is one of the most influential and prolific scholars to write about participation, poverty, and knowledge in development studies. His books, chapters, and papers have revolutionised the discipline, inspiring both... more
Robert Chambers is one of the most influential and prolific scholars to write about participation, poverty, and knowledge in development studies. His books, chapters, and papers have revolutionised the discipline, inspiring both participatory processes and more inclusive practice. Perhaps not as well known are the articles he authored for the IDS Bulletin. This Archive Collection explores Robert’s contributions to the journal across five decades with a view to resurfacing buried gems of development studies theory and reinvigorating debates about how the sector can improve: it collates his most important articles and presents a new introduction reflecting on key ideas and offering a critical analysis of the common themes throughout Robert’s work. New perspectives discuss how theories have changed over time, and the continued relevance of key ideas. The articles reproduced here show not only how Robert’s thinking evolved but also hint at broader changes in strategic focus for the Institute of Development Studies itself, as well as development theory in general.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Participatory Research, Poverty, Community Engagement & Participation, Community Development, and 10 moreSustainable Development, Power System, Rural Development, Poverty Reduction Strategies, Rural Geography, Sustainable Rural Development, Poverty and Inequality, Poverty Studies, Poverty Alleviation, and Community participation and engagement
We edited an Archive Collection focusing on the articles contributed by Robert Chambers to the IDS Bulletin over the years, which explore various development dilemmas. In the spirit of participation, learning, and reflection (which have... more
We edited an Archive Collection focusing on the articles contributed by Robert Chambers to the IDS Bulletin over the years, which explore various development dilemmas. In the spirit of participation, learning, and reflection (which have been such prominent features of Robert’s scholarship), it felt only right to speak to Robert himself to hear his views on some of the enduring development challenges; therefore, in December 2022 we visited our colleague and our friend. This article details an extract from our conversation.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Globalization, Participatory Research, Participatory Design, Community Development, and 7 moreSustainable Development, Rural Development, Globalisation and Development, Cognitive Bias, Citizen participation, International Development Studies, and Community participation and engagement
This research investigates how COVID-19 has affected experiences of people with disabilities in low-and middle-income contexts. A qualitative approach was used to collect data as the pandemic progressed from 75 participants in Nigeria,... more
This research investigates how COVID-19 has affected experiences of people with disabilities in low-and middle-income contexts. A qualitative approach was used to collect data as the pandemic progressed from 75 participants in Nigeria, Bangladesh, Nepal, Kenya, and Uganda. The research aimed to be inclusive of people with disabilities by asking the participants directly about their perspectives with a narrative interview method being employed to gain each person's unique insights. A participatory thematic analysis of the data, followed by a spatial analysis process, produced rich and highly individualized accounts of the spatiocultural experiences relating to how people with disabilities had occupied both private and public space during the pandemic. Differing factors, such as the dominant culture, gender, a person's impairments, and the social environment, are shown to shape people's experiences. Across cultures, COVID-19 is shown to have presented new challenges for people with disabilities while preexisting disadvantages have been exacerbated.
Research Interests: Geography, Human Geography, Cultural Geography, Social Geography, Development Studies, and 15 moreDisability Studies, International Development, Uganda, Nepal, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Disability, Disability Rights, Geografia, Critical Development Studies, Development Studies and Public Policy, International Development Studies, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Background: People with disabilities are a large, disadvantaged minority, comprising approximately 12% of the population. The South African government has ratified international and regional disability treaties but deals with disability... more
Background: People with disabilities are a large, disadvantaged minority, comprising approximately 12% of the population. The South African government has ratified international and regional disability treaties but deals with disability rights within general anti-discrimination legislation. There are no specific frameworks to monitor justice for people with disabilities. The study aims to inform further development of disability inclusive mechanisms relating to crises including pandemics. Objectives: This study explored the perceptions of South Africans with disabilities, to understand their experiences during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focussing on socioeconomic, well-being and human rights aspects. Method: An online survey tool generated quantitative and qualitative data. Widespread publicity and broad recruitment were achieved through project partners networks. Participants responded via mobile phone and/or online platforms. Results: Nearly 2000 people responded, representing different genders, impairments, races, socioeconomic status, education and ages. Findings include: (1) negative economic and emotional impacts, (2) a lack of inclusive and accessible information, (3) reduced access to services, (4) uncertainty about government and non-government agencies' support and (5) exacerbation of pre-existing disadvantages. These findings echo international predictions of COVID-19 disproportionally impacting people with disabilities. Conclusion: The evidence reveals that people with disabilities in South Africa experienced many negative impacts of the pandemic. Strategies to control the virus largely ignored attending to human rights and socioeconomic well-being of this marginalised group. Contribution: The evidence will inform the development of the national monitoring framework, recognised by the South African Government and emphasised by the United Nations as necessary to ensure the realisation of the rights of people with disabilities during future crises including pandemics.
Research Interests:
Diverse approaches to promoting disability inclusive employment aim to transform workplaces into truly inclusive environments, usually with intervention strategies targeting two main groups: employers and jobseekers with disabilities.... more
Diverse approaches to promoting disability inclusive employment aim to transform workplaces into truly inclusive environments, usually with intervention strategies targeting two main groups: employers and jobseekers with disabilities. However, they do not always consider other relevant stakeholders or address the relationships and interactions between diverse actors in the wider social ecosystem. These approaches often neglect deeper ‘vexing’ difficulties which block progress towards disability inclusive work environments. Most interventions rightly embrace hegemonic ‘social models of disability’ and use human rights arguments but may neglect entrenched structural factors. Disability inclusive employment is complex, with unaddressed invisible aspects that continue to limit progress. We explore some key relevant disability concepts and then interrogate evidence from the ‘Inclusion Works’ programme working in four middle- and low-income countries, considering some intractable barriers underlying the slow movement towards inclusive employment. Finally, we propose that a more participatory action orientated approach involving disabled people and others is needed to both generate deeper understanding and provide pathways towards new solutions to obstinate problems through progressive action learning processes in context. Programmatic interventions that work across the levels of the ecosystem and address power relations and interactions between stakeholders could lead to more substantial forms of disability inclusive employment.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, Labour Law, Globalisation and Development, and 8 moreLabour Studies, Disability, Structural Violence, Labour markets, Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Globalisation of disability, International Development Studies, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities
People with disabilities are under-represented in the global workforce, and this problem is often particularly acute in the 'global south'. This special issue seeks to provide new perspectives on why this is the case and comprises seven... more
People with disabilities are under-represented in the global workforce, and this problem is often particularly acute in the 'global south'. This special issue seeks to provide new perspectives on why this is the case and comprises seven papers focused on disability inclusive employment. We deliberately wanted to place this collection in the Journal of International Development as a core development publication, rather than in a disability specific one, because we think it is important to 'mainstream' 1 disability within development so that the international community can develop an increased understanding and awareness of disability dilemmas. The challenges faced by disabled people need to be tackled as part of all development thinking and programming. The issue of employment and livelihoods for people with disabilities is gaining increased attention from funders, policymakers, scholars and practitioners, with funding expanding for interventions aiming to fix the complex problems constraining the opportunities for decent work for disabled people (Hanass-Hancock & Mitra, 2016; Steffens, 2021; Wickenden et al., 2020). Sadly, it exists pretty much universally across our planet in high-, middleand low-income settings. The problem is not just one of unequal access to work but also of inequalities experienced by people with disabilities when in work: When disabled people do work, they generally do so for longer hours and lower incomes, have fewer chances of promotion, and are at greater risk of becoming unemployed for longer periods. (Tripney et al., 2015, p. 11) The Sustainable Development Goals' (UN, 2015) call to 'leave no one behind' is particularly pertinent for people with disabilities, for whom being excluded has often been their regular experience to date. However, this is now beginning to change as recognition and funding for disability-focussed intervention programmes and research are rising up the international development agenda. This collection of papers covers a range of issues pertinent to the topic of disability inclusive employment from different practical and theoretical standpoints and focuses on a range of countries and contexts in the 'global south'. We invited contributions from a wide range of authors, intentionally encouraging those who had not previously written for academic journals, to submit, including NGO practitioners, representatives of organisations of people with disabilities (OPDs) and other allies and activists. Support during the writing process was available to those who needed it, and opportunities to be involved in reviewing other papers in the collection were also offered. Thus, these papers reflect an aspiration for different perspectives to be brought in various dilemmas and challenges to be highlighted regarding the progress towards achieving a disability inclusive society generally, and specifically towards people with disabilities having access to meaningful employment on an equal basis. At the same time, we cannot deny that such a special issue, put together by a team of nondisabled scholars based in northwestern Europe, and drawing directly and indirectly our established networks, remains, in John Gaventa's (2020: 118f) terminology, an 'invited space' shaped by hidden and invisible forms of power, offering selected entry points for influence and
Research Interests: Disability Studies, International Development, Critical Disability Studies, Sustainable Development (International Development), Social Inclusion, and 7 moreDiversity and Inclusion, International Development Cooperation, International Development Studies, UNCRPD, Reasonable Accommodation, Employment/Labour Law, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Higher education strategies focusing on either internationalization or community-university partnerships are often regarded as distinct from each other and dichotomous. The former usually are concerned with international knowledge, the... more
Higher education strategies focusing on either internationalization or community-university partnerships are often regarded as distinct from each other and dichotomous. The former usually are concerned with international knowledge, the latter, with local knowledge. This article presents a case study to argue that the two approaches can intersect, presenting an opportunity to improve the process of learning and teaching in higher education. As part of its strategy to internationalize, Lurio University, Mozambique, is part of a partnership through the Consortium of New Southern African Medical Schools (CONSAMS). Lurio University also has an established community engagement program, One Student One Family. Drawing on relevant literature, we argue that universities can benefit from viewing these strategies as interconnected and complementary approaches that bolster knowledge processes and advance learning. When both approaches are used to inform curricula and improve pedagogy, synergetic and much improved higher education systems can be achieved.
Research Interests: Teaching and Learning, Development Studies, Knowledge Management, Curriculum Design, Higher Education, and 9 morePaulo Freire, Indigenous Knowledge, Mozambique, Learning And Teaching In Higher Education, Higher Education Management, Curriculum and Instruction, Namibia, Critical University Studies, and University-Community Engagement
Persons with disabilities constitute one of the largest minorities in society and yet are often highly marginalised. In South Africa, between 12% and 20% of the population older than five years are estimated to have activity-limiting... more
Persons with disabilities constitute one of the largest minorities in society and yet are often highly marginalised. In South Africa, between 12% and 20% of the population older than five years are estimated to have activity-limiting impairments. People may have difficulties with mobility, vision, hearing, communication, cognitive and psychosocial functioning, or combinations of these at varying levels of severity. Such limitations become disabling when society fails to adapt the environment to accommodate people with impairments. South Africa began the COVID-19 vaccination roll-out in February 2021, focusing on frontline health workers, people older than 60 and, more recently, those older than 18. Despite some having increased health risks, persons with disabilities were not prioritised to receive the vaccine. An online survey of people self-identifying as having disabilities was distributed in July and August 2021 to explore various aspects of their experiences during the pandemic. Here we analyse the data from the 402 responses to understand respondents' attitudes to vaccination, their perceived vulnerability to the virus, their desire to be vaccinated, and perceptions about the availability of COVID-19 vaccinations for them. Quantitative data and some qualitative commentary from the survey are presented and discussed.
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, Vaccines, Public Health, Public Health Systems & Services Research, and 8 moreDisability, South Africa, Public health systems and services research, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, UN CRPD, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC
This article explores COVID-19 related experiences of disabled people in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, Nepal and Uganda. Narrative interviews generated storied responses, focussing on respondents' priorities, which enabled us to hear what... more
This article explores COVID-19 related experiences of disabled people in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, Nepal and Uganda. Narrative interviews generated storied responses, focussing on respondents' priorities, which enabled us to hear what was most significant for them and their families. 143 interviews were conducted online or by phone by 7 local researchers (3 disabled), with appropriate inclusive support. Nearly everyone was interviewed twice to capture the progression of impacts over time. The data was analysed thematically through a virtual participatory approach.
An overarching 'subjective' theme of feelings experienced by the participants was labelled 'destabilisation, disorientation and uncertainty'. We also identified 'concrete' or material impacts. People experienced various dilemmas such as choosing between securing food and keeping safe, and tensions between receiving support and feeling increased vulnerability or dependence, with interplay between the emotions of fear, loss and hope. We found both the concept of liminality and grief models productive in understanding the progression of participants' experiences. Disabled people reported the same feelings, difficulties and impacts as others, reported in other literature, but often their pre-existing disadvantages have been exacerbated by the pandemic, including poverty, gender and impairment related stresses and discrimination, inaccessible services or relief, and exclusion from government initiatives.
An overarching 'subjective' theme of feelings experienced by the participants was labelled 'destabilisation, disorientation and uncertainty'. We also identified 'concrete' or material impacts. People experienced various dilemmas such as choosing between securing food and keeping safe, and tensions between receiving support and feeling increased vulnerability or dependence, with interplay between the emotions of fear, loss and hope. We found both the concept of liminality and grief models productive in understanding the progression of participants' experiences. Disabled people reported the same feelings, difficulties and impacts as others, reported in other literature, but often their pre-existing disadvantages have been exacerbated by the pandemic, including poverty, gender and impairment related stresses and discrimination, inaccessible services or relief, and exclusion from government initiatives.
Research Interests: Participatory Research, Disability Studies, Qualitative methodology, Narrative and interpretation, Uganda, and 12 moreQualitative Research, Nepal, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Qualitative Research Methods, Disability, Impairment, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, Pandemic Coronavirus COVID19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC
In recent times there has been sustained momentum to address inequalities within university faculties and improve the diversity of students. Also, in response to historical and current social injustices, universities have sought to... more
In recent times there has been sustained momentum to address inequalities within university faculties and improve the diversity of students. Also, in response to historical and current social injustices, universities have sought to decolonize curricula. These progressive movements have had particular significance for departments focused on development studies and related subjects because the need to be inclusive is not only the right thing to do from a moral position, but also because to be exclusive is fundamentally challenging to the conceptualization and philosophy of the discipline. Development is a contested term but addressing inequality and working towards social justice are common themes found across most definitions. This commentary provides a critical insight into the importance of inclusive universities as gatekeepers to equitable knowledge production and the development of future professionals. To play their part in addressing the challenges posed by a globalized world, universities need to be proactive in ensuring that they become fully and meaningfully inclusive. While all university departments would benefit from becoming more inclusive, departments focused on development must be the pioneers leading the way, as inclusivity is relevant to the delivery of development studies, as well as emerging as an important discourse within the discipline that continues to evolve. This commentary will explore how and why in an increasingly interconnected global society, the need for universities to leave no one behind, and challenge hegemonic and unequal structures has never been greater. Keywords decolonization; development studies; inclusion; universities Issue This commentary is part of the issue "Inclusive Universities in a Globalized World" edited by Liudvika Leišytė (TU Dortmund, Germany), Rosemary Deem (Royal Holloway, UK) and Charikleia Tzanakou (Oxford Brookes University, UK).
Research Interests: Development Studies, International Development, Higher Education, Race and Racism, Marginalized Identities, and 9 moreLearning And Teaching In Higher Education, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, Higher Education Studies, Internationalization of higher education, University, International Aid and Development, Marginalization, Tertiary Education, and Nationalism and Decolonization
Purpose: Uncorrected refractive error remains a leading cause of visual impairment (VI) across the globe with Mozambique being no exception. The establishment of an optometry profession in Mozambique that is integrated into the public... more
Purpose: Uncorrected refractive error remains a leading cause of visual impairment (VI) across the globe with Mozambique being no exception. The establishment of an optometry profession in Mozambique that is integrated into the public health system denotes significant progress with refractive services becoming available to the population. As the foundations of a comprehensive refractive service have now been established, this article seeks to understand what barriers may limit their uptake by the general population and inform decision making on improved service delivery.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study using two-stage cluster sampling was conducted. Participants with VI were asked to identify barriers that were reflective of their experiences and perceptions of accessing refractive services. A total of 4601 participants were enumerated from 76 clusters in Nampula, Mozambique.
Results: A total of 1087 visually impaired participants were identified (884 with near and 203 with distance impairment). Cost was the most frequently cited barrier, identified by more than one in every two participants (53%). Other barriers identified included lack of felt need (20%), distance to travel (15%), and lack of awareness (13%). In general, no significant influence of sex or type of VI on barrier selection was found. Location had a significant impact on the selection of several barriers. Pearson χ2 analysis indicated that participants from rural areas were found to feel disadvantaged regarding the distance to services (p ≤ 0.001) and adequacy of hospital services (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: For a comprehensive public sector refractive service to be successful in Mozambique, those planning its implementation must consider cost and affordability. A clear strategy for overcoming lack of felt need will also be needed, possibly in the form of improved advocacy and health promotion. The delivery of refractive services in more remote rural areas merits careful and comprehensive consideration.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study using two-stage cluster sampling was conducted. Participants with VI were asked to identify barriers that were reflective of their experiences and perceptions of accessing refractive services. A total of 4601 participants were enumerated from 76 clusters in Nampula, Mozambique.
Results: A total of 1087 visually impaired participants were identified (884 with near and 203 with distance impairment). Cost was the most frequently cited barrier, identified by more than one in every two participants (53%). Other barriers identified included lack of felt need (20%), distance to travel (15%), and lack of awareness (13%). In general, no significant influence of sex or type of VI on barrier selection was found. Location had a significant impact on the selection of several barriers. Pearson χ2 analysis indicated that participants from rural areas were found to feel disadvantaged regarding the distance to services (p ≤ 0.001) and adequacy of hospital services (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: For a comprehensive public sector refractive service to be successful in Mozambique, those planning its implementation must consider cost and affordability. A clear strategy for overcoming lack of felt need will also be needed, possibly in the form of improved advocacy and health promotion. The delivery of refractive services in more remote rural areas merits careful and comprehensive consideration.
Research Interests: Optometry, Vision Science, Disability Studies, Poverty, Stigma, and 15 moreAfrica, Illness-related stigma, Mozambique, Public Health, Refractive Error, Human Resources for Health, Low vision, Barriers, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Eye Health, School Eye Health, Optometría, and Uncorrected vision
Background The economic burden of uncorrected refractive error (URE) is thought to be high in Mozambique, largely as a consequence of the lack of resources and systems to tackle this largely avoidable problem. The Mozambique Eyecare... more
Background
The economic burden of uncorrected refractive error (URE) is thought to be high in Mozambique, largely as a consequence of the lack of resources and systems to tackle this largely avoidable problem. The Mozambique Eyecare Project (MEP) has established the first optometry training and human resource deployment initiative to address the burden of URE in Lusophone Africa. The nature of the MEP programme provides the opportunity to determine, using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), whether investing in the establishment and delivery of a comprehensive system for optometry human resource development and public sector deployment is economically justifiable for Lusophone Africa.
Methods
A CBA methodology was applied across the period 2009–2049. Costs associated with establishing and operating a school of optometry, and a programme to address uncorrected refractive error, were included. Benefits were calculated using a human capital approach to valuing sight. Disability weightings from the Global Burden of Disease study were applied. Costs were subtracted from benefits to provide the net societal benefit, which was discounted to provide the net present value using a 3% discount rate.
Results
Using the most recently published disability weightings, the potential exists, through the correction of URE in 24.3 million potentially economically productive persons, to achieve a net present value societal benefit of up to $1.1 billion by 2049, at a Benefit-Cost ratio of 14:1. When CBA assumptions are varied as part of the sensitivity analysis, the results suggest the societal benefit could lie in the range of $649 million to $9.6 billion by 2049.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that a programme designed to address the burden of refractive error in Mozambique is economically justifiable in terms of the increased productivity that would result due to its implementation.
The economic burden of uncorrected refractive error (URE) is thought to be high in Mozambique, largely as a consequence of the lack of resources and systems to tackle this largely avoidable problem. The Mozambique Eyecare Project (MEP) has established the first optometry training and human resource deployment initiative to address the burden of URE in Lusophone Africa. The nature of the MEP programme provides the opportunity to determine, using Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), whether investing in the establishment and delivery of a comprehensive system for optometry human resource development and public sector deployment is economically justifiable for Lusophone Africa.
Methods
A CBA methodology was applied across the period 2009–2049. Costs associated with establishing and operating a school of optometry, and a programme to address uncorrected refractive error, were included. Benefits were calculated using a human capital approach to valuing sight. Disability weightings from the Global Burden of Disease study were applied. Costs were subtracted from benefits to provide the net societal benefit, which was discounted to provide the net present value using a 3% discount rate.
Results
Using the most recently published disability weightings, the potential exists, through the correction of URE in 24.3 million potentially economically productive persons, to achieve a net present value societal benefit of up to $1.1 billion by 2049, at a Benefit-Cost ratio of 14:1. When CBA assumptions are varied as part of the sensitivity analysis, the results suggest the societal benefit could lie in the range of $649 million to $9.6 billion by 2049.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that a programme designed to address the burden of refractive error in Mozambique is economically justifiable in terms of the increased productivity that would result due to its implementation.
Research Interests: Optometry, History of Blindness/Visual Impairment, Blindness, Public Health Policy, Mozambique, and 15 moreHuman Capital, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Systems, Refractive Error, Human Resources for Health, Low vision, Human Capital Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Productivity of Human Resources for Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Lusophone Africa, Human resources for health : challenges and policy issues, Optometría, and Health Care Systems(Human Capital, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Systems, Refractive Error, Human Resources for Health, Low vision, Human Capital Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Productivity of Human Resources for Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Lusophone Africa, Human resources for health : challenges and policy issues, Optometría, and Health Care Systems)
(Human Capital, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Systems, Refractive Error, Human Resources for Health, Low vision, Human Capital Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Productivity of Human Resources for Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Lusophone Africa, Human resources for health : challenges and policy issues, Optometría, and Health Care Systems)
The burden of vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error (needing spectacles) in Mozambique is known to be significant. To improve the planning and provision of eye health services, a better understanding of how vision is... more
The burden of vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error (needing spectacles) in Mozambique is known to be significant. To improve the planning and provision of eye health services, a better understanding of how vision is valued by patients is needed. The willingness to pay (WTP) for improved vision through correcting refractive error was investigated in Nampula, Mozambique, using stated choice and bidding game methodologies. The mean WTP values were found to be 388.92 Meticals (US$13) for stated choice and 469.89 Meticals (US$16) for the bidding game. The mean WTP values for rural dwellers were found to be lower than responses from those living in urban areas. If avoidable vision impairment is to be addressed in Mozambique, the cost of services must not be a barrier and the construction of a sustainable spectacle system that delivers for both rural and urban patients must be a priority.
Research Interests: Optometry, Development Economics, Development Studies, International Development, Africa, and 13 moreAssistive Technology, Mozambique, Rural Urban Relations, Glasses, Vision Impairment and blindness, Community Eye Health, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Willingness to Pay, Eastern & Southern Africa, Barriers to Health Care Access In Rural Ares, public eye health, and Eye Health Systems
Rapid Assessment of Refractive Error, Presbyopia, and Visual Impairment and Associated Quality of Life in Nampula, Mozambique James Loughman, Technological University DublinFollow Lindelwa Nxele, Brian Holden Vision Institute, Durban,... more
Rapid Assessment of Refractive Error, Presbyopia, and Visual Impairment and Associated Quality of Life in Nampula, Mozambique
James Loughman, Technological University DublinFollow
Lindelwa Nxele, Brian Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South AfricaFollow
Cesar Faria, Lúrio University, Nampula, MozambiqueFollow
Stephen Thompson, Technological University DublinFollow
Prasidh Ramson, Brian Holden Vision Institute, Durban, SouthFollow
Farai Chinanyi, Brian Holden Vision Instiute, Durban, South AfricaFollow
Kovin S. Naidoo, Brian Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South AftricFollow
Document Type
Article
Rights
This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only
Disciplines
1.7 OTHER NATURAL SCIENCES
Abstract
Introduction: Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and leads to an impaired quality of life. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia, to assess spectacle coverage, and to evaluate visual health-related quality of life among persons aged 15–50 years old in Nampula, Mozambique.
Methods: Participants were assessed using a validated rapid assessment of refractive error protocol, comprised of a demographic questionnaire, a standardized ophthalmic assessment to determine refractive status and spectacle coverage, and a modified vision-related quality of life questionnaire to assess the impact of uncorrected refractive error on participants’ visual health status.
Results: Among the 3,453 respondents, visual impairment prevalence was 3.5% (95%, CI 2.7%–4.2%), with 65.8% of those visually impaired being 35 years of age and older. Uncorrected refractive error prevalence was 2.6% (95%, CI 2.1–3.2%), and was the primary cause of visual impairment among 64.5% of cases. The spectacle coverage for uncorrected refractive error was 0%. Presbyopia prevalence was higher, at 25.8% (95%, CI 12.0–30.5%), with only 2.2% spectacle coverage. Respondents with visual impairment demonstrated statistically significantly lower quality of life scores compared to those without visual problems (p < 0.01).
Implications for practitioners: The uncorrected refractive error problem and a distinct lack of spectacle coverage for refractive error and presbyopia indicate an urgent need for the development and delivery of a comprehensive refractive error service in the Nampula region of Mozambique.
James Loughman, Technological University DublinFollow
Lindelwa Nxele, Brian Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South AfricaFollow
Cesar Faria, Lúrio University, Nampula, MozambiqueFollow
Stephen Thompson, Technological University DublinFollow
Prasidh Ramson, Brian Holden Vision Institute, Durban, SouthFollow
Farai Chinanyi, Brian Holden Vision Instiute, Durban, South AfricaFollow
Kovin S. Naidoo, Brian Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South AftricFollow
Document Type
Article
Rights
This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only
Disciplines
1.7 OTHER NATURAL SCIENCES
Abstract
Introduction: Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and leads to an impaired quality of life. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia, to assess spectacle coverage, and to evaluate visual health-related quality of life among persons aged 15–50 years old in Nampula, Mozambique.
Methods: Participants were assessed using a validated rapid assessment of refractive error protocol, comprised of a demographic questionnaire, a standardized ophthalmic assessment to determine refractive status and spectacle coverage, and a modified vision-related quality of life questionnaire to assess the impact of uncorrected refractive error on participants’ visual health status.
Results: Among the 3,453 respondents, visual impairment prevalence was 3.5% (95%, CI 2.7%–4.2%), with 65.8% of those visually impaired being 35 years of age and older. Uncorrected refractive error prevalence was 2.6% (95%, CI 2.1–3.2%), and was the primary cause of visual impairment among 64.5% of cases. The spectacle coverage for uncorrected refractive error was 0%. Presbyopia prevalence was higher, at 25.8% (95%, CI 12.0–30.5%), with only 2.2% spectacle coverage. Respondents with visual impairment demonstrated statistically significantly lower quality of life scores compared to those without visual problems (p < 0.01).
Implications for practitioners: The uncorrected refractive error problem and a distinct lack of spectacle coverage for refractive error and presbyopia indicate an urgent need for the development and delivery of a comprehensive refractive error service in the Nampula region of Mozambique.
Research Interests:
Volunteering for development is a long-standing form of development assistance. Vision Aid Overseas is an international NGO that works to enable people living in poverty to access affordable spectacles and eye care. Volunteering has been... more
Volunteering for development is a long-standing form of development assistance. Vision Aid Overseas is an international NGO that works to enable people living in poverty to access affordable spectacles and eye care. Volunteering has been at the core of its interventions since its formation in 1985. In 2019 the organisation undertook a comprehensive review of its approach. A literature review and stakeholder consultation on volunteering for development were undertaken. A number of best practice recommendations were made, which were accepted by the Board of Trustees and have been used to inform a new volunteering strategy for the organisation.
Research Interests: Development Studies, International Development, Mentoring, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Post-Colonialism, and 14 moreVoluntary Health Sector, Optometry education, Public Health Optometry, Volunteering, International Aid and Development, International Aid, Community health volunteers knowledge retention, Optometry and Vision Science, International Volunteering, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Local Knowledge, International Volunteers, Community health volunteers, and Health Volunteers(Voluntary Health Sector, Optometry education, Public Health Optometry, Volunteering, International Aid and Development, International Aid, Community health volunteers knowledge retention, Optometry and Vision Science, International Volunteering, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Local Knowledge, International Volunteers, Community health volunteers, and Health Volunteers)
(Voluntary Health Sector, Optometry education, Public Health Optometry, Volunteering, International Aid and Development, International Aid, Community health volunteers knowledge retention, Optometry and Vision Science, International Volunteering, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Local Knowledge, International Volunteers, Community health volunteers, and Health Volunteers)
Introduction Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and leads to an impaired quality of life. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia, to... more
Introduction
Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and leads to an impaired quality of life. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia, to assess spectacle coverage, and to evaluate visual health-related quality of life among persons aged 15–50 years old in Nampula, Mozambique.
Methods
Participants were assessed using a validated rapid assessment of refractive error protocol, comprised of a demographic questionnaire, a standardized ophthalmic assessment to determine refractive status and spectacle coverage, and a modified vision-related quality of life questionnaire to assess the impact of uncorrected refractive error on participants’ visual health status.
Results
Among the 3,453 respondents, visual impairment prevalence was 3.5%
Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and leads to an impaired quality of life. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia, to assess spectacle coverage, and to evaluate visual health-related quality of life among persons aged 15–50 years old in Nampula, Mozambique.
Methods
Participants were assessed using a validated rapid assessment of refractive error protocol, comprised of a demographic questionnaire, a standardized ophthalmic assessment to determine refractive status and spectacle coverage, and a modified vision-related quality of life questionnaire to assess the impact of uncorrected refractive error on participants’ visual health status.
Results
Among the 3,453 respondents, visual impairment prevalence was 3.5%
Research Interests: Optometry, Development Studies, International Development, Africa, Blindness, and 15 moreQuality of life, Mozambique, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Refractive Error, Public Health Optometry, Glasses, International Aid and Development, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Prevalence, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Refractive Errors, Eastern & Southern Africa, and Presbyopia(Quality of life, Mozambique, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Refractive Error, Public Health Optometry, Glasses, International Aid and Development, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Prevalence, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Refractive Errors, Eastern & Southern Africa, and Presbyopia)
(Quality of life, Mozambique, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Refractive Error, Public Health Optometry, Glasses, International Aid and Development, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Prevalence, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Refractive Errors, Eastern & Southern Africa, and Presbyopia)
This working paper explores the main ethical challenges, and corresponding mitigation strategies, in relation to involving children with disabilities in evidence generation. Children with disabilities are defined as individuals under 18... more
This working paper explores the main ethical challenges, and corresponding mitigation strategies, in relation to involving children with disabilities in evidence generation. Children with disabilities are defined as individuals under 18 years of age who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments that, in conjunction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others. Evidence generation activities are defined as research, evaluation, data collection and analysis.
The purpose of this paper is to equip the reader with an understanding of some of the key ethical issues, as articulated in the literature, involved in engaging children with disabilities in evidence generation activities. A rapid review of the relevant literature was undertaken, and sources identified through an online search and consultation with experts. In total, 57 papers were deemed relevant and were included in the review. There was a paucity of evidence focusing specifically on the ethical challenges of involving children with disabilities in evidence generation. The evidence that did exist in this area was found to focus disproportionately on high-income countries (HICs), with low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) markedly under-represented.
The purpose of this paper is to equip the reader with an understanding of some of the key ethical issues, as articulated in the literature, involved in engaging children with disabilities in evidence generation activities. A rapid review of the relevant literature was undertaken, and sources identified through an online search and consultation with experts. In total, 57 papers were deemed relevant and were included in the review. There was a paucity of evidence focusing specifically on the ethical challenges of involving children with disabilities in evidence generation. The evidence that did exist in this area was found to focus disproportionately on high-income countries (HICs), with low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) markedly under-represented.
Research Interests: Ethics, Disability Studies, Research Ethics, International Development, Ethics & Social Sustainability, and 13 moreParticipation, Safeguarding, Literature Review, Research with Children, Children, Children with disabilities, UNICEF, Safeguarding, Child Protection, Child Health and Development, International Aid and Development, International Development Studies, Research with children and young people, CRPD, and UN CRPD(Participation, Safeguarding, Literature Review, Research with Children, Children, Children with disabilities, UNICEF, Safeguarding, Child Protection, Child Health and Development, International Aid and Development, International Development Studies, Research with children and young people, CRPD, and UN CRPD)
(Participation, Safeguarding, Literature Review, Research with Children, Children, Children with disabilities, UNICEF, Safeguarding, Child Protection, Child Health and Development, International Aid and Development, International Development Studies, Research with children and young people, CRPD, and UN CRPD)
Growing food at home is a concept as old as agriculture, and settled populations have since antiquity cultivated gardens and raised animals to supplement staple crop production and provide food security and a more varied diet. Thus,... more
Growing food at home is a concept as old as agriculture, and settled populations have since antiquity cultivated gardens and raised animals to supplement staple crop production and provide food security and a more varied diet. Thus, homestead food production was not introduced by modern development endeavours, but for the last several decades development organizations have increasingly embraced it as a potentially sustainable and scalable intervention to improve livelihoods, food security and nutrition. This chapter situates homestead food production within the range of agri-food options and as one route between agriculture and improved nutrition; appraises current evidence on the utility of homestead gardens to improve nutrition; and discusses practices for development agencies seeking to promote homestead food production programs. Taken together, the evidence and programming reviewed here suggests that homestead food production is an important piece of improving food environments in certain contexts, particularly where programs are thoroughly tailored for agro-ecological, social and economic contexts; where there is sufficient time and implementation quality to achieve program objectives; and where there is convergence of other health and development programs if more complex outcomes are desired.
Research Interests:
Globally, disabled people are disproportionately excluded from the workforce. For the general population, it is recognised that having a job is closely linked to better health, wellbeing, self-esteem and to social inclusion. Disabled... more
Globally, disabled people are disproportionately excluded from the workforce. For the general population, it is recognised that having a job is closely linked to better health, wellbeing, self-esteem and to social inclusion. Disabled people are known to be disadvantaged in all these arenas and being employed may be a powerful route out of exclusion. The Inclusion Works programme (2018–2022), funded by the UK Department for International Development, aims to improve employment rates for people with disabilities in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda. This Working Paper provides an overview of disability as a concept and relevant global treaties and statistics, including evidence of trends and complexities in promoting disability inclusive employment broadly and with some focus on formal employment specifically. We describe the current situation in each of the four focus countries, demonstrating the similarities and differences between them. We then discuss some promising interventions that have been tried, usually on a small scale, in diverse settings, and which may be applicable in our four focus countries. Finally, we present the potential interventions that will be trialled in the Inclusion Works programme, using an innovation-driven, adaptive management approach.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Employability, Deaf studies, Disability Studies, International Development, and 15 moreEmployment Relations, Blindness, Uganda, Disability Theory, Disabled people movement, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Intellectual Disability, Employment, Learning Disabilities, Physical disability, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, and CRPD
It is 25 years since the Salamanca Statement called on the international community to endorse the approach of inclusive education, including at the tertiary level. The past quarter century has witnessed the global massification of... more
It is 25 years since the Salamanca Statement called on the international community to endorse the approach of inclusive education, including at the tertiary level. The past quarter century has witnessed the global massification of postsecondary education, yet this explosion of facilities and enrollment has largely entrenched and exacerbated the exclusion of people with disabilities from the sector. Higher education systems must become disability-inclusive in order to meet international obligations and global frameworks.
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Blindness, Discipline of Students with Disabilities, Deaf Education, Inclusive Education, and 15 moreIntellectual Disability, Learning Disabilities, Inclusive Education (including higher education), Students, Teaching Students with Autism, Transition to Higher Education for Students with Disabilities, Education Systems, Physical disability, Salamanca, Tertiary Education, Blind students, Deaf Students, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, Disabled Students, and physically disabled students(Intellectual Disability, Learning Disabilities, Inclusive Education (including higher education), Students, Teaching Students with Autism, Transition to Higher Education for Students with Disabilities, Education Systems, Physical disability, Salamanca, Tertiary Education, Blind students, Deaf Students, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, Disabled Students, and physically disabled students)
(Intellectual Disability, Learning Disabilities, Inclusive Education (including higher education), Students, Teaching Students with Autism, Transition to Higher Education for Students with Disabilities, Education Systems, Physical disability, Salamanca, Tertiary Education, Blind students, Deaf Students, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, Disabled Students, and physically disabled students)
According to the WHO about 831 million people are visually impaired worldwide, 45 million of them are blind. Most people with visual impairment are older, and females are more at risk at every age, in every part of the world. Uncorrected... more
According to the WHO about 831 million people are visually impaired worldwide, 45 million of them are blind. Most people with visual impairment are older, and females are more at risk at every age, in every part of the world. Uncorrected Refractive Error accounts for over half of all visual impairment. About 87% of the worlds visually impaired live in developing countries. The Mozambique Eyecare Programme (MEP) is a cross institutional collaboration between governments, higher education institutions, non-governmental organisations and corporations. The aims of this Programme are to collaborate to provide a sustainable solution to the problem of avoidable blindness in developing nations, by addressing the significant barrier of local human resource capacity development, through optometric education, research capacity strengthening and the enhancement of specialist knowledge for future collaborations. The …
Research Interests: Optometry, Development Studies, Higher Education, Sustainable Development, Africa, and 12 moreBlindness, Mozambique, Foreign Aid, Partnership, Public Health Optometry, International Aid and Development, Community Eye Health, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Who(world Health Organizations), and potentially avoidable hospitalisations
The Mozambique Eyecare Project was an international partnership to implement and research eye health education in Mozambique and the Africa region. An optometry degree was developed at Universidade Lúrio, Mozambique. In addition, existing... more
The Mozambique Eyecare Project was an international partnership to implement and research eye health education in Mozambique and the Africa region. An optometry degree was developed at Universidade Lúrio, Mozambique. In addition, existing eye health workers were upskilled with training. Researchers from various disciplines evaluated the project and its potential for impact on eye health in the region. The body of evidence generated from the research provides useful lessons for development programmes in general, as well as specific lessons for delivering eye health education and service delivery models for low-income settings.
Research Interests: Health Professional Education, Vision Science, Training and Development, Africa, Blindness, and 15 moreHealth Education, Mozambique, Research, MSc and Phd Researcher, PhD Thesis, Vision, Partnership, University, Vision Impairment and blindness, Community Eye Health, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Degree in public health, and Eastern & Southern Africa
This report describes participatory research undertaken in 2023 as part of the UK-aid funded Disability Inclusive Development programme. Under this programme, Task Order 27 developed a model of disability-inclusive education in selected... more
This report describes participatory research undertaken in 2023 as part of the UK-aid funded Disability Inclusive Development programme. Under this programme, Task Order 27 developed a model of disability-inclusive education in selected schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria and the authors of this report worked on the development of a tool to measure how children with disabilities (and their parents) perceive their inclusion in school and society, as well as their wellbeing. This report covers Phase 2 of the research, when the team re-visited the schools to repeat the piloting of the revised checklists to (1) explore whether the revisions to the checklists (designed in Phase 1) improved their useability for a range of respondents and made the data they produced more specific and useful, and (2) to learn whether the schools and the communities (where the SMILE project had been doing a variety of interventions to promote inclusion), were now perceived by the children and their parents to be more inclusive and supportive of their wellbeing. This report shares the findings, describes how the revised versions worked and what they told us about the children’s and parents’ experiences. Finally, some suggestions are made about how these tools could be developed and rolled out further.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Participatory Research, Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, School and student wellbeing, and 11 moreParticipatory Design, Inclusive Design, Sustainable Development, Inclusive Education, Nigeria, Wellbeing, Special Education Needs and Inclusive Practice, Social and Emotional Wellbeing, Special and inclusive education, Community participation and engagement, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities(Participatory Design, Inclusive Design, Sustainable Development, Inclusive Education, Nigeria, Wellbeing, Special Education Needs and Inclusive Practice, Social and Emotional Wellbeing, Special and inclusive education, Community participation and engagement, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities)
(Participatory Design, Inclusive Design, Sustainable Development, Inclusive Education, Nigeria, Wellbeing, Special Education Needs and Inclusive Practice, Social and Emotional Wellbeing, Special and inclusive education, Community participation and engagement, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities)
During the early months of the global pandemic the international Disability Rights Monitor group survey illustrated the circumstances of persons with disabilities around the world. Gradually literature on the situation for persons with... more
During the early months of the global pandemic the international Disability Rights Monitor group survey illustrated the circumstances of persons with disabilities around the world. Gradually literature on the situation for persons with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa started to emerge. As members of an informal network looking at issues affecting this group, some of the authors of this report realised that much of the research done was not specifically focusing on their perceptions during the pandemic and that it was not using the WG-SS questions. Having noticed a gap in the type of data being collected by other scholars and the media, this small informal network identified a need for a survey that would look at both experiences and perceptions of persons with disabilities focussing on lived experiences of socioeconomic impacts and access to human rights during the pandemic in South Africa. This report summarises some of the key findings of the study, which was conducted on-line using Google Forms from the 1 July to 31 August 2021. All percentages displayed are rounded to the nearest percent and this may affect what is displayed in charts. While we cite some literature in this report, a separate literature review was written by the team, and was used to guide the research and focus the questions.
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, Disaster risk management, South African Politics and Society, Southern Africa, and 9 moreDisaster Management, Disability, Disability Rights, South Africa, Crisis/disaster Management, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, Pandemic Coronavirus COVID19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The COVID-19 pandemic is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionately affected by the health,... more
The COVID-19 pandemic is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionately affected by the health, economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the responses to it. The aim of this research was to explore how people with disabilities, who often are excluded from research, have experienced the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. In order to better understand how it has affected jobseekers with disabilities, in-depth qualitative research was conducted as part of the Inclusion Works programme in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
This qualitative study was undertaken as part of the work of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) funded Inclusion Works programme which aims to improve inclusive employment for people with disabilities in four... more
This qualitative study was undertaken as part of the work of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) funded Inclusion Works programme which aims to improve inclusive employment for people with disabilities in four countries: Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria, Bangladesh. When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged early in 2020 the work of this consortium programme was adapted to focus on pandemic relief and research activities, while some other planned work was not possible. The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) led a piece of qualitative research to explore the experiences and perceptions of the pandemic and related lockdowns in each country, using a narrative interview approach, which asks people to tell their stories, following up with some further questions once they have identified their priorities to talk about. 10 people with disabilities who were involved in Inclusion Works in each country were purposively selected to take part, each being invited to have two interviews with an interval of one or two months in between, in order to capture changes in their situation over time. The 10 interviewees had a range of impairments, were gender balanced and were various ages, as well as having differing living and working situations.
Research Interests: Participatory Research, Disability Studies, International Development, Critical Disability Studies, Qualitative methodology, and 14 moreDisability Theory, Qualitative Research, Nigeria, Disability, Disability Rights, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UNCRPD, Disability Rights Advocacy, CRPD, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, Economic effects of COVID-19 , and COVID-19 lockdown
The COVID-19 pandemic is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health,... more
The COVID-19 pandemic is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health, economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the responses to it. The aim of this research was to explore how people with disabilities, who often are excluded from research, have experienced the evolving COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. To better understand how it has affected jobseekers with disabilities, in-depth qualitative research was conducted in Kenya as part of the Inclusion Works programme.
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, Disability policy, Disability Theory, Kenya, and 13 moreDisability, Disability Rights, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, CRPD, Impairment, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, UN CRPD, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, Pandemic Coronavirus COVID19, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, Economic effects of COVID-19 , and COVID-19 lockdown
This piece of qualitative research explores the experiences and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns of people with disabilities in Uganda. It used a narrative interview approach, which asks people to tell their... more
This piece of qualitative research explores the experiences and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns of people with disabilities in Uganda. It used a narrative interview approach, which asks people to tell their stories, following up with some further questions once they have identified their priorities to talk about. A very flexible ‘teller-focused’ methodology allowed us to hear the real concerns of the participants and to probe for in-depth examples of their experiences and perceptions. This method can provide valuable insights which contrast with and complement quantitative and researcher set agendas of inquiry.
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Human Rights, Disability policy, Uganda, Disability Theory, and 15 moreDisability, Disability Rights, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, CRPD, UN CRPD, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, Coronavirus (COVID-19), Pandemic Coronavirus COVID19, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, Economic effects of COVID-19 , PANDEMIA Covid 19, lockdown, COVID-19 lockdown, and Lockdown Regulations(Disability, Disability Rights, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, CRPD, UN CRPD, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, Coronavirus (COVID-19), Pandemic Coronavirus COVID19, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, Economic effects of COVID-19 , PANDEMIA Covid 19, lockdown, COVID-19 lockdown, and Lockdown Regulations)
(Disability, Disability Rights, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, CRPD, UN CRPD, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, Coronavirus (COVID-19), Pandemic Coronavirus COVID19, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, Economic effects of COVID-19 , PANDEMIA Covid 19, lockdown, COVID-19 lockdown, and Lockdown Regulations)
The needs and experiences of people with disabilities have largely been ignored during the Covid-19 pandemic, despite Article 11 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) stating that governments must ensure... more
The needs and experiences of people with disabilities have largely been ignored during the Covid-19 pandemic, despite Article 11 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) stating that governments must ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities. Evidence shows that feelings of destabilisation, disorientation, and uncertainty are linked to loss of income; poverty; food insecurity; lack of access to information, health care, education, livelihoods and support; increased gender-and impairment-related conflict; as well as exacerbated discrimination. Governments and agencies need to develop disability-inclusive policies and actions to be implemented during emergencies, and it is important that people with disabilities are consulted.-Using qualitative research can ensure that the priorities of people with disabilities are foregrounded and that their recommendations for improved disability-inclusive mitigation and support are gathered. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected communities globally, yet the impact has not been equal. People with disabilities were already often living with severe disadvantage and marginalisation and, as predicted by many disability-focused agencies, Covid-19 has exacerbated these inequalities. Emerging evidence from Inclusive Futures, a UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO)-funded programme, highlights the catastrophic emotional and material impacts on people with disabilities in Nepal and Bangladesh. To respond to and plan for future crises, decision makers should consult inclusively with both organisations of people with disabilities (OPDs) and people with disabilities themselves.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Disability Studies, Inclusive Design, Narrative Methods, Nepal, and 13 moreBangladesh, Marginalised Groups, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Participatory Methods, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, UN CRPD, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Pandemic Preparedness and Response, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC(Bangladesh, Marginalised Groups, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Participatory Methods, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, UN CRPD, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Pandemic Preparedness and Response, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
(Bangladesh, Marginalised Groups, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Participatory Methods, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, UN CRPD, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Pandemic Preparedness and Response, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
A focus on how to achieve impact is often a key aspect of policy-relevant social science research in international development settings. Done well, planning for impact from the outset of the project is based upon informed thinking and... more
A focus on how to achieve impact is often a key aspect of policy-relevant social science research in international development settings. Done well, planning for impact from the outset of the project is based upon informed thinking and reflection on how research teams can draw upon and strengthen their networks and relationships to develop, share, and promote their research findings. However, it may be several years before the relevance of some research is fully recognised and implemented, or for changes to take place in social and economic systems. This paper provides a snapshot of the impact achieved by the UK’s Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) funded Raising Learning Outcomes in Education Systems Research Programme (RLO). It provides a reflection on the different types of impact that research projects have achieved to inform discussion and learning around impact pathways for both researcher and funders.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Social Sciences, Educational Administration, International Development, Educational Research, and 13 moreNetworking, Education and Development, Research Impact, Education Funding, Research, Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment Studies, Educational system, Monitering and Evaluation, Research Uptake, Impact Strength, ESRC, Education for Sustainable Development, DFID, and The Department for International Development (DFID)(Networking, Education and Development, Research Impact, Education Funding, Research, Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment Studies, Educational system, Monitering and Evaluation, Research Uptake, Impact Strength, ESRC, Education for Sustainable Development, DFID, and The Department for International Development (DFID))
(Networking, Education and Development, Research Impact, Education Funding, Research, Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Assessment Studies, Educational system, Monitering and Evaluation, Research Uptake, Impact Strength, ESRC, Education for Sustainable Development, DFID, and The Department for International Development (DFID))
COVID-19 is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health, economic and social... more
COVID-19 is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health, economic and social impacts of the pandemic and responses to it. The aim of this research was to better understand how people with disabilities who are often excluded from research have experienced the evolving COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh and Nepal. In order to better understand how it has affected some of the most marginalised groups of people with disabilities, this study used in-depth qualitative research to focus on people with intellectual, psychosocial, deafblindness and other multiple impairments.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Participatory Research, Narrative Methods, Quantitative Research, Nepal, and 15 moreBangladesh, Intellectual Disability, Development, People with Disabilities, Deafblindness, Marginalised Groups, UN Convention of the rights of people with disabilities, Equality and Non Discrimination, Inclusive development, Pandemic preparedness, CRPD, UN CRPD, Deafblindeness, Covid-19, and Impact of Lockdown(Bangladesh, Intellectual Disability, Development, People with Disabilities, Deafblindness, Marginalised Groups, UN Convention of the rights of people with disabilities, Equality and Non Discrimination, Inclusive development, Pandemic preparedness, CRPD, UN CRPD, Deafblindeness, Covid-19, and Impact of Lockdown)
(Bangladesh, Intellectual Disability, Development, People with Disabilities, Deafblindness, Marginalised Groups, UN Convention of the rights of people with disabilities, Equality and Non Discrimination, Inclusive development, Pandemic preparedness, CRPD, UN CRPD, Deafblindeness, Covid-19, and Impact of Lockdown)
This research report presents recent data on the state of persons with disabilities (PWD) in Jordan, including data on access to basic services; the political, social, cultural, and economic context for persons with disabilities; and laws... more
This research report presents recent data on the state of persons with disabilities (PWD) in Jordan, including data on access to basic services; the political, social, cultural, and economic context for persons with disabilities; and laws and policies relevant to the rights of persons with disabilities. It also considers the situation for Syrian refugees with disabilities with regards to the above themes. The current official estimate of disability prevalence is 13 percent of the population, amounting to over 1,100,000 people. The 2004 census from Jordan reported a disability prevalence rate of 1.23 percent. In 2007 the prevalence rate was estimated to be 1.9 percent, with 41 percent of persons with disabilities being female. Prevalence figures for disability in the Arab region have historically been far lower than the global disability prevalence rate, which is estimated by the World Health Organization to be 15 percent.
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Blindness, Disability History, Jordan, Intellectual Disability, and 12 moreLearning Disabilities, Deafness and Hearing Loss, Literature Review, Disability Rights, Physical disability, Arab Region, UNCRPD, World Health Organization, CRPD, Accessible Transport and infrastucture for the disabled, DFID, and Syrian Refugees
This report highlights research and emerging evidence that show how mobile-enabled services can help increase inclusion of persons with disabilities. The aim is to provide DFID policy-makers with the information required to inform... more
This report highlights research and emerging evidence that show how mobile-enabled services can help increase inclusion of persons with disabilities. The aim is to provide DFID policy-makers with the information required to inform policies that are more resilient to the future. This report provides a synthesis of the current evidence on how mobile technology and mobile-enabled services can help increase inclusion of persons with disabilities. It was originally planned that this report would also explore how mobile enabled technology might exacerbate existing inequalities. Some evidence was found to focus on the barriers to ICT that marginalised groups encounter, however, no evidence was found to focus on how mobile technology might exacerbate inequalities. As such, the report focuses on the positive impact that mobile technology has been shown to have in increasing the inclusion of persons with disabilities.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Disability Studies, International Development, Resilience, Mobile Technology, and 11 moreAfrica, South Asia, Inclusion, Diversity & Inclusion, Mobile Communication, Access, Evidence Synthesis, International Aid and Development, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, DFID, and The Department for International Development (DFID)
This report provides a rapid literature review of the evidence on what data and evidence exists, to identify, categorise and support children with disabilities to access education and achieve measurable learning outcomes in Tanzania and... more
This report provides a rapid literature review of the evidence on what data and evidence exists, to identify, categorise and support children with disabilities to access education and achieve measurable learning outcomes in Tanzania and other similar resource-constrained contexts. Literature focused on the debate between mainstream and specialist education for children with disabilities is discussed. Where possible, the report flags gender dimensions. While the scope of the report did not allow for complex judgements to be made about the quality of the body of evidence, or of the strength of individual pieces of evidence, details were included to enable the reader to undertake such analysis if needed in the future, using the DFID How to Note on Assessing the Strength of Evidence. All the evidence included was in English, no more than 10 years old and from peer reviewed journals. A number of experts in the field were consulted.
Research Interests: Profound intellectual and multiple disabilities, Africa, Inclusive education (Learning And Teaching), Inclusive Education, Disability Studies in Education, and 15 moreTanzania, Learning Disabilities, Inclusive Education (including higher education), Children with disabilities, UN Convention of the rights of people with disabilities, Developmental disabilities, Inclusive education, pedagogy and practice, Special and inclusive education, Special Education, Autism, Adhd, Faculty Development, Behavior Modification, Cognitive Behavior Modification, Learning Disabilities, Intellectual Disabiltiies, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, Learning disabilites and communication, DFID, Public Policy on Inclusive Education, and The Department for International Development (DFID)(Tanzania, Learning Disabilities, Inclusive Education (including higher education), Children with disabilities, UN Convention of the rights of people with disabilities, Developmental disabilities, Inclusive education, pedagogy and practice, Special and inclusive education, Special Education, Autism, Adhd, Faculty Development, Behavior Modification, Cognitive Behavior Modification, Learning Disabilities, Intellectual Disabiltiies, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, Learning disabilites and communication, DFID, Public Policy on Inclusive Education, and The Department for International Development (DFID))
(Tanzania, Learning Disabilities, Inclusive Education (including higher education), Children with disabilities, UN Convention of the rights of people with disabilities, Developmental disabilities, Inclusive education, pedagogy and practice, Special and inclusive education, Special Education, Autism, Adhd, Faculty Development, Behavior Modification, Cognitive Behavior Modification, Learning Disabilities, Intellectual Disabiltiies, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, Learning disabilites and communication, DFID, Public Policy on Inclusive Education, and The Department for International Development (DFID))
This report provides a rapid literature review of the evidence on emergency humanitarian response to longer-term development in refugee crises. While the scope of the report did not allow for complex judgements to be made about the... more
This report provides a rapid literature review of the evidence on emergency humanitarian response to longer-term development in refugee crises. While the scope of the report did not allow for complex judgements to be made about the quality of the body of evidence, or of the strength of individual pieces of evidence, an evidence table is provided in Annex A to enable the reader to undertake such analysis if needed in the future, using the DFID How to Note on Assessing the Strength of Evidence. This report was written in five days. This report was designed to provide a brief overview of the key issues, and a summary of pertinent evidence found within the time permitted. The author recognises that the review process was non-systematic and non-exhaustive. All the evidence included was in English, no more than 10 years old. The resources were identified through a desk-based search. A number of experts in the field were also consulted.
Research Interests: Refugee Studies, Evidence Based Practice, Humanitarian Intervention, Humanitarian Affairs, Humanitarian Emergency Aid, and 15 moreUrban Refugees, Refugees, Refugees rights, Humanitarian Aid and Development Cooperation, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, Asylum and refugees studies, migration and integration, Refugee Crisis, Asylum Seekers and Refugees, Development and humanitarianism, Syrian Refugee Crisis, DFID, Refugee Crisis in Europe, humanitarian-development nexus, Rohingya Refugee Crisis, and Humanitarian and development nexus(Urban Refugees, Refugees, Refugees rights, Humanitarian Aid and Development Cooperation, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, Asylum and refugees studies, migration and integration, Refugee Crisis, Asylum Seekers and Refugees, Development and humanitarianism, Syrian Refugee Crisis, DFID, Refugee Crisis in Europe, humanitarian-development nexus, Rohingya Refugee Crisis, and Humanitarian and development nexus)
(Urban Refugees, Refugees, Refugees rights, Humanitarian Aid and Development Cooperation, Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, Asylum and refugees studies, migration and integration, Refugee Crisis, Asylum Seekers and Refugees, Development and humanitarianism, Syrian Refugee Crisis, DFID, Refugee Crisis in Europe, humanitarian-development nexus, Rohingya Refugee Crisis, and Humanitarian and development nexus)
This report provides a rapid review of definitions of organisational inclusion, and how best to measure it. Although the term ‘diversity’ was not included in the question, many of the resources were found to explore the term in a way that... more
This report provides a rapid review of definitions of organisational inclusion, and how best to measure it. Although the term ‘diversity’ was not included in the question, many of the resources were found to explore the term in a way that was deemed relevant to the current query. The scope of the report did not allow for complex judgements to be made about the quality of the body of evidence, or of the strength of individual pieces of evidence. However, it should be noted that in writing this report, a large number of resources were used that would not be considered ‘evidence’ under the stipulations contained within the UK Department for International Development’s How to Note on Assessing the Strength of Evidence . Therefore, caution should be taken in using this report as a basis for assumptions about what best practice might look like to define and measure inclusion within an organisation. This report was written in five days. It is designed to provide a brief overview of the key issues, summarised within the time permitted. The author recognises that the review process was non-systematic and non-exhaustive. All the resources included were in English, no more than 10 years old, apart from two older resources that were included as they were deemed to be relevant.
Research Interests: Development Studies, International Development, Diversity, Organisational Change, Evidence Based Practice, and 15 moreInclusion, Organisational Development, Equality and Diversity, Gender and Development, Diversity & Inclusion, Social Inclusion, Development, Disability, Literature Review, Business and Management, Organisational learning, International Aid and Development, Disability Rights Inclusion, DFID, and The Department for International Development (DFID)(Inclusion, Organisational Development, Equality and Diversity, Gender and Development, Diversity & Inclusion, Social Inclusion, Development, Disability, Literature Review, Business and Management, Organisational learning, International Aid and Development, Disability Rights Inclusion, DFID, and The Department for International Development (DFID))
(Inclusion, Organisational Development, Equality and Diversity, Gender and Development, Diversity & Inclusion, Social Inclusion, Development, Disability, Literature Review, Business and Management, Organisational learning, International Aid and Development, Disability Rights Inclusion, DFID, and The Department for International Development (DFID))
This report provides a rapid review of the evidence that exists regarding the global trends and disability prevalence. The evidence included was found using a desk-based internet search. Additional sources were suggested by a number of... more
This report provides a rapid review of the evidence that exists regarding the global trends and disability prevalence. The evidence included was found using a desk-based internet search. Additional sources were suggested by a number of experts, who were consulted as part of the process. All of the evidence included was written in English. This report was written in five days. The author recognises that the theme of disability is broad and that the time assigned does not reflect the importance of the topic. This report was designed to provide a brief overview of the key issues, and a summary of pertinent evidence found within the time permitted. The author recognises that the review process was non-systematic and non-exhaustive. There is clear scope for further work on this topic. It is recommended that follow up work focuses on the known drivers of disability and the established trends for those drivers for the next decade in various contexts. The structure of the current report, as defined by the question and limited by the terms of the helpdesk service, did not allow for detailed analysis of this nature. There was some cross over noted between sections. Due to time restrictions, analysis of trends relevant to various themes was not possible. For example, it would be interesting to investigate the impact on disability of conflict and age, or the impact on disability of geographic factors and chronic illness.
Research Interests: Development Studies, International Development, Evidence Based Practice, Sustainable Development, Blindness, and 15 moreGlobal Studies, Data Management, Chronic illness, Intellectual Disability, Stigma and Discrimination of Mental Illness, International Aid and Development, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Physical disability, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, Sustainable Developmet, Economic Growth, Social Improvement, Disability Rights Inclusion, Disability Rights : Problems and Challenges, Prevelance, and Hearing Disability(Global Studies, Data Management, Chronic illness, Intellectual Disability, Stigma and Discrimination of Mental Illness, International Aid and Development, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Physical disability, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, Sustainable Developmet, Economic Growth, Social Improvement, Disability Rights Inclusion, Disability Rights : Problems and Challenges, Prevelance, and Hearing Disability)
(Global Studies, Data Management, Chronic illness, Intellectual Disability, Stigma and Discrimination of Mental Illness, International Aid and Development, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Physical disability, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, Sustainable Developmet, Economic Growth, Social Improvement, Disability Rights Inclusion, Disability Rights : Problems and Challenges, Prevelance, and Hearing Disability)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to business contribution to sustainable development. There is a comprehensive literature exploring the relationship between CSR and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP). Since social... more
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to business contribution to sustainable development. There is a comprehensive literature exploring the relationship between CSR and Corporate Financial Performance (CFP). Since social responsibility was first discussed in the 1920s, a plethora of papers have been written on the topic. A number of reviews have been published focusing on the relationship between CSR and CFP. For consumer industries greater Corporate Social Performance (CSP) is associated with better CFP, and the opposite is true for industrial industries. This review of the literature questions whether responsible and sustainable business practice result in commercial and financial advancement. It also looks at whether the evidence available illustrates the business/commercial benefits of using responsible business techniques including sustainability standards, sustainability reporting and codes of conduct.
Research Interests: Business Ethics, Development Studies, Public Relations Ethics, CSR communication, CSR Ethics, and 13 moreBusiness and Management, Business studies, CSR in MNCs, Strategic CSR, Business & Ethics, CSP, CSR and philanthropy, CSR Business and Society, Business Administration and Management, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CSR and Business Ethics, Project and Business Development, and Corporate Financial Performance(Business and Management, Business studies, CSR in MNCs, Strategic CSR, Business & Ethics, CSP, CSR and philanthropy, CSR Business and Society, Business Administration and Management, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CSR and Business Ethics, Project and Business Development, and Corporate Financial Performance)
(Business and Management, Business studies, CSR in MNCs, Strategic CSR, Business & Ethics, CSP, CSR and philanthropy, CSR Business and Society, Business Administration and Management, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CSR and Business Ethics, Project and Business Development, and Corporate Financial Performance)
Violence against children is a global problem. It includes physical violence, psychological violence such as insults and humiliation, discrimination, neglect and maltreatment. It has short- and long-term repercussions that are often grave... more
Violence against children is a global problem. It includes physical violence, psychological violence such as insults and humiliation, discrimination, neglect and maltreatment. It has short- and long-term repercussions that are often grave and damaging for children (Pinheiro 2006). Bullying, gender-based violence, accidental violence, discrimination and violence, sexual assault or harassment, physical violence and psychological violence, describe some of the most prevalent forms of school-based violence (South African Human Rights Commission 2006). The evidence base on school-related violence must be improved to inform policies (Antonowicz 2010). To assess the evidence that does exist, this helpdesk report presents a non-systematic review of the evidence on school-related violence. It is based on the evidence found through a rapid internet search and through consultation with experts in this field. The report is broken down into four sections: reducing and preventing school-related violence; safe, inclusive and violence-free schools; cyber bullying; and school-related gender-based violence. It is recognised that the topic of school-related violence is complex and multifaceted. While this report aims to offer a useful synthesis of the evidence available, as well as relevant case studies and policy recommendations, it only scratches the surface of a very large and pressing global problem.
Research Interests: Education, Development Studies, Sexual Violence, International Education, Education Policy, and 15 moreAnti Bullying, School Violence Prevention, Bullying, School Bullying, Gender based violence, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, Violence in Schools and Universities, Cyber Bullying, Physical Violence, Gender Violence, Psychological violence, Violence in Boys/schools, Violence and Discipline in Primary Schools, Violence in the Schools, and Addressing Violence In Schools(Anti Bullying, School Violence Prevention, Bullying, School Bullying, Gender based violence, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, Violence in Schools and Universities, Cyber Bullying, Physical Violence, Gender Violence, Psychological violence, Violence in Boys/schools, Violence and Discipline in Primary Schools, Violence in the Schools, and Addressing Violence In Schools)
(Anti Bullying, School Violence Prevention, Bullying, School Bullying, Gender based violence, Sexual and Gender-Based Violence, Violence in Schools and Universities, Cyber Bullying, Physical Violence, Gender Violence, Psychological violence, Violence in Boys/schools, Violence and Discipline in Primary Schools, Violence in the Schools, and Addressing Violence In Schools)
This topic guide is focused on skills immediately necessary for employment and increased productivity. It focuses on technical and vocational education and training (TVET) skills, which are concerned with the acquisition of knowledge and... more
This topic guide is focused on skills immediately necessary for employment and increased productivity. It focuses on technical and vocational education and training (TVET) skills, which are concerned with the acquisition of knowledge and skills for the world of work. The importance and value of obtaining basic skills is recognised as a pre-requisite for higher order skills development. This document was written between July and December 2015 and includes evidence that was available at this time.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Productivity, Employment, Employability Skills, Critical Development Studies, and 13 moreTVET, Soft Skills, Critical Thinking Skills, Skills, International Aid and Development, 21st Century Skills, Curriculum Develoment in TVET, Impact of Ict on Tvet, Youth Employment and Labour Markets, GENDER AND ENROLLMENT IN TVET, TVET AND YOUTH EMPOWERMENT, TVET AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)(TVET, Soft Skills, Critical Thinking Skills, Skills, International Aid and Development, 21st Century Skills, Curriculum Develoment in TVET, Impact of Ict on Tvet, Youth Employment and Labour Markets, GENDER AND ENROLLMENT IN TVET, TVET AND YOUTH EMPOWERMENT, TVET AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
(TVET, Soft Skills, Critical Thinking Skills, Skills, International Aid and Development, 21st Century Skills, Curriculum Develoment in TVET, Impact of Ict on Tvet, Youth Employment and Labour Markets, GENDER AND ENROLLMENT IN TVET, TVET AND YOUTH EMPOWERMENT, TVET AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
Education is integral to the inclusive, peaceful and sustained development of a society. If education is equitable and of good quality, it can ensure the participation of marginalised groups in the development process more broadly,... more
Education is integral to the inclusive, peaceful and sustained development of a society. If education is equitable and of good quality, it can ensure the participation of marginalised groups in the development process more broadly, thereby reducing social inequalities. Without attention paid to equitable access, learning opportunities and quality learning outcomes, education can entrench existing inequalities within societies. To create more inclusive and just societies, it is thus crucial to leave no one behind (LNOB) in education. While the right to education is recognised as a universal human right, an estimated 262 million school-age children, adolescents and youth (between 6 and 17 years) were denied this right in 2017. This means one in every five school-age children, adolescents and youth are out of school. At primary school level, some 64 million 6 to 11-year old children are not in school. Some 61 million adolescents aged 12 to 14 years are not enrolled in lower secondary school. At upper secondary school level, some 139 million youth between the ages of 15 to 17 are out of school. These figures are increasing as the fast growing youth population, particularly in least developed countries, is adding pressure on already weak education systems.
Research Interests: Education, Development Studies, International Development, Education and Youth Exclusion, Learning Outcomes, and 13 moreDisability Studies in Education, School effectiveness and school improvement, Education For All, Educational management and leadership, Marginalised Groups, Mother-Tongue Literacy, Educational system, Mother Tongue, Education for Sustainable Development, Eduation and National Development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), #LNOB, and Lnob(Disability Studies in Education, School effectiveness and school improvement, Education For All, Educational management and leadership, Marginalised Groups, Mother-Tongue Literacy, Educational system, Mother Tongue, Education for Sustainable Development, Eduation and National Development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), #LNOB, and Lnob)
(Disability Studies in Education, School effectiveness and school improvement, Education For All, Educational management and leadership, Marginalised Groups, Mother-Tongue Literacy, Educational system, Mother Tongue, Education for Sustainable Development, Eduation and National Development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), #LNOB, and Lnob)
This document presents a summary of family planning. It reviews existing literature, examining carefully what the current knowledge is, where the important issues or problems lie and “what works”.
Research Interests: Sexual and Reproductive Health, Fertility and Family Planning, Population and Environment, Adolescent Family Planning, Family and Fertility Planning, Family Planning, and 14 moreFamily planning and fertility, ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY AND FAMILY PLANNING, Family Planning Program, Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health, Family Planning and Reproductive Health, Family planning & Population Control, HEALTH EDUCATION AND FAMILY PLANNING, Family planning logistics, Family Planning Trends, Family Planning and Contraception, Natural Family Planning, Family planning and reproductive right issue, Family Planning Satisfaction, and Knowledge Attitude Practice of Family Planning(Family planning and fertility, ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY AND FAMILY PLANNING, Family Planning Program, Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health, Family Planning and Reproductive Health, Family planning & Population Control, HEALTH EDUCATION AND FAMILY PLANNING, Family planning logistics, Family Planning Trends, Family Planning and Contraception, Natural Family Planning, Family planning and reproductive right issue, Family Planning Satisfaction, and Knowledge Attitude Practice of Family Planning)
(Family planning and fertility, ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY AND FAMILY PLANNING, Family Planning Program, Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health, Family Planning and Reproductive Health, Family planning & Population Control, HEALTH EDUCATION AND FAMILY PLANNING, Family planning logistics, Family Planning Trends, Family Planning and Contraception, Natural Family Planning, Family planning and reproductive right issue, Family Planning Satisfaction, and Knowledge Attitude Practice of Family Planning)
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation in relation to formal sector employment for persons with disabilities in Bangladesh?”. It has been prepared for the Inclusion Works programme (which... more
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation in relation to formal sector employment for persons with disabilities in Bangladesh?”. It has been prepared for the Inclusion Works programme (which works on disability inclusive formal employment in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda), to better understand the current context and available evidence in Bangladesh, and will be helpful for anyone interested in disability inclusion, especially in relation to employment. It focuses on persons with disabilities, employers, policy, the disability movement, and partnerships.This situational analysis synthesises the most recent existing literature and evidence (drawing on government and non-government sources available online) about Bangladesh generally and on factors relating to persons with disabilities involvement in formal employment.
Research Interests: Employment Law, Disability Studies, Inclusive Design, Work and Labour, Bangladesh, and 15 moreEmployment, Disability Rights, Skills, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Inclusive development, Disability Inclusive Development, Inclusive disability research, UNCRPD, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Employment/Labour Law, Disability Rights Inclusion, Employment Equity Policies, and UN CRPD(Employment, Disability Rights, Skills, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Inclusive development, Disability Inclusive Development, Inclusive disability research, UNCRPD, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Employment/Labour Law, Disability Rights Inclusion, Employment Equity Policies, and UN CRPD)
(Employment, Disability Rights, Skills, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Inclusive development, Disability Inclusive Development, Inclusive disability research, UNCRPD, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Employment/Labour Law, Disability Rights Inclusion, Employment Equity Policies, and UN CRPD)
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation in relation to formal sector employment for persons with disabilities in Nigeria?”. It has been prepared for the Inclusion Works programme (which... more
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation in relation to formal sector employment for persons with disabilities in Nigeria?”. It has been prepared for the Inclusion Works programme (which works on disability inclusive formal employment in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda), to better understand the current context and available evidence in Nigeria, and will be helpful for anyone interested in disability inclusion, especially in relation to employment. It focuses on persons with disabilities, employers, policy, the disability movement, and partnerships.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Disability Studies, Mental Health, Inclusive Education, Nigeria, and 14 moreDeafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Vision Impairment and blindness, Physical disability, Inclusive disability research, Disability Rights Advocacy, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, Equity, Disability Studies, Inclusive Education, UN CRPD, Inclusive Spaces and Persons with Disability, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)(Deafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Vision Impairment and blindness, Physical disability, Inclusive disability research, Disability Rights Advocacy, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, Equity, Disability Studies, Inclusive Education, UN CRPD, Inclusive Spaces and Persons with Disability, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
(Deafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Vision Impairment and blindness, Physical disability, Inclusive disability research, Disability Rights Advocacy, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, Equity, Disability Studies, Inclusive Education, UN CRPD, Inclusive Spaces and Persons with Disability, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation for persons with disabilities in Jordan?”. It has been prepared for the Disability Inclusive Development programme (which works on access to... more
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation for persons with disabilities in Jordan?”. It has been prepared for the Disability Inclusive Development programme (which works on access to education, jobs, healthcare, and reduced stigma and discrimination for persons with disabilities in Bangladesh, Jordan, Kenya, Nepal, Nigeria, and Tanzania), to better understand the current context, including COVID-19, and available evidence in Jordan. It will be helpful for anyone interested in disability inclusion in Jordan, especially in relation to stigma, employment, education, health, and humanitarian issues.
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation for persons with disabilities in Bangladesh?”. It has been prepared for the Disability Inclusive Development programme (which works on access to... more
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation for persons with disabilities in Bangladesh?”. It has been prepared for the Disability Inclusive Development programme (which works on access to education, jobs, healthcare, and reduced stigma and discrimination for persons with disabilities in Bangladesh, Jordan, Kenya, Nepal, Nigeria, and Tanzania), to better understand the current context, including COVID-19, and available evidence in Bangladesh. It will be helpful for anyone interested in disability inclusion in Bangladesh, especially in relation to stigma, employment, education, health, and humanitarian issues.
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Mental Health, Inclusive Design, History of Blindness/Visual Impairment, Blindness, and 15 moreBangladesh, Disability, Deafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Physical disability, Inclusive education, disability equality, Inclusive disability research, UNCRPD, Disability Rights Advocacy, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, and UN CRPD(Bangladesh, Disability, Deafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Physical disability, Inclusive education, disability equality, Inclusive disability research, UNCRPD, Disability Rights Advocacy, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, and UN CRPD)
(Bangladesh, Disability, Deafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Physical disability, Inclusive education, disability equality, Inclusive disability research, UNCRPD, Disability Rights Advocacy, Disability and Inclusive Development, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, and UN CRPD)
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation for persons with disabilities in Nigeria?”. It has been prepared for the Disability Inclusive Development programme (which works on access to... more
This situational analysis (SITAN) addresses the question: “what is the current situation for persons with disabilities in Nigeria?”. It has been prepared for the Disability Inclusive Development programme (which works on access to education, jobs, healthcare, and reduced stigma and discrimination for persons with disabilities in Bangladesh, Jordan, Kenya, Nepal, Nigeria, and Tanzania), to better understand the current context, including COVID-19, and available evidence in Nigeria. It will be helpful for anyone interested in disability inclusion in Nigeria, especially in relation to stigma, employment, education, health, and humanitarian issues.
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Blindness, Inclusive education (Learning And Teaching), Humanitarian Affairs, Disability Stigma, and 15 moreInclusive Education, Nigeria, Intellectual Disability, Deafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Special Education Needs and Inclusive Practice, Physical disability, Inclusive development, Inclusive disability research, Disability Rights Advocacy, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, UN CRPD, and Inclusive healthcare policy(Inclusive Education, Nigeria, Intellectual Disability, Deafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Special Education Needs and Inclusive Practice, Physical disability, Inclusive development, Inclusive disability research, Disability Rights Advocacy, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, UN CRPD, and Inclusive healthcare policy)
(Inclusive Education, Nigeria, Intellectual Disability, Deafness and Hearing Loss, Disability Rights, Special Education Needs and Inclusive Practice, Physical disability, Inclusive development, Inclusive disability research, Disability Rights Advocacy, United nations convention on the rights of people with disabilities, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, UN CRPD, and Inclusive healthcare policy)
The Global Technical Strategy (GTS) for malaria 2016-2030 includes malaria control and elimination targets for 2030 and interim milestones for 2020 and 2025. The nearest GTS milestone includes a reduction in malaria case incidence and... more
The Global Technical Strategy (GTS) for malaria 2016-2030 includes malaria control and elimination targets for 2030 and interim milestones for 2020 and 2025. The nearest GTS milestone includes a reduction in malaria case incidence and mortality rates of at least 40% by 2020 compared to 2015 levels, the elimination of malaria in at least 10 countries and the prevention of re-establishment of the disease in countries that are malaria-free. After 15 years of success in global malaria control, progress in reducing morbidity and mortality has stalled and the likelihood of reaching the 2020 milestones is small. In 2016, there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria or 5 million more than in 2015 and around 445,000 deaths. The African Region continues to bear an estimated 90% of all malaria cases and deaths worldwide. Fifteen countries – all but one in sub-Saharan Africa – carry 80% of the global malaria burden.
Research Interests: Infectious disease epidemiology, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, Malaria and other Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease, and 12 moreMalaria Research, Controlling vector borne diseases, Vector control, Anti-Malaria Drug Discovery, Malaria Control, Malaria Vector Biology and Control, Knowledge and Perceptions on Malaria, Cerebral Malaria, Vector Biology & Control, Epidemiology of Malaria and Integrated Vector Management In Africa, Integrated Vector and Pest Control, and Medical Entomology & Vector Control(Malaria Research, Controlling vector borne diseases, Vector control, Anti-Malaria Drug Discovery, Malaria Control, Malaria Vector Biology and Control, Knowledge and Perceptions on Malaria, Cerebral Malaria, Vector Biology & Control, Epidemiology of Malaria and Integrated Vector Management In Africa, Integrated Vector and Pest Control, and Medical Entomology & Vector Control)
(Malaria Research, Controlling vector borne diseases, Vector control, Anti-Malaria Drug Discovery, Malaria Control, Malaria Vector Biology and Control, Knowledge and Perceptions on Malaria, Cerebral Malaria, Vector Biology & Control, Epidemiology of Malaria and Integrated Vector Management In Africa, Integrated Vector and Pest Control, and Medical Entomology & Vector Control)
More than half of the world’s 7 billion people now live in urban areas. As the world’s population is becoming increasingly urbanised, new challenges are arising. The rural-urban gap in nutrition has narrowed in recent decades –... more
More than half of the world’s 7 billion people now live in urban areas. As the world’s population is becoming increasingly urbanised, new challenges are arising. The rural-urban gap in nutrition has narrowed in recent decades – essentially because the situation has worsened in urban areas. Ensuring adequate nutrition and food security for people living in urban areas is arguably one of the most significant challenges. The poorest urban-dwellers spend up to 75% of their income on staple foods alone. The ‘food poor’ refers to those unable to meet all nutritional needs due to expenditure on other basic non-food essentials. This helpdesk report details examples of nutrition programming in an urban setting. It considers whether the programmes were succesful, and if so, why. It also identifies the main challenges experienced.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Nutrition, Urbanization in Developing Areas, Food Security and Insecurity, Urban Planning, and 14 moreUrban Studies, Food Security, Cities, Malnutrition, Food Security and Social Justice, Public Distribution System and Food Security, Conditional Cash Transfers, Community Nutrition, Urban Networks, Human growth ,development and nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition, Economics of food security, Household Food Security, and Food Secuirty(Urban Studies, Food Security, Cities, Malnutrition, Food Security and Social Justice, Public Distribution System and Food Security, Conditional Cash Transfers, Community Nutrition, Urban Networks, Human growth ,development and nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition, Economics of food security, Household Food Security, and Food Secuirty)
(Urban Studies, Food Security, Cities, Malnutrition, Food Security and Social Justice, Public Distribution System and Food Security, Conditional Cash Transfers, Community Nutrition, Urban Networks, Human growth ,development and nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition, Economics of food security, Household Food Security, and Food Secuirty)
This report considers the strengths and weaknesses of the current global health architecture, and of the relevance and responsive of the health architecture for the post 2015 agenda. It looks at health architecture, health aid and health... more
This report considers the strengths and weaknesses of the current global health architecture, and of the relevance and responsive of the health architecture for the post 2015 agenda. It looks at health architecture, health aid and health governance from a global perspective. The report finds that the current architecture is crowded and poorly coordinated.Concern about global health has focused attention on global health governance architecture. The current system fails to provide sufficient justification for an obligation to assist in meeting the health needs of others. Transnational and national actors too often pursue their own interests. A stronger commitment to all people being healthy is needed. It is clear that reform is needed due to a mismatch between governance mechanisms and the vulnerability and complexity of global processes. A profound transition of the global health system is already under way. Health priorities must reflect the health needs of both current and future generations. State and non-state actors must be better connected for transparent policy dialogue in decision-making processes that affect health. Commitments to global solidarity and shared responsibility is needed to move towards a more sustainable and healthy system. Those players from the private sector and civil society must be included in the reform process and the governance system that follows. The more transparent the governance system is, the more effective it will be.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Global Health, Public Health, Health Care Management, Global Health Policy, and 15 morePublic Health Systems & Services Research, Health Systems, Health Systems Strengthening, Health Systems Research, MDGs, International health policy and financing in developing countrie, Global Health Governance, Mdgs Goals, Issues of Health Information System, Post-2015 Development Agenda, Post MDGs, Health Care Systems, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDG, and SDGs post-2015(Public Health Systems & Services Research, Health Systems, Health Systems Strengthening, Health Systems Research, MDGs, International health policy and financing in developing countrie, Global Health Governance, Mdgs Goals, Issues of Health Information System, Post-2015 Development Agenda, Post MDGs, Health Care Systems, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDG, and SDGs post-2015)
(Public Health Systems & Services Research, Health Systems, Health Systems Strengthening, Health Systems Research, MDGs, International health policy and financing in developing countrie, Global Health Governance, Mdgs Goals, Issues of Health Information System, Post-2015 Development Agenda, Post MDGs, Health Care Systems, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDG, and SDGs post-2015)
This Topic Guide has been compiled to provide an overview of undernutrition in the context of development. It covers the nature, scale and complex range of causes of undernutrition and summarises the evidence for what works to address the... more
This Topic Guide has been compiled to provide an overview of undernutrition in the context of development. It covers the nature, scale and complex range of causes of undernutrition and summarises the evidence for what works to address the problem. The Guide covers direct nutrition interventions (or nutrition specific development as it is often termed), indirect interventions (nutrition sensitive), and the global coordination structures, governance and funding which are essential for an enabling environment within which undernutrition can be successfully reduced. The focus of this Guide is on undernutrition, defined as the outcome of insufficient (quantity and quality) of food intake (hunger) and repeated infectious diseases. Undernutrition includes being underweight for one’s age, too short for one’s age (stunted), underweight for one’s height (wasted), and deficient in vitamins and minerals (micronutrient malnutrition). This review does not focus on the other component of malnutrition, which is overnutrition.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Nutrition, Community Development, Food and Nutrition, Micronutrients Deficiency, and 15 moreMicronutrients, Food Security, Hunger, Malnutrition, Poverty and Hunger eradication, Food Security and Social Justice, Vitamins and Minerals, Economics of food security, hunger and development, Hunger and Malnutrition, Childhood Nutrition, Wasting, Undernutrition, Child Undernutrition In Low Income Countries, Hunger & Food Insecurity, and Hunger and development(Micronutrients, Food Security, Hunger, Malnutrition, Poverty and Hunger eradication, Food Security and Social Justice, Vitamins and Minerals, Economics of food security, hunger and development, Hunger and Malnutrition, Childhood Nutrition, Wasting, Undernutrition, Child Undernutrition In Low Income Countries, Hunger & Food Insecurity, and Hunger and development)
(Micronutrients, Food Security, Hunger, Malnutrition, Poverty and Hunger eradication, Food Security and Social Justice, Vitamins and Minerals, Economics of food security, hunger and development, Hunger and Malnutrition, Childhood Nutrition, Wasting, Undernutrition, Child Undernutrition In Low Income Countries, Hunger & Food Insecurity, and Hunger and development)
The Ebola outbreak affecting West Africa was a serious trans-national medical emergency. It had the potential to become a global health crisis. Many of the countries affected already had weak health systems, which were stretched to... more
The Ebola outbreak affecting West Africa was a serious trans-national medical emergency. It had the potential to become a global health crisis. Many of the countries affected already had weak health systems, which were stretched to breaking point. The health authorities have a limited capacity to respond and in a context of widespread fear and misunderstanding about the nature of the disease and how to prevent it. Alongside addressing human resourcing, health system and pharmaceutical challenges, social mobilisation is increasingly recognised as a key component of any strategy that aims to bring the Ebola outbreak under control. This report seeks to establish what lessons have been learnt from the current and previous Ebola outbreaks. It recommends good practice and makes suggestions based on the evidence for good practice and preparedness to reduce transmission and prevent further risk and exposure in affected countries.
Research Interests: Infectious disease epidemiology, Health Information Systems, Uganda, Sierra Leone, Health, and 15 moreInfectious Diseases, Liberia, Health Systems, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Zoonosis, Infectious Disease, Zoonotic Disease, Epidemic, Ebola, Global Epidemics, Pandemic preparedness, Ebola Virus, Ebola Virus Treatment, Ebola Virus Disease, and Preparing for Ebola virus Disease in West Africa
Education is a significant contributor to peace, and appears in two of the 24 indicators in the Positive Peace Index produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace. Education can lead to peace and be a part of ‘building back better’by... more
Education is a significant contributor to peace, and appears in two of the 24 indicators in the Positive Peace Index produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace. Education can lead to peace and be a part of ‘building back better’by supporting the transformation of the security situation, political institutions, economic regeneration and social development. However, education policies can also contribute to the escalation of conflict if they are poorly designed or implemented. This report contains key lessons about how education can contribute to peace, recovery, and reconstruction.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies, Evidence Based Practice, International Education, Evidence, and 12 moreSecondary Education, Peace Studies, Peace Education, Comparative and International Development Education, Peace, Peacebuilding, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Primary Education, International and Comparative Education, Security and Peace Studies, Tertiary Education, and Peace & Reconciliation
Purpose There is no plan for a national child eye care programme or existing human resource infrastructure to address the immediate challenge of child eye health in Mozambique. Furthermore, the prevalence and incidence of refractive... more
Purpose
There is no plan for a national child eye care programme or existing human resource infrastructure to address the immediate challenge of child eye health in Mozambique. Furthermore, the prevalence and incidence of refractive error, visual impairment (VI) and child blindness (CB) in Mozambique is unknown. VI and CB have devastating personal, developmental, economic and other implications for the child, the family, the community and indeed, the nation. This study aims to design, implement and evaluate a school based paediatric vision screening service, to identify those in need of eye health services, among Mozambique’s 11,561,000 children.
Methods
Primary School Screening took place in three schools in Nampula, Mozambique in September 2010 and March 2011. The children’s vision was screened by an optometry student, optometrist or teacher with a Log MAR 0.3 line at 4 Meters. Ophthalmoscopy was performed on all children. Children who failed to read all 5 letters monocularly had their visual acuity examined on a standard Log Mar chart. If they failed to see the 0.3 line on the standard chart they had a full refraction on site. Children who required refraction were refracted on site. Those needing ophthalmological assessment were referred to Nampula Central Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit.
Results
These studies found that there is a cohort of students attending school in Nampula who are in need of eyecare service provision. Refractive Error was present among this population tested in these studies but none of the children observed wore spectacles.The training received by these teachers was very brief but teachers appear to have an adequate level of education and interest to undertake vision screening in children. The ideal teacher profile for Vision Officers within schools is trainee teachers who can be taught the basics of vision screening and eye health through their existing studies.
The results of this study will inform a regional pilot teacher screening project for Nampula, which will include the addition of “Vision Screening” to teacher training modules at Pedagogical Universities in Nampula, Mozambique, as part of a plan to develop a national child eye care programme for Mozambique.
There is no plan for a national child eye care programme or existing human resource infrastructure to address the immediate challenge of child eye health in Mozambique. Furthermore, the prevalence and incidence of refractive error, visual impairment (VI) and child blindness (CB) in Mozambique is unknown. VI and CB have devastating personal, developmental, economic and other implications for the child, the family, the community and indeed, the nation. This study aims to design, implement and evaluate a school based paediatric vision screening service, to identify those in need of eye health services, among Mozambique’s 11,561,000 children.
Methods
Primary School Screening took place in three schools in Nampula, Mozambique in September 2010 and March 2011. The children’s vision was screened by an optometry student, optometrist or teacher with a Log MAR 0.3 line at 4 Meters. Ophthalmoscopy was performed on all children. Children who failed to read all 5 letters monocularly had their visual acuity examined on a standard Log Mar chart. If they failed to see the 0.3 line on the standard chart they had a full refraction on site. Children who required refraction were refracted on site. Those needing ophthalmological assessment were referred to Nampula Central Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit.
Results
These studies found that there is a cohort of students attending school in Nampula who are in need of eyecare service provision. Refractive Error was present among this population tested in these studies but none of the children observed wore spectacles.The training received by these teachers was very brief but teachers appear to have an adequate level of education and interest to undertake vision screening in children. The ideal teacher profile for Vision Officers within schools is trainee teachers who can be taught the basics of vision screening and eye health through their existing studies.
The results of this study will inform a regional pilot teacher screening project for Nampula, which will include the addition of “Vision Screening” to teacher training modules at Pedagogical Universities in Nampula, Mozambique, as part of a plan to develop a national child eye care programme for Mozambique.
Research Interests: Vision Science, Higher Education, Community Development, Blindness, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and 15 moreMozambique, Refractive Error, Low vision, Aid effectiveness, Ear and Eye Health Care, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Health screening programmes, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Reading, Eye movements, Child Development, University Health Education, School Eye Health, Eye Health Systems, and Eye-Health-seeking(Mozambique, Refractive Error, Low vision, Aid effectiveness, Ear and Eye Health Care, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Health screening programmes, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Reading, Eye movements, Child Development, University Health Education, School Eye Health, Eye Health Systems, and Eye-Health-seeking)
(Mozambique, Refractive Error, Low vision, Aid effectiveness, Ear and Eye Health Care, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Health screening programmes, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Reading, Eye movements, Child Development, University Health Education, School Eye Health, Eye Health Systems, and Eye-Health-seeking)
A common challenge faced by members of the Association of Portuguese Language Universities (AULP) and by other higher education institutions around the world is providing access to up-to-date and relevant academic literature. In an age... more
A common challenge faced by members of the Association of Portuguese Language Universities (AULP) and by other higher education institutions around the world is providing access to up-to-date and relevant academic literature. In an age where more research is being published than ever before, institutions need to move with the times and recognise that we should change our approach to tertiary education. This report considers how a university based in a Portuguese speaking country can use e-learning to overcome some of the barriers presented by language in higher education.
Research Interests: Languages, Health Professional Education, Higher Education, Open Access, Open Access Publishing, and 15 moreMozambique, Health Care Education, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, International Higher Education, Internationalization of higher education, Tertiary Science education, Academic research, Língua Portuguesa, Health Professions Education, Skills, International Aid and Development, Tertiary Education, Open Access Books in Linguistics, Tertiary Language Acquisition, and Elearning(Mozambique, Health Care Education, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, International Higher Education, Internationalization of higher education, Tertiary Science education, Academic research, Língua Portuguesa, Health Professions Education, Skills, International Aid and Development, Tertiary Education, Open Access Books in Linguistics, Tertiary Language Acquisition, and Elearning)
(Mozambique, Health Care Education, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, International Higher Education, Internationalization of higher education, Tertiary Science education, Academic research, Língua Portuguesa, Health Professions Education, Skills, International Aid and Development, Tertiary Education, Open Access Books in Linguistics, Tertiary Language Acquisition, and Elearning)
Mozambique eyecare project carried out in June 2013 to estimate the socio-economic benefit of an Optometry Programme by calculating the benefits of addressing refractive error in terms of productivity gained as a result of the... more
Mozambique eyecare project carried out in June 2013 to estimate the socio-economic benefit of an Optometry Programme by calculating the benefits of addressing refractive error in terms of productivity gained as a result of the intervention.
Research Interests: Development Economics, Health Economics, International Development, Higher Education, Primary Health Care, and 15 moreMozambique, Development, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Screening, Students, University, Public Health Optometry, Willingness To Pay-WTP, Business and Economics, International Aid and Development, Benefit Cost Analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Willingness to Pay, and Health Economics and Policy(Mozambique, Development, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Screening, Students, University, Public Health Optometry, Willingness To Pay-WTP, Business and Economics, International Aid and Development, Benefit Cost Analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Willingness to Pay, and Health Economics and Policy)
(Mozambique, Development, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Screening, Students, University, Public Health Optometry, Willingness To Pay-WTP, Business and Economics, International Aid and Development, Benefit Cost Analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Willingness to Pay, and Health Economics and Policy)
A situational analysis indicates a lack of eye health personnel who can and do refract. The logical course of action would be to train more eye health personnel. A conservative estimated annual burden of URE in lost productivity in... more
A situational analysis indicates a lack of eye health personnel who can and do refract. The logical course of action would be to train more eye health personnel. A conservative estimated annual burden of URE in lost productivity in Mozambique is $14,486,692. To achieve the V2020 target ratio, an extra 184 workers are needed in six provinces analysed. The analysis assumes the existing personnel are well trained and dedicate time to offering a refraction service. It also assumes that the patient receives the care they require. Other aspects of the situational analysis suggest this is currently not always the case. A more comprehensive analysis would look at the number of work hours each person dedicates to refraction and the outcome.
Research Interests: Optometry, Development Economics, Development Studies, Health Professional Education, Vision Science, and 15 morePublic Health Policy, Productivity, Mozambique, Refractive Error, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, International cooperation for development, Healthcare professionals, Health Professions, Quality in African Health System, Optometría, Refractive Errors, Lost Productivity, and eye-health promotion(Public Health Policy, Productivity, Mozambique, Refractive Error, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, International cooperation for development, Healthcare professionals, Health Professions, Quality in African Health System, Optometría, Refractive Errors, Lost Productivity, and eye-health promotion)
(Public Health Policy, Productivity, Mozambique, Refractive Error, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, International cooperation for development, Healthcare professionals, Health Professions, Quality in African Health System, Optometría, Refractive Errors, Lost Productivity, and eye-health promotion)
Optometric education and resources are drastically deficient in most of Africa, more so in Lusophone Africa where the problem is compounded by language barriers which isolate these countries from related developments in Africa and/or low... more
Optometric education and resources are drastically deficient in most of Africa, more so in Lusophone Africa where the problem is compounded by language barriers which isolate these countries from related developments in Africa and/or low income countries.
Research Interests: Development Studies, International Development, Public Health Policy, Mozambique, Public Health, and 15 moreRefractive Error, Tertiary Science education, International Development Cooperation, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Tertiary Education, International cooperation for development, Lusophone Africa, Optometría, International Collaboration, Refractive Errors, Optometric Education, Optometrist, and Optometria(Refractive Error, Tertiary Science education, International Development Cooperation, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Tertiary Education, International cooperation for development, Lusophone Africa, Optometría, International Collaboration, Refractive Errors, Optometric Education, Optometrist, and Optometria)
(Refractive Error, Tertiary Science education, International Development Cooperation, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Tertiary Education, International cooperation for development, Lusophone Africa, Optometría, International Collaboration, Refractive Errors, Optometric Education, Optometrist, and Optometria)
This paper presents results from a national situational analysis. An International Agency for Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) tool was used to map current eye care services recorded including human resource and equipment. Data was analysed... more
This paper presents results from a national situational analysis. An International Agency for Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) tool was used to map current eye care services recorded including human resource and equipment. Data was analysed against VISION 2020 Human Resource targets.
Research Interests: Blindness, Mozambique, Human Resources, Urban Health, Public Health Systems & Services Research, and 15 moreHuman Resources Development, Health Systems, Refractive Error, Rural Health, Human Resources for Health, University, Low vision, Glasses, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Glasses and Optical Materials, Human Resources in Health administration, and Spectacles(Human Resources Development, Health Systems, Refractive Error, Rural Health, Human Resources for Health, University, Low vision, Glasses, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Glasses and Optical Materials, Human Resources in Health administration, and Spectacles)
(Human Resources Development, Health Systems, Refractive Error, Rural Health, Human Resources for Health, University, Low vision, Glasses, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Opthalmology, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Glasses and Optical Materials, Human Resources in Health administration, and Spectacles)
This paper aims to explore the successes and challenges of the One Student One Family programme within the context of the Mozambique Eyecare Project. It was presented at the African Regional Conference on Community University Partnerships... more
This paper aims to explore the successes and challenges of the One Student One Family programme within the context of the Mozambique Eyecare Project. It was presented at the African Regional Conference on Community University Partnerships and Community Based Research, 2011 Dakar, Senegal.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Higher Education, Public Health Policy, Mozambique, Public Health, and 15 moreHigher Education Studies, Student Motivation, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Student Learning, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Healthcare professionals, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Engaged Scholarship and Community-University Relationships, Optometría, International Health Outreach, and univercity students(Higher Education Studies, Student Motivation, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Student Learning, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Healthcare professionals, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Engaged Scholarship and Community-University Relationships, Optometría, International Health Outreach, and univercity students)
(Higher Education Studies, Student Motivation, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Student Learning, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Healthcare professionals, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Engaged Scholarship and Community-University Relationships, Optometría, International Health Outreach, and univercity students)
Background - The Mozambique Eyecare Programme is funded by Irish Aid and designed to address the need for optometric education in Lusophone Africa. It is a multi-partner collaboration between Universidade Lúrio, Mozambique, Technological... more
Background - The Mozambique Eyecare Programme is funded by Irish Aid and designed to address the need for optometric education in Lusophone Africa. It is a multi-partner collaboration between Universidade Lúrio, Mozambique, Technological University Dublin, Ireland, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, and The International Centre for Eyecare Education (ICEE) an international Non Government Organisation. A key output from the programme is the development of an optometry school based at Universidade Lúrio, the first of its kind in Mozambique. The aim is to address unmet eye care needs through human resource development.
All students enrolled at Universidade Lúrio, including the optometry students, are required to participate in the One Student One Family programme. This initiative aims to improve the public health of disadvantaged communities in Nampula province through information dissemination and increased interaction between health science students and the general public. It also provides the students with the opportunity to interact with the community and apply their theoretical knowledge in the local context. This experience will enhance their patient care and as it is a community informed project, it ensures the wider eyecare programme follows a pro-poor approach.
Aim - This paper aims to analyse the lessons learnt from the programme so far.
Methods - Surveys and key informant interviews with optometry students, individuals within communities, teaching faculty and partners involved with the Mozambique Eyecare Project will form the basis of the analysis.
Results - The results are expected to indicate both the successes and failures of the One Student One Family programme. The results will contribute to the development of a framework to improve the programme in order to achieve the desired outcome of improved community eye health.
Conclusion - The Mozambique Eyecare Project is developing human resources in Lusophone Africa through a partnership linking higher education institutions in Europe and Africa. The One Student One Family programme addresses a current deficit in eyecare knowledge within the local community by transferring knowledge from optometry students to the general public.
In conclusion, innovative models of education and interaction between students and the community is necessary to address the eye care needs of the country, the region and the continent.
All students enrolled at Universidade Lúrio, including the optometry students, are required to participate in the One Student One Family programme. This initiative aims to improve the public health of disadvantaged communities in Nampula province through information dissemination and increased interaction between health science students and the general public. It also provides the students with the opportunity to interact with the community and apply their theoretical knowledge in the local context. This experience will enhance their patient care and as it is a community informed project, it ensures the wider eyecare programme follows a pro-poor approach.
Aim - This paper aims to analyse the lessons learnt from the programme so far.
Methods - Surveys and key informant interviews with optometry students, individuals within communities, teaching faculty and partners involved with the Mozambique Eyecare Project will form the basis of the analysis.
Results - The results are expected to indicate both the successes and failures of the One Student One Family programme. The results will contribute to the development of a framework to improve the programme in order to achieve the desired outcome of improved community eye health.
Conclusion - The Mozambique Eyecare Project is developing human resources in Lusophone Africa through a partnership linking higher education institutions in Europe and Africa. The One Student One Family programme addresses a current deficit in eyecare knowledge within the local community by transferring knowledge from optometry students to the general public.
In conclusion, innovative models of education and interaction between students and the community is necessary to address the eye care needs of the country, the region and the continent.
Research Interests: Optometry, Higher Education, Blindness, Public Health Policy, Mozambique, and 15 morePublic Health, Occupational Optometry, Optometry education, International Public Health, Low vision, Public Health Optometry, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Public Health Sciences, Optometry and Ophthalmology, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Optometría, PEADIATRIC OPTOMETRY, and Doctor of Optometry(Public Health, Occupational Optometry, Optometry education, International Public Health, Low vision, Public Health Optometry, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Public Health Sciences, Optometry and Ophthalmology, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Optometría, PEADIATRIC OPTOMETRY, and Doctor of Optometry)
(Public Health, Occupational Optometry, Optometry education, International Public Health, Low vision, Public Health Optometry, Vision Impairment and blindness, Optometry and Vision Science, Public Health Sciences, Optometry and Ophthalmology, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Optometría, PEADIATRIC OPTOMETRY, and Doctor of Optometry)
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate potential key determinants of the success, or otherwise, of endeavours to address avoidable Visual Impairment (VI) by addressing Uncorrected Refractive Error (URE) in Mozambique and the wider... more
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate potential key determinants of the success, or otherwise, of endeavours to address avoidable Visual Impairment (VI) by addressing Uncorrected Refractive Error (URE) in Mozambique and the wider region of sub-Saharan Africa by providing optometric services. It includes a Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) of a higher education optometry training programme, barriers that might prevent the realisation of overarching goals despite a successful training programme, and a Willingness to Pay (WTP) analysis to inform the pricing structure and to determine the financial sustainability of the system. Methods A standard CBA methodology was applied to ascertain societal net benefit. Costs including those associated with establishing an optometry service. Benefits were calculated by considering how addressing URE could increase productivity. Disability weighting (DW) for VI was applied …
Research Interests: Ophthalmology, Vision Science, Higher Education, Blindness, Productivity, and 15 moreMozambique, Public Health, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Refractive Error, International Public Health, Low vision, Benefit Cost Analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Public Health Sciences, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Willingness to Pay, Optometría, Disability Weights, Uncorrected vision, and Optometria(Mozambique, Public Health, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Refractive Error, International Public Health, Low vision, Benefit Cost Analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Public Health Sciences, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Willingness to Pay, Optometría, Disability Weights, Uncorrected vision, and Optometria)
(Mozambique, Public Health, Public Health Systems & Services Research, Refractive Error, International Public Health, Low vision, Benefit Cost Analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Public Health Sciences, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Willingness to Pay, Optometría, Disability Weights, Uncorrected vision, and Optometria)
Book review of 'The political economy of food', edited by, Jody Harris, Molly Anderson, Chantal Clément and Nicholas Nisbett, Institute of Development Studies Bulletin July
Brighton
Brighton
Research Interests: Political Economy, Nutrition, International Development, Food Systems, Sustainable Development, and 15 morePower System, Food and Nutrition, Globalisation and Sustainable Development, Sustainable Rural Development, Book Review, Partnership, Nutrition Policy For developing Countries, International Aid and Development, Critical Political Economy, Agri food, Food and Nutrition Policy Development, Food and Nutrition Security Policy, Sustainability, Nutrition Policy, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)(Power System, Food and Nutrition, Globalisation and Sustainable Development, Sustainable Rural Development, Book Review, Partnership, Nutrition Policy For developing Countries, International Aid and Development, Critical Political Economy, Agri food, Food and Nutrition Policy Development, Food and Nutrition Security Policy, Sustainability, Nutrition Policy, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
(Power System, Food and Nutrition, Globalisation and Sustainable Development, Sustainable Rural Development, Book Review, Partnership, Nutrition Policy For developing Countries, International Aid and Development, Critical Political Economy, Agri food, Food and Nutrition Policy Development, Food and Nutrition Security Policy, Sustainability, Nutrition Policy, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
This Archive Collection focuses on the articles contributed by Robert Chambers to the IDS Bulletin over the years, which explore various development dilemmas. In the spirit of participation, learning, and reflection (which have been such... more
This Archive Collection focuses on the articles contributed by Robert Chambers to the IDS Bulletin over the years, which explore various development dilemmas. In the spirit of participation, learning, and reflection (which have been such prominent features of Robert’s scholarship), it felt only right to speak to Robert himself to hear his views on some of the enduring development challenges; therefore, in December 2022 we visited our colleague and our friend. This article details an extract from our conversation.
Research Interests: Human Geography, Development Studies, Globalization, Participatory Research, Participatory Design, and 10 moreCommunity Development, Sustainable Development, Rural Development, Globalisation and Development, Cognitive Bias, Applied Economics, Citizen participation, International Development Studies, Public Administration and Policy, and Community participation and engagement
This paper describes and discusses a piece of inclusive and participatory fieldwork undertaken with people with deafblindness and women with disabilities in Bangladesh in January 2023. The work was carried out in Rangpur and Rajshahi in... more
This paper describes and discusses a piece of inclusive and participatory fieldwork undertaken with people with deafblindness and women with disabilities in Bangladesh in January 2023. The work was carried out in Rangpur and Rajshahi in close collaboration with local and international NGOs working on disability as part of the UK government Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) funded Disability Inclusive Development (DID) programme. Informed by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Task Order 12 in the DID programme affirms disabled people’s right to work and is modelled on and adapted from the mainstream STAR youth employment programme run by BRAC in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
This research investigates how COVID-19 has affected experiences of people with disabilities in low-and middle-income contexts. A qualitative approach was used to collect data as the pandemic progressed from 75 participants in Nigeria,... more
This research investigates how COVID-19 has affected experiences of people with disabilities in low-and middle-income contexts. A qualitative approach was used to collect data as the pandemic progressed from 75 participants in Nigeria, Bangladesh, Nepal, Kenya, and Uganda. The research aimed to be inclusive of people with disabilities by asking the participants directly about their perspectives with a narrative interview method being employed to gain each person&#39;s unique insights. A participatory thematic analysis of the data, followed by a spatial analysis process, produced rich and highly individualized accounts of the spatiocultural experiences relating to how people with disabilities had occupied both private and public space during the pandemic. Differing factors, such as the dominant culture, gender, a person&#39;s impairments, and the social environment, are shown to shape people&#39;s experiences. Across cultures, COVID-19 is shown to have presented new challenges for people with disabilities while preexisting disadvantages have been exacerbated.
Research Interests: Geography, Human Geography, Cultural Geography, Social Geography, Development Studies, and 15 moreDisability Studies, International Development, Citizen Journalism, Nepal, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Disability, Disability Rights, Geografia, Critical Development Studies, Development Studies and Public Policy, International Development Studies, Neglect, and Pandemic
Background: People with disabilities are a large, disadvantaged minority, comprising approximately 12% of the population. The South African government has ratified international and regional disability treaties but deals with disability... more
Background: People with disabilities are a large, disadvantaged minority, comprising approximately 12% of the population. The South African government has ratified international and regional disability treaties but deals with disability rights within general anti-discrimination legislation. There are no specific frameworks to monitor justice for people with disabilities. The study aims to inform further development of disability inclusive mechanisms relating to crises including pandemics.Objectives: This study explored the perceptions of South Africans with disabilities, to understand their experiences during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focussing on socioeconomic, well-being and human rights aspects.Method: An online survey tool generated quantitative and qualitative data. Widespread publicity and broad recruitment were achieved through project partners networks. Participants responded via mobile phone and/or online platforms.Results: Nearly 2000 people responded, represent...
Research Interests: Disability Studies, Human Rights, Critical Disability Studies, Disaster Studies, Disaster risk management, and 12 moreEconomic Growth, Political Science, Disaster Management, Disability, South Africa, Disasters, Disaster risk reduction, Online Surveys, Disadvantaged, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Research Interests: Finance, Infectious disease epidemiology, Malaria, Economic Development, Infectious Diseases, and 15 moreMalaria and other Infectious Diseases, Population, Infectious Disease, Malaria Research, Psychological Intervention, Controlling vector borne diseases, Vector control, Anti-Malaria Drug Discovery, Malaria Control, Malaria Vector Biology and Control, Knowledge and Perceptions on Malaria, Cerebral Malaria, Epidemiology of Malaria and Integrated Vector Management In Africa, Integrated Vector and Pest Control, and Indoor residual spraying(Malaria and other Infectious Diseases, Population, Infectious Disease, Malaria Research, Psychological Intervention, Controlling vector borne diseases, Vector control, Anti-Malaria Drug Discovery, Malaria Control, Malaria Vector Biology and Control, Knowledge and Perceptions on Malaria, Cerebral Malaria, Epidemiology of Malaria and Integrated Vector Management In Africa, Integrated Vector and Pest Control, and Indoor residual spraying)
(Malaria and other Infectious Diseases, Population, Infectious Disease, Malaria Research, Psychological Intervention, Controlling vector borne diseases, Vector control, Anti-Malaria Drug Discovery, Malaria Control, Malaria Vector Biology and Control, Knowledge and Perceptions on Malaria, Cerebral Malaria, Epidemiology of Malaria and Integrated Vector Management In Africa, Integrated Vector and Pest Control, and Indoor residual spraying)
Research Interests:
What are the global trends regarding disability prevalence that we are anticipating until 2030? In answering this question please consider: How will this vary according to geography, economic projections, and other factors? We know we... more
What are the global trends regarding disability prevalence that we are anticipating until 2030? In answering this question please consider: How will this vary according to geography, economic projections, and other factors? We know we will have an ever ageing population, but what about the prevalence of other types of disability that are borne out of chronic illness, disease, and conflict and other factors? What are the links between disability prevalence and noncommunicable diseases such as strokes, cancer, and heart disease? What are the trends and prevalence of mental health related disabilities? What are the trends and prevalence of disability in terms of age and sex?
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Education, Infectious disease epidemiology, Political Science, Health Information Systems, Uganda, and 15 moreSierra Leone, Health, Infectious Diseases, Liberia, Health Systems, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease, Epidemic, Ebola, Global Epidemics, Pandemic preparedness, Ebola Virus, Ebola Virus Treatment, Ebola Virus Disease, and Preparing for Ebola virus Disease in West Africa
Does responsible and sustainable business practice result in commercial and financial advancement? Does research illustrate the business/commercial benefits of using responsible business techniques including sustainability standards,... more
Does responsible and sustainable business practice result in commercial and financial advancement? Does research illustrate the business/commercial benefits of using responsible business techniques including sustainability standards, sustainability reporting and codes of conduct? Are firms who take action to eradicate human rights abuses more profitable and sustainable? What is the evidence that being a more transparent and responsible business benefits firms in the long term? Where are the key evidence gaps?
Research Interests: Business, Business Ethics, Finance, Development Studies, Public Relations Ethics, and 15 moreCSR communication, CSR Ethics, Business and Management, Business studies, CSR in MNCs, Strategic CSR, CSP, CSR and philanthropy, CSR Business and Society, Business Administration and Management, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CSR and Business Ethics, Project and Business Development, Corporate Financial Performance, and IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies(CSR communication, CSR Ethics, Business and Management, Business studies, CSR in MNCs, Strategic CSR, CSP, CSR and philanthropy, CSR Business and Society, Business Administration and Management, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CSR and Business Ethics, Project and Business Development, Corporate Financial Performance, and IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies)
(CSR communication, CSR Ethics, Business and Management, Business studies, CSR in MNCs, Strategic CSR, CSP, CSR and philanthropy, CSR Business and Society, Business Administration and Management, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), CSR and Business Ethics, Project and Business Development, Corporate Financial Performance, and IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies)
Research Interests:
A focus on how to achieve impact is often a key aspect of policy-relevant social science research in international development settings. Done well, planning for impact from the outset of the project is based upon informed thinking and... more
A focus on how to achieve impact is often a key aspect of policy-relevant social science research in international development settings. Done well, planning for impact from the outset of the project is based upon informed thinking and reflection on how research teams can draw upon and strengthen their networks and relationships to develop, share, and promote their research findings. However, it may be several years before the relevance of some research is fully recognised and implemented, or for changes to take place in social and economic systems.
Research Interests: Education, Development Studies, Social Sciences, Educational Administration, International Development, and 14 moreEducational Research, Political Science, Children and Youth, Networking, Education and Development, Research Impact, Education Funding, Educational system, Monitering and Evaluation, Research Uptake, Impact Strength, ESRC, Education for Sustainable Development, and DFID
Provide an up-to-date report based on available evidence that assesses what has worked/hasn't worked in reducing and preventing school-related violence, and in addressing school-related violence when it happens? The report will also... more
Provide an up-to-date report based on available evidence that assesses what has worked/hasn't worked in reducing and preventing school-related violence, and in addressing school-related violence when it happens? The report will also explore what measures have worked best to promote safe, inclusive and violence-free schools and what factors have been critical in securing positive change? We are particularly interested in measures that have secured lasting change, especially at scale. The report will be organised as an annotated bibliography of 15-20 resources that may be useful in preventing and addressing school-related violence. We are particularly interested in low and lower middle income countries in Latin America, Africa and Asia, including conflict situations.
Research Interests:
Diverse approaches to promoting disability inclusive employment aim to transform workplaces into truly inclusive environments, usually with intervention strategies targeting two main groups: employers and jobseekers with disabilities.... more
Diverse approaches to promoting disability inclusive employment aim to transform workplaces into truly inclusive environments, usually with intervention strategies targeting two main groups: employers and jobseekers with disabilities. However, they do not always consider other relevant stakeholders or address the relationships and interactions between diverse actors in the wider social ecosystem. These approaches often neglect deeper ‘vexing’ difficulties which block progress towards disability inclusive work environments. Most interventions rightly embrace hegemonic ‘social models of disability’ and use human rights arguments but may neglect entrenched structural factors. Disability inclusive employment is complex, with unaddressed invisible aspects that continue to limit progress. We explore some key relevant disability concepts and then interrogate evidence from the ‘Inclusion Works’ programme working in four middle- and low-income countries, considering some intractable barriers underlying the slow movement towards inclusive employment. Finally, we propose that a more participatory action orientated approach involving disabled people and others is needed to both generate deeper understanding and provide pathways towards new solutions to obstinate problems through progressive action learning processes in context. Programmatic interventions that work across the levels of the ecosystem and address power relations and interactions between stakeholders could lead to more substantial forms of disability inclusive employment.
Research Interests: Human Geography, Development Studies, Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, Labour Law, and 15 moreGlobalisation and Development, Labour Studies, Development, Applied Economics, Disability, Structural Violence, Labour markets, Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Psychological Intervention, Public Policy and Administration, Globalisation of disability, International Development Studies, Neglect, Social Model of Disability, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities(Globalisation and Development, Labour Studies, Development, Applied Economics, Disability, Structural Violence, Labour markets, Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Psychological Intervention, Public Policy and Administration, Globalisation of disability, International Development Studies, Neglect, Social Model of Disability, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities)
(Globalisation and Development, Labour Studies, Development, Applied Economics, Disability, Structural Violence, Labour markets, Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Psychological Intervention, Public Policy and Administration, Globalisation of disability, International Development Studies, Neglect, Social Model of Disability, and The Rights of Persons With Disabilities)
This is a report on a qualitative study undertaken as part of the Inclusion Works programme, aiming to reach a group who are not often included in research studies. A Nigeria-based researcher asked 10 people with disabilities in Nigeria... more
This is a report on a qualitative study undertaken as part of the Inclusion Works programme, aiming to reach a group who are not often included in research studies. A Nigeria-based researcher asked 10 people with disabilities in Nigeria to tell us about their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. They had different types of impairments such as intellectual, physical, visual and hearing impairments.
Research Interests: Psychology, Participatory Research, Disability Studies, International Development, Critical Disability Studies, and 15 moreQualitative methodology, Commonwealth, Disability Theory, Qualitative Research, Nigeria, Disability, Disability Rights, Development policy, IDS, Focus Group, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Disability Rights Advocacy, CRPD, Pandemic, and CoVid
Research Interests: Business, Development Studies, Employability, Deaf studies, Disability Studies, and 15 moreInternational Development, Employment Relations, Blindness, Disability Theory, Disabled people movement, Kenya, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Intellectual Disability, Employment, Learning Disabilities, IDS, Inclusive development, CRPD, and Deaf Studies
a) Recent data on the state of PWD in Jordan, such as data on access to basic services for PWD. b) Analyses of the political, social, cultural, and economic context for PWD in Jordan. Relevant issues could include, for example: norms and... more
a) Recent data on the state of PWD in Jordan, such as data on access to basic services for PWD. b) Analyses of the political, social, cultural, and economic context for PWD in Jordan. Relevant issues could include, for example: norms and behaviours towards PWD; gender equality; social cohesion; the impact of violent conflict on the mental health and psychosocial needs of PWD; and any issues particular to Jordan. c) Assessments of laws on the rights of PWD in Jordan.
Research Interests:
People with disabilities are under-represented in the global workforce, and this problem is often particularly acute in the &#39;global south&#39;. This special issue seeks to provide new perspectives on why this is the case and... more
People with disabilities are under-represented in the global workforce, and this problem is often particularly acute in the &#39;global south&#39;. This special issue seeks to provide new perspectives on why this is the case and comprises seven papers focused on disability inclusive employment. We deliberately wanted to place this collection in the Journal of International Development as a core development publication, rather than in a disability specific one, because we think it is important to &#39;mainstream&#39; 1 disability within development so that the international community can develop an increased understanding and awareness of disability dilemmas. The challenges faced by disabled people need to be tackled as part of all development thinking and programming. The issue of employment and livelihoods for people with disabilities is gaining increased attention from funders, policymakers, scholars and practitioners, with funding expanding for interventions aiming to fix the complex problems constraining the opportunities for decent work for disabled people (Hanass-Hancock &amp; Mitra, 2016; Steffens, 2021; Wickenden et al., 2020). Sadly, it exists pretty much universally across our planet in high-, middleand low-income settings. The problem is not just one of unequal access to work but also of inequalities experienced by people with disabilities when in work: When disabled people do work, they generally do so for longer hours and lower incomes, have fewer chances of promotion, and are at greater risk of becoming unemployed for longer periods. (Tripney et al., 2015, p. 11) The Sustainable Development Goals&#39; (UN, 2015) call to &#39;leave no one behind&#39; is particularly pertinent for people with disabilities, for whom being excluded has often been their regular experience to date. However, this is now beginning to change as recognition and funding for disability-focussed intervention programmes and research are rising up the international development agenda. This collection of papers covers a range of issues pertinent to the topic of disability inclusive employment from different practical and theoretical standpoints and focuses on a range of countries and contexts in the &#39;global south&#39;. We invited contributions from a wide range of authors, intentionally encouraging those who had not previously written for academic journals, to submit, including NGO practitioners, representatives of organisations of people with disabilities (OPDs) and other allies and activists. Support during the writing process was available to those who needed it, and opportunities to be involved in reviewing other papers in the collection were also offered. Thus, these papers reflect an aspiration for different perspectives to be brought in various dilemmas and challenges to be highlighted regarding the progress towards achieving a disability inclusive society generally, and specifically towards people with disabilities having access to meaningful employment on an equal basis. At the same time, we cannot deny that such a special issue, put together by a team of nondisabled scholars based in northwestern Europe, and drawing directly and indirectly our established networks, remains, in John Gaventa&#39;s (2020: 118f) terminology, an &#39;invited space&#39; shaped by hidden and invisible forms of power, offering selected entry points for influence and
Research Interests: Human Geography, Disability Studies, International Development, Critical Disability Studies, Social Inclusion, and 14 moreDevelopment, Applied Economics, Diversity and Inclusion, International Development Cooperation, Public Policy and Administration, Inclusive growth, Mainstreaming, Inclusive development, International Development Studies, Public Administration and Policy, UNCRPD, Reasonable Accommodation, Employment/Labour Law, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)(Development, Applied Economics, Diversity and Inclusion, International Development Cooperation, Public Policy and Administration, Inclusive growth, Mainstreaming, Inclusive development, International Development Studies, Public Administration and Policy, UNCRPD, Reasonable Accommodation, Employment/Labour Law, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
(Development, Applied Economics, Diversity and Inclusion, International Development Cooperation, Public Policy and Administration, Inclusive growth, Mainstreaming, Inclusive development, International Development Studies, Public Administration and Policy, UNCRPD, Reasonable Accommodation, Employment/Labour Law, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Optometry, Human Resource Development, Health Economics, Higher Education, Blindness, and 15 moreMozambique, Public Health, Health Administration, Medicine, Refractive Error, Library and Information Studies, Humans, Program Development, Human Resources for Health, Economic analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Public health systems and services research, Cost Benefit Analysis, and Medicine and Health Sciences(Mozambique, Public Health, Health Administration, Medicine, Refractive Error, Library and Information Studies, Humans, Program Development, Human Resources for Health, Economic analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Public health systems and services research, Cost Benefit Analysis, and Medicine and Health Sciences)
(Mozambique, Public Health, Health Administration, Medicine, Refractive Error, Library and Information Studies, Humans, Program Development, Human Resources for Health, Economic analysis, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Public health systems and services research, Cost Benefit Analysis, and Medicine and Health Sciences)
In Tanzania, the prevalence of refractive error and presbyopia have not been comprehensively assessed, limiting appropriate planning and implementation of delivery of vision care. This study sought to determine the prevalence of... more
In Tanzania, the prevalence of refractive error and presbyopia have not been comprehensively assessed, limiting appropriate planning and implementation of delivery of vision care. This study sought to determine the prevalence of refractive error and presbyopia, spectacle coverage and the barriers to uptake of refractive services in people aged 15 years and older in the Kahama district of Tanzania. A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted using 54 randomly selected clusters. Respondents 15 years and older were interviewed and underwent standardised clinical eye examinations. Uncorrected refractive error (URE) was defined as presenting vision worse than 6/12 that could be corrected to better than 6/12 using a pinhole. Spectacle coverage was defined as the proportion of need that was met (those that improved from unaided vision with their own spectacle correction). A total of 3,230 subjects (99.75 per cent of 3,240 eligible) participated in the study with 57.2 per cent males and the median age of participants was 35 years (inter-quartile range, 24 to 49). The prevalence of visual impairment was 10.4 per cent (95% CI 9.4 to 11.4) and was lower in those who had completed their primary school education (odds ratio (OR) 0.54, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.72) and highest in subjects 40 years and older (OR 3.17, 95% CI: 2.14 to 4.70) and farmers (OR 8.57 95% CI: 2.27 to 32.43). Refractive error prevalence was 7.5 per cent (95% CI: 6.65 to 8.54) and this was highest in participants over 40 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.25) and in students (OR 3.64, 95% CI: 1.35 to 9.86). Prevalence of presbyopia was 46.5 per cent (773/1,663, 95% CI: 44.34 to 48.75). Spectacle coverage for refractive error and presbyopia was 1.69% (95% CI: 0 to 3.29) and 0.42% (95% CI: 0 to 1.26), respectively. Uncorrected refractive error is a public health challenge in the Kahama district and sustainable service delivery and health promotion efforts are needed.
Research Interests: Optometry, Risk assessment, Tanzania, Visual acuity, Refractive Error, and 15 moreHumans, Female, Male, Physical sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Adult, Health surveys, Risk Assessment, Eyeglasses, Refractive Errors, Cross Sectional Studies, Presbyopia, and Medical and Health Sciences
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Optometry, Development Studies, Higher Education, Africa, Blindness, and 15 moreMozambique, Community Health, Foreign Aid, Human Resource, Health Services Research, Education Research, Developing Country, International Aid and Development, Community Eye Health, Collaborative Work, Eye Health, Lessons Learned, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Developing nations, and Higher Education Institution(Mozambique, Community Health, Foreign Aid, Human Resource, Health Services Research, Education Research, Developing Country, International Aid and Development, Community Eye Health, Collaborative Work, Eye Health, Lessons Learned, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Developing nations, and Higher Education Institution)
(Mozambique, Community Health, Foreign Aid, Human Resource, Health Services Research, Education Research, Developing Country, International Aid and Development, Community Eye Health, Collaborative Work, Eye Health, Lessons Learned, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Developing nations, and Higher Education Institution)
Research Interests: Development Studies, Higher Education, Public Health Policy, Mozambique, Public Health, and 14 moreHigher Education Studies, Student Motivation, Student Learning, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Public health systems and services research, Healthcare professionals, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Optometría, International Health Outreach, and univercity students(Higher Education Studies, Student Motivation, Student Learning, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Public health systems and services research, Healthcare professionals, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Optometría, International Health Outreach, and univercity students)
(Higher Education Studies, Student Motivation, Student Learning, International Aid and Development, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Health, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Public health systems and services research, Healthcare professionals, University-Community Engagement, Community-University Partnerships, Optometría, International Health Outreach, and univercity students)
Research Interests:
Copper cyclam (cyclam=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and tetraethylammonium (TEA+) act as co-templates for the hydrothermal crystallisation of the silicoaluminophosphate SAPO STA-7, as determined by UV–visible, ESR and solid-state MAS... more
Copper cyclam (cyclam=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and tetraethylammonium (TEA+) act as co-templates for the hydrothermal crystallisation of the silicoaluminophosphate SAPO STA-7, as determined by UV–visible, ESR and solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopies, powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. Calcination of the as-prepared solid in flowing oxygen removes all organics to leave Cu(II),H-SAPO STA-7 (hereafter Cu-SAPO STA-7) in which the presence of
Research Interests:
COVID-19 is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health, economic and social... more
COVID-19 is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health, economic and social impacts of the pandemic and responses to it. The aim of this research was to better understand how people with disabilities who are often excluded from research have experienced the evolving COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh and Nepal. In order to better understand how it has affected some of the most marginalised groups of people with disabilities, this study used in-depth qualitative research to focus on people with intellectual, psychosocial, deafblindness and other multiple impairments.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Participatory Research, Political Science, Narrative Methods, Quantitative Research, and 15 moreNepal, Bangladesh, Intellectual Disability, Development, People with Disabilities, Deafblindness, Marginalised Groups, Equality and Non Discrimination, Inclusive development, Pandemic preparedness, CRPD, Pandemic, Deafblindeness, CoVid, and Impact of Lockdown
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Medicine()
()
India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system... more
India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add ...
Research Interests: Development Studies, Disability Studies, International Development, Discrimination, Freedom of Religion, and 15 moreFreedom of thought, Caste and Untouchability, Indian Politics, Disability, India, Disability Rights, Caste and Gender Issues in Indian Culture and Literature, Critical Development Studies, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Indian caste structure and its changing trends, Freedom of Faith and Religion, Minority Religions, and IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies(Freedom of thought, Caste and Untouchability, Indian Politics, Disability, India, Disability Rights, Caste and Gender Issues in Indian Culture and Literature, Critical Development Studies, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Indian caste structure and its changing trends, Freedom of Faith and Religion, Minority Religions, and IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies)
(Freedom of thought, Caste and Untouchability, Indian Politics, Disability, India, Disability Rights, Caste and Gender Issues in Indian Culture and Literature, Critical Development Studies, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Indian caste structure and its changing trends, Freedom of Faith and Religion, Minority Religions, and IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies)
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In recent times there has been sustained momentum to address inequalities within university faculties and improve the diversity of students. Also, in response to historical and current social injustices, universities have sought to... more
In recent times there has been sustained momentum to address inequalities within university faculties and improve the diversity of students. Also, in response to historical and current social injustices, universities have sought to decolonize curricula. These progressive movements have had particular significance for departments focused on development studies and related subjects because the need to be inclusive is not only the right thing to do from a moral position, but also because to be exclusive is fundamentally challenging to the conceptualization and philosophy of the discipline. Development is a contested term but addressing inequality and working towards social justice are common themes found across most definitions. This commentary provides a critical insight into the importance of inclusive universities as gatekeepers to equitable knowledge production and the development of future professionals. To play their part in addressing the challenges posed by a globalized world, ...
Research Interests: Development Studies, International Development, Higher Education, Race and Racism, Political Science, and 12 moreMarginalized Identities, Learning And Teaching In Higher Education, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, Social Inclusion, Higher Education Studies, Internationalization of higher education, University, International Aid and Development, Marginalization, Tertiary Education, Cogitatio, and Nationalism and Decolonization(Marginalized Identities, Learning And Teaching In Higher Education, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, Social Inclusion, Higher Education Studies, Internationalization of higher education, University, International Aid and Development, Marginalization, Tertiary Education, Cogitatio, and Nationalism and Decolonization)
(Marginalized Identities, Learning And Teaching In Higher Education, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, Social Inclusion, Higher Education Studies, Internationalization of higher education, University, International Aid and Development, Marginalization, Tertiary Education, Cogitatio, and Nationalism and Decolonization)
This is a report on a qualitative study undertaken as part of the Inclusion Works programme, aiming to reach a group who are not often included in research studies. A researcher based in Bangladesh asked 10 people with disabilities in the... more
This is a report on a qualitative study undertaken as part of the Inclusion Works programme, aiming to reach a group who are not often included in research studies. A researcher based in Bangladesh asked 10 people with disabilities in the country to tell us about their lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. They had different types of disabilities such as intellectual, physical, visual and multiple disabilities.
Research Interests: Psychology, Disability Studies, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Studies, Disability Rights, and 11 moreConvention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Disability Rights Advocacy, CRPD, Impairment, UN CRPD, IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies, Coronavirus COVID-19, Corona Virus, CoVid, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, and COVID-19 lockdown
Research Interests:
This document presents a summary of family planning. It reviews existing literature examining carefully what the current knowledge is where the important issues or problems lie and “what works”. It is divided into ten sections. This guide... more
This document presents a summary of family planning. It reviews existing literature examining carefully what the current knowledge is where the important issues or problems lie and “what works”. It is divided into ten sections. This guide was produced as a result of a reading week held for the UK Department for International Development (DFID) advisers in mid-2012. The topics and readings were chosen by experts in the field but are not a comprehensive review of all family planning literature. This topic guide is an update and based on the key readings selected for this week plus updated materials. The main audience for this guide is policymakers advisers managers and practitioners.
Research Interests:
The needs and experiences of people with disabilities have largely been ignored during the Covid-19 pandemic, despite Article 11 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) stating that governments must ensure... more
The needs and experiences of people with disabilities have largely been ignored during the Covid-19 pandemic, despite Article 11 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) stating that governments must ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities. Evidence shows that feelings of destabilisation, disorientation, and uncertainty are linked to loss of income; poverty; food insecurity; lack of access to information, health care, education, livelihoods and support; increased gender-and impairment-related conflict; as well as exacerbated discrimination. Governments and agencies need to develop disability-inclusive policies and actions to be implemented during emergencies, and it is important that people with disabilities are consulted.-Using qualitative research can ensure that the priorities of people with disabilities are foregrounded and that their recommendations for improved disability-inclusive mitigation and support are gathered. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected communities globally, yet the impact has not been equal. People with disabilities were already often living with severe disadvantage and marginalisation and, as predicted by many disability-focused agencies, Covid-19 has exacerbated these inequalities. Emerging evidence from Inclusive Futures, a UK Foreign, Commonwealth &amp; Development Office (FCDO)-funded programme, highlights the catastrophic emotional and material impacts on people with disabilities in Nepal and Bangladesh. To respond to and plan for future crises, decision makers should consult inclusively with both organisations of people with disabilities (OPDs) and people with disabilities themselves.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Disability Studies, Inclusive Design, Narrative Methods, Nepal, and 15 moreBangladesh, Marginalised Groups, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Participatory Methods, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, Pandemic, UN CRPD, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies, Pandemic Preparedness and Response, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC(Bangladesh, Marginalised Groups, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Participatory Methods, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, Pandemic, UN CRPD, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies, Pandemic Preparedness and Response, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
(Bangladesh, Marginalised Groups, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Participatory Methods, Inclusive development, UNCRPD, CRPD, Disability Rights Inclusion, Pandemic, UN CRPD, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), IGDS Institute for Gender and Development Studies, Pandemic Preparedness and Response, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
Provide a rapid literature review of the evidence on what data and evidence exists, to identify, categorise and support children with disabilities to access education and achieve measurable learning outcomes in Tanzania and/or other... more
Provide a rapid literature review of the evidence on what data and evidence exists, to identify, categorise and support children with disabilities to access education and achieve measurable learning outcomes in Tanzania and/or other similar resource-constrained LICs/ contexts. Particular attention should be paid to the debate between mainstream vs specialist education for children with disabilities.
Research Interests:
The COVID-19 pandemic is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health,... more
The COVID-19 pandemic is deepening pre-existing inequalities. Emerging research suggests that people with disabilities across the world have experienced various rights violations and been disproportionality affected by the health, economic and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the responses to it. The aim of this research was to explore how people with disabilities, who often are excluded from research, have experienced the evolving COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya. To better understand how it has affected jobseekers with disabilities, in-depth qualitative research was conducted in Kenya as part of the Inclusion Works programme.
Research Interests: Psychology, Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, Disability policy, Disability Theory, and 13 moreKenya, Disability, Disability Rights, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, CRPD, Impairment, The Rights of Persons With Disabilities, UN CRPD, Coronavirus COVID-19, CoVid, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, Economic effects of COVID-19 , and COVID-19 lockdown
This qualitative study was undertaken as part of the work of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) funded Inclusion Works programme which aims to improve inclusive employment for people with disabilities in four... more
This qualitative study was undertaken as part of the work of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) funded Inclusion Works programme which aims to improve inclusive employment for people with disabilities in four countries: Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria, Bangladesh. When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged early in 2020 the work of this consortium programme was adapted to focus on pandemic relief and research activities, while some other planned work was not possible.
Research Interests: Psychology, Disability Studies, Human Rights, Disability policy, Uganda, and 15 moreDisability Theory, Disability, Disability Rights, IDS, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, CRPD, Pandemic, UN CRPD, Coronavirus COVID-19, CoVid, COVID-19 PANDEMIC, Economic effects of COVID-19 , PANDEMIA Covid 19, lockdown, and Lockdown Regulations
This article explores COVID-19 related experiences of disabled people in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, Nepal and Uganda. Narrative interviews generated storied responses, focussing on respondents' priorities, which enabled us to hear... more
This article explores COVID-19 related experiences of disabled people in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, Nepal and Uganda. Narrative interviews generated storied responses, focussing on respondents' priorities, which enabled us to hear what was most significant for them and their families. 143 interviews were conducted online or by phone by 7 local researchers (3 disabled), with appropriate inclusive support. Nearly everyone was interviewed twice to capture the progression of impacts over time. The data was analysed thematically through a virtual participatory approach.An overarching 'subjective' theme of feelings experienced by the participants was labelled 'destabilisation, disorientation and uncertainty'. We also identified 'concrete' or material impacts. People experienced various dilemmas such as choosing between securing food and keeping safe, and tensions between receiving support and feeling increased vulnerability or dependence, with interplay betwee...
Research Interests:
Introduction Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and leads to an impaired quality of life. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia, to... more
Introduction Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and leads to an impaired quality of life. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia, to assess spectacle coverage, and to evaluate visual health-related quality of life among persons aged 15–50 years old in Nampula, Mozambique. Methods Participants were assessed using a validated rapid assessment of refractive error protocol, comprised of a demographic questionnaire, a standardized ophthalmic assessment to determine refractive status and spectacle coverage, and a modified vision-related quality of life questionnaire to assess the impact of uncorrected refractive error on participants’ visual health status. Results Among the 3,453 respondents, visual impairment prevalence was 3.5% (95%, CI 2.7%–4.2%), with 65.8% of those visually impaired being 35 years of age and older. Uncorrected refractive error prevalence was 2.6% (95%, CI 2.1–3.2...
Research Interests:
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated national responses have had ramifications for societies around the world, including South Africa. The marginalisation of people with disabilities is well documented in pre-COVID times, and emerging... more
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated national responses have had ramifications for societies around the world, including South Africa. The marginalisation of people with disabilities is well documented in pre-COVID times, and emerging evidence suggests that the crisis has made this worse, as well as presenting new challenges for people with disabilities. This paper presents a review of published research and grey literature of relevance to the proven or anticipated socioeconomic , wellbeing and human right related impacts of COVID-19 on people with disabilities in South Africa and other contexts. Its purpose is to summarise evidence to inform a study on the experiences of South Africans with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of an improved inclusive framework for future management of such crises in South Africa. After a brief introduction, the paper is structured around four main sections. Context is provided by considering COVID-19 and disability both globally and in Africa. Then the literature focused on Humanitarian Disaster Risk Reduction and disability inclusion is discussed. Finally the South African policy and legislation environment on disability and humanitarian action is explored. The review finds that globally there is a limited but growing body of work on COVID-19 and disability. There is a particular dearth of evidence focusing specifically on Africa. The evidence that does exist tends either to be focused on a few particular countries or form part of large global surveys. Much of the global level grey literature published early in the pandemic and subsequently anticipates exacerbated negative experiences for people with disabilities, including exclusion from services, stigma and discrimination and lack of inclusive approaches to relief and support by governments and others. Advisory materials, sometimes focussed on specific subgroups, are generally in agreement about calling for a universally inclusive and disability aware approach to pandemic mitigation across settings and sectors. The limited primary research on COVID-19 and disability is mostly focussed on high income settings and or populations with particular health concerns.
Research Interests: African Studies, Disability Studies, Critical Disability Studies, History of Blindness/Visual Impairment, Disaster risk management, and 14 moreWell-Being, Southern Africa, Disaster Risk Communication, Happiness and Well Being, Disability Rights, Crisis, South Africa, Disaster risk reduction, Poverty Alleviation, Physical disability, UNCRPD, Hearing Impairment, Crisis/disaster Management, and Pandemic Coronavirus COVID19
This paper explores the relationship between accessible sanitation and disability-inclusive employment in Bangladesh and Nigeria. Both countries have sanitation and hygiene challenges as well as disability-inclusive employment challenges,... more
This paper explores the relationship between accessible sanitation and disability-inclusive employment in Bangladesh and Nigeria. Both countries have sanitation and hygiene challenges as well as disability-inclusive employment challenges, but the existing evidence on the intersection of these issues that is focused on Nigeria and Bangladesh is extremely limited. Building on the literature where this complex issue is addressed, this paper presents the findings of a qualitative pilot study undertaken in Nigeria and Bangladesh. It focuses on the need for toilets at work that are easy for people with disabilities to use in poor countries. These are sometimes called accessible toilets. Accessible sanitation is not regarded as a challenge that must be addressed by people with disabilities themselves, but as a challenge that must be addressed by many people working together – including governments, employers, and the community.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Participatory Research, Disability Studies, Accessibility, Sustainable Development, and 14 moreAbleism and Ability Studies, Discrimination, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Employment, Disability, Employment Discrimination, Disability Rights, Water and Sanitation, Equality and Non Discrimination, Sanitation, UNCRPD, Employment/Labour Law, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system... more
India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds.
A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence.
Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India.
While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments.
Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence.
Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India.
While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments.
Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Disability Studies, International Development, Narrative and interpretation, Discrimination, and 10 moreFreedom of Religion, Caste and Untouchability, India, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Indian caste structure and its changing trends, Relevance of caste in contemporary indian society, Freedom of Faith and Religion, and Minority Religions(Freedom of Religion, Caste and Untouchability, India, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Indian caste structure and its changing trends, Relevance of caste in contemporary indian society, Freedom of Faith and Religion, and Minority Religions)
(Freedom of Religion, Caste and Untouchability, India, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Indian caste structure and its changing trends, Relevance of caste in contemporary indian society, Freedom of Faith and Religion, and Minority Religions)
Around the world, people with disabilities can be the most marginalised in society. Having a disability and being a member of a religious minority or an excluded social group can compound the reasons why some people find themselves on the... more
Around the world, people with disabilities can be the most marginalised in society. Having a disability and being a member of a religious minority or an excluded social group can compound the reasons why some people find themselves on the outskirts of social systems which normally provide financial and moral support and a sense of identity and belonging.
A recent study from India found that identity markers such as religion, caste and gender can exacerbate the exclusion already experienced by people with disabilities. Taking deliberate steps to strengthen the social inclusion of people with disabilities who also come from minority religious groups and socioeconomically marginalised backgrounds can help them fulfil their potential to fully and effectively participle in society on an equal basis with others, and strengthen community ties, making the society in which they live more inclusive.
A recent study from India found that identity markers such as religion, caste and gender can exacerbate the exclusion already experienced by people with disabilities. Taking deliberate steps to strengthen the social inclusion of people with disabilities who also come from minority religious groups and socioeconomically marginalised backgrounds can help them fulfil their potential to fully and effectively participle in society on an equal basis with others, and strengthen community ties, making the society in which they live more inclusive.
Research Interests: Development Studies, Disability Studies, International Development, Discrimination, Freedom of Religion, and 13 moreMinority Studies, Freedom of thought, Indian Politics, Disability, India, Disability Rights, Caste and Gender Issues in Indian Culture and Literature, Critical Development Studies, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UN CRPD, and Minority Religions(Minority Studies, Freedom of thought, Indian Politics, Disability, India, Disability Rights, Caste and Gender Issues in Indian Culture and Literature, Critical Development Studies, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UN CRPD, and Minority Religions)
(Minority Studies, Freedom of thought, Indian Politics, Disability, India, Disability Rights, Caste and Gender Issues in Indian Culture and Literature, Critical Development Studies, Caste, Equality and Non Discrimination, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, UN CRPD, and Minority Religions)
Research focusing on the links between education, development and social change has a long history; this includes research on higher education investment in low-income countries by external and international development agencies. Analysis... more
Research focusing on the links between education, development and social change has a long history; this includes research on higher education investment in low-income countries by external and international development agencies. Analysis of the impact on society of higher education in developing countries emerged alongside post-colonial discourses and modernisation theories. Research generally focused on how higher education could be utilised by governments to train people in the skills necessary for economic growth. Academia in this context was regarded as being irrelevant to local communities. Vocational training was largely left up to public programmes. At this time, higher education aid focused primarily on providing graduate training in donor countries.
Research Interests: Social Change, African Studies, Education, Development Studies, Social Sciences, and 15 moreInternational Development, Higher Education, Economic Growth, Sustainable Development, Academia Research, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, Higher Education Studies, Internationalization of higher education, Skills, International Aid and Development, Tertiary Education, Literaturereview, International Aid for Education, Participation of Adults In Higher Education, and Knowledge, Power and Practices In International Aid System(International Development, Higher Education, Economic Growth, Sustainable Development, Academia Research, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, Higher Education Studies, Internationalization of higher education, Skills, International Aid and Development, Tertiary Education, Literaturereview, International Aid for Education, Participation of Adults In Higher Education, and Knowledge, Power and Practices In International Aid System)
(International Development, Higher Education, Economic Growth, Sustainable Development, Academia Research, Equity and Social Justice in Higher Education, Higher Education Studies, Internationalization of higher education, Skills, International Aid and Development, Tertiary Education, Literaturereview, International Aid for Education, Participation of Adults In Higher Education, and Knowledge, Power and Practices In International Aid System)