United States Senate election in New York, 2018

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General election
General election for U.S. Senate New York

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Kirsten_Gillibrand.jpg
Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
 
67.0
 
4,056,931
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/BBA795CE-7F45-4A85-B2A7-193F2BE52247.jpeg
Chele Farley (R)
 
33.0
 
1,998,220

Total votes: 6,055,151
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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2022
2016
U.S. Senate, New York
Ballotpedia Election Coverage Badge.png
Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: April 12, 2018
Primary: June 26, 2018
General: November 6, 2018

Pre-election incumbent:
Kirsten Gillibrand (Democrat)
How to vote
Poll times: 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. (general elections); primary times vary by county
Voting in New York
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Solid Democratic
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Democratic
Inside Elections: Solid Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
See also
U.S. Senate, New York
U.S. Senate1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th21st22nd23rd24th25th26th27th
New York elections, 2018
U.S. Congress elections, 2018
U.S. Senate elections, 2018
U.S. House elections, 2018

Voters in New York elected one member to the U.S. Senate in the election on November 6, 2018.

The election filled the Class 1 Senate seat held by Kirsten Gillibrand (D). She was first appointed in 2009.



Candidates and election results

General election

General election for U.S. Senate New York

Incumbent Kirsten Gillibrand defeated Chele Farley in the general election for U.S. Senate New York on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Kirsten_Gillibrand.jpg
Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
 
67.0
 
4,056,931
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/BBA795CE-7F45-4A85-B2A7-193F2BE52247.jpeg
Chele Farley (R)
 
33.0
 
1,998,220

Total votes: 6,055,151
(100.00% precincts reporting)
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Incumbent Kirsten Gillibrand advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate New York.

Republican primary election

The Republican primary election was canceled. Chele Farley advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. Senate New York.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Key votes

Key votes cast by Gillibrand

Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.) cast the following key votes—votes that help citizens understand where their legislators stand on major policy issues—during the 115th Congress, which convened on January 3, 2017, and adjourned on January 3, 2019.

Noteworthy events

Brett Kavanaugh confirmation vote

See also: Supreme Court vacancy, 2018: An overview

On October 6, 2018, the U.S. Senate voted to confirm the nomination of Judge Brett Kavanaugh to the U.S. Supreme Court. Fifty senators voted to confirm Kavanaugh's nomination, 48 voted against, and Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) voted present. A simple majority was required to confirm Kavanaugh.[41]

Gillibrand voted against Kavanaugh's confirmation on October 6, 2018. In a tweet before the vote, she said, "The stakes of the vote on Kavanaugh? Deciding whether we’re a country that listens to and believes women. Each of my colleagues in the Senate needs to determine if women’s voices, traumas and stories matter to them. I’ve made my decision."[42]

Farley stated that she would have voted to confirm Kavanaugh, saying, "The judicial confirmation process is broken. Washington itself is broken. Too many career politicians like Kirsten Gillibrand have placed their personal ambitions ahead of the best interests of our nation. Not advancing Judge Kavanaugh would set a dangerous precedent for future nominees of both parties. It is time to move forward and confirm Judge Kavanaugh."[43]


2016 Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties and Congressional districts intersecting with Pivot Counties

New York features 12 congressional districts that, based on boundaries adopted after the 2010 census, intersected with one or more Pivot Counties. These 206 Pivot Counties voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012.

The 206 Pivot Counties are located in 34 states. Iowa, with 31, had the most such counties. Heading into the 2018 elections, the partisan makeup of the 108 congressional districts intersecting with Pivot Counties was more Republican than the partisan breakdown of the U.S. House. Of the 108 congressional districts that had at least one Pivot County, 63 percent were held by a Republican incumbent, while 55.4 percent of U.S. House seats were won by a Republican in the 2016 elections.[44]

Campaign finance

The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.

Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Kirsten Gillibrand Democratic Party $20,882,387 $12,540,956 $10,315,402 As of December 31, 2018
Chele Farley Republican Party $1,400,440 $1,385,101 $15,338 As of December 31, 2018

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.


Campaign themes

Democratic Party Kirsten Gillibrand

Gillibrand's campaign website stated the following:

An Economy That Rewards Work
Kirsten believes in building an economy that rewards the contributions of its workers and entrepreneurs. To create more good-paying jobs across New York, she is helping our startups and small businesses access opportunity and ensuring more products are stamped "Made in America." To improve the quality of jobs for all Americans, she is fighting for stronger unions, for workers to own a stake in the success of their business, and for a minimum wage that lifts all working families out of poverty.

Supporting Our Working Families
Workplace policies have not kept up with the needs of our changing workforce, harming our middle class. Kirsten believes that we must transform our policies to help meet the needs families face every day. That’s why she is leading fights in the Senate to create a national paid and medical family leave program and to make child care affordable and accessible for all American workers.

Seniors
As a member of the Senate Aging Committee, Kirsten will oppose any efforts to cut the Social Security and Medicare benefits seniors have earned. Kirsten is also focused on ways to create more job opportunities for seniors, stop their exploitation, and help these New Yorkers save for retirement. She firmly opposes all efforts to privatize Social Security and believes in ensuring its solvency for the next generation without raising the retirement age. She is also leading the charge to combat senior fraud by introducing legislation to protect vulnerable citizens from scammers who try to steal personal information and harm them financially.

Protecting The Environment
From addressing the impacts of climate change to ensuring clean air and water for all New Yorkers, protecting our environment for future generations is an important responsibility that we all share. As a member of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, Kirsten advocates to safeguard our natural resources from toxic substances and harmful chemicals, and calls for aggressive action to stem the tide of global climate change.

Women’s Empowerment And Opportunity
When women are given every chance to succeed in the workplace and at home, we're all better off. Kirsten believes that equal pay is key to helping working families. She helped to pass the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, and advocates for passage of the Paycheck Fairness Act to ensure equal pay in America. She’ll continue to fight for policies that will expand opportunity for women across the country, such as increasing funding for women-owned small businesses and supporting women in STEM fields.

Transparency And Accountability
Every American has the right to know how their elected representatives are serving them. As the first member of Congress to post her daily official meetings on her website, and among the first to post federal earmark requests and personal financial disclosures, Kirsten has been committed to transparency throughout her career. She also wrote and secured the passage of the STOCK Act, that provides transparency and ensures that members of Congress play by the same rules as everyone else.

Health Care
It’s simple: Health care should be a basic human right, not a privilege for the few. As Kirsten has traveled across New York State, it’s clear that there’s still much work left to do to ensure high-quality, affordable health care for everyone who needs it—that’s why she supports working toward building a Medicare-For-All health care system in America.

Immigration
America does not just tolerate immigration; it thrives on the contributions of immigrants. Kirsten supports comprehensive immigration reform that gives immigrants a path to earned citizenship; and she will stand up on behalf of the hundreds of thousands of Dreamers who deserve to stay in this country by supporting the DREAM Act.

Defending Those Who Protect Us
Kirsten believes it is our responsibility stand up for brave service members and first responders who protect us every single day. She overcame tough partisan opposition to secure the passage of the Zadroga Act, which provides health care and compensation for 9/11 first responders affected by the toxins at Ground Zero. She advocates for justice for victims of sexual assault in the military by fighting to pass the Military Justice Improvement Act, legislation that would move decision making in sexual assault cases from the military chain of command to trained military prosecutors. She was a strong voice for opening up combat positions to women and is now focused on the recruitment and retention of women in these positions, and setting them up for success. Today, she is leading the fight to allow continued transgender service in the military.

Women’s Health And Reproductive Rights
A woman’s ability to access affordable reproductive health care is a basic right. Kirsten is committed to protecting and defending women's access to the full range of reproductive health care services. She will always push back against the efforts of those who seek to restrict women's reproductive freedom. Her work has earned her a 100% rating from Planned Parenthood and NARAL.

National Security
As the leading Democrat on the Senate Armed Services Personnel Subcommittee, Kirsten works to improve the lives of service members and their families by focusing on issues like mental health and childcare. She advocates to ensure that the U.S. has the resources and personnel needed to protect our country from cyber attacks; she has fought to ensure that federal anti-terrorism funding is prioritized for places, like New York, that bear the greatest threats to our safety and security; she has worked to provide critical tools and funding to our first responders; and she led the fight to pass into law a bill to create a nationwide, broadband network for first responders. Finally, she is committed to ensuring that the U.S. will always stand with Israel, our historic and closest ally in the Middle East—and has long led the effort to ensure support for a joint U.S.-Israeli cooperative missile defense program.

[45]

—Kirsten Gillibrand’s campaign website (2018)[46]

Republican Party Chele Farley

Farley's campaign website stated the following:

Put New York First
New York isn’t getting its fair share under the failed status quo. Each year, Washington politicians take $48 billion more from New York taxpayers than we get back from the federal government. That’s far more than any other state in the country. Career politicians caused this mess. For too long, New Yorkers have been held hostage by career politicians more focused on their own narrow interests than doing what’s right for our state. Meanwhile, here at home we have crumbling roads and bridges, our public transit systems are falling apart and our access to clean water is jeopardized. As a businesswoman and a negotiator, I will fight to put New York First in the United States Senate and ensure we get our fair share of federal funding to rebuild and improve our infrastructure.

Jobs and Taxes
New York is the highest-taxed state in the country. Onerous tax rates and reduced economic opportunities have caused over 1 million people to flee New York State since 2010. What are we getting for the amount we pay in taxes? Crumbling infrastructure and higher property taxes. A bad deal was only made worse by the recent cap on the state and local tax deduction in the federal tax bill. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand’s solution? A new financial transactions tax. This tax would force out more businesses and create even greater job losses. Gillibrand’s refusal to work to recover the $48 billion we lose every year to Washington is an insult to New York taxpayers. As your Senator, I will fight to get the money back and use these funds to help fix our roads and mass transit systems, which will create jobs and lower taxes for New Yorkers.

Term Limits
Washington is broken. Career politicians spend too much time fighting over partisan issues instead of working for the American people and implementing solutions. The answer is to limit the terms of Congress just like we do for the President. I am running for Senate to represent New York families, not to build a political career. I have pledged to the people of New York to only serve two terms.

Standing with Israel
Chele Farley knows the United States has no stronger ally than Israel.

  • Chele Farley had the pleasure of visiting Israel with Young Israel this past May. Ahead of the new U.S. Embassy’s official opening in Jerusalem, she met with Ambassador Friedman.
  • She supported President Trump’s actions to move the embassy and to get out of the flawed Iran Nuclear deal.
  • No state has as close a connection with the people of Israel than New York. As New York’s Senator, Chele will protect and strengthen that bond and stand strong to protect Israel’s security.
  • She strongly supports and would vote for the anti-BDS legislation in Congress.
  • She is exploring tuition vouchers at the federal level.

A Strong Foreign Policy
America must remain a force for freedom around the world. We must continue to work with our allies to increase our economic ties and strengthen global security. However, our nation’s foreign policy must advance America’s interests FIRST. I strongly opposed the Iran Nuclear Deal because it put Iran on a path to obtaining nuclear weapons and threatened our strongest ally, Israel. President Donald Trump is right to open a dialogue with North Korea in an effort to denuclearize the Korean peninsula.

We must also refocus our trade policies by opening up new negotiations with countries to create a fairer deal for the United States. This includes the threat of tariffs as a way to bring countries to the negotiating table. My years of private sector experience taught me how to renegotiate a bad deal, and that’s what too many of our trade deals are – bad for Americans. We need to fight for American workers, American businesses and American interests. As your Senator, I will make sure New York comes FIRST when negotiating these deals.

Opioid Epidemic
Drug overdose deaths – particularly from opioid abuse – have become a national crisis. From 2000 to 2015, more than 500,000 people died of drug overdoses, with the majority coming from opioid-related addiction. In 2016 the Centers for Disease Control documented 64,000 deaths from drug overdoses with over 3,600 of them in New York.

We must get serious about addressing the opioid-addiction epidemic that is plaguing our communities. As your Senator, I will work to combat overprescribing of opioids, work to increase access to longer-term treatment facilities across the state, work to update privacy laws to make sure medical providers know if a person has struggled with opioid addiction when treating them for other ailments, and support the death penalty for drug kingpins who sell lethal heroin.

[45]

—Chele Farley’s campaign website (2018)[47]

Other 2018 statewide elections

See also: States with both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2018

This race took place in one of twenty-two states that held elections for both governor and U.S. Senate in 2018.

A table of where these elections occurred, the names of incumbents prior to the 2018 elections, and links to our coverage of these races can be viewed by clicking "[show]" on the banner below:

Wave election analysis

See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)

The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?

Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.

Applying this definition to U.S. Senate elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose seven seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.

The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 U.S. Senate waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.

U.S. Senate wave elections
Year President Party Election type Senate seats change Senate majority[48]
1932 Hoover R Presidential -13 D (flipped)
1958 Eisenhower R Second midterm -12 D
1946 Truman D First midterm -10 R (flipped)
1980 Carter D Presidential -9 R (flipped)
2014 Obama D Second midterm -9 R (flipped)
1942 Roosevelt D Third midterm -8 D
2008 George W. Bush D Presidential -8 D
1926 Coolidge R First midterm[49] -7 R
1930 Hoover R First midterm -7 R
1986 Reagan R Second midterm -7 D (flipped)

Election history

2016

See also: United States Senate election in New York, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated New York's U.S. Senate race as safely Democratic. Incumbent Chuck Schumer (D) defeated Wendy Long (R), Alex Merced (L), and Robin Laverne Wilson (G) in the general election on November 8, 2016. No candidate faced a primary opponent in June.[50]

U.S. Senate, New York General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngChuck Schumer Incumbent 70.7% 5,182,006
     Republican Wendy Long 27.1% 1,988,261
     Green Robin Wilson 1.5% 112,521
     Libertarian Alex Merced 0.7% 47,666
Total Votes 7,330,454
Source: New York Board of Elections

2012

See also: United States Senate elections in New York, 2012

On November 6, 2012, incumbent Kirsten Gillibrand (D) won re-election to the United States Senate. She defeated Wendy Long (R), Colia Clark (G), Chris Edes (L) and John Mangelli (Common Sense Party) in the general election.

U.S. Senate, New York General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngKirsten Gillibrand Incumbent 72.2% 4,822,330
     Republican Wendy Long 26.3% 1,758,702
     Green Colia Clark 0.6% 42,591
     Libertarian Chris Edes 0.5% 32,002
     CSP John Mangelli 0.3% 22,041
     N/A Write-in votes 0% 2,012
Total Votes 6,679,678
Source: New York State Board of Elections, "NYS Board of Elections U.S. Senator Election Returns November 6, 2012," accessed August 30, 2021

State overview

Partisan control

This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in New York heading into the 2018 elections.

Congressional delegation

State executives

State legislature

  • Democrats controlled both chambers of the New York State Legislature. They had a 104-41 majority in the state Assembly and a 32-31 majority in the state Senate.

Trifecta status

  • New York was a Democratic trifecta, meaning that the Democratic Party controlled the office of the governor, the state House, and the state Senate.

2018 elections

See also: New York elections, 2018

New York held elections for the following positions in 2018:

Demographics

Demographic data for New York
 New YorkU.S.
Total population:19,747,183316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):47,1263,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:64.6%73.6%
Black/African American:15.6%12.6%
Asian:8%5.1%
Native American:0.4%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.9%3%
Hispanic/Latino:18.4%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:85.6%86.7%
College graduation rate:34.2%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$59,269$53,889
Persons below poverty level:18.5%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in New York.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

As of July 2016, New York's three largest cities were New York (pop. est. 8,622,698), Hempstead (pop. est. 774,959), and Brookhaven (pop. est. 486,170).[51][52]

State election history

This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in New York from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the New York State Board of Elections.

Historical elections

Presidential elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the presidential election in New York every year from 2000 to 2016.

Election results (President of the United States), New York 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 59.0% Republican Party Donald Trump 36.5% 22.5%
2012 Democratic Party Barack Obama 63.3% Republican Party Mitt Romney 35.2% 28.1%
2008 Democratic Party Barack Obama 62.9% Republican Party John McCain 36.0% 26.1%
2004 Democratic Party John Kerry 58.4% Republican Party George W. Bush 40.1% 18.3%
2000 Democratic Party Al Gore 60.2% Republican Party George W. Bush 35.2% 25.0%

U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in New York from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.

Election results (U.S. Senator), New York 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Democratic Party Chuck Schumer 70.7% Republican Party Wendy Long 27.1% 43.6%
2012 Democratic Party Kirsten Gillibrand 67.6% Republican Party Wendy Long 24.7% 42.9%
2010 Democratic Party Chuck Schumer 64.0% Republican Party Jay Townsend 31.1% 32.9%
2008 Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 67.0% Republican Party John Spencer 31.0% 36.0%
2004 Democratic Party Chuck Schumer 71.2% Republican Party Howard Mills 24.2% 47.0%
2000 Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 55.3% Republican Party Rick Lazio 43.0% 22.3%

Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in New York.

Election results (Governor), New York 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Democratic Party Andrew Cuomo 50.3% Republican Party Rob Astorino 40.3% 10.0%
2010 Democratic Party Andrew Cuomo 61.0% Republican Party Carl Paladino 32.5% 28.5%
2006 Democratic Party Eliot Spitzer 65.3% Republican Party John Faso 27.1% 38.2%
2002 Republican Party George Pataki 49.4% Democratic Party Carl McCall 33.5% 15.9%

Congressional delegation, 2000-2016

This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent New York in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.

Congressional delegation, New York 2000-2016
Year Republicans Republicans (%) Democrats Democrats (%) Balance of power
2016 Republican Party 9 33.3% Democratic Party 18 66.7% D+7
2014 Republican Party 9 33.3% Democratic Party 18 66.7% D+7
2012 Republican Party 6 22.2% Democratic Party 21 77.8% D+15
2010 Republican Party 8 27.6% Democratic Party 21 72.4% D+13
2008 Republican Party 3 10.3% Democratic Party 26 89.6% D+23
2006 Republican Party 6 20.7% Democratic Party 23 79.3% D+17
2004 Republican Party 9 31.0% Democratic Party 20 69.0% D+9
2002 Republican Party 10 34.5% Democratic Party 19 65.5% D+9
2000 Republican Party 12 38.7% Democratic Party 19 61.3% D+7

Trifectas, 1992-2017

A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.

New York Party Control: 1992-2024
Eight years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D R R R R R R R R D D D D D D
Assembly D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D



See also


Footnotes

  1. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
  2. Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
  3. Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
  4. Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
  5. Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
  6. Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
  7. Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
  8. Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
  9. Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
  10. Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
  11. Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
  12. Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
  13. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
  14. Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
  15. U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
  16. U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
  17. U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
  18. U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
  19. Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
  20. Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
  21. Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
  22. Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
  23. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
  24. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
  25. Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
  26. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
  27. Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
  28. Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
  29. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
  30. Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
  31. Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
  32. Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
  33. Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
  34. Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
  35. U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
  36. Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
  37. Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
  38. The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
  39. Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
  40. Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
  41. New York Times, "Kavanaugh Is Sworn In After Close Confirmation Vote in Senate Video," October 6, 2018
  42. National Review, "Gillibrand: Kavanaugh Confirmation Vote Is about Whether ‘Women’s Voices’ ‘Matter’," October 3, 2018
  43. Chele Farley for U.S. Senate, "Farley: Time to Move Forward and Confirm Judge Kavanaugh," September 28, 2018
  44. The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  45. 45.0 45.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  46. Kirsten Gillibrand’s campaign website, “Our Values,” accessed November 1, 2018
  47. Chele Farley’s campaign website, “Issues,” accessed November 1, 2018
  48. Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. House following the election.
  49. Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.
  50. New York State Board of Elections, "Filings received for the 2016 Primary Election," accessed May 9, 2016
  51. New York Demographics, "New York Cities by Population," accessed September 4, 2018
  52. U.S. Census Bureau, "Quickfacts New York," accessed September 4, 2018



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