Orthopedics

As we see more adults entering comprehensive orthodontic treatment, we must be more attuned to the implications of periodontal issues. In this updated chapter, Robert Vanarsdall, Ignacio Blasi and Antonino Secchi review periodontal issues that impact orthodontic tooth movement. They describe periodontal "high risk" factors, mucogingival considerations, and problems with ectopic as well as ankylosed teeth. A new section on alveolar decortication and augmentation grafting has been added to address the increased use of these procedures designed to develop the alveolar housing and potentially increase the speed of tooth movement. Excellent clinical examples are pictured throughout the chapter.

Background. Surgical treatment and conservative treatment is the options to improve pain, function, and range of motion following rotator cuff tear. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of physiotherapy and corticosteroid injections on the function, pain, and range of motion in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tearing separately and simultaneously. Methods. A total of 96 patients were randomly assigned to the study and divided into 3 groups of 32 patients. DASH questionnaire and VAS criterion were completed by all three groups, and the range of motions of all groups was measured by a goniometer. Then, the first group underwent 12 sessions of physiotherapy twice a week for 6 weeks; the second group received 80 mg of methylprednisolone and 1 ml of lidocaine 2% in two stages, 21 days apart; and the third group received 80 mg of methylprednisolone and 1 ml of lidocaine 2%, and after 2 days, 6 sessions of physiotherapy twice a week for 3 weeks were prescribed. In the e...

Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine if people with low back pain (LBP) who regularly participated in a rotation-related activity displayed more rotation-related impairments than people without LBP who did and did not participate in the activity.

Subjects: A convenience sample of 55 participants with LBP who participated in a rotation-related sport, 26 back healthy controls who participated in a rotation-related sport (BHC+RRS) and 42 back healthy controls who did not participate in a rotation-related sport (BHC-RRS). Participants were matched based on age, gender, and activity level.

Methods and Materials: Participants completed self-report measures and participated in a standardized clinical examination. The number of impairments exhibited during the clinical examination was calculated for each participant. One-way ANOVA tests were used to test for differences among groups in the (1) number and type of rotation-related impairments, i.e., occur during extremity movement test vs. overt trunk movement test, and (2) number of asymmetric rotation-related impairments. Tukey’s HSD statistic was calculated in the instance that an ANOVA test was significant. Chi-square tests were used to test for differences between groups in the prevalence of individual impairments.  Eta squared, the phi coefficient, Cohen’s d statistics and standard error were calculated as appropriate to index effect sizes for the different comparisons.

Results: Compared to the BHC-RRS group, both the LBP and BHC+RRS groups displayed significantly more (1) rotation-related impairments (LBP: p<.001; BHC+RRS: p=.015) (2) asymmetric rotation-related impairments (LBP: p=.006; BHC+RRS: p=.020) and (3) rotation-related impairments with trunk movement tests (LBP: p=.002; BHC+RRS: p<.001). The LBP group had significantly more rotation-related impairments with extremity movement tests than both of the back healthy groups (BHC+RRS: p=.011; BHC-RRS: p<.001).

Conclusions: LBP and BHC+RRS groups demonstrated a similar number of total rotation-related impairments and asymmetric rotation-related impairments, and these numbers were greater than those of the BHC-RRS group. Compared to people without LBP, people with LBP displayed more rotation-related impairments when moving an extremity. These findings suggest that impairments associated with extremity movements may be associated with having a LBP condition.