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This paper discusses the possibility of the phenomenon of empathy between humans and robots, starting from what happens during their eye contact. First, it is shown, through the most relevant results of HRI studies on this matter, what... more
This paper discusses the  possibility of the phenomenon of empathy between humans and robots, starting from what happens during their eye contact. First, it is shown, through the most relevant results of HRI studies  on this matter, what are the most important effects of the robot gaze on human emotions and behaviour. Secondly, these effects are compared to what happens during the phenomenon of empathy between humans, taking inspiration from the studies of Edmund Husserl and Edith Stein. Finally, similarities and differences between human-human and human-robot empathy are conceptualized through Merleau-Ponty’s idea of flesh, which is the extended bodily element of the world. If there is a common concept of body, including both machine-bodies and living bodies, then a transcorporeal  analogy takes place, thus explaining why the phenomenon of empathy occurs both in human-human and human-robot interactions.
L’articolo si incentra sul recente volume dell’autrice, “La filosofia a scuola e le relazioni con gli altri”, basato su una ricerca svoltasi attraverso interviste a studenti e docenti di filosofia in cinque istituti superiori di Udine.... more
L’articolo si incentra sul recente volume dell’autrice, “La filosofia a scuola e le relazioni con gli altri”, basato su una ricerca svoltasi attraverso interviste a studenti e docenti di filosofia in cinque istituti superiori di Udine. Agli intervistati è stato chiesto se la filosofia insegnata a scuola riuscisse a mutare la loro visione del mondo e, soprattutto, le loro relazioni con gli altri. L’articolo si sviluppa in tre parti: la prima analizza le premesse metodologiche del libro, la seconda verte sul cambiamento di Weltanschauung e sulle relazioni interpersonali, la terza sulla filosofia come disciplina scolastica. Attraverso la prospettiva fenomenologica, diviene così possibile comprendere gli effetti più o meno incisivi della filosofia sull’esistenza dei ragazzi.
This paper draws on previous research carried out by the author on the educative relationship between teacher and student in schools and universities, in order to enrich it with further studies and considerations on distance learning. The... more
This paper draws on previous research carried out by the author on the educative relationship between teacher and student in schools and universities, in order to enrich it with further studies and considerations on distance learning. The author uses the phenomenological method, assuming
the point of view of both members of the relationship (student and teacher). The general characteristics of the relationship (reciprocity, asymmetry, and verticality) and the differences between the two parties involved (age and/or developmental stage, educational role, mastery of the discipline, and institutional role) remain, but are articulated differently: this mainly happens, because in distance learning the perception of the body of the other person is partial or absent, hindering the phenomena of pairing and empathy. It is thus shown that distance learning cannot replace face-to-face teaching, however, it is able to support and supplement it.
This paper aims to find, in Merleau-Ponty’s late thinking, a definition of the virtual which aligns with the latest advancements in digital technology while avoiding a reduction to the digital realm or a stark opposition to reality. The... more
This paper aims to find, in Merleau-Ponty’s late thinking, a definition of the virtual which aligns with the latest advancements in digital technology while avoiding a reduction to the digital realm or a stark opposition to reality. The virtual is considered as a crucial characteristic in Merleau-Ponty’s late ontology, especially in The Visible and the Invisible, where a “virtual focus” or “virtual center” of the flesh is introduced. The argument posits that Merleau-Ponty’s monism of the flesh results in a dynamic view of virtuality, with significant ontological implications that reshape the relationship between the digital and the analogue. Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the virtual is defined by several key features: it applies to a monist perspective on reality, to a dynamic relationality between dialectic poles, and to the fabric of reality. This interpretation of the virtual implies a divergence from the digital, as virtuality belongs to the whole spectrum of reality.
In this paper we aim to find a definition of virtual which fits the latest developments of digital technology, but also applies to the analog world. We consider the virtual as related to immanence, taking inspiration from Deleuze's... more
In this paper we aim to find a definition of virtual which fits the latest developments of digital technology, but also applies to the analog world. We consider the virtual as related to immanence, taking inspiration from Deleuze's reading of Bergson and Merleau-Ponty's last work. We first analyze Deleuze's idea of immanence, from which virtuality emerges, then we focus on Merleau-Ponty's concept of flesh and its virtual center. We argue that both philosophers see immanence as a dynamic medium of virtuality, overcoming the traditional concept of substance and theorizing a deep intertwining of bodies and technology. Our analysis shows that the virtual is defined by the following features: it implies an epistemological and ontological monism, relationality, and entanglement with reality. The virtual clearly emerges in digital technologies, but also belongs to analog reality, as a general condition for our knowing and being in the world as such.
In questo testo si affronta, a livello ontologico, la questione della tecnica in relazione allo sviluppo del digitale. Parlare di “tecnontologia digitale” implica che il digitale porta alla luce l’homo technicus in maniera peculiare... more
In questo testo si affronta, a livello ontologico, la questione della tecnica in relazione allo sviluppo del digitale. Parlare di “tecnontologia digitale” implica che il digitale porta alla luce l’homo technicus in maniera peculiare rispetto alla dimensione analogica. Non avviene un processo di smaterializzazione, bensì di ridefinizione della materia e di pervasività della dimensione digitale nei confronti della nostra corporeità e della nostra esistenza quotidiana. Viene proposta una lettura della relazione con la tecnologia digitale basata sulla fenomenologia della carne, traendo spunto dalle riflessioni di Merleu-Ponty ne Il visibile e l’invisibile. Si mostra che la carne, tessuto comune della corporeità del mondo, rende possibile concepire la relazione tra tutti gli enti secondo un’ontologia piatta. Questo consente di vedere il rapporto con il digitale come compartecipazione e di riconfigurare il problema della responsabilità legato ai dispositivi, ai robot e alle piattaforme digitali.

In this paper the issue of technology in relation to its digital developments is addressed from an ontological point of view. The idea of “digital technontology” implies that the digital brings out the homo technicus in a unique way that differs from what happens in the analog dimension. What occurs is not a process of dematerialization, but a redefinition of the matter and a clear pervasiveness of the digital dimension in our corporeity and daily existence. This paper offers an interpretation of the relation between humans and digital technology based on the phenomenology of the flesh, taking inspiration from what Merleau-Ponty writes in The Visible and the Invisible. The idea of flesh, which is the common body of the world, allows us to conceive the relation among all beings according to a flat ontology. In this way, the relation between us and the digital can be seen as a form of involvement and the problem of responsibility concerning devices, robots, and digital platforms can be reconfigured accordingly.
The aim of the paper is to develop the concept of perceptual relation and to apply it to digital environments. First, the meaning of perceptual relation is phenomenologically analyzed and defined as the interaction between the whole and... more
The aim of the paper is to develop the concept of perceptual relation and to apply it to digital environments. First, the meaning of perceptual relation is phenomenologically analyzed and defined as the interaction between the whole and its parts, which is theorized by the founders of Gestalt psychology. However, this relation is not considered as an intrinsic, but as an extended one, implying also the relation with the surrounding world (Umwelt). Subsequently, this concept of extended relation is applied to a chosen object (a ball) as it is perceived in four different kinds of digital dimensions (on-screen, virtual, augmented, and hybrid). Through a phenomenological analysis, I argue that, whereas the whole-part configuration remains the same, some modes of appearance of the object (multisensoriality, figure-ground interaction, affordances, and persistence) are different. In order to define this dynamic, I have coined the concept of transdimensional analogy.
The paper aims at connecting the concepts of beauty and possession, traditionally coupled with the male gaze, with eros as felt by women, by homosexuals, and by those who do not identify with a defined gender (transgender, intersexual,... more
The paper aims at connecting the concepts of beauty and possession, traditionally coupled with the male gaze, with eros as felt by women, by homosexuals, and by those who do not identify with a defined gender (transgender, intersexual, and other non-binary people). First, I will outline the concepts of beauty and possession according to “male thinking”, well formulated by Freud, Plato, Levinas, and Sartre. I will show that, in Western tradition, beauty is seen from a masculine perspective, as a set of charms arousing the subject and stimulating his will to possess. The erotic relationship is consequently considered in a dualistic way: the subject is masculine and active, and desires his “object”, who can be either a man or a woman. However, the mentioned authors also highlight a crucial point: desire is doomed to be unfulfilled, because the transcendence of the other person is ungraspable. I will argue that, despite the latter point, such authors bring forward a reductionist view of eros and relationships between genders. I will suggest a solution to this reductionism, taking inspiration from the concepts of gender performativity, theorized by Butler, and queer orientation, developed by Ahmed. I will also propose to rely on Merleau-Ponty’s idea of the flesh, especially as it concerns its features of reversibility and divergence, in order to give account of every gender identity, including non-binary ones. The concepts of beauty and possession, together with the impossibility to grasp the transcendence of the other person, will not be rejected, but reconfigured through a different way of conceiving subjectivity.
The paper is focused on the concept of perceptual relation according to experimental phenomenology, belonging to Gestaltist and ecological traditions. First of all, it will be shown the meaning of “relation” in the perceptual domain,... more
The paper is focused on the concept of perceptual relation according to experimental phenomenology, belonging to Gestaltist and ecological traditions. First of all, it will be shown the meaning of “relation” in the perceptual domain, including a specific definition of object and subject. For this purpose, the paper will present the difference with the representationalist perspective, which challenges immediate experience and the perception of unified objects.
Secondly, the concept of “perceptual relation” will be compared to the idea of Gestalttheorie’s “intrinsic relation”. It will be sustained that perceptual relations do not concern only connections between the parts and the whole of a configuration, but they extend to otherness, namely perceptual object, other subjects, and the Umwelt. For this purpose, the paper will provide some examples of ambiguity of the relation ground-figure, especially reversible and bistable figures.

Keywords: Experimental Phenomenology; Perceptual Relation; Intrinsic Relation; Extended Mind; Figure-Ground Relation
The paper discusses a posthuman reading of Merleau-Ponty’s later works and an application of the concept of flesh to the digital dimension. Whereas, in the Phenomenology of Perception, the world and other beings are seen from an... more
The paper discusses a posthuman reading of Merleau-Ponty’s later works and an application of the concept of flesh to the digital dimension. Whereas, in the Phenomenology of Perception, the world and other beings are seen from an egological and human perspective, in The Visible and the Invisible this perspective is reshaped. Human body is made of the same stuff of other bodies, and they constitute a common being, the flesh of the world. Merleau-Ponty sets out a path through flat ontology and posthumanism, opposing human perspective as a privileged one. His posthuman turn passes through the concepts of reversibility and divergence. Humans are made of the same stuff as non-humans, so they reverse into one another, but, on the other hand, they are not reduced to an undifferentiated entity, because of their divergence. Merleau-Ponty’s problematizing perspective is here actualized and applied to the hybridization between human bodies and digital protheses.
The aim of this paper is to analyze Edith Stein's Trinitarian anthropology, in which an interaction between the body, the soul, and the spirit takes place. For this purpose, this anthropology is read, beginning from its sensitive and... more
The aim of this paper is to analyze Edith Stein's Trinitarian anthropology, in which an interaction between the body, the soul, and the spirit takes place. For this purpose, this anthropology is read, beginning from its sensitive and expressive features, with a focus on its aesthetics. This is possible thanks to an original opening of the individual towards otherness and this opening occurs through empathy. The first part of this paper is about On the Problem of Empathy, which contains an explanation of how the constitution of the I through the encounter with the other person happens. The aisthesis of the Leib and its expression relate to the components of the soul and the spirit. In the second part, Finite and Eternal Being is analyzed. Here, thanks to a theological and mystical path, Stein comes back to some unfinished topics of her early work: a deeper inspection of the spiritual and its interaction with the soul. Stein outlines a difference between two components: the psyche is bond to the body by means of its sentient and life-giving function, whereas the spirit is free, capable of creative acts and permeability with the universal. The Geist is the highest and most fruitful component of human beings, because of its ability to overcome the individual finiteness and to communicate, through sensitive expressions, with other incarnate spirits, nature, and divinity.
William James and Gilles Deleuze gave two definitions of their thought: James used the expression “radical empiricism”, Deleuze “transcendental empiricism”. My aim is to show that James constitutes the "bottomless bottom" of Deleuze's... more
William James and Gilles Deleuze gave two definitions of their thought: James used the expression “radical empiricism”, Deleuze “transcendental empiricism”. My aim is to show that James constitutes the "bottomless bottom" of Deleuze's philosophy, since both authors share the concept of “pure experience”, but Deleuze develops his perspective through a redefinition of the transcendental. This leads also to a reshaping of ontology based on the concept of nomadism.
This paper focuses on Levinas’ concept of ipseity and on its change between the 1960’s and the 1970’s, arguing that this change implies the undoing of the subject. In Totality and Infinity (1961), ipseity is considered as the deep core of... more
This paper focuses on Levinas’ concept of ipseity and on its change between the 1960’s and the 1970’s, arguing that this change implies the undoing of the subject. In Totality and Infinity (1961), ipseity is considered as the deep core of the I, whereas, in Otherwise Than Being (1974), it is the other person inside the self. Levinas also theorizes another kind of other-in-the-same, which is illeity, the trace of God inside the human soul. It is shown that illeity is not problematic for the subject, since it does not cause its undoing. Furthermore, it is argued that ipseity, in Otherwise Than Being, is not a mere opening to alterity, but a source of alienation. Finally, it is shown that Levinas starts to change his mind on ipseity in 1968 (“Substitution”), however this modification becomes clear only in 1970 (“No Identity”).
This paper is focused on the possibility of a dialogue between Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and phenomenology, a dialogue concerning the problem of objects and relations. In the first part, the author shows what is interesting in OOO... more
This paper is focused on the possibility of a dialogue between Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and phenomenology, a dialogue concerning the problem of objects and relations. In the first part, the author shows what is interesting in OOO from a phenomenological perspective and why it should be considered as a challenge for contemporary philosophy. The second part develops the phenomenological perspective of the author, a perspective based on Merleau-Ponty's "carnal" phenomenology, as well as some suggestions coming from the Italian school of Gaetano Kanizsa. The third part is dedicated to the objections of the author to the OOO view regarding the separation between objects and relations: a separation which leads to Harman's quadruple object. In the concluding portion, the author shows that, despite evident differences between phenomenological and OOO's views of relations, OOO offers new starting points for phenomenological reflections, thanks to its specific focus on objects and its pluralistic view of reality.
Nel presente scritto, l’attività di insegnamento filosofico viene sottoposta ad interrogativi riguardanti gli elementi che la caratterizzano, ovvero ciò che viene insegnato, chi insegna e a chi si insegna. Nasce così una riflessione... more
Nel presente scritto, l’attività di insegnamento filosofico viene sottoposta ad interrogativi riguardanti gli elementi che la caratterizzano, ovvero ciò che viene insegnato, chi insegna e a chi si insegna. Nasce così una riflessione teoretica su tre concetti basilari, ovvero la filosofia, il soggetto e l’altro. Attraverso le suggestioni di grandi pensatori, in primis l’Heidegger di Essere e Tempo, ma anche Platone, Aristotele, Cartesio, Deleuze e Levinas, vengono proposte possibili definizioni dei concetti suddetti.
La filosofia viene così considerata in senso statico, come sentiero diretto al sapere, e dinamico, come prassi sempre rinnovantesi. Per quanto riguarda il “chi”, una volta stabilito che, per natura o necessità ontica, ogni uomo tende al sapere, viene definito il soggetto in grado di insegnare la filosofia ad altri. Questi può essere sia il semplice studioso di filosofia, che il filosofo vero e proprio. La differenza tra i due si configura come segue: il primo si occupa solo della conoscenza di sentieri già tracciati, il secondo ne traccia anche di nuovi. Il destinatario dell’insegnamento filosofico si configura, invece, come alterità a cui la soggettività docente deve relazionarsi. Si giunge pure qui ad una definizione duplice, ovvero dell’allievo come semplice conoscente, la cui componente attiva è limitata alla ricezione dei contenuti, e dell’allievo come praticante, che sperimenta vari metodi e si mette in gioco nella teoresi.
Vengono infine delineate possibili configurazioni in base a queste tre coppie di concetti, configurazioni che, a propria volta, diventano molteplici nelle realtà singolari.
In this paper, a phenomenological perspective on capitalism is given: it is considered as the economic expression of onto-theology. Capitalism is based on egotism, whose principles are private ownership (correlative of intentionality) and... more
In this paper, a phenomenological perspective on capitalism is given: it is considered as the economic expression of onto-theology. Capitalism is based on egotism, whose principles are private ownership (correlative of intentionality) and free market (correlative of liberty). The current crisis is the symptom of a disease, that is a lack of ethics, an indiscriminate pursuit of egotism. A moral revolution is here proposed as a remedy. The aim is not to destroy capitalism, but to save it with the introduction of an ethical attitude, based on original responsibility and uniqueness (Levinas), as well as on bi-directional respect (Ricoeur).
Kierkegaard and Levinas are both philosophers of singularity. The latter, in Difficult Freedom and Proper Names, strongly criticizes the former, accusing him of subjectivism, violence and underestimation of ethics. However, the distance... more
Kierkegaard and Levinas are both philosophers of singularity. The latter, in Difficult Freedom and Proper Names, strongly criticizes the former, accusing him of subjectivism, violence and underestimation of ethics. However, the distance separating the two is very short, especially if one reads carefully Kierkegaard’s Concluding Unscientific Postscript. In this article it is argued that both thinkers refuse impersonal totality, conceive Infinity as irreducible, ethics as directed towards the other person and suffering as necessary during lifetime. Above all, both Kierkegaard and Levinas think of subjectivity as originally addressed beyond itself, towards Infinity.
This article discusses the concepts of humanism and posthumanism from a Merleau-Pontian perspective. The Phenomenology of Perception contains a humanistic point of view, since the world and other beings are seen from an egological and... more
This article discusses the concepts of humanism and posthumanism
from a Merleau-Pontian perspective. The Phenomenology of Perception
contains a humanistic point of view, since the world and other beings are seen from an egological and human perspective. Merleau Ponty’s later works, instead, show a posthuman point of view, because of the notion of “flesh”: my body is made of the same stuff of the other bodies, so that they constitute a common being. Taking inspiration from this concept and from the notions of reversibility and divergence, it is argued that Merleau-Ponty suggests a new way to conceive humanism.
ULTIMI CINQUE VOLUMI PUBBLICATI: VOLUME X (APRILE 2017) 1. MICHELE CURNIS, Filologia platonica del XX secolo. Tradizione indiretta. (85) 2. ALESSIO FAEDDA, Le citazioni omeriche in Platone. Effetti della tradizione orale o... more
ULTIMI CINQUE VOLUMI PUBBLICATI:

VOLUME X (APRILE 2017)
1. MICHELE CURNIS, Filologia platonica del XX secolo. Tradizione indiretta. (85)
2. ALESSIO FAEDDA, Le citazioni omeriche in Platone. Effetti della tradizione orale o intenzionali adattamenti. (86)
3. GABRIELE PAPA, Un exemplum della ricezione della filosofia di Platone nel mondo islamico: il Kitāb al-ğāmiʽ di Abū Nasr al-Fārābī e il primato di Aristotele nella storia. (87)
4. GIAMPIERO CHIVILÒ, Alexandre Kojève interprete di Platone. (88)
5. RODOLFO SIDERI, Filosofia come pathos. Platone negli scritti giovanili di Nietzsche. (89)
6. ALFIO RIZZO NAZARENO, Oltre la filosofia. Platone e Nietzsche nel pensiero di Giorgio Colli. (90)
7. ALESSANDRO RAFFI, Da Aristotele a Platone. L’interpretazione heideggeriana del Sofista. (91)
8. PIETRO CONSOLE, «La più alta personalità filosofica di tutti i tempi». Platone secondo l’esistenzialismo neoilluministico di Nicola Abbagnano. (92)
9. SARA DE LEONARDIS, Il Grillo. Una battaglia per la paideia platonica. (93)
10. ROSSANO DE LAURENTIIS, Platone e la storia della scienza secondo Maria Timpanaro Cardini (per i tipi di Carabba). (94)
11. DARIO ZUCCHELLO, Arendt di fronte a Platone. Politica e filosofia. (95)
12. MARINA PAOLA BANCHETTI-ROBINO, Il neoplatonismo nell’ontologia chimica di Jan Baptista van Helmont. (96)

VOLUME XI (APRILE 2017)
1. ROBERTA GALLUZZO, Il Platonismo nel pensiero mistico di Meister Eckhart. (97)
2. LUCA SOCCI, Sperimentare l’eterno. Dalla metafora all’incarnazione tra Platone e Dante. (98)
3. ALESSANDRO RAFFI, Dante e il Timeo nel canto IV del Paradiso. (99)
4. TOMMASO GHEZZANI, Rassegna di studi sul platonismo di Vico. (100)
5. ALESSIO MARCHETTI, Platone e Marx. (101)
6. MARIO LUPOLI, Platone e il concetto di ragione in Horkheimer e Adorno. (102)
7. ANTONELLA FERRARIS, Padre di tutte le Utopie. La persistenza dell’archetipo platonico in Ernst Bloch. (103)
8. ILARIA NIDASIO, Oralità e scrittura. Gadamer e la reinterpretazione, in chiave ermeneutica, della nota tematica. (104)
9. ROBERTA RIO-FRANCESCO ALESSANDRINI, La Dottrina delle Idee e il processo di formazione del pensiero. (105)
10. AURORA CAPORALI, Corneille. Il teatro francese del Seicento dai frammenti de L’illusion cominque, un testo esemplare di platonizzazione. (106)
11. FEDERICA SCOGNAMIGLIO, Il Platone di Forster. Introduzione alla filologia ed agli studi platonici tra Settecento e Ottocento. (107)
12. FEDERICO ZANCANER, Platone e Nietzsche. Aspetti di etica. (108)
13. OLIMPIA ZINZI-MARGHERITA CAPONE, Platone e Nietzsche tra corpo e anima. (109)
14. MAURO MURZI, Aspetti dell’influenza del Timeo sulla scienza occidentale. (110)
15. MARCO DAMONTE, La presenza di Platone nel nachlass di Wittgenstein. (111)
16. GIUSEPPE IURATO, Un raffronto critico fra la teoria platonica delle idee ed il paradosso di Kripke-Wittgenstein. (112)
17. ELENA RUFFONI, Il Menesseno e la funzione critica della storia di Atene nel logos epitaphios platonico. (113)
18. ANTONELLA SENATORE, Un discorso οὐ παντάπασιν ἀπίθανος. Note sulla retorica di Platone. (114)

VOLUME XII (NOVEMBRE 2017)
1. DAVIDE PENNA, Noticiam dei non ratiocinando sed bene vivendo. Presenze platoniche nella Theologia Summi Boni di Pietro Abelardo. (115)
2. FRANCESCO FIORENTINO, Giovanni Duns Scoto di fronte a Platone sulle idee divine. (116)
3. ALBERTO FRANCESCATO, Antropologia dell’Esaltato. Platone fra Hume e Kant. (117)
4. ERICA GAZZOLDI, Laisse du vieux Platon se froncer l’œil austère… Platonismo e suo rifiuto nell’eros di Baudelaire. (118)
5. MARIO LUPOLI, Dmitry Pisarev lettore di Platone. (119)
6. GABRIELE ORNAGHI, Austin e il completamento del pensiero platonico. (120)
7. ALESSANDRO PRATO, Platone e la condanna della retorica. (121)
8. ALBERTO LABELLARTE, Erotica, giustizia e passioni in Platone. (122)
9. LUCA VALENTINI, Sulla tripartizione statuale in Platone, nel mondo indoeuropeo e nel microcosmo umano. (123)
10. MARCO GRUSOVIN, Socrate ebreo. Sul platonismo ebraico di Moses Mendelsshon. (124)
11. Laura Zavatta, Nietzsche nella caverna di Platone. La missione legislatrice dei filosofi. (125)
12. IVAN POZZONI, Il contratto sociale come fondamento del diritto criminale nel momento socratico di Platone. (126)

VOLUME XIII (DICEMBRE 2017)
1. ROSSELLA ATTOLINI, Ἒρως e χωρισμός. Giorgio Colli interprete di Platone. (127)
2. CLAUDIA MAGGI, Il «qualcosa» in Soph. 237c e in Enn. VI 6. (128)
3. ENRICO FALBO, Il rapporto psyche-organi corporei nel Teeteto. (129)
4. PAOLA SCOLLO, Platone e la poesia. La discussione sugli eroi di Omero nell’Ippia Minore. (130)
5. MARCO POTENZA, Gregor Samsa e K. Percezione della realtà platonica in Kafka. (131)
6. ANNA DI SOMMA, Il ruolo di Platone nell’onto-antropo-logia di Ernesto Grassi. (132)
7. ALBERTO LABELLARTE, L’idea di Giustizia in Platone. (133)
8. LOREDANA FILIPPI, Platone e le nuove frontiere della scienza. Dal superamento del dualismo alla fisica dei quanti: verso una nuova escatologia dell’esistenza. (134)
9. NICOLÒ SAMBO, Platone in The Great Chain of Being di Arthur O. Lovejoy. (135)
10. GIOVANNI COVINO, Platone e Tommaso d’Aquino. L’importanza metafisica della nozione di partecipazione. (136)
11. STEFANO ZEN, Riscoperta di Platone e teologie della Riforma: il caso di Thomas Müntzer tra millenarismo e cristianesimo rivoluzionario. (137)
12. ALESSANDRO BATTISTELLI, La questione della tecnica. Dalla techne platonica al dislivello prometeico di Günther Anders. (138)
13. EMANUELE STRACCHI, La Musica in Platone e Nietzsche. (139)
14. EUGENIO CAPITANI, L’universo non gioca a dadi. Principio antropico e cosmologia nel Timeo di Platone. (140)
15. ALDO MECCARIELLO, Un’idea di catastrofe. Platone negli abissi di Atlantide. (141)

VOLUME XIV (MARZO 2018)
1. MARIAPAOLA BERGOMI, Platone a Bisanzio (142)
2. VINCENZO NUZZO, Un’unitaria metafisica filosofico-religiosa entro la continuità tra neoplatonismo pagano e cristiano. Il caso di Gregorio di Nissa (143)
3. CHIARA GELMETTI, Geometria sacra e movimento corporeo. Ripresa dell’ellenismo nelle coreografie del primo Novecento: riemergere del pensiero platonico e legami con la danza italiana del Quattrocento (144)
4. GABRIELE BURATTI, Aspetti di Filosofia della matematica: platonismo e anti-platonismo in Mark Balaguer (145)
5. YURI CONTI, L’interrogazione socratica nei dialoghi platonici: riprese contemporanee ed origini storiche (146)
6. PAOLO GIOVE, Pedagogia della significazione. Strategie paideutiche del dialogos in Platone (147)
7. ELEONORA SELVATICO, Platone e la nascita della metafisica: l’interpretazione heideggeriana del mito della caverna e del Teeteto (148)
8. LUCA PANTALEONE, Il sentiero della verità. Svelatezza e correttezza nel pensiero di Platone (149)
9. PIERO DE COLOMBANI, Il platonismo bifronte di Carlo Michelstaedter (150)
10. VIŠNJA BANDALO, Concetti platonici nell’espressione letteraria di Cristina Campo (151)
11. CHARLOTTE ERRIGHI, La carne, l’ombra e l’armonia. Echi platonici nella riflessione di Denis de Rougemont (152)
12. FRANCESCO LUIGI GALLO, Il Platonismo e la Massoneria. Analisi introduttiva di alcune essenziali corrispondenze (153)

VOLUME XV
1. MARINA PAOLA BANCHETTI-ROBINO, Il minimo, l’unità, e l’universo infinito nella cosmologia vitalistica di Giordano Bruno (154)
2. MARIANNA CERNO, Frater, socius et amicus: l’amicizia nell’agiografia martiriale italiana dell’alto medioevo (155)
3. SERENA CANÈ, L’anima platonica e il “Messaggio di Laodicea”. “Giudaizzanti” di Novgorod: F. Kuritsyn ed altri (156)
4. PAOLA SCOLLO, I sofismi di Socrate. La poetica dello specchio da Aristofane a Platone (157)
5. LUIGI D’ANTO’, Il pastore ed il sarto: “iconologia” della sovranità in Platone (158)
6. MARCO DAMONTE, La presenza di Platone nella Virtue Ethics (159)
7. PAOLO MENEGHETTI, Il demiurgo di Platone ha l’idea di artisticità sui numeri idealmente contratti (160)
8. IGOR TAVILLA, La ricezione di Platone nell’opera di Julius Evola. Una nota interpretativa (161)
9. GIORGIO PANNUNZIO, Qualche riflessione semasiologica sullo pseudo-Platone epigrammista tradotto da Salvatore Quasimodo (162)
10. ANNALISA CHESSA, Immagini nella caverna: la cornice simbolica del mito in Platone e nei suoi “allievi” (163)
11. PAOLA SCOLLO, Il gioco di natura: nostra morte, sua vita. Platone e la dialettica tra uomo e ambiente nel mondo greco (164)
12. OMAR BRINO, Una “voce profetica” in “un’età altrettanto oscura”. Piero Martinetti lettore di Platone (165)
13. NICOLÒ TARQUINI, Platone, il nichilismo e l’Occidente. L’interpretazione della filosofia platonica nel pensiero di Emanuele Severino (166)
14. PIERO DE COLOMBANI, L’eco dell’agathon platonico nel più recente Cacciari (167)
Capitoli Platone voll. I-XIV (fino a Marzo 2018)
In questo contributo, la teoria del linguaggio secondo Merleau-Ponty è posta a confronto con le affermazioni di Edmund Husserl, in particolare con quanto egli afferma nelle sue "Ricerche logiche". In Merleau-Ponty la logica non è più... more
In questo contributo, la teoria del linguaggio secondo Merleau-Ponty è posta a confronto con le affermazioni di Edmund Husserl, in particolare con quanto egli afferma nelle sue "Ricerche logiche". In Merleau-Ponty la logica non è più "Wissenschaftslehre" e il linguaggio è preso di mira nella totalità delle sue funzioni e analizzato in rapporto a una fenomenologia della soggettività incarnata, della corporeità, dell’essere nel mondo e della relazione con altri. L’insistenza sul carattere corporeo, incarnato del linguaggio è evidente e la stessa comunicazione è intrinseca al linguaggio solo se la si concepisce sullo sfondo della relazione intersoggettiva, a cui noi come "Leib", come carne del mondo, siamo da sempre intrecciati.
La ricerca sulla quale si basa il volume ha coinvolto cinque istituti superiori di Udine e si è svolta attraverso interviste agli studenti e ai loro docenti del triennio. Agli intervistati è stato chiesto se la filosofia insegnata a... more
La ricerca sulla quale si basa il volume ha coinvolto cinque istituti superiori di Udine e si è svolta attraverso interviste agli studenti e ai loro docenti del triennio. Agli intervistati è stato chiesto se la filosofia insegnata a scuola riuscisse a stimolare un processo di mutamento, o perlomeno di chiarificazione, della visione del mondo e, soprattutto, se avesse un impatto sulle relazioni con gli altri. Si è inteso così operare un rivolgimento della filosofia su se stessa e sul suo modo di avvicinare il mondo degli adolescenti. Attraverso la prospettiva fenomenologica, applicata alle riflessioni di studenti e docenti, è divenuto perciò possibile comprendere le ragioni per cui la disciplina ha effetti più o meno incisivi sull’esistenza dei ragazzi.
Cosa si intende oggi per amore? A cosa ci riferiamo quando parliamo di attrazione, desiderio, donazione, sentimento? Perché consideriamo la bellezza una componente imprescindibile del fenomeno amoroso? Il volume cerca di rispondere a... more
Cosa si intende oggi per amore? A cosa ci riferiamo quando parliamo di attrazione, desiderio, donazione, sentimento? Perché consideriamo la bellezza una componente imprescindibile del fenomeno amoroso? Il volume cerca di rispondere a questi interrogativi adottando uno sguardo “estetico”. Ciò significa partire dalla sensibilità e riferirsi al concetto di bellezza, che sembra comunemente rinviare all’armonia, all’equilibrio tra le parti, a una fonte di attrattive corporee, tuttavia può riferirsi anche all’interiorità e alla spiritualità. Il testo mostra che la definizione di bellezza è strettamente legata alla concezione corrispondente di amore. Se questo viene considerato desiderio, allora ci si trova di fronte all’eros descritto da Platone; se, invece, viene visto come donazione, si tratta dell’agape cristiana. Tuttavia, questi due modi di concepire l’amore vengono rivisitati da altre due visioni molto note nella cultura occidentale: si tratta del romanticismo, in cui il desiderio e la donazione si intrecciano, e della psicanalisi freudiana, che considera l’eros come libido e come forza opposta a Thanatos.
Queste teorie vengono interpretate come visioni onnicomprensive, come prospettive che considerano l’amore una chiave di lettura della realtà. Questa chiave di lettura porta con sé concezioni differenti di bellezza: l’amore in senso erotico si focalizza sulla bellezza dell’oggetto, considerata come insieme di attrattive, mentre l’amore in senso agapico insiste sulla bellezza del soggetto e sulle sue qualità. Ciò non implica una dicotomia tra materiale e spirituale, bensì un intreccio delle due componenti riguardanti entrambe le polarità della relazione. Il volume esplora così le definizioni offerte da Platone, dal cristianesimo, dal romanticismo e dalla psicanalisi freudiana, offrendo una lettura filosofica di testi appartenenti a fonti diverse e in grado di influenzare le idee e le pratiche attuali sull’amore.
Fin dove può arrivare la mente umana? Quanto è possibile rendersi consapevoli delle parti più remote e inaccessibili del nostro inconscio? A porsi questi interrogativi e a cercare di rispondervi è una ragazza appena diplomata, che in... more
Fin dove può arrivare la mente umana? Quanto è possibile rendersi consapevoli delle parti più remote e inaccessibili del nostro inconscio? A porsi questi interrogativi e a cercare di rispondervi è una ragazza appena diplomata, che in un’afosa estate meridionale viene colpita da una visione. Visione, non allucinazione o delirio: la protagonista, di nome Sofia, viene proiettata in un diverso stato di coscienza, nell’antica Grecia. Ciò la spinge a dare senso a un evento inspiegabile e a gettarsi nell’avventura, incontrando l’ipnosi regressiva e la teoria della reincarnazione. Nella dilatazione della propria coscienza si dispiega un viaggio affascinante, alla scoperta di una “sofia” che non è rigida sommatoria di nozioni, ma ricerca spirituale e rinnovamento del sé. Giunto alla seconda edizione e ripulito da imperfezioni stilistiche, il libro di Floriana Ferro è esoterico in senso nobile, dando luogo all’accoglienza del dolore e allo sforzo della redenzione.
Esiste una stretta correlazione nel pensiero di Levinas tra alterità, infinito e felicità. L'autore si distingue dai contemporanei per una concezione radicale di "altro", cui l'Io si relaziona in maniera asimmetrica. Tale presupposto... more
Esiste una stretta correlazione nel pensiero di Levinas tra alterità, infinito e felicità. L'autore si distingue dai contemporanei per una concezione radicale di "altro", cui l'Io si relaziona in maniera asimmetrica. Tale presupposto trova il suo culmine nell'idea di Infinito: Levinas si ispira alle Meditazioni di Cartesio, mettendone in discussione la concezione quantitativa del divino. La radicale esteriorità dell'Infinito ha come conseguenza il superamento della felicità, stadio egoistico che coincide con la pienezza dell'esistere. Il comandamento dell'Infinito, che si rivela nel Volto altrui, richiama l'Io a una totale donazione, aprendo tuttavia a una possibile alienazione del sé.
The book is about the history of the group from 1949 to 1967, and its aim is to present the movement "as something other than a merely sophisticated variant of revolutionary Marxism" (p. 3). Socialisme ou Barbarie is considered in its... more
The book is about the history of the group from 1949 to 1967, and its aim is to present the movement "as something other than a merely sophisticated variant of revolutionary Marxism" (p. 3). Socialisme ou Barbarie is considered in its specific historical context, when communism is already declined in a political paradigm (Stalinism) and takes shape in bureaucratic structures and institutions. In the first two chapters of the book, the author shows how the Hegelian framework of Marxian writings and its abstract laws are called into question, together with their Stalinist and Trotskyist interpretations. In France, the former give birth to bureaucratization: there is a separation between dirigéants and exécutants, and hierarchies are built according to the role performed inside the PCF (the French Communist Party) or the CGT (the General Work Confederation, that is the communist trade union). The Trotskyists, on the other side, go against the Stalinist falsification of Marxian writings, but they are not revolutionary enough, since they have lost contact with their proletarian basis. In the third chapter, Stephen Hastings-King points out how Socialisme ou Barbarie, through a historical and sociological interpretation of Marx, makes a phenomenological operation. It tries to assume the point of view of the worker and to analyse production, relations, and language from this perspective. According to what Lefort argues in 'L'experience prolétarienne' (1952), one can say that "only workers can know and write about their experience: revolutionary theory must be confined to analysing and interpreting what they write" (p. 108). Socialisme ou Barbarie is fundamentally an intellectual movement, which tries to redefine revolutionary theory through a new reading of Marx and his Leninist interpretation. However, every reflection will remain on an abstract and decontextualized level, if it does not refer to reality: in this case, the latter is represented by the productive life of the working class. Giving his book the title Looking for the proletariat, Hastings-King wants to show that all the efforts of Socialisme ou Barbarie are aimed at understanding the workers, helping them to acquire class consciousness and to shape political actions. This is the reason why the movement gives prominence to worker writing. The fifth chapter of the book shows how the group, through the newspaper Tribune Ouvrière, tries to give a voice to the collective at the factory of Renault Billancourt, whose political context is clearly defined in the fourth chapter. Hastings-King points out similarities and differences with another worker newspaper, the Detroit-based Correspondence project. After that, the author writes about Tribune Ouvrière and the role that Socialisme ou Barbarie plays in the process of its production, printing, and distribution.
In this paper we aim to find a definition of virtual which fits the latest developments of digital technology, but also applies to the analog world. We consider the virtual as related to immanence, taking inspiration from Deleuze’s... more
In this paper we aim to find a definition of virtual which fits the latest developments of digital technology, but also applies to the analog world. We consider the virtual as related to immanence, taking inspiration from Deleuze’s reading of Bergson and Merleau-Ponty’s last work. We first analyze Deleuze’s idea of immanence, from which virtuality emerges, then we focus on Merleau-Ponty’s concept of flesh and its virtual center. We argue that both philosophers see immanence as a dynamic medium of virtuality, overcoming the traditional concept of substance and theorizing a deep intertwining of bodies and technology. Our analysis shows that the virtual is defined by the following features: it implies an epistemological and ontological monism, relationality, and entanglement with reality. The virtual clearly emerges in digital technologies, but also belongs to analog reality, as a general condition for our knowing and being in the world as such.
Sommario Nel presente scritto, l'attività di insegnamento losooco viene sottoposta ad interrogativi riguardanti gli elementi che la caratteriz-zano, ovvero ciò che viene insegnato, chi insegna e a chi si insegna. Nasce così una... more
Sommario Nel presente scritto, l'attività di insegnamento losooco viene sottoposta ad interrogativi riguardanti gli elementi che la caratteriz-zano, ovvero ciò che viene insegnato, chi insegna e a chi si insegna. Nasce così una riiessione teoretica su tre concetti basilari, ovvero la losooa, il soggetto e l'altro. Attraverso le suggestioni di grandi pensatori, in primis l'Heidegger di Essere e Tempo, ma anche Plato-ne, Aristotele, Cartesio, Deleuze e Levinas, vengono proposte possibili deenizioni dei concetti suddetti. La losooa viene così considerata in senso statico, come sentiero diretto al sapere, e dinamico, come prassi sempre rinnovantesi. Per quanto riguarda il "chi", una volta stabilito che, per natura o necessità ontica, ogni uomo tende al sapere, viene deenito il soggetto in gra-do di insegnare la losooa ad altri. Questi può essere sia il semplice studioso di losooa, che il losofo vero e proprio. La diierenza tra i due si conngura come segue: il primo...
The aim of the paper is to develop the concept of perceptual relation and to apply it to digital environments. First, the meaning of perceptual relation is phenomenologically analyzed and defined as the interaction between the whole and... more
The aim of the paper is to develop the concept of perceptual relation and to apply it to digital environments. First, the meaning of perceptual relation is phenomenologically analyzed and defined as the interaction between the whole and its parts, which is theorized by the founders of Gestalt psychology. However, this relation is not considered as an intrinsic, but as an extended one, implying also the relation with the surrounding world (Umwelt). Subsequently, this concept of extended relation is applied to a chosen object (a ball) as it is perceived in four different kinds of digital dimensions (on-screen, virtual, augmented, and hybrid). Through a phenomenological analysis, I argue that, whereas the whole-part configuration remains the same, some modes of appearance of the object (multisensoriality, figure-ground interaction, affordances, and persistence) are different. In order to define this dynamic, I have coined the concept of transdimensional analogy.
The Western world is presently afflicted by a huge economic crisis, started in 2007 in the United States, with the collapse of the subprime mortgage market, and exploded in 2008 with the breakdown of Lehman Brothers[1]. Even if its most... more
The Western world is presently afflicted by a huge economic crisis, started in 2007 in the United States, with the collapse of the subprime mortgage market, and exploded in 2008 with the breakdown of Lehman Brothers[1]. Even if its most critical stage seems to be finished, capitalist countries find it difficult to recover. Globalization exported the effects of the crisis everywhere, but those that suffered the greatest damages are Europe and North America. The collapse of some financial companies is only the top of a huge iceberg. The crisis has roots in something deeper, in the principles and mechanisms of capitalism itself. The Western part of the world is still paying not for the mistakes of a few executives, but for a general lack of ethics in the whole system.
The relation between Levinas and Kierkegaard is controversial. In his writings, especially Difficult Freedom and Proper Names, the former strongly criticizes the latter: he goes against the submission of ethics to religion of Fear and... more
The relation between Levinas and Kierkegaard is controversial. In his writings, especially Difficult Freedom and Proper Names, the former strongly criticizes the latter: he goes against the submission of ethics to religion of Fear and Trembling and the view of subjectivity coming out from the Concluding Unscientific Postscript. Singularity and relation to God are then the principal points of collision between the two philosophers. Since Kierkegaard, for chronological reasons, has never replied to Levinas, one only knows the opinion of the latter. One will never know what the former would have said on his own behalf. Maybe he would have exacerbated the debate or maybe he would have tried to solve it. Perhaps he would have done both with two different pseudonyms, ironically making a fool of Levinas.
The relation between Levinas and Kierkegaard is controversial. In his writings, especially Difficult Freedom and Proper Names, the former strongly criticizes the latter: he goes against the submission of ethics to religion of Fear and... more
The relation between Levinas and Kierkegaard is controversial. In his writings, especially Difficult Freedom and Proper Names, the former strongly criticizes the latter: he goes against the submission of ethics to religion of Fear and Trembling and the view of subjectivity coming out from the Concluding Unscientific Postscript. Singularity and relation to God are then the principal points of collision between the two philosophers. Since Kierkegaard, for chronological reasons, has never replied to Levinas, one only knows the opinion of the latter. One will never know what the former would have said on his own behalf. Maybe he would have exacerbated the debate or maybe he would have tried to solve it. Perhaps he would have done both with two different pseudonyms, ironically making a fool of Levinas.
Human Rights and Public Finance contains ten articles about the implementation of economic and social rights through budget analysis. The editors are professors of Human Rights Law at the universities of Nottingham (Nolan), Ulster... more
Human Rights and Public Finance contains ten articles about the implementation of economic and social rights through budget analysis. The editors are professors of Human Rights Law at the universities of Nottingham (Nolan), Ulster (O’Connell) and Belfast (Harvey).
As it is written in the acknowledgments, Looking for the Proletariat is based on a doctoral dissertation, which was discussed at Cornell University in 1999, fifteen years before the publication of the book. Then the author decided to... more
As it is written in the acknowledgments, Looking for the Proletariat is based on a doctoral dissertation, which was discussed at Cornell University in 1999, fifteen years before the publication of the book. Then the author decided to deepen his research and make order, giving birth to a very interesting book. Stephen Hastings-King spent some years in Paris, where he had the privilege of meeting Cornelius Castoriadis, one of the most important representatives of the Socialisme ou Barbarie movement.
This paper is focused on the possibility of a dialogue between Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and phenomenology, a dialogue concerning the problem of objects and relations. In the first part, the author shows what is interesting in OOO... more
This paper is focused on the possibility of a dialogue between Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and phenomenology, a dialogue concerning the problem of objects and relations. In the first part, the author shows what is interesting in OOO from a phenomenological perspective and why it should be considered as a challenge for contemporary philosophy. The second part develops the phenomenological perspective of the author, a perspective based on Merleau-Ponty’s “carnal” phenomenology, as well as some suggestions coming from the Italian school of Gaetano Kanizsa. The third part is dedicated to the objections of the author to the OOO view regarding the separation between objects and relations: a separation which leads to Harman’s quadruple object. In the concluding portion, the author shows that, despite evident differences between phenomenological and OOO’s views of relations, OOO offers new starting points for phenomenological reflections, thanks to its specific focus on objects and its p...