Aspirin

Injection-induced necrosis is a rare but dreaded consequence of soft tissue augmentation with filler agents. It usually occurs as a result of injection of filler directly into an artery, but can also result from compression or injury. We provide recommendations on the use of hyaluronidase when vascular compromise is suspected. Consensus recommendations were developed by thorough discussion and debate amongst the authors at a roundtable meeting on Wednesday June 18, 2014 in Las Vegas, NV as well as significant ongoing written and verbal communications amongst the authors in the months prior to journal submission. All authors are experienced tertiary care providers. A prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment with high doses of hyaluronidase (at least 200 U) are critically important. It is not felt necessary to do a skin test in cases of impending necrosis. Some experts recommend dilution with saline to increase dispersion or lidocaine to aid vasodilation. Additional hyaluronidase shou...

ABSTRAK
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mandala Waluya Kendari
Program Studi Farmasi
Skripsi Penelitian,  September 2020
BORIS YASIN (F201601082)
“UJI EFEKTIVITAS GASTROPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK DAUN LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata) PADA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ASPIRIN”
Pembimbing I : apt. Jastria Pusmarani, S.Farm. M.Sc.
Pembimbing II : apt. Citra Dewi, S.Farm. M.Farm.
(xii + 86 Halaman + 5 Gambar + 6 Tabel + 9 Lampiran)

Di Indonesia Angka kejadian gastritis menurut World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2017 cukup tinggi yaitu 274.396 kasus dari 283.452.952 jiwa penduduk. Efek samping dari penggunaan obat antiinflamasi non steroid (OAINS) menjadi 20% penyebab dari ulkus peptikum dan akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Pengobatan ulkus peptikum hingga saat ini menggunakan obat sintetik yang memiliki beberapa efek samping sehingga diperlukan pengobatan alternatif seperti pengobatan herbal. Daun labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, alkaloid yang mampu melindungi mukosa lambung. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas gastroprotektif ekstrak daun labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang  diinduksi aspirin.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik laboratorium. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi. Pengujian efek gastroprotektif menggunakan 18 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol normal (Na.CMC 0,5%), kelompok kontrol positif (Omeprazole 20 mg/kgBB), kelompok kontrol induksi (Aspirin 300 mg/kgBB), kelompok (Dosis ekstrak 100 mg/kgBB), kelompok (Dosis ekstrak 200 mg/kgBB), dan kelompok (Dosis ekstrak 300 mg/kgBB). Analisis data menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis dan Mann Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan tiap kelompok.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya efek gastroprotektif ekstrak daun labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata) pada Dosis ekstrak 300 mg/kgBB dengan nilai P signifikan 0,037  <  0,05 yang sebanding dengan kelompok kontrol positif.

Kata Kunci : Gastroprotektif, Aspirin, Daun labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata).
Daftar Pustaka : 33 (2001-2018)

Salicylic acid is a major hydrolytic degradation product of aspirin, responsible especially for gastric irritation during oral aspirin administration. This impurity was investigated in 12 different brands of aspirin formulation readily available in our locality. A simple, rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method was adopted for this investigation. The mobile phase was methanol/water (20/80, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid and was run on a 50 mm reversed-phase column monitored at 240 nm. The limit of detection for salicylic acid was 5 ng. Only three of these formulations showed the presence of salicylic acid impurity and all these contained salicylic acid in excess of the USP 1980 limit of 0.3% salicylic acid per tablet.

Phospholipase A2 is potentially an important target for structure-based rational drug design. In order to determine the involvement of phospholipase A2 in the action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the crystal structure of the complex formed between ...

Evidence from a wide range of sources suggests that individuals taking aspirin and related non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have reduced risk of large bowel cancer. Work in animals supports cancer reduction with aspirin, but no long-term randomised clinical trials exist in human beings, and randomisation would be ethically unacceptable because vascular protection would have to be denied to a proportion of the participants. However, opportunistic trials of aspirin, designed to test vascular protection, provide some evidence of a reduction in cancer, but only after at least 10 years. We summarise evidence for the potential benefit of aspirin and natural salicylates in cancer prevention. Possible mechanisms of action and directions for further work are discussed, and implications for clinical practice are considered.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic activity 5-Methyl-6-phenyl-2-thioxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidone derivative (2) reacted with hydrazonoyl chloride derivatives to afford triazolothienopyrimidones 4a-f. Also, acetone-1-(2-amino-5-isopropyl-thiophene-3-carbonitrile) (3) reacted with functional and bifunctional groups to yield the corresponding compounds 5-11. The new products showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and ulcerogenic activities comparable to that of indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, respectively.

Ecchordosis physaliphora is a rare congenital, benign, hamartomatous, retroclival mass derived from notochordal tissue that is typically located intradurally in the prepontine cistern. Ecchordosis physaliphora is usually asymptomatic. In rare cases, ecchordosis physaliphora can be symptomatic due to tumor expansion and compression of the surrounding structures and extratumoral hemorrhage. To our knowledge, ecchordosis physaliphora associated with intratumoral hemorrhage and vasogenic edema has not been previously described. We present a case of 22-year-old man who presented with headache and confusion. MR imaging and CT revealed intracranial ecchordosis physaliphora associated with intratumoral hemorrhage and vasogenic edema. The neurological findings resolved completely after medical therapy.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of Linum usitatissimum fixed oil against aspirin-, indomethacin-, ethanol-, reserpine-, serotonin- and stress-induced gastric ulceration in rats and histamine-induced gastric ulceration in guinea pigs. Attempts were also made to evaluate the in vitro anticholinergic and antihistaminic activity and in vivo antisecretary and antiulcer activity of oil following pylorus ligation in rats. L. usitatissimum fixed oil exhibited significant antiulcer activity against different ulcerogens in experimental animal models. The fixed oil significantly inhibited acetylcholine- and histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig and rat ileums, respectively, suggesting its anticholinergic and antihistaminic activity. The oil also exhibited significant inhibitory effect on gastric secretion/total acidity and aspirin-induced gastric ulceration in pylorus-ligated rats. The lipoxygenase inhibitory, histamine antagonistic and antisecretory (anticholinergic) effects of the oil could probably have contributed towards antiulcer activity. L. usitatissimum fixed oil may be considered to be a drug of natural origin which possesses significant antiulcer activity. The present observation is the first experimental data showing antiulcer activity of L. usitatissimum fixed oil.

This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium bicarbonate on the urinary excretion rate of aspirin, testing the hypothesis that sodium bicarbonate increases aspirin excretion. Aspirin overdose is a common medical emergency as deacylated aspirin, salicylate, is a metabolic poison that causes lactic acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate administration is currently the standard treatment because it increases urinary salicylate excretion. To elucidate this process, two experiments were carried out: the first investigating the effect of pH on drug absorption, and the second the effect of sodium bicarbonate on the excretion of aspirin in the form of salicylate. It was determined that pH and drug absorption are related and that an increasing urinary pH results in reduced aspirin absorption. Through the measurement of salicylate concentrations in the urine of participants, the effect of sodium bicarbonate on the excretion rate of aspirin was evaluated. The results showed a clear rise in urinary pH and salicylate excretion upon the administration of sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, the investigation proved that sodium bicarbonate effectively increases aspirin elimination in the form of salicylate and is an appropriate measure to combat aspirin-induced poisoning.