Status of redistricting after the 2020 census
Redistricting is the process of enacting new district boundaries for elected offices, particularly for offices in the U.S. House of Representatives and state legislatures.
All U.S. House members and state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. The states redraw district lines every 10 years following the completion of the U.S. census. The federal government requires the districts resulting from this process to have nearly equal populations and not cause racial or ethnic voting discrimination.[1]
Every state redrew its district lines before the 2022 election cycle. However, several states were required to revisit the congressional and/or legislative maps they adopted before 2022 either due to a court order or to comply with specific legal and constitutional provisions. For comparison, four states revisited their redistricting process and adopted new congressional maps after the 2012 election cycle. In addition, twelve states adopted new legislative maps after 2012.
This page provides details about the states where the redistricting process was revisited after 2022. The states included here have either enacted new maps since 2022 or they are still engaged in active redistricting litigation, making their maps subject to change before the 2024 election.
See the sections below for further information regarding the following states:
- Congressional redistricting
- New maps enacted after the 2022 elections:
- Maps subject to change due to active litigation:
- Legislative redistricting
- New maps enacted after the 2022 elections:
- Maps subject to change due to active litigation:
Status of congressional redistricting
As of March 2024, the following states were still engaged in the congressional redistricting process due to ongoing litigation.
Ohio
On March 2, 2022, the Ohio Redistricting Commission approved a redrawn congressional map in a 5-2 vote along party lines, meaning the map lasted for four years.[2] On March 18, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction to overturn the map before the state's primary elections as part of the legal challenge that overturned the initial congressional map.[3] This map took effect for Ohio's 2022 congressional elections.
Utah
Utah enacted new congressional districts on November 12, 2021, after Gov. Spencer Cox (R) signed a map proposal approved by the House and the Senate. The enacted map was drafted by the legislature and differed from a proposal the Utah Independent Redistricting Commission released on November 5, 2021.[4] The congressional map passed the Utah House 50-22 on November 9, 2021, with five Republicans and all Democratic House members voting against it. The Senate approved the map on November 10, 2021, in a 21-7 vote. Before signing the congressional map, Cox said he would not veto any maps approved by the legislature, as “The Legislature is fully within their rights to actually make those decisions and decide where they want to draw those lines."[5] This map took effect for Utah's 2022 congressional elections.
Status of state legislative redistricting
As of March 2024, the following states were still engaged in the legislative redistricting process due to ongoing litigation.
Louisiana
On February 8, 2024, the U.S. District Court for Middle Louisiana struck down the state's legislative maps and declared them to be in violation of the Voting Rights Act.[6][7] According to the ruling, the court found the following:
| “ | [T]he Enacted State House and Senate Maps crack or pack large and geographically compact minority populations such as Black voters in the challenged districts 'have less opportunity than other members of the electorate to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice,' and the Illustrative Plan offered by the Plaintiffs show that additional opportunity districts can be 'reasonable configured.'[7][8] | ” |
Michigan
On March 27, 2024, the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan approved new state House district boundaries drawn by the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission (MICRC) for use in the 2024 elections. According to the court order:
| “ | On December 21, 2023, we unanimously held that the Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution when it drew the boudaries of thirteen state-legislative districts--seven House districts, and six Senate--predominantly on the basis of race. We therefore enjoined the Michigan Secretary of State, Jocelyn Bension, from holding further elections in those ditricts as they are currently drawn. ... The Commission has now submitted a revised House plan, to which the plaintiffs have submitted several objections. We have reviewed the record before us and now overrule those objections.[9][8] | ” |
The MICRC voted 10-3 on February 28, 2024, to adopt the new state House map known as “Motown Sound FC E1."
Michigan's state Senate map was also struck down on December 21, 2023. New state Senate district boundaries are still being redrawn.
Tennessee
On November 22, 2023, the Davidson County Chancery Court struck down the state senate map, declaring it unconstitutional. The court ordered the state to create a new state senate map by January 31, 2024.[10]
On April 13, 2022, the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed a ruling by the Davidson County Chancery Court on April 6 blocking the same state senate map.[11] Three individuals filed the original lawsuit on February 23, saying the state's legislative maps violated the Tennessee constitution by non-consecutively numbering Senate districts in Davidson County. The state filed a motion to appeal on April 7 with the Tennessee Court of Appeals.[12]
Timeline of initial map enactments, 2021-2022
The table and charts below shows enactment dates for the initial congressional and legislative maps enacted in U.S. states after the 2020 census. These maps were in place for the 2022 election cycle.
| Enactment dates for original district maps, 2020 cycle | ||
|---|---|---|
| State | Congressional | State legislative |
| Alabama | July 31, 2023[13] | November 4, 2021 |
| Alaska | N/A | House: November 10, 2021 Senate: May 24, 2022[14] |
| Arizona | January 24, 2022 | January 24, 2022 |
| Arkansas | January 14, 2022 | December 29, 2021 |
| California | December 27, 2021 | December 27, 2021 |
| Colorado | November 1, 2021 | November 15, 2021 |
| Connecticut | February 10, 2022 | House: November 18, 2021 Senate: November 23, 2021 |
| Delaware | N/A | November 2, 2021 |
| Florida | April 22, 2022[15] | March 3, 2022 |
| Georgia | December 30, 2021 | December 30, 2021 |
| Hawaii | January 28, 2022 | January 28, 2022 |
| Idaho | November 12, 2021 | November 12, 2021 |
| Illinois | November 24, 2021 | September 24, 2021 |
| Indiana | October 4, 2021 | October 4, 2021 |
| Iowa | November 4, 2021 | November 4, 2021 |
| Kansas | February 9, 2022[16] | May 18, 2022[17] |
| Kentucky | January 20, 2022 | House: January 20, 2022 Senate: January 21, 2022 |
| Louisiana | March 30, 2022[18] | March 14, 2022 |
| Maine | September 29, 2021 | September 29, 2021 |
| Maryland | April 4, 2022[19] | January 27, 2022 |
| Massachusetts | November 22, 2021 | November 4, 2021 |
| Michigan | March 26, 2022[20] | March 26, 2022[21] |
| Minnesota | February 15, 2022 | February 15, 2022 |
| Mississippi | January 24, 2022 | March 31, 2022 |
| Missouri | May 18, 2022 | House: January 19, 2022 Senate: March 15, 2022 |
| Montana | November 12, 2021 | February 22, 2023 |
| Nebraska | September 30, 2021 | September 30, 2021 |
| Nevada | November 16, 2021 | November 16, 2021 |
| New Hampshire | May 31, 2022 | House: March 23, 2022 Senate: May 6, 2022 |
| New Jersey | December 22, 2021 | February 18, 2022 |
| New Mexico | December 17, 2021 | House: December 29, 2021 Senate: January 6, 2022 |
| New York | May 20, 2022[22] | House: April 21, 2022[23] Senate: May 20, 2022[24] |
| North Carolina | ---[25] | ---[26] |
| North Dakota | N/A | November 11, 2021 |
| Ohio | March 2, 2022[27] | May 28, 2022[28] |
| Oklahoma | November 22, 2021 | November 22, 2021 |
| Oregon | September 27, 2021 | September 27, 2021 |
| Pennsylvania | February 23, 2022 | February 4, 2022 |
| Rhode Island | February 16, 2022 | February 16, 2022 |
| South Carolina | January 27, 2022 | December 10, 2021 |
| South Dakota | N/A | November 10, 2021 |
| Tennessee | February 6, 2022 | February 6, 2022[29] |
| Texas | October 25, 2021 | October 25, 2021 |
| Utah | November 12, 2021 | November 16, 2021 |
| Vermont | N/A | April 6, 2022 |
| Virginia | December 28, 2021 | December 28, 2021 |
| Washington | February 8, 2022 | February 8, 2022 |
| West Virginia | October 22, 2021 | October 22, 2021 |
| Wisconsin | March 3, 2022 | April 15, 2022[30] |
| Wyoming | N/A | March 25, 2022 |
Comparison of enactment dates for initial maps after the 2010 and 2020 censuses
The charts below compare the enactment dates for initial congressional and legislative maps after the 2010 and 2020 censuses. These maps were in place for the 2012 and 2022 elections.
See also
- Partisan composition of redistricting committees, 2020 cycle
- Redistricting lawsuits in the 2020 redistricting cycle
- State legislative and congressional redistricting after the 2020 census
- Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census
- State legislative district maps implemented after the 2020 census
External links
- All About Redistricting
- Dave's Redistricting
- FiveThirtyEight, "What Redistricting Looks Like In Every State"
- National Conference of State Legislatures, "Redistricting Process"
- FairVote, "Redistricting"
Footnotes
- ↑ All About Redistricting, "Why does it matter?" accessed February 15, 2024
- ↑ Dayton Daily News, "Ohio Redistricting Commission approves new U.S. House map on another party-line vote," March 2, 2022
- ↑ 13ABC, "Ohio Supreme Court makes final judgement on Congressional map challenges," March 18, 2022
- ↑ Deseret News, "Utah Gov. Spencer Cox signs off on controversial congressional map that ‘cracks’ Salt Lake County," November 12, 2021
- ↑ Deseret News, "Utah redistricting: Congressional map splitting Salt Lake County 4 ways heads to Gov. Spencer Cox," November 10, 2021
- ↑ NOLA.com. "Louisiana must redraw its legislative districts, federal judge rules. Here's why." February 8, 2024
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Twitter. "RedistrictNet," February 8, 2024
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ Michigan Advance, "Court approves new Michigan House district map," March 28, 2024
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Judges rule Tennessee Senate map unconstitutional, order legislature to redraw by Jan. 31," November 22, 2023
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Gov. Bill Lee signs redistricting bills dividing Davidson County into three congressional districts," February 7, 2022
- ↑ The Tennessean, "Tennessee appeals redistricting ruling after judges block Senate map," April 7, 2021
- ↑ Alabama enacted revised congressional district boundaries after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 8, 2023, that the state's congressional redistricting plan adopted on November 4, 2021, violated the Voting Rights Act and must be redrawn to include a second majority-black district.
- ↑ Initial map enactment took place on November 10, 2021. Overturned twice by court action.
- ↑ Initial map enactment took place on April 22, 2022. Overturned by court action on May 11, 2022. An appeals court reinstated the map on May 20, 2022.
- ↑ A district court judge in Kansas overturned the state's congressional map on April 25, 2022. The state supreme court overturned that ruling on May 18, 2022.
- ↑ Date map approved by state supreme court.
- ↑ Louisiana enacted congressional district boundaries on March 30, 2022. A federal district court overturned that map on June 6, 2022. The U.S. Supreme Court stayed that ruling on June 28, 2022.
- ↑ Initial congressional map enactment took place on December 9, 2021. That map was overturned by court action on March 25, 2022.
- ↑ Redistricting boundaries became law on this date. The Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission approved the state’s congressional map on Dec. 28, 2021.
- ↑ Redistricting boundaries became law on this date. The Michigan Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission approved legislative maps on Dec. 28, 2021.
- ↑ Initial congressional map enactment took place on February 3, 2022. The original map was overturned by court action on March 31.
- ↑ New York enacted new State Assembly district boundaries on April 24, 2023, in response to a June 2022 court order. The original districts were used for the 2022 elections and the new districts will be used for state Assembly elections starting in 2024.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on February 3, 2022. The original maps were overturned by court action on March 31. An appeals court reinstated the legislative maps on April 21. The New York Court of Appeals, the state's highest court, ruled to overturn the state senate map on April 27.
- ↑ Initial congressional map enactment took place on November 4, 2021. The original map was overturned by court action on February 4, 2022. On April 28, 2023, the North Carolina Supreme Court overturned their February 2022 decision voiding the state's enacted congressional maps and vacated the boundaries the legislature enacted in 2021 and the remedial maps used for the 2022 elections.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on November 4, 2021. The original map was overturned by court action on February 4, 2022. On April 28, 2023, the North Carolina Supreme Court overturned their February 2022 decision voiding the state's enacted legislative maps and vacated the boundaries the legislature enacted in 2021 and the remedial maps used for the 2022 elections.
- ↑ Initial congressional map enactment took place on November 20, 2021. The initial map was overturned by court action on January 14, 2022. On March 18, the Ohio Supreme Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction within the original legal challenge to further rule on the redrawn map.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on September 16, 2021. The initial maps were overturned by court action on January 12, 2022. A federal court enacted legislative maps for the 2022 elections on May 28.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on February 6, 2022. The state's Senate map was overturned by court action on April 6, 2022, and the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed this decision on April 13, 2022.
- ↑ Initial legislative map enactment took place on March 3, 2022. The initial maps were overturned by court action on March 23, 2022. The Wisconsin Supreme Court adopted state legislative district maps on April 15, 2022.