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Islamicists have long been interested in the historiography of the sira and maghazl literature. Ibn Ishaq's Sira has been fruitfully compared with al-Waqidi's Maghazl, and both have been compared with sections in... more
Islamicists have long been interested in the historiography of the sira and maghazl literature. Ibn Ishaq's Sira has been fruitfully compared with al-Waqidi's Maghazl, and both have been compared with sections in al-Bukhari's Sahih or with other collections of hadith.' It has often been ...
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The concern to acquaint the Muslims of India with the earliest history of Islam, and to help them become better Muslims, has characterised the Nadwat al-??Ulam??'s historical scholarship since its... more
The concern to acquaint the Muslims of India with the earliest history of Islam, and to help them become better Muslims, has characterised the Nadwat al-??Ulam??'s historical scholarship since its inception in 1894. This paper concentrates on a monumental study of ...
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A significant number of patients awaiting liver transplantation have associated renal failure. Combined Liver and Kidney Transplantation (CLKT) is increasingly offered especially since the introduction of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease... more
A significant number of patients awaiting liver transplantation have associated renal failure. Combined Liver and Kidney Transplantation (CLKT) is increasingly offered especially since the introduction of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD). Decision to perform CLKT is straightforward when both organs suffer end-stage failure. However, the indications for CLKT are not well defined and there is controversy concerning some. We reviewed available data on PUBMED, United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN), European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) and discuss all current indications for CLKT. Overall long-term outcome following CLKT is acceptable. There is an urgent need to further refine our ability to identify the cases with reversible renal injury in the setting of end-stage liver disease to avoid unnecessary CLKT. Liver protects the kidney from disease recurrence and allograft loss in metabolic diseases. However, the use of liver allograft for immunological protection of kidneys in highly sensitised patients with positive cross-match and previously failed renal transplants is still experimental.
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The cellular mechanisms involved in mediating cytoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury are not well understood. In animal models, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) protects against IR injury by transcriptional activation of... more
The cellular mechanisms involved in mediating cytoprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury are not well understood. In animal models, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) protects against IR injury by transcriptional activation of phase II antioxidants. Here, we investigate how the expression of Nrf2 mRNA in human donor livers in the setting of liver transplantation (LT) correlates with the histological damage associated with IR injury and whether or not this influences the outcome of LT. Pairs of biopsies were acquired from 14 donor livers; the first biopsy of each pair was taken at the start of the retrieval operation, prior to the IR phase of LT and the second at the end of transplantation. RNA was extracted from snap frozen tissue and cDNA was prepared. Nrf2 mRNA expression was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The modified Suzuki scoring system was used for histological grading of IR injury and relevant donor, recipient, and after LT clinical data were compiled. Nrf2 expression was observed in all biopsies, both before and after IR. Some donor organs had greater expression of Nrf2 mRNA before IR injury, and these organs had lower Suzuki scores and better liver functions (ALT) after LT. Donors of livers with greater Nrf2 levels were significantly younger (40.5 yrs, range 28-53 yrs) than those with low Nrf2 levels (55.5 yrs, range 48-61 yrs), P<0.05. Livers from older donors have lower levels of Nrf2 perhaps exposing these organs to more IR-related damage.
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Research Interests: Cardiology, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Humans, Pneumonia, Male, and 3 moreAnesthesia, Clinical Sciences, and Chest
A 39-year-old man with AIDS presented with cough, chest pain, dyspnea on exertion, fever, and a cavitary lesion in the upper lobe of the left lung. The cavity increased in size over the next five months with disease involvement limited to... more
A 39-year-old man with AIDS presented with cough, chest pain, dyspnea on exertion, fever, and a cavitary lesion in the upper lobe of the left lung. The cavity increased in size over the next five months with disease involvement limited to the left upper lobe. Pneumocystis carinii infection was then diagnosed. Symptoms and cavity resolved with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy.
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This paper is concerned with Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) for energizing critical and sensitive loads in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) where the reliability is the first priority. As easy expandability and... more
This paper is concerned with Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) for energizing critical and sensitive loads in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) where the reliability is the first priority. As easy expandability and modularity are other objectives of the design, common ac bus structure is selected for this application. The ac power sharing is based on wireless control scheme, which
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An algorithm and optimization analysis results for standalone (wind and solar) and hybrid renewable power sources is presented. A generic iteration approach considering dual criteria, namely power reliability and minimum cost of energy is... more
An algorithm and optimization analysis results for standalone (wind and solar) and hybrid renewable power sources is presented. A generic iteration approach considering dual criteria, namely power reliability and minimum cost of energy is considered for the analysis. Yearlong environmental data (wind speed and solar insolation) is used to test and validate the model. The complimentary nature of the two energy sources is outlined. The cumulative day based analysis may be a necessary approach for unit size analysis, but it does not warranty for full power reliability. Hourly analysis provides 100 percent reliability, but involves large number of power generating units.
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ABSTRACT
Research Interests: Biogeochemistry, Plant Biology, Sewage sludge, Ph, Respiration, and 15 moreSoil sciences, Microbial Biomass, Mineralization, Rice Husk, Moisture Content, Soil management, soil pH, Organic C, Soil Type, Organic Waste, Soil science and plant nutrition, Soil Chemical Properties, Soil Amendment, Cumulant, and Emission rate
Ni ion loaded iron hydroxide was used for sorption of both Phosphate and Cd ions from aqueous solution at 303 K and pH range 3–7 in 0.1 M KNO3 as a background electrolyte. The surface charge density of the loaded surface was computed from... more
Ni ion loaded iron hydroxide was used for sorption of both Phosphate and Cd ions from aqueous solution at 303 K and pH range 3–7 in 0.1 M KNO3 as a background electrolyte. The surface charge density of the loaded surface was computed from potentiometric titrations both in the presence of 0.1 M KNO3 and 0.01 M Phosphate. It was noted that the presence of phosphate alters the surface and decreases the point of zero charge toward lower pH. The sorption of phosphate was observed to increase with concentration and decrease with increase in pH of the system. However, the sorption of Cd was observed to increase both with increase in concentration and pH of the system. The Freundlich equation was successfully applied to the sorption data which gives a straight line with the R (regression coefficient) values in between 0.94 to 0.99.
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Cells interact with both tethered and motile ligands in their extracellular environment to initiate and regulate signaling, adhesion, and migration. A quantitative and fundamental understanding of these receptor-ligand interactions is... more
Cells interact with both tethered and motile ligands in their extracellular environment to initiate and regulate signaling, adhesion, and migration. A quantitative and fundamental understanding of these receptor-ligand interactions is necessary for drug discovery, tissue engineering, and biomaterial fabrication. In this paper, we present a mean field approach to quantify the fundamental thermodynamics of interaction between the cell surface receptors and motile ligands in solvent. Our studies show that the free energy of interaction between the receptors and the nanosized ligands depends strongly on the ligand size and the effects at lower and higher concentrations show completely opposite trends that cannot be explained by simple scaling laws. In addition, we also observe various regimes of strong and weak adhesion as a function of ligand size and concentration. Our calculations provide insights into understanding cell-matrix interactions at a fundamental level as well as to identify potential avenues for fabrication of nanoligands for therapeutic and biotechnological purposes.
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Tumor size at resection and flow cytometric (FCM) DNA distribution of 93 pathologically confirmed AJC Stage I adenocarcinomas of lung were compared with survival. All lung cancers had been treated by lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node... more
Tumor size at resection and flow cytometric (FCM) DNA distribution of 93 pathologically confirmed AJC Stage I adenocarcinomas of lung were compared with survival. All lung cancers had been treated by lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection at this Institution, and the pathology of all cases was reviewed. Median tumor size was 2.5 cm. FCM DNA assays were carried out on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue. Seventy-nine (85%) of the tumors were aneuploid and 14 were diploid. There was no significant difference in survival between patients with diploid and aneuploid tumors. The DNA index, proliferation fraction, and fraction of aneuploid cells also had no effect on survival. However, patients with tumors smaller than 3 cm in diameter had a significantly better prognosis than those with larger tumors. Thus, in Stage I adenocarcinoma of lung, tumor size but not cellular DNA content distinguishes subgroups with favorable versus unfavorable prognosis.
Research Interests: Surgery, Cancer, Flow Cytometry, DNA, Cytogenetics, and 10 moreHumans, Female, Male, Aneuploidy, Aged, DNA content, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Diploidy, and Adenocarcinoma(Humans, Female, Male, Aneuploidy, Aged, DNA content, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Diploidy, and Adenocarcinoma)
(Humans, Female, Male, Aneuploidy, Aged, DNA content, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Diploidy, and Adenocarcinoma)
A complete understanding of the interaction of the cell with the surrounding substrate requires a quantitative understanding of the force with which they adhere to the matrix. Using mean field theory, we provide a new and robust method to... more
A complete understanding of the interaction of the cell with the surrounding substrate requires a quantitative understanding of the force with which they adhere to the matrix. Using mean field theory, we provide a new and robust method to calculate this force of cellular adhesion to a ligand coated substrate in a system that contains receptors, ligands and solvent. Our
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Research Interests: Information Systems, Cancer, Risk, Lung Cancer, Prospective studies, and 9 moreHumans, Smoking, Male, New York, Aged, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Age Factors, and Sputum
The purpose of this study was to introduce the technology for the development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery system to overcome various physiological problems. Several approaches are being used for the purpose of increasing the... more
The purpose of this study was to introduce the technology for the development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery system to overcome various physiological problems. Several approaches are being used for the purpose of increasing the gastric retentive time, including floating drug delivery system. Gastric floating lisinopril maleate and metoprolol tartrate bilayer tablets were formulated by direct compression method using the sodium starch glycolate, crosscarmellose sodium for IR layer. Eudragit L100, pectin, acacia as sustained release polymers in different ratios for SR metoprolol tartrate layer and sodium bicarbonate, citric acid as gas generating agents for the floating extended release layer. The floating bilayer tablets of lisinopril maleate and metoprolol tartrate were designed to overcome the various problems associated with conventional oral dosage form. Floating tablets were evaluated for floating lag time, drug contents and in-vitro dissolution profile and different kinetic release models were applied. It was clear that the different ratios of polymers affected the drug release and floating time. L2 and M4 showed good drug release profile and floating behavior. The linear regression and model fitting showed that all formulation followed Higuchi model of drug release model except M4 that followed zero order kinetic. From the study it is evident that a promising controlled release by floating bilyer tablets of lisinopril maleate and metoprolol tartrate can be developed successfully.
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We report the results of longest to date simulation on misfolding of monomeric human prion protein (HuPrP). By comparing our simulation of a partially unfolded protein to the simulation of the native protein, we observe that the native... more
We report the results of longest to date simulation on misfolding of monomeric human prion protein (HuPrP). By comparing our simulation of a partially unfolded protein to the simulation of the native protein, we observe that the native protein as well as native regions in the partially unfolded protein remain in the native state, and the unfolded regions fold back with increased extended (sheet and PP-II) conformations. The misfolded regions show increased basin hopping from non-helical basins while the amino acids locked in the helical conformation tend to stay locked in that conformation. Our results also validate the hypothesis that denaturation of helices and formation of a partially unfolded intermediate is required for misfolding as the native protein stayed in native conformation for the entire simulation. Finally, we also observe that there is no correlation between misfolding and the chemical identity of amino acids, as both hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids showed equal probability of sampling extensively from non-native conformations.
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Percutaneous fine needle aspiration (FNA) for cytologic examination is an accepted and reliable technique for diagnosing neoplasia. It is less useful, however, in excluding that diagnosis. We performed a retrospective analysis of a... more
Percutaneous fine needle aspiration (FNA) for cytologic examination is an accepted and reliable technique for diagnosing neoplasia. It is less useful, however, in excluding that diagnosis. We performed a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of pulmonary FNA specimens at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to determine the negative predictive value (NPV) of this technique in the setting of a large cancer hospital. Fifty-seven cases were studied. Six cases (10.5%) were initially diagnosed as negative but acellular and were not further analyzed, and another 6 were lost to follow-up; 24 cases (42.1%) were subsequently confirmed negative by tissue or clinical follow-up, and 21 of the cases (36.8%) were proven positive for malignancy by repeat aspiration, tissue diagnosis or clinical means. Of these 21 cases, 1 was misdiagnosed as negative, and review demonstrated malignant cells on the slide; 3 of the 21 cases should have been initially rejected as unsatisfactory, and 18 of the 21 contained material sufficient for a cytologic diagnosis but not representative of the lesion. On follow-up the false-negative cases showed primary adenocarcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma, lymphoma, metastatic breast carcinoma and metastatic sarcoma. Specific benign diagnoses were made on the initial cytologic preparation in three cases. No benign tumors were found. The NPV in our series was 53.3%, comparable to values in previous reports. The single largest factor contributing to false-negative diagnoses is sampling error, and we recommend repeat aspiration when no specific benign diagnosis is made. In addition, we suggest that the diagnoses of negative for malignant cells and insufficient for diagnosis or acellular be considered separate categories.
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Oxides of Fe, Al, and Mn have been studied extensively for heavy metals fixation in soil. However, little is known about the effect of anions on the desorption processes of these metals, especially from manganese dioxide. The purpose of... more
Oxides of Fe, Al, and Mn have been studied extensively for heavy metals fixation in soil. However, little is known about the effect of anions on the desorption processes of these metals, especially from manganese dioxide. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of residence time, temperature, and interacting anions on desorption of Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Cu(2+) from MnO(2). MnO(2) was characterized by different experimental techniques prior to desorption studies. The sorption-desorption studies were conducted for Pb(2+), Cu(2+), and Cd(2+) ions in the presence of different electrolytes and at different temperature in the range 293-323 K. For all the sorption experiments, Pb(2+) sorption was the greatest and almost 100% sorption occurred in the presence of 0.001 M potassium phosphate. The sorption of metals under investigation followed the order Pb(2+)>Cu(2+)>Cd(2+), whereas the desorption order was Cd(2+)>Cu(2+)>Pb(2+) in 0.01 M potassium nitrate and sulphate. Only a small quantity of desorbed Pb was detected, even at the low value of pH 3. These results indicated the stability of lead phosphate precipitates or that phosphate treatment imparted stability to the ternary complexes formed at the MnO(2) surface. The detailed desorption kinetics were conducted only for Cd(2+) in 0.01 M potassium nitrate or 0.001 M phosphate at pH values of 3 and 4 in the temperature range 303-323 K. A substantial decrease in Cd(2+) desorption was noted with increasing pH and temperature and the desorption process reached equilibration in 3h at pH 4. However, at pH 3 the desorption fluctuated, which is probably due the dissolution of the solid at such low pH values.
Research Interests: Soil, Kinetics, Multidisciplinary, Adsorption, Heavy metals, and 17 moreHeavy Metal, Lead, Temperature, Potassium, Sorption, Dissolution, Desorption, Anions, XPS, Electrolytes, Time Factors, Trace element, Oxides, Manganese Compounds, Residence Time, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, and Temperature Effect
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Research Interests: Tissue Engineering, Cell Migration, Biophysical Chemistry, Extracellular Matrix, Biological Sciences, and 16 moreElasticity, Cell line, Porosity, Collagen, Mice, Animals, Physical sciences, Pore Size, Glycosaminoglycan, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Glycosaminoglycans, Microstructures, Three Dimensional, Cell communication, Cell Motility, and fibroblasts
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Phosphate anions excess in stored water reservoirs are known to stimulate algal growth and scaling in vessels used for cooling purposes in industries. Several techniques such as ion exchange, adsorption on activated carbon, chemical... more
Phosphate anions excess in stored water reservoirs are known to stimulate algal growth and scaling in vessels used for cooling purposes in industries. Several techniques such as ion exchange, adsorption on activated carbon, chemical precipitation and reverse osmosis have been used for its removal. The use of inorganic ion exchangers like oxide/hydroxides has been preferred recently due to their stability at high temperature, to ionizing radiations and high selectivities for specific anion and cations.In the present investigation phosphate sorption on β-MnO2 is studied as function of concentration (1.07–11.85 × 10−1 mmol L−1) and temperature (293–313 K) at three different pH values of 3, 5 and 7. The sorption of phosphate is found to decrease with the increase in temperature in the pH range 3–7. Freundlich equation derived from the Law of mass action equation was found applicable to the sorption data. Effect of background electrolyte concentration and FTIR studies showed that mechanism of uptake process was the formation of outer-sphere complexes at all the temperatures under investigation. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° values along with isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated, which showed that the solid preferred the multiply charged phosphate at low temperature and pH.
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Sorption of metal ions on oxide/hydroxide surfaces mediates the fate and transport of these ions in many natural systems. These metallic ions often exist in bulk in the aqueous phase as complexes with inorganic and organic ligands. In the... more
Sorption of metal ions on oxide/hydroxide surfaces mediates the fate and transport of these ions in many natural systems. These metallic ions often exist in bulk in the aqueous phase as complexes with inorganic and organic ligands. In the present study, we investigated the sorption properties of manganese dioxide in the presence of phosphate which is thought to be one of the most important complex forming species. The surface area, point of zero charge and structural morphology of the solid manganese dioxide were determined. Cd2+ sorption studies were carried out on manganese dioxide as a function of pH, temperature and phosphate concentration. Cd2+ sorption increased with increasing pH, temperature and phosphate concentration. It was found that phosphate formed both outer and inner sphere complexes via metal and ligand-like adsorption. The Langmuir equation was applied to describe the data and from the constants of this equation different thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH0ΔH0, ΔS0ΔS0 and ΔG0ΔG0 were evaluated.Thermogravimetric and deferential thermal analysis of manganese dioxide (β-MnO2) after drying under vacuum.
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Most of our current knowledge of tumor cell migration comes from in vitro studies carried out on two-dimensional substrates, which provide only limited powers of observation. Moving to a D environment offers a superior range of... more
Most of our current knowledge of tumor cell migration comes from in vitro studies carried out on two-dimensional substrates, which provide only limited powers of observation. Moving to a D environment offers a superior range of observation, however the 3D experiments carried out to date have not studied the effect of matrix properties or cell-matrix interactions on cell migration. In order to fully understand the underlying mechanisms by which cells migrate in vivo, it is critical that we study the movement of cells in 3D environments that mimic the properties of the ECM in vivo. Using a combination of probabilistic, deterministic and atomistic modeling, we study the role of adhesion, mechanics, stiffness and matrix proteolysis on cell migration in 3D matrices. Our computational approaches combine novel techniques in ODE based modeling to calculate the forces acting on the cell during migration, Monte Carlo Simulations to study persistence and MD simulations to understand integrin-ECM interactions. Our techniques allow us to quantitatively map the cell migration landscape at various length and time scales. The results from our simulations show a simultaneous dependence of cell migration behavior on both chemical signals in the ECM and mechanical properties of the cell and the ECM. A complete understanding of this complex process requires that both the mechanics of the matrix and chemical signals be taken into account, as ignoring either of the two key components will lead to incomplete and inaccurate understanding of migration in 3D environments. The novel computational methods developed in our group show good agreement with the experimental studies in predicting the overall behavior of cells migrating in 3D and have provided useful insights in understanding the molecular basis of migration, contact guidance and persistence in 3D environments.
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ABSTRACT The present study reports the effect of contact time, nature of electrolyte and temperature on the sorption kinetics of Cd2+ by manganese dioxide, which is the most active oxide in soils and sediments. The sorption kinetics of... more
ABSTRACT The present study reports the effect of contact time, nature of electrolyte and temperature on the sorption kinetics of Cd2+ by manganese dioxide, which is the most active oxide in soils and sediments. The sorption kinetics of Cd2+ by manganese dioxide is evaluated at pH 6 in different electrolytes in the temperatures range 293-323K. The solid samples are equilibrated in 0.45 mmol.L-1 Cd2+ and different electrolytes at pH 6. The results indicate that sorption of Cd2+ increases with time and temperature and the system attains equilibrium within 60 min in KNO3 as the electrolyte. However, in the presence of 0.001M KH2PO4 sorption of Cd2+ increases and the time for equilibrium shift to 90 min. The data second order kinetics model and the calculated rate constant k and initial sorption rate h increases with increasing temperature phosphate treatment. Among the calculated thermodynamic activation parameters the positive values of Δ H‡ and Δ G‡ show the sorption process to be endothermic and nonspontaneous, while the Δ S‡ being negative indicates a decrease in randomness of the system during sorption process at the solid-liquid interface. The free energy of activation decreases from 15.95 kJ.mol-1 in nitrate to 8.76 kJ.mol-1 in phosphate. These observations suggest that rate controlling step in Cd2+ sorption is diffusionally controlled, a fact that has been proved by application of Fick’s law.