Diện Nguyễn thị

In the context of Renovation in Vietnam, there is a large wave of peasant migrants moving out of agriculture to find the jobs in nonfarm sectors. The interactions of migration and agricultural production can be seen in different aspects. This research focused on behaviors of farm households. There are the less evidences of labor shortages at both production and hiring labors. Maintenance at reasonable level rather than rather than the abandonment or expansion of agricultural activites is likely the more popular trend. Although remittance presented as a stable financial inflow ensures the sufficient cash which would strenghten the rural households' livelihoods security and reduce force of selling agricultural production for cash, agriculture production is still fundamental livelihood activity for household security.Peer reviewe

differentiation in Vietnamese countryside. The complexities of agrarian changes under the post - socialist industrialization with high rate of agricultural land conversion in recent context reveal the new forms of capital accumulation and social differentiation. This research investigates how land conversion process to industrial zones and clusters affected to the way that different groups of peasant households accumulate their resources. The study was carried out in 3 districts of Hung Yen province from 2006 to 2010. The study results are as follows: first, the land conversion to industrialization has impact on not only the decline of household landholdings but also the changes value of land which are the sources of social conflicts and informal land transfer. Second, in the context of land conversion to industrialization with tiny plots of land, low return from agricultural production and more opportunities of non-farm activities, even when non-farm employment is very profitable, ...

Smallholder farming which is the important source of employment as well as food security, has become a priority on the development agenda, focusing attention on the next generation of farmers. However, emerging researches show that even though youth have potential qualities to promote agriculture, most of them appear reluctant to enter farming. The study aimed at finding out the determinants which influence rural youth participation in agriculture, and identified conditions under which capable youth being interested in agriculture. Based on the empirical findings in a village in Bacninh province through systematic survey and interviews, the study revealed that that age, sex, marital status, education level, family background, as well as the ability of rural credit facilities and land access are important factors associated with rural youth’s participation in agricultural activities. Furthermore, the perception on agriculture as a heavy work, low income and low status made farming unattractive prospect for many. The analysis suggests that factors new information communication technologies and associates desire for consumption have influence on decisions about farming choice. Moreover, majority of the respondents were attracted to invest independent in their own farms rather than being employed as agricultural labour or involved in family farms.Peer reviewe

Smallholder farming which is the important source of employment as well as food security, has become a priority on the development agenda, focusing attention on the next generation of farmers. However, emerging researches show that even though youth have potential qualities to promote agriculture, most of them appear reluctant to enter farming. The study aimed at finding out the determinants which influence rural youth participation in agriculture, and identified conditions under which capable youth being interested in agriculture. Based on the empirical findings in Red River Delta of Vietnam, the study revealed that that age, sex, marital status, education level, family background, as well as the ability of rural credit facilities and land access are important factors associated with rural youth’s participation in agricultural activities. Furthermore, the perception on agriculture as a heavy work, low income and low status made farming unattractive prospect for many. The analysis suggests that factors new information communication technologies and associates desire for consumption have influence on decisions about farming choice. Moreover, majority of the respondents were attracted to invest independent in their own farms rather than being employed as agricultural labour or involved in family farms.Peer reviewe

The pyridinedicarboxylate-Tb(III) complexes, TbPDC and Tb(PDC)3, as luminescent probes for ATP monitoring have been conveniently prepared and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, ESI-MS, UV-Vis, excitation, and emission spectroscopy. Interestingly, these two Tb(III) complexes were quenched by ATP by a similar mechanism via π-π stacking interaction between the chelating ligand and adenine moiety. The ability of luminescent probes applied for the determination of ATP in aqueous solution has been investigated. The dynamic ranges for the quantification of ATP are within 10−90 μM and 10−100 μM with detection limits of 7.62 and 11.20 μM for TbPDC and Tb(PDC)3, respectively. The results demonstrated that these luminescent probes would be a potential candidate assay for ATP monitoring in hygiene assessment.

Even though agricultural production has not been the main source of income for rural households in Red River Delta, yet farming remains an important livelihood and security for many rural people. The empirical findings from fieldwork in a village in the Red River Delta of Vietnam show how dependence on agriculture is determined by family context, including land, education and job of household members, their gender and age. Most educated young people have successfully found employment opportunities outside in the village as migratory wage labour, and have capacity to attain higher social status and become rural entrepreneurs. While less educated and older villagers consider agriculture as a more favorable alternative and valuable security. Besides, maintenance agricultural production at reasonable level and return to traditional cultivation is also considered as a rural household strategy coping with food security in industrialization and rural-urban linkage. Diverse and special extended livelihoods are contributed by historical, cultural and economic specificities which are conditioned for rural transformation.Peer reviewe