Optimization

Recommendation system plays important role in Internet world and used in many applications. It has created the collection of many application, created global village and growth for numerous information. This paper represents the overview of Approaches and techniques generated in recommendation system. Recommendation system is categorized in three classes: Collaborative Filtering, Content based and hybrid based Approach. This paper classifies collaborative filtering in two types: Memory based and Model based Recommendation .The paper elaborates these approaches and their techniques with their limitations. The result of our system provides much better recommendations to users because it enables the users to understand the relation between their emotional states and the recommended movies.

Introduction
The possible utilities of water resources systems are commonly used through several different models. There are two main categories of models including simulation and optimizing models. However, optimizing models are used to design water utility systems, hence; they are not more appropriate for large systems for water resources because they need a long-term application. In addition, sometimes the outputs from these models are uncertain. Thus, the simulation models can be used for utilizing water resources systems. WEAP is a common simulation model that is designed regarding the base flow water of rivers for urban, agriculture, independent basin and complex river along country borders. LINGO is an optimizing model that is the linear planning for the combination of production, investment, marketing, transportation, product formulation, multidirectional scheduling. The current study aims to simulate and optimize the application of the water of Biseton reservoir dam with and without upper being built dams using both LINGO and WEAP models for environment, agriculture and industry sectors.
Materials and Methods
Biseton reservoir dam and its transport systems are located to the southeastern of Kermanshah along the Kermanshah-Tehran main road at the Kurani- sofla village. Some part of this village is located within reservoir area. However, the water from Gamasiab River will be transferred to Biseton dam through stael pipe with 3.5 m3s-1 capacity during 6 months per year (early December to Jun). The Biseton dam construction is supposed to supply water for agriculture, industry and environment sectors. In this research, sustain distributing the water resources of Biseton dam for these three sectors were carried out using the WEAP and LINGO models. The minimum water for environment belongs to the aquatics of Gamasiab River. So that, the 40 years data of measured hydrology and rainfall (1972-2012) were analyzed by these models exploiting optimal water resources distribution to achieve integrated water resources management for agricultural, industrial and environmental needs.
Results and Discussion
The results of this research showed that with and without upper built dams, the water supply to Biseton dam is same which shows that the water supply is roughly the same for agriculture, industry and environment. There is about 2 million m3 water for environmental needs annually. Thus, considering the upper stream reservoirs, it is expected that water flow discharge of Gamasiab will reduce and leading to the decrease of environmental water. This situation is related to water storage in reservoir dams that are built in upper stream during rainfall seasons. Adversely, during dry months, the reserved water from these dams flowed down steam for environment needs. It is concluded that environmental water needs can be supplied during dry months. By and large, Biston dam and other similar dams contribute to water for environmental needs. Comparing this results with other similar researches in related to water resources showed that both WEAP and LINGO models are capable for planning and management of water resources in terms of distribution and supply considering different water usage scenario in current time and future.
Conclusions
In this research, a systematic approach including the dam outside the Bistoon bed and upstream dams has been used investigate the needs of agriculture, industry and its production. In this regard, simulation and optimization of the project was carried out in two moods by WEAP and LINGO approaches including the considering and without considering the dams of Gaman basin
Considering the results of this research, simulation and optimization water utilities of Biseton reservoir dam is applicable via LINGO and WEAP models assuming upper being built dams for environment, agriculture and industry sectors. Moreover, transferring and distributing the water through LINGO and WEAP models for agriculture and industry sectors are similar, while there is roughly higher estimated for environmental needs with built dams in upper stream. This situation is related to water storage in reservoir dams that is built in upper stream during rainfall seasons. Adversely, during dry months, the reserved water from these dams flowed down steam for environment needs which is estimated about 2 million m3 per year. It is concluded that environmental water needs can be supplied during dry months. The results of this study, with similar research, have managed to show the efficiency of WEAP and lingo models to help correct management of water resources and to control the crisis of water scarcity.

The sizing of the cooling system is one of the most crucial parts of the design of power electronics since it has a high impact on the overall performance of the packages as well as the lifetime of the chips. The high temperature causes irreversible damage and increases the cost for maintenances and substitutions. However, during the design of the package, some geometric constraints can occur, such as maximum height or width. Moreover, limitations about volume rate and fluid temperature must be taken into account. This work aims to create a tool that can automatize the design of the heat sink cooling system with geometric constraints. The analytical model can consider in-line and staggered configurations. In this study, a genetic algorithm is applied as the optimization algorithm in order to find a solution which respects the boundary and fluid constraints and minimize the heat sink volume. Numerical simulations for the resulted geometries have been performed to validate the tool. The results of the numerical simulations show an error between the numerical and the expected maximum temperature of the plate lower than 2% and 3% for in-line and staggered configuration, respectively. The model can be applied over a wide range of application, and it can be easily adapted to different material and different cooling liquid.

A feature based "Selection of feature region set for digital image using Optimization Algorithm" is proposed here. The work is based on simulated attacking and optimization solving procedure. Image transformation techniques are used to extract local features. Simulated attacking procedure is performed to evaluate the robustness of every candidate feature region. According to the evaluation results, a track-with-pruning procedure I adopted to search a minimal primary feature set which may resists the most predefined attacks. In order to enhance its resistance capability against undefined attacks, primary feature set is then extended by adding some auxiliary feature regions in it. This work is formulated as a multidimensional knapsack problem and solved by optimization algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing.