Massachusetts State Senate elections, 2018

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2018 Massachusetts
Senate elections
Flag of Massachusetts.png
GeneralNovember 6, 2018
PrimarySeptember 4, 2018
Past election results
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Democrats held their veto-proof majority in the 2018 elections for Massachusetts State Senate, winning 34 seats to Republicans' 6 seats. All 40 Senate seats were up for election. At the time of the election, Democrats held a 31-7 majority with two seats vacant.

Following the 2018 election, Massachusetts continued to be under divided government with incumbent Charles D. Baker (R) winning the governor's office and Democrats maintaining control of both chambers of the state legislature.

The Massachusetts State Senate was one of 87 state legislative chambers holding elections in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.

Massachusetts state senators serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years.


HIGHLIGHTS
  • Democrats maintained their 34-6 majority in the 2016 elections. As of June 2017, Democrats held 34 seats, seven more than the 27 seats required to override a gubernatorial veto. Republicans needed to flip eight seats in 2018 to break up the Democrats' veto-proof majority in the Senate.
  • The Democratic Party had a chance at forming a trifecta by holding the state House and Senate while flipping the governor's mansion. Governing.com rated Gov. Charles Baker (R) as "potentially vulnerable" in Massachusetts' 2018 gubernatorial election.[1] In 2014, Baker was elected with a margin of victory of 1.9 percent.
  • Massachusetts came under divided government when it elected Gov. Baker (R) in the 2014 gubernatorial election. From 2007 to 2014, Democrats had trifecta control, meaning they held both legislative chambers and the governor's mansion. Prior to the November 2018 election, Massachusetts was one of 16 states under divided government and not one of the 34 state government trifectas. Click here to read more about trifectas.
  • Post-election analysis

    See also: State legislative elections, 2018

    The Democratic Party maintained supermajority status in both chambers of the Massachusetts General Court in the 2018 election. In the state Senate, all 40 seats were up for election. Democrats increased their supermajority in the Massachusetts State Senate from 31-7 to 34-6. Two seats were vacant before the election. One Republican incumbent was defeated in the general election.

    The Massachusetts House of Representatives held elections for all 160 seats. The Democrats increased their supermajority in the House of Representatives. Before the election, Democrats held 117 seats, Republicans held 34 seats, independents held two seats, and seven seats were vacant. Following the election, Democrats held 127 seats, Republicans held 32 seats, and an independent held one seat. Three Democratic incumbents were defeated in the primary. Two incumbents were defeated in the general election; one Republican and one independent.

    National background

    On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 6,073 of 7,383 total seats, meaning that nearly 82 percent of all state legislative seats were up for election.

    • Entering the 2018 election, Democrats held 42.6 percent, Republicans held 56.8 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.6 percent of the seats up for regular election.
    • Following the 2018 election, Democrats held 47.3 percent, Republicans held 52.3 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.4 percent of the seats up for regular election.
    • A total of 469 incumbents were defeated over the course of the election cycle, with roughly one-third of them defeated in the primary.

    Want more information?

    Candidates

    See also: Statistics on state legislative candidates, 2018

    General election candidates

    Massachusetts State Senate General Election 2018

    • Incumbents are marked with an (i) after their name.
    • Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
    Office Democratic Party Democratic Republican Party Republican Other
    1st Bristol and Plymouth District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Rodrigues (i)

    1st Essex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngDiana DiZoglio

    Alexander Leighton Williams

    1st Essex and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngBruce Tarr (i)

    1st Hampden and Hampshire District

    Green check mark transparent.pngEric Lesser (i)

    1st Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngEdward Kennedy

    John MacDonald

    1st Middlesex and Norfolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngCynthia Stone Creem (i)

    1st Plymouth and Bristol District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMarc Pacheco (i)

    1st Suffolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngNick Collins (i)

    1st Suffolk and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJoseph Boncore (i)

    1st Worcester District

    Green check mark transparent.pngHarriette Chandler (i)

    2nd Bristol and Plymouth District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMark Montigny (i)

    2nd Essex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJoan Lovely (i)

    2nd Essex and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngBarry Finegold

    Joseph Espinola III

    2nd Hampden and Hampshire District

    Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Humason Jr. (i)

    2nd Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngPatricia D. Jehlen (i)

    2nd Middlesex and Norfolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngKaren Spilka (i)

    2nd Plymouth and Bristol District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Brady (i)

    Scott Hall

    2nd Suffolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngSonia Chang-Diaz (i)

    2nd Suffolk and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngWilliam Brownsberger (i)

    2nd Worcester District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Moore (i)

    3rd Essex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngBrendan Crighton (i)

    3rd Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMike Barrett (i)

    4th Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngCindy Friedman (i)

    5th Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJason Lewis (i)

    Erin Calvo-Bacci

    Berkshire, Hampshire, Franklin, and Hampden District

    Green check mark transparent.pngAdam Hinds (i)

    Bristol and Norfolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngPaul Feeney (i)

    Jacob Ventura

    Cape and Islands District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJulian Andre Cyr (i)

    John Flores

    Hampden District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJames Welch (i)

    Hampshire, Franklin and Worcester District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJo Comerford (Write-in)

    Middlesex and Suffolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngSal DiDomenico (i)

    Middlesex and Worcester District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJames Eldridge (i)

    Margaret Busse

    Terra Friedrichs (Cooperative Green Economy Party)

    Norfolk, Bristol and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngBecca Rausch  Candidate Connection

    Richard Ross (i)

    Norfolk, Bristol and Plymouth District

    Green check mark transparent.pngWalter Timilty (i)

    Norfolk and Plymouth District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Keenan (i)

    Alexander Mendez (Independent)

    Norfolk and Suffolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Rush (i)

    Plymouth and Barnstable District

    Deborah Rudolf  Candidate Connection

    Green check mark transparent.pngVinny deMacedo (i)

    Plymouth and Norfolk District

    Katie McBrine  Candidate Connection

    Green check mark transparent.pngPatrick O'Connor (i)

    Stephen Gill (Independent)

    Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire, and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngAnne Gobi (i)

    Steven Hall

    Worcester and Middlesex District

    Susan Chalifoux-Zephir

    Green check mark transparent.pngDean Tran (i)

    Worcester and Norfolk District

    Thomas Merolli  Candidate Connection

    Green check mark transparent.pngRyan Fattman (i)


    Primary candidates

    The candidate list below is based on a candidate filing list provided by the Massachusetts Secretary of State. The filing deadline for the September primary was on June 5, 2018. (I) denotes an incumbent. Write-in candidates are listed below the table.[2]

    Massachusetts State Senate Primary Election 2018

    • Incumbents are marked with an (i) after their name.
    • Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
    Office Democratic Party Democratic Republican Party Republican Other
    1st Bristol and Plymouth District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Rodrigues (i)

    1st Essex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngDiana DiZoglio

    Green check mark transparent.pngAlexander Leighton Williams

    1st Essex and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngBruce Tarr (i)

    1st Hampden and Hampshire District

    Green check mark transparent.pngEric Lesser (i)

    1st Middlesex District

    John Drinkwater
    Rodney Elliott
    Green check mark transparent.pngEdward Kennedy
    William Martin Jr.
    Terry Ryan

    Green check mark transparent.pngJohn MacDonald

    1st Middlesex and Norfolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngCynthia Stone Creem (i)

    1st Plymouth and Bristol District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMarc Pacheco (i)

    1st Suffolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngNick Collins (i)

    1st Suffolk and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJoseph Boncore (i)

    1st Worcester District

    Green check mark transparent.pngHarriette Chandler (i)

    2nd Bristol and Plymouth District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMark Montigny (i)

    2nd Essex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJoan Lovely (i)

    2nd Essex and Middlesex District

    Mike Armano
    Green check mark transparent.pngBarry Finegold
    Pavel Payano

    Green check mark transparent.pngJoseph Espinola III

    2nd Hampden and Hampshire District

    Green check mark transparent.pngDonald Humason Jr. (i)

    2nd Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngPatricia D. Jehlen (i)

    2nd Middlesex and Norfolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngKaren Spilka (i)

    2nd Plymouth and Bristol District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Brady (i)

    Green check mark transparent.pngScott Hall

    2nd Suffolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngSonia Chang-Diaz (i)

    2nd Suffolk and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngWilliam Brownsberger (i)

    2nd Worcester District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Moore (i)

    3rd Essex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngBrendan Crighton (i)

    3rd Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMike Barrett (i)

    4th Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngCindy Friedman (i)

    5th Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJason Lewis (i)
    Samantha Hammar

    Green check mark transparent.pngErin Calvo-Bacci

    Berkshire, Hampshire, Franklin, and Hampden District

    Green check mark transparent.pngAdam Hinds (i)
    Thomas Wickham

    Bristol and Norfolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngPaul Feeney (i)

    Green check mark transparent.pngJacob Ventura

    Cape and Islands District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJulian Andre Cyr (i)

    Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Flores

    Hampden District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJames Welch (i)
    Amaad Isiah Rivera

    Hampshire, Franklin and Worcester District

    Chelsea Kline
    Green check mark transparent.pngJo Comerford (Write-in)

    Middlesex and Suffolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngSal DiDomenico (i)

    Middlesex and Worcester District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJames Eldridge (i)

    Green check mark transparent.pngMargaret Busse

    Norfolk, Bristol and Middlesex District

    Kristopher Aleksov
    Jacqueline Katz
    Green check mark transparent.pngBecca Rausch  Candidate Connection

    Green check mark transparent.pngRichard Ross (i)

    Norfolk, Bristol and Plymouth District

    Green check mark transparent.pngWalter Timilty (i)

    Norfolk and Plymouth District

    Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Keenan (i)

    Norfolk and Suffolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngMichael Rush (i)

    Plymouth and Barnstable District

    Stephen Michael Palmer
    Green check mark transparent.pngDeborah Rudolf  Candidate Connection

    Green check mark transparent.pngVinny deMacedo (i)

    Plymouth and Norfolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngKatie McBrine  Candidate Connection

    Green check mark transparent.pngPatrick O'Connor (i)

    Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire, and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngAnne Gobi (i)

    Green check mark transparent.pngSteven Hall

    Worcester and Middlesex District

    Green check mark transparent.pngSusan Chalifoux-Zephir

    Green check mark transparent.pngDean Tran (i)

    Worcester and Norfolk District

    Green check mark transparent.pngThomas Merolli  Candidate Connection

    Green check mark transparent.pngRyan Fattman (i)


    Write-in candidates

    Hampshire, Franklin & Worcester District

    Margins of victory

    See also: Margin of victory analysis for the 2018 state legislative elections

    A margin of victory (MOV) analysis for the 2018 Massachusetts State Senate races is presented in this section. MOV represents the percentage of total votes that separated the winner and the second-place finisher. For example, if the winner of a race received 47 percent of the vote and the second-place finisher received 45 percent of the vote, the MOV is 2 percent.

    The table below presents the following figures for each party:

    • Elections won
    • Elections won by less than 10 percentage points
    • Elections won without opposition
    • Average margin of victory[4]
    Massachusetts State Senate: 2018 Margin of Victory Analysis
    Party Elections won Elections won by less than 10% Unopposed elections Average margin of victory[4]
    Democratic Party Democratic
    34
    2
    23
    26.8%
    Republican Party Republican
    6
    2
    2
    12.2%
    Grey.png Other
    0
    0
    0
    N/A
    Total
    40
    4
    25
    19.5%



    The margin of victory in each race is presented below. The list is sorted from the closest MOV to the largest (including unopposed races).

    Massachusetts State Senate: 2018 Margin of Victory by District
    District Winning Party Losing Party Margin of Victory
    Massachusetts State Senate Norfolk, Bristol & Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    2.7%
    Massachusetts State Senate Plymouth & Norfolk District
    Ends.png Republican
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    6.7%
    Massachusetts State Senate Worcester & Middlesex District
    Ends.png Republican
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    8.6%
    Massachusetts State Senate Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire & Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    9.8%
    Massachusetts State Senate Worcester & Norfolk District
    Ends.png Republican
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    15.9%
    Massachusetts State Senate Plymouth & Barnstable District
    Ends.png Republican
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    17.6%
    Massachusetts State Senate Bristol & Norfolk District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    21.1%
    Massachusetts State Senate Cape & Islands District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    24.2%
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Essex & Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    25.7%
    Massachusetts State Senate First Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    27.8%
    Massachusetts State Senate Middlesex & Worcester District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    32.4%
    Massachusetts State Senate First Essex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    32.6%
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Plymouth & Bristol District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    33.0%
    Massachusetts State Senate Fifth Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Ends.png Republican
    34.1%
    Massachusetts State Senate Norfolk & Plymouth District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    Grey.png Independent
    51.7%
    Massachusetts State Senate First Bristol & Plymouth District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate First Essex & Middlesex District
    Ends.png Republican
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate First Hampden & Hampshire District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate First Middlesex & Norfolk District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate First Plymouth & Bristol District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate First Suffolk & Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate First Suffolk District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate First Worcester District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Bristol & Plymouth District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Essex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Hampden & Hampshire District
    Ends.png Republican
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Middlesex & Norfolk District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Suffolk & Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Suffolk District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Second Worcester District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Third Essex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Third Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Fourth Middlesex District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Middlesex & Suffolk District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Norfolk & Suffolk District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Norfolk, Bristol & Plymouth District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Berkshire, Hampshire, Franklin & Hampden District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Hampden District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed
    Massachusetts State Senate Hampshire, Franklin & Worcester District
    Electiondot.png Democratic
    None
    Unopposed


    Seats flipped

    See also: State legislative seats that changed party control, 2018

    The below map displays each seat in the Massachusetts State Senate which changed partisan hands as a result of the 2018 elections, shaded according to the partisan affiliation of the winner in 2018. Hover over a shaded district for more information.

    State legislative seats flipped in 2018, Massachusetts State Senate
    District Incumbent 2018 winner Direction of flip
    Massachusetts State Senate Norfolk, Bristol & Middlesex District Republican Party Richard Ross Democratic Party Becca Rausch R to D

    Incumbents retiring

    Four incumbents did not run for re-election in 2018.[5] Those incumbents were:

    Name Party Current Office
    Kathleen O'Connor Ives Electiondot.png Democratic Senate District 1st Essex
    Eileen Donoghue Electiondot.png Democratic Senate District 1st Middlesex
    Barbara L'Italien Electiondot.png Democratic Senate District 2nd Essex and Middlesex
    Stanley Rosenberg Electiondot.png Democratic Senate District Hampshire, Franklin, and Worcester

    Process to become a candidate

    See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Massachusetts

    DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Massachusetts General Laws, Part I, Title VIII, Chapter 53

    For party candidates

    Recognized political party candidates seeking access to the primary election ballot must submit nomination papers. Nomination papers are provided by the Secretary of the Commonwealth. Nomination papers must be signed by a certain number of registered voters. The number of required signatures varies according to the office being sought.[6][7]

    Required signatures for nomination papers
    Office Required signatures
    Governor, Attorney General, United States Senator 10,000
    Secretary of the Commonwealth, Treasurer, Auditor 5,000
    United States Representative 2,000
    State Senator 300
    State Representative 150

    A candidate must be an enrolled member of the party whose nomination he or she is seeking; with the exception of newly registered voters, the candidate must be enrolled throughout the 90-day period preceding the filing deadline. An individual cannot be a candidate for nomination by one party if he or she was enrolled in any other party during the one-year period preceding the filing deadline. A candidate must prove party affiliation by filing with the Secretary of the Commonwealth a certificate of party enrollment signed or stamped by at least three local election officials of the city or town where the candidate is registered. At least one such certificate (which is included on the nomination papers discussed below) must be completed and filed by the filing deadline.[6][8]

    Before filing nomination papers, the candidate must make sure that at least one of the certified nomination papers contains a written acceptance of nomination personally signed by either the candidate or his or her authorized attorney. Although the candidate does not have to sign the acceptance space on all nomination papers, the candidate should sign several certified papers to ensure that one of the papers ultimately filed with the Secretary of the Commonwealth will include the written acceptance.[6][9]

    For the nomination papers to be valid, a candidate for state-level office must also file a receipt from the Massachusetts State Ethics Commission indicating that he or she has filed a statement of financial interest (federal candidates are exempt from this requirement). The receipt must be filed with the Secretary of the Commonwealth by the filing deadline. Prior to the filing deadline, a state-level candidate must file a written statement with the Office of Campaign and Political Finance indicating whether the candidate agrees to limit campaign spending. A candidate who does not agree to limit spending may be required to file an additional statement of intended spending prior to the deadline for filing withdrawals of nomination.[6][9]

    Nomination papers must be submitted to the registrars of the cities or towns in which signatures were collected for certification prior to final filing with the Secretary of the Commonwealth.[6][10]

    For non-party candidates

    Like party candidates, independents and other non-party candidates gain access to the general election ballot by filing nomination papers. A non-party candidate must file a certificate proving that he or she is a registered voter and is not enrolled in a recognized political party. This certificate is printed on each nomination paper, and at least one of these certificates must be signed and stamped by at least three local elections officials of the city or town where the candidate is registered.[6]

    A non-party candidate may state a political designation in no more than three words. Signature requirements are the same as those that apply to party candidates.[6]

    Required signatures for nomination papers
    Office Required signatures
    Governor, Attorney General, United States Senator 10,000
    Secretary of the Commonwealth, Treasurer, Auditor 5,000
    United States Representative 2,000
    State Senator 300
    State Representative 150

    Before filing nomination papers, the candidate must make sure that at least one of the certified nomination papers contains a written acceptance of nomination personally signed by either the candidate or his or her authorized attorney. Although the candidate does not have to sign the acceptance space on all nomination papers, the candidate should sign several certified papers to ensure that one of the papers ultimately filed with the Secretary of the Commonwealth will include the written acceptance.[6]

    For the nomination papers to be valid, a candidate for state-level office must also file a receipt from the State Ethics Commission indicating that he or she has filed a statement of financial interest (federal candidates are exempt from this requirement). The receipt must be filed with the Secretary of the Commonwealth by the filing deadline. Prior to the filing deadline, a state-level candidate must file a written statement with the Office of Campaign and Political Finance indicating whether the candidate agrees to limit campaign spending. A candidate who does not agree to limit spending may be required to file an additional statement of intended spending prior to the deadline for filing withdrawals of nomination.[6][9]

    Nomination papers must be submitted to the registrars of the cities or towns in which signatures were collected for certification prior to final filing with the Secretary of the Commonwealth.[6][10]

    For write-in candidates

    An individual is entitled to seek nomination or election by conducting a write-in campaign. No special forms (such as a declaration of intent) are required, but write-in candidates should familiarize themselves with the rules and guidelines that govern the casting of write-in votes. More information about write-in candidacies can be accessed here.[11]

    Filing deadlines

    Filing deadlines vary according to the type of candidate (i.e., party or non-party) and the office being sought. The table below summarizes the various filing deadlines established by statute.[12][8][13]

    Filing deadlines
    Type of candidate and office sought Deadline for certification with local officials Final filing deadline
    Party and non-party candidates for the Massachusetts General Court 5:00 p.m. on the 28th day preceding the final filing deadline[10] 5:00 p.m. on the last Tuesday in May in the year the election is to be held
    Party candidates for federal and statewide office 5:00 p.m. on the 28th day preceding the final filing deadline[10] 5:00 p.m. on the first Tuesday in June in the year the election is to be held
    Non-party candidates for federal and statewide office 5:00 p.m. on the 28th day preceding the final filing deadline[10] 5:00 p.m. on the last Tuesday in August in the year the election is to be held

    Qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Article LXXI of the Massachusetts Constitution states: Every representative, for one year at least immediately preceding his election, shall have been an inhabitant of the district for which he is chosen and shall cease to represent such district when he shall cease to be an inhabitant of the commonwealth.

    Salaries and per diem

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2023
    SalaryPer diem
    $73,655.01/yearNo per diem is paid.

    When sworn in

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Massachusetts legislators assume office the first Wednesday in January after the election.[14]

    Massachusetts political history

    See also: Partisan composition of state senates and State government trifectas

    Party control

    2018

    In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Massachusetts State Senate from 31-7 to 34-6.

    Massachusetts State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 31 34
         Republican Party 7 6
         Vacancy 2 0
    Total 40 40

    2016

    In the 2016 elections, Democrats maintained their majority in the Massachusetts State Senate. There was no partisan change in the election.

    Massachusetts State Senate
    Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
         Democratic Party 34 34
         Republican Party 6 6
    Total 40 40

    Trifectas

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Democrats in Massachusetts held a state government trifecta from 2007 to 2014. Democrats held control of the state legislature every year between 1992 to 2017, but only held the governor's office for eight years during that same period of time.

    Massachusetts Party Control: 1992-2024
    Ten years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R D D
    Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Wave election analysis

    See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)

    The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?

    Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.

    Applying this definition to state legislative elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose 494 seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.

    The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 state legislative waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.

    State legislative wave elections
    Year President Party Election type State legislative seats change Elections analyzed[15]
    1932 Hoover R Presidential -1,022 7,365
    1922 Harding R First midterm -907 6,907
    1966 Johnson D First midterm[16] -782 7,561
    1938 Roosevelt D Second midterm -769 7,179
    1958 Eisenhower R Second midterm -702 7,627
    2010 Obama D First midterm -702 7,306
    1974 Ford R Second midterm[17] -695 7,481
    1920 Wilson D Presidential -654 6,835
    1930 Hoover R Presidential -640 7,361
    1954 Eisenhower R First midterm -494 7,513

    Competitiveness

    Every year, Ballotpedia uses official candidate lists from each state to examine the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country. Nationally, there has been a steady decline in electoral competitiveness since 2010. Most notable is that the number of districts with general election competition has dropped by more than 10 percent.

    Results from 2016

    Below is Ballotpedia's 2016 competitiveness analysis. Click here to read the full study »

    CA 2016 Overview.png

    Historical context

    See also: Competitiveness in State Legislative Elections: 1972-2014

    Uncontested elections: In 2014, 32.8 percent of Americans lived in states with an uncontested state senate election. Similarly, 40.4 percent of Americans lived in states with uncontested house elections. Primary elections were uncontested even more frequently, with 61 percent of people living in states with no contested primaries. Uncontested elections often occur in locations that are so politically one-sided that the result of an election would be a foregone conclusion regardless of whether it was contested or not.

    F5 Pop. % with uncontested state legislative races.png

    Open seats: In most cases, an incumbent will run for re-election, which decreases the number of open seats available. In 2014, 83 percent of the 6,057 seats up for election saw the incumbent running for re-election. The states that impose term limits on their legislatures typically see a higher percentage of open seats in a given year because a portion of incumbents in each election are forced to leave office. Overall, the number of open seats decreased from 2012 to 2014, dropping from 21.2 percent in 2012 to 17.0 percent in 2014.

    Incumbent win rates: Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of elections between 1972 and 2014 documented the high propensity for incumbents to win re-election in state legislative elections. In fact, since 1972, the win rate for incumbents had not dropped below 90 percent—with the exception of 1974, when 88 percent of incumbents were re-elected to their seats. Perhaps most importantly, the win rate for incumbents generally increased over time. In 2014, 96.5 percent of incumbents were able to retain their seats. Common convention holds that incumbents are able to leverage their office to maintain their seat. However, the high incumbent win rate may actually be a result of incumbents being more likely to hold seats in districts that are considered safe for their party.

    Marginal primaries: Often, competitiveness is measured by examining the rate of elections that have been won by amounts that are considered marginal (5 percent or less). During the 2014 election, 90.1 percent of primary and general election races were won by margins higher than 5 percent. Interestingly, it is usually the case that only one of the two races—primary or general—will be competitive at a time. This means that if a district's general election is competitive, typically one or more of the district's primaries were won by more than 5 percent. The reverse is also true: If a district sees a competitive primary, it is unlikely that the general election for that district will be won by less than 5 percent. Primaries often see very low voter turnout in comparison to general elections. In 2014, there were only 27 million voters for state legislative primaries, but approximately 107 million voters for the state legislative general elections.

    Pivot Counties

    See also: Pivot Counties by state

    There are no Pivot Counties in Massachusetts. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

    In the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton (D) won Massachusetts with 60 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 32.8 percent. In presidential elections between 1789 and 2016, Massachusetts voted Republican 36.2 percent of the time and Democratic 34.4 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Massachusetts voted Democratic all five times.[18]

    Presidential results by legislative district

    The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state Senate districts in Massachusetts. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[19][20]

    In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won all 40 state Senate districts in Massachusetts with an average margin of victory of 24.6 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 37 out of 40 state Senate districts in Massachusetts with an average margin of victory of 31.1 points. Clinton won six districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
    In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won three out of 40 state Senate districts in Massachusetts with an average margin of victory of 4.3 points. Trump won two districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.

    See also

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. Governing.com, "2017-2018 Governors' Races: Where Power Is Most and Least Likely to Flip," January 5, 2017
    2. Massachusetts Secretary of State, "2018 State Primary Candidates," accessed June 22, 2018
    3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Daily Hampshire Gazette, "Ballot confusion in Senate race revolves around write-in process," August 17, 2018
    4. 4.0 4.1 Excludes unopposed elections
    5. Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
    6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "A Candidate's Guide to the 2014 State Election," revised January 2014
    7. Massachusetts General Laws, "Part I, Title VIII, Chapter 53, Section 6," accessed March 18, 2014
    8. 8.0 8.1 Massachusetts General Laws, "Part I, Title VIII, Chapter 53, Section 48," accessed March 18, 2014
    9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Massachusetts General Laws, "Part I, Title VIII, Chapter 53, Section 9," accessed March 18, 2014
    10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Massachusetts General Laws, "Part I, Title VIII, Chapter 53, Section 46," accessed March 18, 2014
    11. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "How to Run for Office as a Write-in or Sticker Candidate," accessed March 18, 2014
    12. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named macalendar
    13. Massachusetts General Laws, "Part I, Title VIII, Chapter 53, Section 10," accessed March 18, 2014
    14. Massachusetts Constitution, "Article LXXXII," accessed February 12, 2021
    15. The number of state legislative seats available for analysis varied, with as many as 7,795 and as few as 6,835.
    16. Lyndon Johnson's (D) first term began in November 1963 after the death of President John F. Kennedy (D), who was first elected in 1960. Before Johnson had his first midterm in 1966, he was re-elected president in 1964.
    17. Gerald Ford's (R) first term began in August 1974 following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (R), who was first elected in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972. Because Ford only served for two full months before facing the electorate, this election is classified as Nixon's second midterm.
    18. 270towin.com, "Massachusetts," accessed June 29, 2017
    19. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
    20. Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017


    Current members of the Massachusetts State Senate
    Senators
    Berkshire, Hampden, Franklin, and Hampshire District
    Paul Mark (D)
    Bristol and Norfolk District
    Cape and Islands District
    Hampden District
    Hampden and Hampshire District
    Hampden, Hampshire, and Worcester District
    Hampshire, Franklin and Worcester District
    Middlesex and Norfolk District
    Middlesex and Suffolk District
    Middlesex and Worcester District
    Norfolk and Middlesex District
    Norfolk and Plymouth District
    Norfolk and Suffolk District
    Norfolk, Plymouth, and Bristol District
    Norfolk, Worcester, and Middlesex District
    Plymouth and Barnstable District
    Suffolk and Middlesex District
    Worcester and Hampden District
    Worcester and Hampshire District
    Worcester and Middlesex District
    1st Bristol and Plymouth District
    1st Essex District
    1st Essex and Middlesex District
    1st Middlesex District
    1st Plymouth and Norfolk District
    1st Suffolk District
    1st Worcester District
    2nd Bristol and Plymouth District
    2nd Essex District
    2nd Essex and Middlesex District
    2nd Middlesex District
    2nd Plymouth and Norfolk District
    2nd Suffolk District
    2nd Worcester District
    3rd Bristol and Plymouth District
    3rd Essex District
    3rd Middlesex District
    3rd Suffolk District
    4th Middlesex District
    5th Middlesex District
    Democratic Party (36)
    Republican Party (4)