Governor of New Jersey

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New Jersey Governor

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General information
Office Type:  Partisan
Office website:  Official Link
Compensation:  $175,000
2024 FY Budget:  $13,745,000
Term limits:  Two consecutive terms
Structure
Length of term:   4 years
Authority:  New Jersey Constitution, Article V, Section I
Selection Method:  Elected
Current Officeholder

Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy
Democratic Party
Assumed office: 2018-01-16

Elections
Next election:  November 4, 2025
Last election:  November 2, 2021
Other New Jersey Executive Offices
GovernorLieutenant GovernorSecretary of StateAttorney GeneralTreasurerComptrollerCommissioner of EducationAgriculture SecretaryInsurance CommissionerCommissioner of Environmental ProtectionLabor CommissionerPublic Utilities Board

The Governor of the State of New Jersey is an elected constitutional officer, the head of the executive branch and the highest state office and only elected statewide office in New Jersey. The governor is popularly elected every four years by a plurality and is limited to two consecutive terms.[1]


New Jersey has a Democratic trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.


New Jersey has a Democratic triplex. The Democratic Party controls the offices of governor, secretary of state, and attorney general.

See also: New Jersey State Legislature, New Jersey General Assembly, New Jersey State Senate

Current officer

The 64th and current governor is Phil Murphy (D).[2] He was first elected in November 2017. Murphy previously served as U.S. Ambassador to Germany from 2009 to 2013.[3]

Authority

The state Constitution addresses the office of the governor in Article V, the Executive.

Under Article V, Section I:

The executive power shall be vested in a Governor.[1]

Qualifications

State Executives
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Current Governors
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Current Lt. Governors
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Candidates for governor must be:

  • at least 30 years old
  • a U.S. citizen for at least 20 years
  • a resident of New Jersey for at least seven years

No governor shall hold office in any other state or under the federal government, nor shall a sitting governor be elected to any legislative seat. Governors who accept any state or federal position or profit are considered to have vacated their seat.[1]

Vacancies

See also: How gubernatorial vacancies are filled

Details of vacancies are addressed under Article V, Section I, paragraph 6.

If the governor's office becomes vacant through resignation, removal, or death, then the lieutenant governor succeeds to the office.

If a governor-elect dies, the lieutenant governor-elect takes office as the governor.

After the lieutenant governor, the President of the New Jersey State Senate, followed by the Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly, complete the constitutionally prescribed line of succession.

The same line order applies if a governor is absent or temporarily unable to discharge the office, as well as when the governor-elect fails to qualify. In such cases, the acting governor serves until the absence, disqualification, or illness ends. The acting governor shall have all the "functions, powers, duties, and emoluments" of the governor's office.

If the governor has been absent or disqualified for six months, the Supreme Court of New Jersey, upon receipt of a concurrent resolution from the General Assembly, shall declare the office to be vacant.

The office shall be filled by an acting governor if less than one year remains in the current term; otherwise, a special election is called.

Duties

New Jersey

The governor of New Jersey is considered one of the most powerful governorships in the nation as it is the only state-wide (non-federal) elected office in the state. Thus, unlike many other states that have elections for some cabinet-level positions, under the New Jersey State Constitution the governor appoints the entire cabinet, subject to confirmation by the New Jersey Senate.

The governor is charged with faithfully upholding and executing the laws of New Jersey, a power that includes enforcing all constitutional and statutory mandates as well as restraining actions. New Jersey's governor is also the commander-in-chief of the militia.

He or she nominates all general and flag officers and the state militia and has ultimate authority for seeing that the state's militia is properly trained.[1]

Other duties and privileges of the office include:

  • Granting all commissions given to elected and appointed officers
  • Nominating officers to all appointed positions not otherwise provided for and making appointments, with the consent of the Senate
  • Convening the entire legislature or the Senate for extraordinary sessions
  • Vetoing bills subject to a super-majority override in the legislature
  • Granting pardons and reprieves, excluding cases of treason and impeachment[1]

Divisions

Note: Ballotpedia's state executive officials project researches state official websites for information that describes the divisions (if any exist) of a state executive office. That information for the Governor of New Jersey has not yet been added. After extensive research we were unable to identify any relevant information on state official websites. If you have any additional information about this office for inclusion on this section and/or page, please email us.

State budget

Role in state budget

See also: New Jersey state budget and finances

The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[4]

  1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in September.
  2. State agency requests are submitted in October.
  3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the New Jersey State Legislature on or before the fourth Tuesday in February.[5]
  4. The legislature adopts a budget on or before June 30. A simple majority is required to pass a budget.
  5. The fiscal year begins July 1.

New Jersey is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[4][6]

The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget. In turn, the legislature is also constitutionally required to pass a balanced budget.[4]

Governor's office budget

The budget for the Chief Executive Office of the Governor in Fiscal Year 2024 was $13,745,000.[7]

Elections

New Jersey state government organizational chart

New Jersey belongs to the handful of states that hold off-year elections, that is, elections in off-numbered years that are neither presidential nor midterm years. In New Jersey's case, elections are held in the year after a presidential and before a midterm; thus, 2021, 2025, 2029, and 2033 are all gubernatorial election years. Legally, the inauguration is always held the third Tuesday in the January after an election.[8]

New Jersey was, prior to the creation of the lieutenant governor's office, one of only three states, the others being Hawaii and Tennessee, where the governor is the only statewide elected office.

Term limits

See also: States with gubernatorial term limits

New Jersey governors are restricted to two consecutive terms in office, after which they must wait four years before being eligible to run again.

New Jersey Constitution, Article V, Section 1, Paragraph 5

No person who has been elected Governor for two successive terms, including an unexpired term, shall again be eligible for that office until the third Tuesday in January of the fourth year following the expiration of the second successive term.[1]

Partisan composition

The chart below shows the partisan breakdown of New Jersey governors from 1992 to 2013.
Governor of New Jersey Partisanship.PNG

Full history


Compensation

See also: Comparison of gubernatorial salaries and Compensation of state executive officers

The salaries of the governor and lieutenant governor are established by the New Jersey State Legislature as mandated by the state constitution. Article V, Section I, Paragraph 12 of the New Jersey Constitution says the following:[11]

Text of Section I, Paragraph 12:

10. a. The Governor and the Lieutenant Governor shall each receive for services a salary, which shall be neither increased nor diminished during the period for which the Governor or Lieutenant Governor shall have been elected or appointed. b. The Governor shall appoint the Lieutenant Governor to serve as the head of a principal department or other executive or administrative agency of State government, or delegate to the Lieutenant Governor duties of the office of Governor, or both. The Governor shall not appoint the Lieutenant Governor to serve as Attorney General. The Lieutenant Governor shall in addition perform such other duties as may be provided by law.[1]

State executive officers, along with judicial and legislative officials, have not received salary increases since 2002. A seven-member salary commission determined annual pay for state officials from its creation in 1999 until legislators eliminated the commission in 2014. All cabinet officials under the governor's office receive annual salaries of $141,000 as legislators have not approved pay increases since the commission's elimination.[12][13][14]

2022

In 2022, the officer's salary was $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[15]

2021

In 2021, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[16]

2020

In 2020, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[17]

2019

In 2019, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[18]

2018

In 2018, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[19]

2017

In 2017, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[20]

2016

In 2016, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[21]

2015

In 2015, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[22]

2014

In 2014, the governor received a salary of $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[23]

2013

In 2013, the governor's salary remained at $175,000, according to the Council of State Governments.[24]

2010

In 2010, the governor was paid $175,000 a year, the 4th highest gubernatorial salary in America at the time.[25]

History

Partisan balance 1992-2013

Who Runs the States Project
See also: Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States and Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States, New Jersey
Partisan breakdown of the New Jersey governorship from 1992-2013

From 1992-2013, in New Jersey there were Democratic governors in office for 10 years while there were Republican governors in office for 12 years, including the last four.

Across the country, there were 493 years of Democratic governors (44.82%) and 586 years of Republican governors (53.27%) from 1992 to 2013.

Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.

The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of New Jersey, the New Jersey State Senate and the New Jersey House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.

Partisan composition of New Jersey state government(1992-2013).PNG

SQLI and partisanship

New Jersey was one of eight states to demonstrate a dramatic partisan shift in the 22 years studied. A dramatic shift was defined by a movement of 40 percent or more toward one party over the course of the study period.

The chart below depicts the partisanship of New Jersey state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. New Jersey had Republican trifectas from 1994-2001 and Democratic trifectas from 2004-2009. There were four years when New Jersey finished in the top-10, all of those years with Republican trifectas.

  • SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 18.67
  • SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 9.75
  • SQLI average with divided government: 21.86
Chart displaying the partisanship of New Jersey government from 1992-2013 and the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI).

Historical officeholders

There have been 64 Governors of New Jersey since 1776. Of the 64 officeholders, 21 were Republican, 29 were Democrat, five were Jeffersonian-Republican, five were Federalist, three were Whig, and one is of unknown party affiliation.[26]

State profile

Demographic data for New Jersey
 New JerseyU.S.
Total population:8,935,421316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):7,3543,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:68.3%73.6%
Black/African American:13.5%12.6%
Asian:9%5.1%
Native American:0.2%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0%0.2%
Two or more:2.5%3%
Hispanic/Latino:19%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:88.6%86.7%
College graduation rate:36.8%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$72,093$53,889
Persons below poverty level:12.7%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in New Jersey.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

Presidential voting pattern

See also: Presidential voting trends in New Jersey

New Jersey voted for the Democratic candidate in all six presidential elections between 2000 and 2020.

Pivot Counties (2016)

Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, two are located in New Jersey, accounting for 0.97 percent of the total pivot counties.[27]

Pivot Counties (2020)

In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. New Jersey had one Retained Pivot County and one Boomerang Pivot County, accounting for 0.55 and 4.00 percent of all Retained and Boomerang Pivot Counties, respectively.

More New Jersey coverage on Ballotpedia

Contact information

Office of the Governor
PO Box 001
Trenton, NJ 08625
Phone:609-292-6000

See also

New Jersey State Executive Elections News and Analysis
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Party control of state government
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External links

Footnotes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 New Jersey Legislature, "New Jersey State Constitution 1947," accessed January 1, 2021
  2. State of New Jersey - Governor Phil Murphy, "Governor Phil Murphy," accessed January 18, 2021
  3. AllGov, "Ambassador to Germany: Who is Philip Murphy?" July 4, 2010
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
  5. The deadline may be extended for new governors with the agreement of the state legislature.
  6. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
  7. State of New Jersey, "Appropriations Handbook: Fiscal Year 2023-2024," accessed December 6, 2023
  8. New Jersey Constitution, "Article V, Section I," accessed November 4, 2021
  9. New Jersey Division of Elections, "Official List - Candidates for Governor and Lieutenant Governor," accessed November 7, 2017
  10. 10.0 10.1 New Jersey Division of Elections, "Official Primary Results 2017 - Governor," June 28, 2017
  11. New Jersey State Legislature, "New Jersey State Constitution 1947," accessed February 25, 2015
  12. NJ.com, "N.J. Republican leaders block pay raises for top state officials," September 28, 2011
  13. New Jersey State Legislature, "Joint Resolution No. 1," March 5, 1999
  14. LegiScan, "Assembly, No. 3067," February 7, 2013
  15. Council of State Governments, "Book of the States 2022 Table 4.11: Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," provided to Ballotpedia by CSG personnel
  16. Issuu, "The Book of the States 2021," accessed September 22, 2022
  17. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2020," accessed January 18, 2021
  18. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2019," accessed January 18, 2021
  19. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2018," accessed January 18, 2021
  20. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2017," accessed January 18, 2021
  21. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2016," accessed January 18, 2021
  22. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries, 2015," accessed January 18, 2021
  23. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed January 18, 2021
  24. Council of State Governments, "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries," June 25, 2013
  25. Council of State Governments, "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed January 18, 2021
  26. National Governors Association, "Former New Jersey Governors," accessed January 18, 2021
  27. The raw data for this study was provided by Dave Leip of Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.