United States Senate election in Rhode Island, 2018

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General election
General election for U.S. Senate Rhode Island

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Sheldon_Whitehouse_113th_Congress.jpg
Sheldon Whitehouse (D)
 
61.4
 
231,477
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Bob_Flanders.jpg
Robert Flanders Jr. (R)
 
38.3
 
144,421
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.2
 
840

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 376,738
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates


2020 →
← 2014
U.S. Senate, Rhode Island
Ballotpedia Election Coverage Badge.png
Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: June 27, 2018
Primary: September 12, 2018
General: November 6, 2018
Pre-election incumbent:
Sheldon Whitehouse (Democrat)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Voting in Rhode Island
Race ratings
Cook Political Report: Solid Democratic
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Safe Democratic
Inside Elections: Solid Democratic
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
See also
U.S. Senate, Rhode Island
U.S. Senate • 1st • 2nd
Rhode Island elections, 2018
U.S. Congress elections, 2018
U.S. Senate elections, 2018
U.S. House elections, 2018

Voters in Rhode Island elected one member to the U.S. Senate in the election on November 6, 2018.

The election filled the Class 1 Senate seat held by Sheldon Whitehouse (D). He was first elected in 2006.





Candidates and election results

See also: Statistics on U.S. Congress candidates, 2018

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Rhode Island

Incumbent Sheldon Whitehouse defeated Robert Flanders Jr. in the general election for U.S. Senate Rhode Island on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Sheldon_Whitehouse_113th_Congress.jpg
Sheldon Whitehouse (D)
 
61.4
 
231,477
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Bob_Flanders.jpg
Robert Flanders Jr. (R)
 
38.3
 
144,421
 Other/Write-in votes
 
0.2
 
840

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 376,738
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Rhode Island

Incumbent Sheldon Whitehouse defeated Patricia Fontes in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Rhode Island on September 12, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Sheldon_Whitehouse_113th_Congress.jpg
Sheldon Whitehouse
 
76.8
 
89,140
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/file1-2.jpeg
Patricia Fontes
 
23.2
 
26,947

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 116,087
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. Senate Rhode Island

Robert Flanders Jr. defeated Roque De La Fuente in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Rhode Island on September 12, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Bob_Flanders.jpg
Robert Flanders Jr.
 
87.7
 
26,543
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/RoqueDeLaFuente.jpg
Roque De La Fuente
 
12.3
 
3,722

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 30,265
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Key votes

Key votes cast by Whitehouse

Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.) cast the following key votes—votes that help citizens understand where their legislators stand on major policy issues—during the 115th Congress, which convened on January 3, 2017, and adjourned on January 3, 2019.

Noteworthy events

Brett Kavanaugh confirmation vote

See also: Supreme Court vacancy, 2018: An overview

On October 6, 2018, the U.S. Senate voted to confirm the nomination of Judge Brett Kavanaugh to the U.S. Supreme Court. Fifty senators voted to confirm Kavanaugh's nomination, 48 voted against, and Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) voted present. A simple majority was required to confirm Kavanaugh.[41]

Sen. Whitehouse voted against Kavanaugh confirmation on October 6, 2018. He said in a statement that Kavanaugh "holds a narrow view of constitutional protections for women, a troubling affinity for dark money, and a worrying disregard for precedent and important judicial principles. Also, he sides – nine times out of ten – with big Republican corporate and special interests over regular Americans. ... Then came credible allegations of sexual assault against Judge Kavanaugh. ... We then learned the true measure of Kavanaugh. His bitter, partisan conspiracy theories ought to disqualify any nominee to the bench, let alone to the highest court in the land."[42]

Flanders criticized Whitehouse's questioning of Kavanaugh during a hearing regarding sexual misconduct allegations one week prior to the confirmation vote. On October 6, Flanders said, "I'm here to charge Rhode Island Senator Sheldon Whitehouse with abusing his seat on the Senate Judiciary Committee and with disgracing that seat through his actions and statements throughout the tumultuous Kavanagh hearings."[43]

2016 Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties and Congressional districts intersecting with Pivot Counties

Rhode Island featured one congressional district that intersects with one or more Pivot Counties. These 206 Pivot Counties voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012.

The 206 Pivot Counties were located in 34 states. Iowa, with 31, had the most such counties. The partisan makeup of the 108 congressional districts intersecting with Pivot Counties was more Republican than the partisan breakdown of the U.S. House. Of the 108 congressional districts that had at least one Pivot County, 63 percent were held by a Republican incumbent, while 55.4 percent of U.S. House seats were won by a Republican in the 2016 elections.[44]

Campaign finance

The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.

Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Sheldon Whitehouse Democratic Party $6,734,750 $6,783,166 $768,760 As of December 31, 2018
Robert Flanders Jr. Republican Party $1,211,500 $1,211,223 $0 As of December 31, 2018

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.


Campaign themes

Democratic Party Sheldon Whitehouse

Whitehouse's campaign website stated the following:

“

Protecting Social Security & Medicare
Republicans have indicated that they’d like to pay off the growing deficit they created giving tax cuts to billionaires by cutting Social Security and Medicare. This issue is so important to me that I co-founded a caucus solely focused on banding together to defend Social Security. Let me be clear: I will fight with every available tool any attempt to roll back or slim down the Social Security and Medicare benefits that seniors have earned and paid for over a lifetime of hard work.

Lowering Health Care Costs
In the wealthiest country in the world, there is no reason why every single Rhode Islander shouldn’t be able to get high-quality health care at a price they can afford. I’m laser-focused on bringing down health care costs – especially the prices of prescription drugs – and improving the quality of care. I will continue to defend the Affordable Care Act from Republicans’ attempts to take us back to the days when people could be denied health insurance because of a pre-existing condition and insurers could limit the amount of care patients receive or charge women more for the same coverage. We need to defend women’s rights to make their own family planning decisions and build on the gains of the Affordable Care Act, whether through Medicare for All or the public health insurance option I originally sponsored almost a decade ago, to get every American the health care they need.

Creating Good Jobs, Rebuilding Infrastructure, & Supporting Small Businesses
Building an economy that works for the middle class and creating good, family-supporting jobs are among my top priorities. While corporations post record profits, too many Rhode Islanders are struggling to make ends meet and worry about whether their children will have the same opportunities they had. I’m fighting to restore fairness to the tax code, protect unions, and make sure women are paid fairly. I have advocated on behalf of the local manufacturing industry to ensure Rhode Island employers can continue to thrive and support good-paying jobs.

I’ve helped bring millions of federal dollars back to Rhode Island to create construction jobs and invest our roads, bridges, and ports. I created a fund to help communities near the ocean meet the unique challenges facing coastal infrastructure. And I’m calling for bipartisan action on a $1 trillion investment in our national infrastructure to help American companies compete in the global economy.

Preventing & Treating Addiction
I’ve made it my mission in the Senate to help end the opioid addiction crisis that has afflicted far too many Rhode Island families from every walk of life. The bipartisan Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act I wrote with Senator Rob Portman (R-OH) is the most far-reaching and effective law ever passed to address addiction in America. We’re continuing the progress we’ve made with proposals to increase support for the babies born addicted to opioids, and to hold big pharmaceutical companies accountable for the harm they’ve caused.

Standing Up to Special Interests
We need to root out corporate special interest influence from our government and restore power to ordinary Americans. I’m leading the charge in the Senate for stronger campaign finance laws that would prevent the anonymous dark money spending enabled by the disastrous Citizens United decision from drowning out the voices of American voters.

Protecting the Environment
We see firsthand the effects of increasingly extreme storms and rising sea levels on our coastal economy and way of life in the Ocean State. I’m working to hasten America’s transition to a clean energy economy so we can leave this planet a better, safer place for our children and grandchildren. I founded the bipartisan Senate Oceans Caucus to protect natural resources like Narragansett Bay.

I’ve authored legislation that would put a price on carbon pollution, reducing the emissions that drive climate change and returning all the money collected back to the American people. Democrats and Republicans who are serious about tackling climate change agree that a system like the one I’ve proposed is our best bet for curbing carbon pollution.

Fixing Our Immigration System & Ensuring Justice
Each wave of hardworking immigrants who settled in Rhode Island since Roger Williams has made our communities stronger and more prosperous. We need comprehensive immigration reform that brings undocumented workers out of the shadows so they can become law-abiding, tax-paying residents; strengthens border security in a way that is reasonable and humane; and allows businesses to grow and create jobs. We need to give Dreamers, who entered this country as children the stability to continue to thrive here. I helped craft the bipartisan immigration reform that the Senate passed in 2013, which Republican leadership in the House refused to consider. Congress needs to get back to work finding a bipartisan path forward.

It is long past time for Congress to enact common sense gun safety measures like universal background checks and renewing a ban on military-style assault weapons. I’m going to keep fighting for those changes until we’ve eliminated the scourge of senseless gun violence in America. I’ve also been working with colleagues across the aisle to pass much-needed reforms to our criminal justice system.

Creating Opportunity Through Education
The American Dream rests on the promise that every child, regardless of the zip code where they were born, can get a first-rate education and work hard in a career of their choosing. That’s why I’ve been focused on improving our public schools, making higher education more affordable, and reducing the student debt burden on graduates who have dedicated their careers to serving others. I helped rewrite the law governing K-12 education to increase support for middle school students, promote school innovation, and expand after-school programs.

Supporting Veterans
We can never fully repay the debt of gratitude we owe to the servicemembers and military families who have sacrificed so much for our nation. I am working hard to ensure our troops have everything they need to come back safe, and that there’s a place to call home, a job, and excellent health care here for them when they return.

[45]

”
—Sheldon Whitehouse’s campaign website (2018)[46]

Republican Party Robert Flanders Jr.

Flanders' campaign website stated the following:

“

[45]

”
—Bob Flanders’ campaign website (2018)[47]

Other 2018 statewide elections

See also: States with both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2018

This race took place in one of twenty-two states that held elections for both governor and U.S. Senate in 2018.

A table of where these elections occurred, the names of incumbents prior to the 2018 elections, and links to our coverage of these races can be viewed by clicking "[show]" on the banner below:

Wave election analysis

See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)

The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?

Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.

Applying this definition to U.S. Senate elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose seven seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.

The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 U.S. Senate waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.

U.S. Senate wave elections
Year President Party Election type Senate seats change Senate majority[48]
1932 Hoover R Presidential -13 D (flipped)
1958 Eisenhower R Second midterm -12 D
1946 Truman D First midterm -10 R (flipped)
1980 Carter D Presidential -9 R (flipped)
2014 Obama D Second midterm -9 R (flipped)
1942 Roosevelt D Third midterm -8 D
2008 George W. Bush D Presidential -8 D
1926 Coolidge R First midterm[49] -7 R
1930 Hoover R First midterm -7 R
1986 Reagan R Second midterm -7 D (flipped)

Election history

2014

U.S. Senate, Rhode Island General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngJack Reed Incumbent 70.6% 223,675
     Republican Mark Zaccaria 29.2% 92,684
     N/A Write-in 0.2% 539
Total Votes 316,898
Source: Rhode Island Board of Elections

2012

U.S. Senate, Rhode Island General Election, 2012
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngSheldon Whitehouse Incumbent 64.8% 271,034
     Republican B. Barrett Hinckley, III 35% 146,222
     Write-in N/A 0.2% 933
Total Votes 418,189
Source: Rhode Island Board of Elections "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

State overview

Partisan control

This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in Rhode Island heading into the 2018 elections.

Congressional delegation

State executives

State legislature

  • Democrats controlled both chambers of the Rhode Island General Assembly. They had a 64-11 majority in the state House and a 33-4 majority in the state Senate.

Trifecta status

  • Rhode Island was under a Democratic state government trifecta, meaning Democrats held the governorship, a majority in the state senate, and a majority in the state house.

2018 elections

See also: Rhode Island elections, 2018

Rhode Island held elections for the following positions in 2018:

Demographics

Demographic data for Rhode Island
 Rhode IslandU.S.
Total population:1,055,607316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):1,0343,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:81.1%73.6%
Black/African American:6.5%12.6%
Asian:3.2%5.1%
Native American:0.5%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.8%3%
Hispanic/Latino:13.6%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:86.2%86.7%
College graduation rate:31.9%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$56,852$53,889
Persons below poverty level:17.3%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in Rhode Island.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

As of July 2016, Rhode Island's three largest cities were Providence (pop. est. 180,000), Cranston (pop. est. 81,000), and Warwick (pop. est. 81,000).[50]

State election history

This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in Rhode Island from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the Rhode Island State Board of Elections.

Historical elections

Presidential elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the presidential election in Rhode Island every year from 2000 to 2016.

Election results (President of the United States), Rhode Island 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 54.4% Republican Party Donald Trump 38.9% 15.5%
2012 Democratic Party Barack Obama 62.7% Republican Party Mitt Romney 35.2% 27.5%
2008 Democratic Party Barack Obama 62.9% Republican Party John McCain 35.1% 27.8%
2004 Democratic Party John Kerry 59.4% Republican Party George W. Bush 38.7% 20.7%
2000 Democratic Party Al Gore 61.0% Republican Party George W. Bush 31.9% 29.1%

U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in Rhode Island from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.

Election results (U.S. Senator), Rhode Island 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Democratic Party John Reed 70.6% Republican Party Mark Zaccaria 29.3% 41.3%
2012 Democratic Party Sheldon Whitehouse 64.8% Republican Party Barry Hinckley 35.0% 29.8%
2008 Democratic Party John Reed 73.1% Republican Party Bob Tingle 26.5% 46.6%
2006 Democratic Party Sheldon Whitehouse 53.4% Republican Party Lincoln Chafee 46.3% 7.1%
2002 Democratic Party John Reed 78.4% Republican Party Bob Tingle 21.6% 56.8%
2000 Republican Party Lincoln Chafee 56.9% Democratic Party Robert Weygand 41.2% 15.7%

Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in Rhode Island.

Election results (Governor), Rhode Island 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Democratic Party Gina Raimondo 40.7% Republican Party Allan Fung 36.2% 4.5%
2010 Grey.png Lincoln Chafee 36.1% Republican Party John Robitaille 33.6% 2.5%
2006 Republican Party Don Carcieri 51.0% Democratic Party Charles Forgerty 48.9% 2.1%
2002 Republican Party Don Carcieri 54.8% Democratic Party Myrth York 45.2% 9.6%

Congressional delegation, 2000-2016

This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent Rhode Island in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.

Congressional delegation, Rhode Island 2000-2016
Year Republicans Republicans (%) Democrats Democrats (%) Balance of power
2016 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2014 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2012 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2010 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2008 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2006 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2004 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2002 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2
2000 Democratic Party 2 100.0% Democratic Party 0 0.0% D+2

Trifectas, 1992-2017

A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.

Rhode Island Party Control: 1992-2024
Fifteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Governor D D D R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R I I D D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D


See also


Footnotes

  1. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
  2. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
  3. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
  4. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
  5. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
  6. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
  7. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
  8. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
  9. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
  10. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
  11. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
  12. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
  13. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
  14. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
  15. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
  16. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
  17. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
  18. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
  19. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
  20. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
  21. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
  22. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
  23. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
  24. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
  25. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
  26. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
  27. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
  28. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
  29. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
  30. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
  31. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
  32. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
  33. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
  34. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
  35. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
  36. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
  37. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
  38. ↑ The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
  39. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
  40. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
  41. ↑ New York Times, "Kavanaugh Is Sworn In After Close Confirmation Vote in Senate Video," October 6, 2018
  42. ↑ United States Senate, Sheldon Whitehouse, "Whitehouse Statement on Kavanaugh," October 6, 2018
  43. ↑ WPRI, "RI delegation reacts to Kavanaugh confirmation," October 8, 2018
  44. ↑ The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
  46. ↑ Sheldon Whitehouse’s campaign website, “Priorities,” accessed November 1, 2018
  47. ↑ Bob Flanders’ campaign website, “Issues,” accessed November 1, 2018
  48. ↑ Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. House following the election.
  49. ↑ Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.
  50. ↑ Rhode Island Demographics, "Rhode Island Cities by Population," accessed September 8, 2018
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Rhode Island's current delegation to the United States Congress
Senators
Jack Reed (D)
Sheldon Whitehouse (D)
Representatives
District 1
Gabe Amo (D)
District 2
Democratic Party (4)

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