Governor of Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Governor
General information
Office Type:	Partisan
Office website:	Official Link
Compensation:	$213,026
2024 FY Budget:	$8,139,000
Term limits:	Two consecutive terms
Structure
Length of term:	4 years
Authority:	Pennsylvania Constitution, Article IV, Section 2
Selection Method:	Elected
Current Officeholder
Governor of Pennsylvania Josh Shapiro Democratic Party Assumed office: 2023-01-17
Elections
Next election:	November 3, 2026
Last election:	November 8, 2022
Other Pennsylvania Executive Offices
Governor • Lieutenant Governor • Secretary of State • Attorney General • Treasurer • Auditor • Superintendent of Education • Agriculture Commissioner • Insurance Commissioner • Natural Resources Commissioner • Labor Commissioner • Public Service Commission

The Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is an elected constitutional officer, the head of the executive branch and the highest state office in Pennsylvania. The Governor is popularly elected every four years by a plurality and is limited to two consecutive terms.^[1]

Pennsylvania has a divided government where neither party holds a trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and the lower chamber of the state legislature, while the Republican Party controls the upper chamber of the state legislature.

Pennsylvania has a divided government where neither party holds a triplex. The Democratic Party controls the offices of governor and attorney general, while the Republican Party controls the office of secretary of state.

See also: Pennsylvania State Legislature, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Pennsylvania State Senate

Current officer

The 48th and current governor is Josh Shapiro, a Democrat elected in 2022. Shapiro began his first term in office on January 17, 2023, succeeding Democrat Tom Wolf.

Authority

The state Constitution addresses the office of the governor in Article IV, the Executive Department.

Under Article IV, Section 2:

Qualifications

State Executives
Current Governors
Gubernatorial Elections
2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014
Current Lt. Governors
Lt. Governor Elections
2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014

A candidate for the governor must be:

• a citizen of the United States
• at least 30 years old
• a resident of Pennsylvania for at least seven years

Additionally, the governor may not hold Congressional office, any other office under the Commonwealth, or any federal office. The exception is that the governor may be a reserve member of the National Guard.^[1]

Vacancies

See also: How gubernatorial vacancies are filled

Details of vacancy appointments are addressed under Article IV, Section 13 and 14.

If the office of Governor becomes vacant through death, resignation, or conviction on impeachment, the Lieutenant Governor becomes Governor for the remainder of the term; if the office is only temporarily vacant due to disability of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor only acts out the duties of Governor.

Should both offices be vacant, the president pro tempore of the Senate becomes Governor. The position of Lieutenant Governor was created in the 1874 state constitution; prior to then, the Speaker of the Senate would act as governor in cases of vacancy.

Duties

The Governor is the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces (§ 7). The governor has a duty to enforce state laws (§ 2), the power to approve or veto bills passed by the Pennsylvania Legislature subject to a two-thirds override (§ 15), and to convene the legislature for extraordinary sessions (§ 12).

The governor may grant pardons, reprieves, and commutations except in cases of impeachment, but only when recommended by the Board of Pardons (§ 9). The Board of Pardons consists of the Lieutenant Governor, the Attorney General, and three gubernatorial appointees, each of whom must be confirmed by a two-third vote of the Senate and who serve a six year term.

Other duties and privileges of the office include:

• Appointing the Secretary of Education and all other offices not otherwise provided for, subject to the advice and two-third consent of the Senate (§ 8)

• Requiring written information from the head of any executive department on any aspect of that department's work (§ 10)

• Periodically addressing the General Assembly on the state of the state and making recommendation for legislation (§ 11)

• Adjourning the legislature when the body cannot agree to do so itself, for a period not to exceed four months (§ 12)

• Convening the Senate by special proclamation for the purposes of transacting executive business (§ 13)

• Vetoing appropriation bills, subject to legislative override (§ 16)

• Signing and sealing, with "The Great Seal of the State of Pennsylvania," all commissions granted by the state of Pennsylvania (§ 19)^[1]

Elections

Pennsylvania state government organizational chart

Pennsylvania elects governors in the midterm elections, that is, even years that are not presidential election years. For Pennsylvania, 2018, 2022, 2026, 2030, and 2034 are all gubernatorial election years. Legally, the gubernatorial inauguration is always set for the third Tuesday in the January following an election.

In the event of a tie, a joint session of the legislature shall cast ballots to choose the governor from the two top vote getters.

If an election's outcome is contested, the members of both chambers of the legislature shall select members of the special Commission to resolve the contest.^[1]

Term limits

See also: States with gubernatorial term limits

Pennsylvania governors are restricted to two consecutive terms in office, after which they must wait one term before being eligible to run again.

Pennsylvania Constitution, Article IV, Section 3

Partisan composition

The chart below shows the partisan breakdown of Pennsylvania governors from 1992 to 2013.

2022

See also: Pennsylvania gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2022

General election

General election for Governor of Pennsylvania

Josh Shapiro defeated Doug Mastriano, Matt Hackenburg, Christina Digiulio, and Joseph Soloski in the general election for Governor of Pennsylvania on November 8, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Josh Shapiro (D)	56.5	3,031,137
		Doug Mastriano (R)	41.7	2,238,477
		Matt Hackenburg (L)	1.0	51,611
		Christina Digiulio (G)	0.5	24,436
		Joseph Soloski (Keystone Party of Pennsylvania)	0.4	20,518

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 5,366,179
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Eddie Wenrich (Independent)
• Christina Olson (Green Party of Pennsylvania)

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Governor of Pennsylvania

Josh Shapiro advanced from the Democratic primary for Governor of Pennsylvania on May 17, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Josh Shapiro	100.0	1,227,151

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,227,151
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Tega Swann (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for Governor of Pennsylvania

The following candidates ran in the Republican primary for Governor of Pennsylvania on May 17, 2022.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Doug Mastriano	43.8	591,240
		Lou Barletta	20.3	273,252
		Bill McSwain	15.8	212,886
		David White	9.6	129,058
		Melissa Hart	4.1	54,752
		Joe Gale	2.1	27,920
		Jake Corman III (Unofficially withdrew)	1.9	26,091
		Charlie Gerow	1.3	17,922
		Nche Zama	1.2	16,238

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 1,349,359
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

• Jason Monn (R)
• Guy Ciarrocchi (R)
• Scott Martin (R)
• Jason Richey (R)
• John Ventre (R)

2018

See also: Pennsylvania gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018

General election

General election for Governor of Pennsylvania

Incumbent Tom Wolf defeated Scott Wagner, Ken Krawchuk, and Paul Glover in the general election for Governor of Pennsylvania on November 6, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Tom Wolf (D)	57.8	2,895,652
		Scott Wagner (R)	40.7	2,039,882
		Ken Krawchuk (L)	1.0	49,229
		Paul Glover (G)	0.6	27,792

---

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 5,012,555 (100.00% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for Governor of Pennsylvania

Incumbent Tom Wolf advanced from the Democratic primary for Governor of Pennsylvania on May 15, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Tom Wolf	100.0	749,812

---

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 749,812
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for Governor of Pennsylvania

Scott Wagner defeated Paul Mango and Laura Ellsworth in the Republican primary for Governor of Pennsylvania on May 15, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Scott Wagner	44.3	326,612
		Paul Mango	36.9	271,857
		Laura Ellsworth	18.8	138,843

---

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 737,312
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Full history

2014

See also: Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, 2014

Democrat Tom Wolf won election on November 4, 2014.

Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania, 2014
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Tom Wolf/Mike Stack	54.9%	1,920,355
	Republican	Tom Corbett/Jim Cawley Incumbent	45.1%	1,575,511
Total Votes				3,495,866
Election results via Pennsylvania Department of State

To view the electoral history dating back to 2002 for the office of Governor/Lt. Governor of Pennsylvania, click [show] to expand the section.

Pennsylvania's Governors and Lieutenant Governors run on the same ticket. 2010 On November 2, 2010, Tom Corbett/Jim Cawley won election to the office of Governor/Lt. Gov. of Pennsylvania. They defeated Dan Onorato/H. Scott Conklin in the general election. Governor/Lt. Gov. of Pennsylvania, 2010 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Republican Tom Corbett/Jim Cawley 54.5% 2,172,763      Democratic Dan Onorato/H. Scott Conklin 45.5% 1,814,788 Total Votes 3,987,551 Election results via Pennsylvania Department of State. 2006 On November 7, 2006, Ed Rendell/Catherine Baker Knoll won re-election to the office of Governor/Lt. Gov. of Pennsylvania. They defeated Lynn Swann/Jim Matthews in the general election. Governor/Lt. Gov. of Pennsylvania, 2006 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Ed Rendell/Catherine Baker Knoll Incumbent 60.4% 2,470,517      Republican Lynn Swann/Jim Matthews 39.6% 1,622,135 Total Votes 4,092,652 Election results via Pennsylvania Department of State. 2002 On November 5, 2002, Ed Rendell/Catherine Baker Knoll won election to the office of Governor/Lt. Gov. of Pennsylvania. They defeated Mike Fisher/Jane M. Earll, Ken V. Krawchuk/Henry E. Haller and Michael Morrill/Vicki J. Smedley in the general election. Governor/Lt. Gov. of Pennsylvania, 2002 Party Candidate Vote % Votes      Democratic Ed Rendell/Catherine Baker Knoll 53.4% 1,913,235      Republican Mike Fisher/Jane M. Earll 44.4% 1,589,408      Libertarian Ken V. Krawchuk/Henry E. Haller 1.1% 40,923      Green Michael Morrill/Vicki J. Smedley 1.1% 38,423 Total Votes 3,581,989 Election results via Pennsylvania Department of State.

Divisions

Note: Ballotpedia's state executive officials project researches state official websites for information that describes the divisions (if any exist) of a state executive office. That information for the Governor of Pennsylvania has not yet been added. After extensive research we were unable to identify any relevant information on state official websites. If you have any additional information about this office for inclusion on this section and/or page, please email us.

State budget

Role in state budget

See also: Pennsylvania state budget and finances

The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:^[2]

1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in August.
2. State agencies submit their requests to the governor in October.
3. Agency hearings are held between December and January.
4. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature in February. In a governor's first term, the budget proposal is submitted in March.
5. The legislature adopts a budget by June 30. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins July 1.

Pennsylvania is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.^[2][3]

The governor is legally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is required to pass a balanced budget.^[2]

Governor's office budget

The budget for the Governor's office in Fiscal Year 2024 was $8,139,000.^[4]

Compensation

See also: Comparison of gubernatorial salaries and Compensation of state executive officers

The governor's salary is set by statute and subject to cost-of-living adjustments, also known as COLAs, pursuant to Section 3(e) of the Public Official Compensation Law (amended in 1995). This law mandates that Pennsylvania executives' salaries "shall be increased by applying the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland area for the most recent 12-month period for which figures have been officially reported by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) immediately prior to the date adjustment is due to take effect."^[5]

2022

In 2022, the officer's salary was $213,026, according to the Council of State Governments.^[6]

2021

In 2021, the governor received a salary of $201,729, according to the Council of State Governments.^[7]

2020

In 2020, the governor received a salary of $201,729, according to the Council of State Governments.^[8]

2019

In 2019, the governor received a salary of $194,850, according to the Council of State Governments.^[9]

2018

In 2018, the governor received a salary of $194,850, according to the Council of State Governments.^[10]

2017

In 2017, the governor received a salary of $193,304, according to the Council of State Governments.^[11]

2016

In 2016, the governor received a salary of $190,823, according to the Council of State Governments.^[12]

2015

In 2015, the governor’s salary was increased to $190,823, according to the Council of State Governments.^[13]

2014

In 2014, the governor received a salary of $187,818, according to the Council of State Governments.^[14]

2013

In 2013, the governor's salary was $187,256, according to the Council of State Governments. However, Gov. Corbett refused several cost-of-living adjustments during his tenure, returning the increases to the state, making his actual pay closer to $175,000.^[15]

2010

In 2010, the governor was paid $174,914 a year, the 6th highest gubernatorial salary in America.^[16]

Historical officeholders

Counting non-consecutive terms, there have been 50 governors of Pennsylvania since 1799. (Otherwise, there have been 48). Of the 48 officeholders, 25 were Republican, 11 were Democratic, 7 were Democratic-Republicans, 1 was a Federalist, 1 was Anti-Masonic, 1 was a Jacksonian Democrat, 1 was a Whig, and 1 was a Whig/Republican.^[17]

List of officeholders from 1799-present
#	Name	Tenure	Party
1	Thomas Mifflin	1788 - 1799	Federalist
2	Thomas McKean	1799 - 1808	Democratic-Republican
3	Simon Snyder	1808 - 1817	Democratic-Republican
4	William Findlay	1817 - 1820	Democratic-Republican
5	Joseph Hiester	1820 - 1823	Democratic-Republican
6	John Andrew Shulze	1823 - 1829	Democratic-Republican
7	George Wolf	1829 - 1835	Democratic-Republican
8	Joseph Ritner	1835 - 1839	Anti-Masonic
9	David Rittenhouse Porter	1839 - 1845	Democratic-Republican
10	Francis Rawn Shunk	1845 - 1848	Jacksonian Democrat
11	William Freame Johnston	1848 - 1852	Whig
12	William Bigler	1852 - 1855	Democratic
13	James Pollock	1855 - 1858	Whig/Republican
14	William Fisher Packer	1858 - 1861	Democratic
15	Andrew Gregg Curtin	1861 - 1867	Republican
16	John White Geary	1867 - 1873	Republican
17	John Frederick Hartranft	1873 - 1879	Republican
18	Henry Martyn Hoyt	1879 - 1883	Republican
19	Robert Emory Pattison	1883 - 1887	Democratic
20	James Addams Beaver	1887 - 1891	Republican
19	Robert Emory Pattison	1891 – 1895	Democratic
21	Daniel Hartman Hastings	1895 - 1899	Republican
22	William Alexis Stone	1899 - 1903	Republican
23	Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker	1903 - 1907	Republican
24	Edwin Sydney Stuart	1907 - 1911	Republican
25	John Kinley Tener	1911 - 1915	Republican
26	Martin Grove Brumbaugh	1915 - 1919	Republican
27	William Cameron Sproul	1919 - 1923	Republican
28	Gifford Pinchot	1923 - 1927	Republican
29	John Stuchell Fisher	1927 - 1931	Republican
28	Gifford Pinchot	1931 – 1935	Republican
30	George Howard Earle	1935 - 1939	Democratic
31	Arthur Horace James	1939 - 1943	Republican
32	Edward Martin	1943 - 1947	Republican
33	John Cromwell Bell	1947 - 1947	Republican
34	James Henderson Duff	1947 - 1951	Republican
35	John Sydney Fine	1951 - 1955	Republican
36	George Michael Leader	1955 - 1959	Democratic
37	David Leo Lawrence	1959 - 1963	Democratic
38	William W. Scranton	1963 - 1967	Republican
39	Raymond Philip Shafer	1967 - 1971	Republican
40	Milton Jerrold Shapp	1971 - 1979	Democratic
41	Dick Thornburgh	1979 - 1987	Republican
42	Robert P. Casey	1987 - 1995	Democratic
43	Tom Ridge	1995 - 2001	Republican
44	Mark Schweiker	2001 - 2003	Republican
45	Edward G. Rendell	2003 - 2011	Democratic
46	Tom Corbett	2011 – 2015	Republican
47	Tom Wolf	2015 – 2023	Democratic
48	Josh Shapiro	2023 – present	Democratic

History

Partisan balance 1992-2013

See also: Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States and Ballotpedia:Who Runs the States, Pennsylvania

Partisan breakdown of the Pennsylvania governorship from 1992-2013

From 1992-2013, in Pennsylvania there were Democratic governors in office for 11 years while there were Republican governors in office for 11 years, including the last three. Pennsylvania was under Republican trifectas for the last three years of the study period.

Across the country, there were 493 years of Democratic governors (44.82%) and 586 years of Republican governors (53.27%) from 1992 to 2013.

Over the course of the 22-year study, state governments became increasingly more partisan. At the outset of the study period (1992), 18 of the 49 states with partisan legislatures had single-party trifectas and 31 states had divided governments. In 2013, only 13 states had divided governments, while single-party trifectas held sway in 36 states, the most in the 22 years studied.

The chart below shows the partisan composition of the Office of the Governor of Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania State Senate and the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1992 to 2013.

SQLI and partisanship

The chart below depicts the partisanship of Pennsylvania state government and the state's SQLI ranking for the years studied. For the SQLI, the states were ranked from 1-50, with 1 being the best and 50 the worst. Pennsylvania had a Democratic trifecta in 1993, but switched two years later to a Republican trifecta that lasted from 1995-2002. The state had a divided government for many years until a Republican trifecta returned in 2011. Pennsylvania's worst SQLI ranking, finishing 30th, occurred in 1994 during a divided government and in 2012 during a Republican trifecta. The state's best ranking, finishing 19th, occurred from 1999-2000 during a Republican trifecta and again in 2004 during a divided government.

• SQLI average with Democratic trifecta: 25.00
• SQLI average with Republican trifecta: 23.70
• SQLI average with divided government: 25.20

Chart displaying the partisanship of Pennsylvania government from 1992-2013 and the State Quality of Life Index (SQLI).

State profile

Presidential voting pattern

See also: Presidential voting trends in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania voted for the Democratic candidate in five out of the six presidential elections between 2000 and 2020.

Pivot Counties (2016)

Ballotpedia identified 206 counties that voted for Donald Trump (R) in 2016 after voting for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012. Collectively, Trump won these Pivot Counties by more than 580,000 votes. Of these 206 counties, three are located in Pennsylvania, accounting for 1.46 percent of the total pivot counties.^[18]

Pivot Counties (2020)

In 2020, Ballotpedia re-examined the 206 Pivot Counties to view their voting patterns following that year's presidential election. Ballotpedia defined those won by Trump won as Retained Pivot Counties and those won by Joe Biden (D) as Boomerang Pivot Counties. Nationwide, there were 181 Retained Pivot Counties and 25 Boomerang Pivot Counties. Pennsylvania had one Retained Pivot County and two Boomerang Pivot Counties, accounting for 0.55 and 8.00 percent of all Retained and Boomerang Pivot Counties, respectively.

More Pennsylvania coverage on Ballotpedia

• Elections in Pennsylvania
• United States congressional delegations from Pennsylvania
• Public policy in Pennsylvania
• Influencers in Pennsylvania
• Pennsylvania fact checks
• More...

Contact information

Office of the Governor
508 Main Capitol Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120
Phone:717-787-2500
Fax:717-772-8284

See also

Pennsylvania	State Executive Elections	News and Analysis
Pennsylvania State Executive Offices Pennsylvania State Legislature Pennsylvania Courts	2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 Pennsylvania elections: 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016	Party control of state government State government trifectas State of the state addresses Partisan composition of governors

External links

• Search Google News for this topic
• Office of the Pennsylvania Governor

Footnotes

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