- Salzburg University of Applied Sciences
Urstein Süd 1
A-5412 Puch Urstein
- E Tourism, Sociology of Tourism, Information Communication Technology, Information Society, Mobile Technology, Tourism Marketing, and 8 moreTourism and Media, Tourism Management, Etourism, Personalization, Context Awareness, Collaborative Filtering, Mobile Tourism Guides, and Tourism Studies(Tourism and Media, Tourism Management, Etourism, Personalization, Context Awareness, Collaborative Filtering, Mobile Tourism Guides, and Tourism Studies)edit
- Roman Egger attended the Tourism and Hospitality Management School in Klessheim from 1989 to 1994. He graduated in C... moreRoman Egger attended the Tourism and Hospitality
Management School in Klessheim from 1989 to 1994. He graduated in Communications Sciences and gained two Doctoratesfrom the University of Salzburg, where he specialized in the fields of Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism. He then worked at the Tourism Board of Salzburg as a marketer. Nowadays Roman is Professor at the Salzburg University of Applied Sciences. Roman advises a number of national and international projects in the fields of AI, Data Science and Information Technologies in Tourism and counsels a number of international activities. He has written and co-edited 19 books and published many articles in books and journals. He is co-editor of the scientific Journal ‘ Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft and member of the International Federation of Information Technology for Travel and Tourism (IFITT), DGOF, ÖGAF, AIEST and DGT .(Roman Egger attended the Tourism and Hospitality <br />Management School in Klessheim from 1989 to 1994. He graduated in Communications Sciences and gained two Doctoratesfrom the University of Salzburg, where he specialized in the fields of Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism. He then worked at the Tourism Board of Salzburg as a marketer. Nowadays Roman is Professor at the Salzburg University of Applied Sciences. Roman advises a number of national and international projects in the fields of AI, Data Science and Information Technologies in Tourism and counsels a number of international activities. He has written and co-edited 19 books and published many articles in books and journals. He is co-editor of the scientific Journal ‘ Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft and member of the International Federation of Information Technology for Travel and Tourism (IFITT), DGOF, ÖGAF, AIEST and DGT .)edit
Given the rich content that foodstagrammers, people who actively share their dining experiences using photographs and texts on social media, post, they considerably shape a destination’s gastronomic image. Using big data analytics, this... more
Given the rich content that foodstagrammers, people who actively share their dining experiences using photographs
and texts on social media, post, they considerably shape a destination’s gastronomic image. Using big
data analytics, this study examined the formation of gastronomic images from foodstagrammers’ perspectives
and the associated emotions. Moreover, it demonstrated the applicability of the proposed machine learning
approach to evaluate both textual and pictorial content on social media. The study findings extend the current
understanding of gastronomic images by identifying the underlying attributes based on the interplay of the three
dimensions of food, environment, and activities. Furthermore, the results reveal specific image clusters and
dimensions that arouse positive sentiments among foodstagrammers and influence users’ engagement with the
post. For practitioners, this study provides valuable insights into foodstagrammers’ behaviors by identifying the
aspects of gastronomic images that effectively arouse interest and engagement, thus promoting gastronomic
destinations.
and texts on social media, post, they considerably shape a destination’s gastronomic image. Using big
data analytics, this study examined the formation of gastronomic images from foodstagrammers’ perspectives
and the associated emotions. Moreover, it demonstrated the applicability of the proposed machine learning
approach to evaluate both textual and pictorial content on social media. The study findings extend the current
understanding of gastronomic images by identifying the underlying attributes based on the interplay of the three
dimensions of food, environment, and activities. Furthermore, the results reveal specific image clusters and
dimensions that arouse positive sentiments among foodstagrammers and influence users’ engagement with the
post. For practitioners, this study provides valuable insights into foodstagrammers’ behaviors by identifying the
aspects of gastronomic images that effectively arouse interest and engagement, thus promoting gastronomic
destinations.
Research Interests:
Purpose-This study attempts to answer how values and holiday preferences were shaped by the pandemic, how travellers view the future of tourism and how they are willing to contribute to potential changes. Furthermore, it examines the... more
Purpose-This study attempts to answer how values and holiday preferences were shaped by the pandemic, how travellers view the future of tourism and how they are willing to contribute to potential changes. Furthermore, it examines the impact of socio-structural background factors, basic values and holiday preferences, and pandemic-related factors on the views of post-pandemic tourism. Design/methodology/approach-A longitudinal online survey was conducted in which 155 frequent travellers were interviewed both before and during the pandemic about their values and holiday preferences, attitudes towards travelling during the pandemic, and their prospective views regarding tourism. Findings-The findings revealed that values remained rather stable, but nature experiences, heritage tourism and beach offers gained more relevance when it came to holiday preferences. Concerning travellers' expectations of future tourism, environmental concern was ranked higher than economic profit. However, those striving for self-direction, stimulation and city tourism offers stated to be less willing to restrict their travel behaviour in the future. Research limitations/implications-Although our study is just based on a convenience sample, the authors were still able to address notable research gaps. First, because a longitudinal design was selected, it was possible to investigate any potential transitions in basic values and travel style and trace these changes back to the pandemic. Second, thanks to a sophisticated online survey, all concepts could be measured with welldeveloped scales, which increased the quality of the measurements and led to stable results. Third, young travellers can be considered proponents of future travel styles. Their way of acting and thinking about future tourism could significantly impact the prospective direction of tourism. Practical implications-This study makes a valuable contribution to changing holiday preferences and provides useful insights for the tourism industry about travellers' willingness to change their travel behaviour. Social implications-Since this study primarily considers human values and socio-structural factors, the findings are of particular interest from a sociological perspective and are also interpreted from this viewpoint. Originality/value-This study is one of only a few longitudinal studies focusing on holiday preferences and shifting values during COVID-19 and attempting to detect crucial drivers of potential tourism transformations in terms of perceptions from the demand side.
Research Interests:
The needs of travellers vary across cultures. When it comes to culinary aspects, there is a strong connection between gastronomy and culture. To optimise service offerings, investigation of the essential aspects of dining experiences in... more
The needs of travellers vary across cultures. When it comes to culinary aspects, there is a strong connection between gastronomy and culture. To optimise service offerings, investigation of the essential aspects of dining experiences in relation to cultural backgrounds is of great importance. In the age of digitalisation, tourists share their dining experiences throughout their multiphasic travel journey via online platforms. By considering nine distinct cultural backgrounds, this research aims to investigate tourist experiences based on TripAdvisor restaurant reviews through topic modelling, using the city of Salzburg as its study context. Depending on one's cultural circumstances, the findings demonstrate that the most important aspects include staff, food-menu items, value for money, restaurant physical appearance, food authenticity, overall service, menu offers, food quality, atmosphere, and recommendations. This study advances the state-of-the-art knowledge of societal culture as a variable in the target market analysis of restaurant customers. Findings allow restaurant owners, other tourism service providers, and destination management organisations to analyse and adapt their service offerings and strategies accordingly.
Research Interests:
The term Web 2.0 is currently on everyone's lips and the phenomena and concepts surrounding the new interactive web also present the tourism industry with new challenges. Over the past years, weblogs have become firmly established,... more
The term Web 2.0 is currently on everyone's lips and the phenomena and concepts surrounding the new interactive web also present the tourism industry with new challenges. Over the past years, weblogs have become firmly established, especially on the subject of travel. For backpackers in particular-according to the authors' hypothesis-weblogs could offer an attractive alternative to traditional information media because backpackers depend on ad-hoc information along with authentic reports from other travellers due to their relatively long travel times and often spontaneously chosen stopovers. This paper examines the question of how suitable weblogs are as an alternative source of information for backpackers, the associations that exist vis-à-vis the various blog typologies and to what extent these are already being used today.
Research Interests:
Instagram has been an emerging platform for tourists to share their experiences and connect with other users in the multiphasic travel stages. Despite the huge number of photographs shared on Instagram on a daily basis, it remains... more
Instagram has been an emerging platform for tourists to share their experiences and connect with other users in the multiphasic travel stages. Despite the huge number of photographs shared on Instagram on a daily basis, it remains ambiguous regarding the underlying motives of tourists' posting behaviour. Thus, this study aims to conceptualise a framework based on the internal and external triggers of sharing travel photographs through a mix methods design involving diary studies and questionnaires. By conducting a path analysis, this study presents and validates a theoretical model including various motivational factors; namely enjoyment, self-esteem, recognition, interests, social norms, goals, social ties, social status and prestige, selfefficiency, outcome expectations and memorabilia. Meanwhile, this research clusters young techsavvy tourists into four distinct segments based on their behaviour of using Instagram while traveling. By bridging motivational theories, social psychology, and social media in the context of tourism, this research extends literature related to user-generated content and Instagram. Practically, this research allows marketers to optimise the effectiveness of marketing strategies based on the characteristics of tourists and their behaviour on social media platforms.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
There is no doubt that we live in an information age, and the amount of data produced every day continues to increase rapidly. Our society is dependent on generating, processing, storing, and sharing data, and no matter what situation we... more
There is no doubt that we live in an information age, and the amount of data produced every day continues to increase rapidly. Our society is dependent on generating, processing, storing, and sharing data, and no matter what situation we find ourselves in, data has become a fundamental part of our daily lives (Johnson, 2014). Tourism has always been an information-intensive industry, and, currently, there are numerous indications implying that it will develop into a data-driven sector. According to a study by McKinsey (2018), the potential for incremental value from ambient intelligence (AI), over other analytic techniques, is higher in tourism than in any other industry using big data, thus forming the basis of new directions in research. Moreover, due to the popularity of social media platforms, specifically, the amount of user-generated content (UGC) in tourism is rising tremendously (Egger & Herdin, 2007). In addition to Facebook and Twitter, the so-called "pictorial turn" (Curtis, 2011) has brought about an enormous influx to platforms such as Instagram in particular, allowing people worldwide to share their experiences and adventures in text, image, video, and audio formats. At the same time, vast amounts of metadata are being created, further providing even more detailed descriptions of multiple phenomena. For example, tourist photos are accompanied by geodata along with the time at which they were taken, and posts are tagged with additional data such as the author, tags, and user engagement of the recipients in the form of likes and comments, to name but a few. In addition to UGC, transactional and process data are also continuously being generated, and the trend towards wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) leads to data being recorded via a wide variety of sensors (Gretzel et al., 2015). Throughout our journeys, individuals leave behind a vast amount
Research Interests:
As a result of travel activities, overtourism has become a global issue. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic, the topic of overtourism would benefit localized overcrowding as a new occurrence in the tourism industry. Since there is no... more
As a result of travel activities, overtourism has become a global issue. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic, the topic of overtourism would benefit localized overcrowding as a new occurrence in the tourism industry. Since there is no specific measurement to evaluate tourist experiences at crowded attractions, this study aims to explore the perception and feelings of tourists when they visit popular and crowded attractions through topic modeling and sentiment analysis based on TripAdvisor online reviews as of the end of 2019. By investigating the top 10 attractions in Paris, the results present 24 topics frequently discussed by tourists. Examples of some topics related to overtourism are safety, service, queuing, and social interaction. Specifically, tourists felt the most negative towards safety and security among all the identified topics. By bridging overtourism, text analytics, and user-generatedcontent, this study contributes to the field of tourist experiences and crowd management.
Research Interests:
In recent years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has become increasingly important for extracting new insights from unstructured text data, and pre-trained language models now have the ability to perform state-of-the-art tasks like... more
In recent years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has become increasingly important
for extracting new insights from unstructured text data, and pre-trained language models now
have the ability to perform state-of-the-art tasks like topic modeling, text classification, or sentiment
analysis. Currently, BERT is the most widespread and widely used model, but it has been shown that
a potential to optimize BERT can be applied to domain-specific contexts. While a number of BERT
models that improve downstream tasks’ performance for other domains already exist, an optimized
BERT model for tourism has yet to be revealed. This study thus aimed to develop and evaluate
TourBERT, a pre-trained BERT model for the tourism industry. It was trained from scratch and
outperforms BERT-Base in all tourism-specific evaluations. Therefore, this study makes an essential
contribution to the growing importance of NLP in tourism by providing an open-source BERT model
adapted to tourism requirements and particularities.
for extracting new insights from unstructured text data, and pre-trained language models now
have the ability to perform state-of-the-art tasks like topic modeling, text classification, or sentiment
analysis. Currently, BERT is the most widespread and widely used model, but it has been shown that
a potential to optimize BERT can be applied to domain-specific contexts. While a number of BERT
models that improve downstream tasks’ performance for other domains already exist, an optimized
BERT model for tourism has yet to be revealed. This study thus aimed to develop and evaluate
TourBERT, a pre-trained BERT model for the tourism industry. It was trained from scratch and
outperforms BERT-Base in all tourism-specific evaluations. Therefore, this study makes an essential
contribution to the growing importance of NLP in tourism by providing an open-source BERT model
adapted to tourism requirements and particularities.
Research Interests:
The term Web 2.0 is currently on everyone's lips; even the tourism industry is awash with decision makers who are frantically searching for standardized, practicable guidelines on how not to sleep through yet again what has been touted as... more
The term Web 2.0 is currently on everyone's lips; even the tourism industry is awash with decision makers who are frantically searching for standardized, practicable guidelines on how not to sleep through yet again what has been touted as the new era of the Internet Version 2.0-especially now that we are finally getting a handle on Version 1.0. As to be expected, the checklists and manuals we have long searched for that offer us instruction on how to encounter this phenomenon are for the most part lacking. This is not surprising when you consider confronting the challenges of an extraordinarily vague formulation. In workshops, symposiums, and congresses, people throw catchwords and technical terms about in an effort to describe what Web 2.0 stands for and determine its apparent meaning for tourism. Profound issues and attempts at explanations are rare indeed, and empirically verified statements are almost wholly lacking. Therefore, the aim of this article is to deliver a selection of sociological explanatory approaches, thereby creating the theoretical starting blocks for further research efforts. Consequently, the objective here cannot be to explain the theories in their entirety and discuss in detail their individual contributions to the various Web 2.0 phenomena. Instead, the goal is to bring to light starting points for a theoretically founded debate on the subject. The overview in the form of a table at the end of the contribution describes selected sociological approaches and puts them into the context of Web 2.0 and tourism by way of examples.
Research Interests:
The personalisation-privacy paradox demonstrates a twofold effect of tourists' awareness about personalisation on their experience. Compulsory personal data agreements under the GDPR and similar legislation acts raise tourists' concerns... more
The personalisation-privacy paradox demonstrates a twofold effect of tourists' awareness about personalisation on their experience. Compulsory personal data agreements under the GDPR and similar legislation acts raise tourists' concerns regarding privacy and security. The role of tourist awareness about the value of data-driven personalisation in their co-creation behaviour remains underexplored. This paper applies an exploratory experiment methodology to identify the effects of information about personalisation on tourists' experience with travel information websites. It triangulates the data from eyetracking and self-report techniques, to compare the co-creating behaviour of respondents who have or have not been informed about the value of personalisation. The study demonstrates the presence of a personalisation-privacy paradox. It further reveals that awareness about data-driven personalisation motivates tourists to reinforce value co-creation by ensuring the accuracy of information filtering. The study advances our understanding of tourist digital behaviour and provides insights for the design of personalised information services.
Research Interests:
The relevance of emoji in social media marketing has attracted tremendous interest from academics and marketing professionals alike ever since emoji became a fixed component in user-to-user and business-to-user communication on online... more
The relevance of emoji in social media marketing has attracted tremendous interest from academics and marketing professionals alike ever since emoji became a fixed component in user-to-user and business-to-user communication on online platforms such as Instagram and Facebook. Using a quantitative research approach in the form of a self-administered online survey in an experimental setting, the purpose of this study is to investigate what type of emoji positively impacts consumer behaviour, purchase intention, and user interaction in tourism-related Instagram posts. This research is novel in that it bridges the usage of emoji in the context of social media and tourism. The findings support tourism managers in the practical use of emoji for social media marketing campaigns on Instagram and show that (positive) face emoji evoke more positive emotions than non-face emoji.
Research Interests:
This paper addresses how Augmented Reality (AR) can be used as a tool to provide different dimensions to the conventional museum experience. The principle of AR works by furbishing the actual environment with extra information, which... more
This paper addresses how Augmented Reality (AR) can be used as a tool
to provide different dimensions to the conventional museum experience. The
principle of AR works by furbishing the actual environment with extra information,
which enables users to have a different perception of reality. When integrating both
the concepts of AR and Experience, the author discovered that this could be a
powerful tool for museums, which have to grapple with the question of how to
engage their visitors. Therefore an AR-application-prototype was developed for the
Dommuseum Salzburg. The objective was to gauge the value of AR and whether or
not it made a significant difference towards the museum experience. The visitor
experience was assessed using the experience model (Pine/Gilmore), as well as the
Museum Experience Scale (MES). On the whole, this paper aims to show how
technology can be used in the curation process, by facilitating and enhancing the
presentation of exhibits in a museum.
to provide different dimensions to the conventional museum experience. The
principle of AR works by furbishing the actual environment with extra information,
which enables users to have a different perception of reality. When integrating both
the concepts of AR and Experience, the author discovered that this could be a
powerful tool for museums, which have to grapple with the question of how to
engage their visitors. Therefore an AR-application-prototype was developed for the
Dommuseum Salzburg. The objective was to gauge the value of AR and whether or
not it made a significant difference towards the museum experience. The visitor
experience was assessed using the experience model (Pine/Gilmore), as well as the
Museum Experience Scale (MES). On the whole, this paper aims to show how
technology can be used in the curation process, by facilitating and enhancing the
presentation of exhibits in a museum.
Research Interests:
Mobile applications are finding increased acceptance in tourism, particularly tourist services like city, sport or museum guides. The potential of mobile services is difficult to estimate a priori because hardly any user acceptance tests... more
Mobile applications are finding increased acceptance in tourism, particularly tourist services like city, sport or museum guides. The potential of mobile services is difficult to estimate a priori because hardly any user acceptance tests can be carried out before having a concrete implementation of that service. In this work we present a methodology and a through evaluation that allows a rapid development of high-fidelity prototypes of mobile applications. Im empirischen Teil der Untersuchung war die Zielsetzung, einen mobilen Prototyp mit der Software "NetBeans Mobility Pack" in möglichst kurzer Zeit zu entwickeln, und diesen anschließend im Real Kontext auf seine Praxistauglichkeit zu testen.
Research Interests:
Abstract. The rapid development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology offers new opportunities for the promotion of tourism products and experiences. VR provides potential tourists with a compelling imagery and a chance to get a first... more
Abstract. The rapid development of Virtual Reality (VR) technology offers new
opportunities for the promotion of tourism products and experiences. VR provides potential tourists with a compelling imagery and a chance to get a first impression of what it feels like to be at a destination. Previous studies have mostly
focused on visual and auditory VR experiences and have rather neglected the
possibility of adding additional sensory stimuli, i.e. haptic and olfactory feedback, to a VR experience. This study is novel in that it takes a multisensory approach to VR and examines its impact on the intention to recommend a destination through the lens of presence. A multi-stage laboratory experiment with 64
participants was conducted. The analysis reveals that the stimulation of additional
senses does not lead to a significant enhancement of the user’s sense of presence.
However, a significant increase in the user’s intention to recommend a destination can be observed. For destination marketers, this study proposes multisensory
VR as a novel and effective tool to positively influence travel recommendations.
opportunities for the promotion of tourism products and experiences. VR provides potential tourists with a compelling imagery and a chance to get a first impression of what it feels like to be at a destination. Previous studies have mostly
focused on visual and auditory VR experiences and have rather neglected the
possibility of adding additional sensory stimuli, i.e. haptic and olfactory feedback, to a VR experience. This study is novel in that it takes a multisensory approach to VR and examines its impact on the intention to recommend a destination through the lens of presence. A multi-stage laboratory experiment with 64
participants was conducted. The analysis reveals that the stimulation of additional
senses does not lead to a significant enhancement of the user’s sense of presence.
However, a significant increase in the user’s intention to recommend a destination can be observed. For destination marketers, this study proposes multisensory
VR as a novel and effective tool to positively influence travel recommendations.
Research Interests:
The concept of touristic space is continually evolving, due to the advent of new technologies. Today, physical space and virtual space are interwoven, creating a phenomenon that can be described using the term 'phygital'. The perception... more
The concept of touristic space is continually evolving, due to the advent of new technologies. Today, physical space and virtual space are interwoven, creating a phenomenon that can be described using the term 'phygital'. The perception of touristic space as well as the interaction with it has been altered by phygital appearances and changing travel behaviour. While interaction with the touristic space previously only occupied a physical dimension, virtual information now enriches all stages of the customer journey (CJ). Hence, this chapter deals with new technologies, analysing their impact on the perception of touristic space for the traveller throughout the whole CJ. Thereby Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality are cited as examples of state-of-theart technologies, which wield a direct perceptional impact, as they have the power to blend together one's perception of real and virtual space.
Research Interests:
Due to fast-paced developments in the technological sphere, we witness robots becoming commonplace in hospitality. While research has focused on technical and functional aspects of robots, the ways in which robots could become effective... more
Due to fast-paced developments in the technological sphere, we witness robots becoming commonplace in hospitality. While research has focused on technical and functional aspects of robots, the ways in which robots could become effective members of human service teams are less understood. By taking a human-robot interaction (HRI) lens, this study investigates the impact of integrating non-human service providers into human teams with a focus on trust. A qualitative focus group approach with the LEGO® Serious Play® method is employed to open novel avenues in tourism research, and to build, visualise and distil what human-robot interaction in hospitality frontline teams could look like. The study's contribution is a conceptual framework that reveals three dominant factors of trust and their sub-dimensions necessary for successful future human-robot interaction in frontline teams in tourism, hospitality and the wider service sector.
Research Interests:
The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has profoundly affected the global leisure and tourism industry, with international travel bans affecting over 90% of the world's population. Widespread restrictions on community mobility have... more
The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has profoundly affected the global leisure and tourism industry, with international travel bans affecting over 90% of the world's population. Widespread restrictions on community mobility have resulted in a projected decline of international tourism arrivals up to 30%. The rapid development of Virtual Reality (VR) and its effectiveness in the simulation of real-life experiences provides an opportunity for virtual holiday making especially when actual travel is not possible. Based on a quantitative study with 193 participants, the role of VR as a substitute for physical travel during the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 was examined, more specifically by looking at the relationship between perceived risk to travel and technological acceptance of VR. The findings suggest that tourists use VR as a travel substitute during and even after a pandemic. However, perceived risk does not play a significant role when it comes to using VR.
Research Interests:
Color plays a critical role in recognizing tourist experiences and influencing their emotions. By classifying tourism photos on Instagram using machine learning, this study uncovers the relationship between color and user engagement based... more
Color plays a critical role in recognizing tourist experiences and influencing their emotions. By classifying tourism photos on Instagram using machine learning, this study uncovers the relationship between color and user engagement based on pictures with different features. The findings show that the presence of the color blue in photos featuring natural scenery, highend gastronomy, and sacral architectures contributes to user engagement. A red/orange color scheme enhances pictures regarding local delicacies and ambience, while the coexistence of violet and warm colors is crucial for photographs featuring cityscapes and interior design. By taking a broader lens from aesthetic philosophy and narrowing down to color psychology, this study offers guidelines for marketers to promote tourism activities through the application of color.
Research Interests:
Symbols are powerful in branding and marketing to represent tourist attractions. By bridging semiotics, marketing, and data science in the tourism context, this study uncovers the destination image based on Instagram photographs. This... more
Symbols are powerful in branding and marketing to represent tourist attractions. By bridging semiotics, marketing, and data science in the tourism context, this study uncovers the destination image based on Instagram photographs. This study constructed a novel methodological framework by evaluating different machine learning models to group textual information based on pictorial content. The results highlighted specific destination image clusters such as the wilderness and spirituality of alpine experiences. This information facilitates marketers' understanding of tourists' preferences and movement. It also discloses blind spots that are less promoted by the marketers.
Research Interests:
The study examined the relationship between perception of COVID-19, travel risk perception and travel behaviour among travellers in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland)an important tourism market and, after Italy, the second... more
The study examined the relationship between perception of COVID-19, travel risk perception and travel behaviour among travellers in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland)an important tourism market and, after Italy, the second region in Europe that was impacted by COVID-19. Data were collected at two points of time: the sample of the study in Period 1 (n = 1158) was collected at a critical point in time in the beginning of March 2020, when Italy was already massively affected by COVID-19; the sample of the study in Period 2 (n = 212) was collected two weeks later, when Europe has seen immense impacts and COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. Cluster analysis was performed and defined three unique clusters in both periods with distinctive characteristics. In addition, results revealed a significant increase in risk perception of COVID-19, travel risk perception and travel behaviour over a short period of time.
Research Interests:
There is no doubt that we live in an information age, and the amount of data produced every day continues to increase rapidly. Our society is dependent on generating, processing, storing, and sharing data, and no matter what situation we... more
There is no doubt that we live in an information age, and the amount of data produced every day continues to increase rapidly. Our society is dependent on generating, processing, storing, and sharing data, and no matter what situation we find ourselves in, data has become a fundamental part of our daily lives (Johnson, 2014). Tourism has always been an information-intensive industry, and, currently, there are numerous indications implying that it will develop into a data-driven sector. According to a study by McKinsey (2018), the potential for incremental value from ambient intelligence (AI), over other analytic techniques, is higher in tourism than in any other industry using big data, thus forming the basis of new directions in research. Moreover, due to the popularity of social media platforms, specifically, the amount of user-generated content (UGC) in tourism is rising tremendously (Egger & Herdin, 2007). In addition to Facebook and Twitter, the so-called "pictorial turn" (Curtis, 2011) has brought about an enormous influx to platforms such as Instagram in particular, allowing people worldwide to share their experiences and adventures in text, image, video, and audio formats. At the same time, vast amounts of metadata are being created, further providing even more detailed descriptions of multiple phenomena. For example, tourist photos are accompanied by geodata along with the time at which they were taken, and posts are tagged with additional data such as the author, tags, and user engagement of the recipients in the form of likes and comments, to name but a few. In addition to UGC, transactional and process data are also continuously being generated, and the trend towards wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) leads to data being recorded via a wide variety of sensors (Gretzel et al., 2015). Throughout our journeys, individuals leave behind a vast amount
Research Interests:
In the emerging transformation age, not only do experiences with transformational qualities happen by chance, but they are induced through intentional design. This study investigates the human gathering Burning Man, often stipulated as... more
In the emerging transformation age, not only do experiences with transformational qualities happen by chance, but they are induced through intentional design. This study investigates the human gathering Burning Man, often stipulated as one of the world's most transformative large-scale experiences. Grounded in the theoretical lens of environmental psychology, a deep topological analysis was conducted based on Instagram data to analyse participants' digital outer expressions and find answers to their innermost transformative experiences. Through a holistic analysis of the pre-liminal, on-site, and post-liminal stages, socio-environmental and socio-psychological spheres, with 30 clusters that trigger potential transformation, could be revealed. This study contributes to the interdisciplinary discourse relating to human experience and transformation design in the tourism, events, and experience sectors.
Research Interests:
The relevance of emoji in social media marketing has attracted tremendous interest from academics and marketing professionals alike ever since emoji became a fixed component in user-to-user and business-to-user communication on online... more
The relevance of emoji in social media marketing has attracted tremendous interest from academics and marketing professionals alike ever since emoji became a fixed component in user-to-user and business-to-user communication on online platforms such as Instagram and Facebook. Using a quantitative research approach in the form of a self-administered online survey in an experimental setting, the purpose of this study is to investigate what type of emoji positively impacts consumer behaviour, purchase intention, and user interaction in tourism-related Instagram posts. This research is novel in that it bridges the usage of emoji in the context of social media and tourism. The findings support tourism managers in the practical use of emoji for social media marketing campaigns on Instagram and show that (positive) face emoji evoke more positive emotions than non-face emoji.
Research Interests:
Social media plays a key role in shaping the image of a destination. Although recent research has investigated factors influencing online users' perception towards destination image, limited studies encompass and compare social media... more
Social media plays a key role in shaping the image of a destination. Although recent research has investigated factors influencing online users' perception towards destination image, limited studies encompass and compare social media content shared by tourists and destination management organisations (DMOs) at the same time. This paper aims to determine whether the projected image of DMOs corresponds with the destination image perceived by tourists. By taking the Austrian Alpine resort Saalbach-Hinterglemm as a case, a netnographic approach was applied to analyse the visual and textual posts of DMO and user-generated content (UGC) on Instagram using machine learning. The findings reveal themes that are not covered in the posts published by marketers but do appear in UGC. This study adds to the existing literature by providing a deeper insight into destination image formation and uses a qualitative approach to assess destination brand image. It further highlights practical implications for the industry regarding DMOs' social media marketing strategy.
Research Interests:
The needs of travellers vary across cultures. When it comes to culinary aspects, there is a strong connection between gastronomy and culture. To optimise service offerings, investigation of the essential aspects of dining experiences in... more
The needs of travellers vary across cultures. When it comes to culinary aspects, there is a strong connection between gastronomy and culture. To optimise service offerings, investigation of the essential aspects of dining experiences in relation to cultural backgrounds is of great importance. In the age of digitalisation, tourists share their dining experiences throughout their multiphasic travel journey via online platforms. By considering nine distinct cultural backgrounds, this research aims to investigate tourist experiences based on TripAdvisor restaurant reviews through topic modelling, using the city of Salzburg as its study context. Depending on one's cultural circumstances, the findings demonstrate that the most important aspects include staff, food-menu items, value for money, restaurant physical appearance, food authenticity, overall service, menu offers, food quality, atmosphere, and recommendations. This study advances the state-of-the-art knowledge of societal culture as a variable in the target market analysis of restaurant customers. Findings allow restaurant owners, other tourism service providers, and destination management organisations to analyse and adapt their service offerings and strategies accordingly.
Research Interests:
As a result of travel activities, overtourism has become a global issue. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic, the topic of overtourism would benefit localized overcrowding as a new occurrence in the tourism industry. Since there is no... more
As a result of travel activities, overtourism has become a global issue. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic, the topic of overtourism would benefit localized overcrowding as a new occurrence in the tourism industry. Since there is no specific measurement to evaluate tourist experiences at crowded attractions, this study aims to explore the perception and feelings of tourists when they visit popular and crowded attractions through topic modeling and sentiment analysis based on TripAdvisor online reviews as of the end of 2019. By investigating the top 10 attractions in Paris, the results present 24 topics frequently discussed by tourists. Examples of some topics related to overtourism are safety, service, queuing, and social interaction. Specifically, tourists felt the most negative towards safety and security among all the identified topics. By bridging overtourism, text analytics, and user-generatedcontent, this study contributes to the field of tourist experiences and crowd management.
Research Interests:
Th e impact of online reviews on guests, hotel owners and other parties, is growing in importance. In reference to online reviews, service quality plays a crucial role in hotel diff erentiation and infl uencing the choice of accommodation... more
Th e impact of online reviews on guests, hotel owners and other parties, is growing in importance. In reference to online reviews, service quality plays a crucial role in hotel diff erentiation and infl uencing the choice of accommodation made by travellers. Th us, online reviews represent a valuable source of information about perceived service, that has not been fully exploited yet. Th is research paper attempts to look more closely at this extensive body of data. Th e authors have conceptualized a tool that assists governmental institutions, DMOs and investors in decision making. Th is tool accumulates intelligent data and provides a comprehensive overview of the Austrian hospitality industry and its service quality standards. It allows the user to conduct specifi c queries on how a certain dimension of service quality is perceived. Th e results can be either visualised on a density map or extracted as a structured .csv fi le for further analysis.
Research Interests:
The richness of social media data has opened a new avenue for social science research to gain insights into human behaviors and experiences. In particular, emerging data-driven approaches relying on topic models provide entirely new... more
The richness of social media data has opened a new avenue for social science research to gain insights into human behaviors and experiences. In particular, emerging data-driven approaches relying on topic models provide entirely new perspectives on interpreting social phenomena. However, the short, text-heavy, and unstructured nature of social media content often leads to methodological challenges in both data collection and analysis. In order to bridge the developing field of computational science and empirical social research, this study aims to evaluate the performance of four topic modeling techniques; namely latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), Top2Vec, and BERTopic. In view of the interplay between human relations and digital media, this research takes Twitter posts as the reference point and assesses the performance of different algorithms concerning their strengths and weaknesses in a social science context. Based on certain details during the analytical procedures and on quality issues, this research sheds light on the efficacy of using BERTopic and NMF to analyze Twitter data.
Research Interests:
Destination pictures can be perceived very differently; thus, it is critical to understand what contributes to their aesthetic perception. This study explored the aesthetic perception of 400 destination pictures posted with the popular... more
Destination pictures can be perceived very differently; thus, it is critical to understand what contributes to their aesthetic perception. This study explored the aesthetic perception of 400 destination pictures posted with the popular hashtag #beautifuldestinations on Instagram. The pictures were examined based on their perceived aesthetics of the portrayed content and the perceived influence of five selected visual elements of design (colour, light, line, angle of view, and focus). Data was collected using questionnaires (n = 200), and cluster analysis identified 12 content clusters. Results revealed that pictures showing natural elements were more aesthetically pleasing than pictures representing man-made elements, suggesting that the content of pictures subconsciously influences the perceived aesthetic perception of destination pictures. Additionally, the perceived influence of the five visual elements varies within different clusters. Theoretically, the findings contribute to existing aesthetic literature and present practical implementations for Destination Management Organisations' online marketing.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The term Web 2.0 is currently on everyone's lips and the phenomena and concepts surrounding the new interactive web also present the tourism industry with new challenges. Over the past years, weblogs have become firmly established,... more
The term Web 2.0 is currently on everyone's lips and the phenomena and concepts surrounding the new interactive web also present the tourism industry with new challenges. Over the past years, weblogs have become firmly established, especially on the subject of travel. For backpackers in particular-according to the authors' hypothesis-weblogs could offer an attractive alternative to traditional information media because backpackers depend on ad-hoc information along with authentic reports from other travellers due to their relatively long travel times and often spontaneously chosen stopovers. This paper examines the question of how suitable weblogs are as an alternative source of information for backpackers, the associations that exist vis-à-vis the various blog typologies and to what extent these are already being used today.
Research Interests:
Instagram has been an emerging platform for tourists to share their experiences and connect with other users in the multiphasic travel stages. Despite the huge number of photographs shared on Instagram on a daily basis, it remains... more
Instagram has been an emerging platform for tourists to share their experiences and connect with other users in the multiphasic travel stages. Despite the huge number of photographs shared on Instagram on a daily basis, it remains ambiguous regarding the underlying motives of tourists' posting behaviour. Thus, this study aims to conceptualise a framework based on the internal and external triggers of sharing travel photographs through a mix methods design involving diary studies and questionnaires. By conducting a path analysis, this study presents and validates a theoretical model including various motivational factors; namely enjoyment, self-esteem, recognition, interests, social norms, goals, social ties, social status and prestige, selfefficiency, outcome expectations and memorabilia. Meanwhile, this research clusters young techsavvy tourists into four distinct segments based on their behaviour of using Instagram while traveling. By bridging motivational theories, social psychology, and social media in the context of tourism, this research extends literature related to user-generated content and Instagram. Practically, this research allows marketers to optimise the effectiveness of marketing strategies based on the characteristics of tourists and their behaviour on social media platforms.
Research Interests:
The evolution of user experience and the growing popularity of mobile devices have changed the behaviour of today's consumers. The hospitality industry faces several challenges adapting to these changes. By means of responsive website... more
The evolution of user experience and the growing popularity of mobile devices have changed the behaviour of today's consumers. The hospitality industry faces several challenges adapting to these changes. By means of responsive website design (RDW), the majority of website content has been tailored to different smart devices. Therefore, the aim of this exploratory study is to find out whether RWD is still considered a state-of-the art technology for hotel mobile websites in guaranteeing customer satisfaction. By means of a true experiment involving an eye-tracking study, think aloud protocols and semi-structured interviews, the findings of this research show that users navigating the same hotel website on different mobile devices exhibit great differences when it comes to usability and content perception. This implies that it is not sufficient to design only one website and adapt it through RWD but that there is a necessity to create variable website designs for variable devices.
Research Interests:
This study is the first of its kind to apply the scenario technique approach to explore the future of wearable technologies in tourism. Focus groups were conducted to gain an understanding of the core factors that will determine the... more
This study is the first of its kind to apply the scenario technique approach to explore the future of wearable technologies in tourism. Focus groups were conducted to gain an understanding of the core factors that will determine the future use of wearable devices in an on-site tourism context. Software, Hardware, Network & Infrastructure, Comfort & Embodiment, Functions & Usages, Reliability and Third Party Access were identified as the most influential factors. Their future development will determine how tourists will employ wearable devices in their tourism experiences. The proposed future scenarios could serve as guidance for decision-makers in the organisational and destination management context. This research contributes to the theory on technology-mediated experiences in tourism and addresses the gap in literature regarding the tourist experience on-site whilst using wearable technology.
Research Interests:
This paper deals with the question of how hotel reviews impact the decision-making process of choosing hotel accommodation and the role which rating symbols play on hotel review and electronic booking intermediary websites. A potential... more
This paper deals with the question of how hotel reviews impact the decision-making process of choosing hotel accommodation and the role which rating symbols play on hotel review and electronic booking intermediary websites. A potential customer's decision in favour of or against a particular hotel may be influenced by the ratio of positive and negative reviews on hotel review platforms. Another crucial aspect is the importance placed on rating symbols in comparison to textual material. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify whether the first look at a hotel review is directed towards rating symbols or text. This research was conducted by means of a true experiment that made use of eye-tracking technology (BeGaze 3.4). The findings show that high priority is given to rating symbols rather than textual material and that the ratio of positive and negative reviews only partially influences an individual's decision for or against a certain accommodation. Furthermore, it offers tourism managers a deeper understanding of the importance of online hotel reviews.
Research Interests:
The tourism industry is inundated with tourists who have diverse profiles and choose to spend their time in different ways when visiting urban destinations. Understanding the so-called spatial-temporal behavior of tourists would include,... more
The tourism industry is inundated with tourists who have diverse profiles and choose to spend their time in different ways when visiting urban destinations. Understanding the so-called spatial-temporal behavior of tourists would include, a study of their movement within the space, the duration of time they spend at any given location and the services they utilize, all of which can provide valuable information not only to Destination Management Organizations, but also to all stakeholders involved in tourism businesses and the field of tourism research. While spatial-temporal behavior of tourists can be monitored and measured by several tracking methods, no general overview on the methodological approaches has been provided so far. Therefore, this research paper attempts to investigate and describe the possible tracking methods, while outlining the associated advantages and disadvantages of tracking tourist behavior in an urban place. Since using the Global Positioning System (GPS) has proven to be the most promising method in measuring tourist movement patterns in an urban destination, a case study undertaken in Salzburg City will highlight the benefits and limitations of using the GPS as a tracking technique. Understanding all the possible tracking methods and their advantages and disadvantages will serve as a theoretical basis for the future monitoring of tourist spatial-temporal behavior in urban destinations and allow researchers to select the appropriate approach for their project.
Research Interests: Etourism()
()
Open Tourism stands for the evolving transformations of traditional business models within the tourism industry. The new possibilities result in an opening of traditional structures, such as the integration of external sources into... more
Open Tourism stands for the evolving transformations of traditional business models within the tourism industry.
The new possibilities result in an opening of traditional structures, such as the integration of external sources into
corporate processes as well as the provision of touristic services between individuals in peer-to-peer networks. It
is therefore astonishing that there is no publication that offers us a comprehensive classification system covering
these occurrences, given the multitude of examples that are continually emerging in the tourism industry. These
transformations can be seen as dynamically enriching the tourism industry on the one hand, but also as
jeopardizing on the other. This paper depicts the challenges for the tourism industry, followed by a closer look at
the most popular Opening-Movements: Open Innovation, Crowdsourcing and Co-Creation. In the final section,
the authors present the Contribution-Utilization-Matrix, a framework developed for the purpose of classifying all
the different permutations/variations of Open Innovation, Crowdsourcing and Co-creation.
The new possibilities result in an opening of traditional structures, such as the integration of external sources into
corporate processes as well as the provision of touristic services between individuals in peer-to-peer networks. It
is therefore astonishing that there is no publication that offers us a comprehensive classification system covering
these occurrences, given the multitude of examples that are continually emerging in the tourism industry. These
transformations can be seen as dynamically enriching the tourism industry on the one hand, but also as
jeopardizing on the other. This paper depicts the challenges for the tourism industry, followed by a closer look at
the most popular Opening-Movements: Open Innovation, Crowdsourcing and Co-Creation. In the final section,
the authors present the Contribution-Utilization-Matrix, a framework developed for the purpose of classifying all
the different permutations/variations of Open Innovation, Crowdsourcing and Co-creation.
Research Interests:
Space, travel and communication are interdependent concepts which are and have been subjected to a historically rooted process of change. The present contribution elaborates on the relationship of the three concepts to each other and... more
Space, travel and communication are interdependent concepts which are and have been subjected to a historically rooted process of change. The present contribution elaborates on the relationship of the three concepts to each other and focuses on an examination of the change in the current concept of space against the background of new information and communication technologies within the framework of this triad. The author uses five theses to describe current tendencies of change and their impact on the tourism and leisure industry, thereby substantiating the need for a new conception of space.
Research Interests:
Austria’s tourism is characterised by a structure that has developed slowly and over decades, both on the supply side and in the area of tourism organisation. Legal provisions ensure the involvement of the economy and of performers, and... more
Austria’s tourism is characterised by a structure that has developed slowly and over decades, both on the supply side and in the area of tourism organisation. Legal provisions ensure the involvement of the economy and of performers, and the financing of important establishments and services at local and/or regional level is also guaranteed by legal regulations. Over the past 10 to 15 years, tourism has undergone a structural change that has been deliberately controlled and accelerated by politics. Global competition is becoming fiercer and is forcing the small-structured Austrian tourism to compete in larger competitive units and consequently to form clusters at the operational and organisational level. This contribution describes development, structure and organisation of Austrian tourism.
In order to be prepared for challenges caused by globalization, urbanization, climate change, socio-demographic changes, new values and norms in societies, so-called Smart City concepts have been developed. These cities implement... more
In order to be prepared for challenges caused by globalization, urbanization, climate change, socio-demographic changes, new values and norms in societies, so-called Smart City concepts have been developed. These cities implement Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to enhance life quality, efficiency of mobility, economy and sustainability. This article intends to comprehend the symptoms which indicate the future implication of NFC technology in its role within Smart City concepts. Furthermore, the future scenarios for stakeholders in tourism destinations are illuminated by applying a scenario technique. Within this context, this study explores the role of system theory in the scenario processes in order to comprehend whether scenarios can be regarded as systems. The results of the study clarify the factors that influence the implementation of the concept. Moreover, they suggest that a secret leader in the ecosystem is crucial for the concept’s success. The scenarios described contribute to the strategic orientation for future directions of tourism destinations and their stakeholders.
It is generally acknowledged that the image of a tourist destination plays a significant role in the destination selection process. Consumers, while searching for destination information tend to choose a destination with a strong and... more
It is generally acknowledged that the image of a tourist destination plays a significant role in the destination selection process. Consumers, while searching for destination information tend to choose a destination with a strong and favourable image. In order to design appropriate marketing strategies, it is therefore of paramount importance for a destination management organization (DMO) to understand what image exists in the minds of its potential consumers. In addition, it is vital to understand how the perceived image changes, depending on the communication channel being used. The following research aims to investigate how the destination image of Lithuania changed after the exposure to the DMO website. In order to carry out the research, a quasi-experimental design was used. The following research reveals that exposure to the DMO website facilitates change in one’s perception of the destination image, particularly in its cognitive and unique components. The research findings contribute to the improvement of the online marketing strategy of the Lithuania’s DMO.
The internet and its adoption changed the way in which tourists search for information. Due to the high level of information available on the internet, online search has become the major way in which information is accessed. The presence... more
The internet and its adoption changed the way in which tourists search for information. Due to the high level of information available on the internet, online search has become the major way in which information is accessed. The presence of social media has also strongly modified people’s information retrieval behaviour. Various studies state that online social networks represent an important source for holiday planning. This paper attempts to evaluate holiday related information in a scenario where users are only allowed to use Facebook’s search engine for finding the necessary information. The results indicate that Facebook delivers relevant information about attractions. However, it provides insufficient information quality for the decision making process concerning transportation and accommodation.
Abstract Purpose – Near field communication (NFC) is currently perceived to be one of the most promising technologies for the future and will most likely become the standard in mobile devices in the years to come. Due to the novel... more
Abstract
Purpose – Near field communication (NFC) is currently perceived to be one of the most promising
technologies for the future and will most likely become the standard in mobile devices in the years to
come. Due to the novel nature of this technology, the assessment of its importance for the tourism
industry is still relatively unclear. The author is one of the first to focus on NFC in tourism, with the
aim of introducing NFC technology and drafting first responses to the following questions: what
benefit can NFC technology have for tourism and what functionalities can it trigger? What are the
possible future applications in tourism and what challenges will tourism be faced with in this respect?
Design/methodology/approach – The potential of NFC for the tourism industry is outlined in an
extensive literature research, as well as in the presentation and discussion of several pilot projects and
case studies.
Findings – The paper provides an overview of NFC functionalities and presents a first insight into
the range of application for this technology in the tourism industry. The NFC ecosystem is examined
and operative and strategic effects for companies, as well as the impacts for tourists, are analysed.
Practical implications – NFC has a huge potential and offers a vast field of possible applications for
the tourism industry. The technology must be seen, however, as an enabler that cannot solve problems
from a supplier perspective, or increase convenience from a consumer perspective by itself. This paper
helps to understand the complexity of NFC as a technology, the need for a common understanding and
vision of its ecosystem, consistent business models which generate additional benefit, as well as the
combination of market push-and-pull effects with regard to adoption and diffusion.
Social implications – Modern society is virtually inconceivable without mobile devices and the
consequent use of mobile services. The multitude of technologies incorporated in the tiniest space has
turned mobile phones, and smart phones in particular, into the Swiss knives of our times. NFC could
change the way we interact, share, exchange and retrieve information.
Originality/value – Little research has so far been carried out on this topic and the author is one of
the first to focus on NFC in tourism so far.
Keywords Mobile technology, Tourism, Telecommunication systems, Product innovation,
Near field communication, Radio frequency identification, Mobile, mTourism
Paper type Conceptual paper
Purpose – Near field communication (NFC) is currently perceived to be one of the most promising
technologies for the future and will most likely become the standard in mobile devices in the years to
come. Due to the novel nature of this technology, the assessment of its importance for the tourism
industry is still relatively unclear. The author is one of the first to focus on NFC in tourism, with the
aim of introducing NFC technology and drafting first responses to the following questions: what
benefit can NFC technology have for tourism and what functionalities can it trigger? What are the
possible future applications in tourism and what challenges will tourism be faced with in this respect?
Design/methodology/approach – The potential of NFC for the tourism industry is outlined in an
extensive literature research, as well as in the presentation and discussion of several pilot projects and
case studies.
Findings – The paper provides an overview of NFC functionalities and presents a first insight into
the range of application for this technology in the tourism industry. The NFC ecosystem is examined
and operative and strategic effects for companies, as well as the impacts for tourists, are analysed.
Practical implications – NFC has a huge potential and offers a vast field of possible applications for
the tourism industry. The technology must be seen, however, as an enabler that cannot solve problems
from a supplier perspective, or increase convenience from a consumer perspective by itself. This paper
helps to understand the complexity of NFC as a technology, the need for a common understanding and
vision of its ecosystem, consistent business models which generate additional benefit, as well as the
combination of market push-and-pull effects with regard to adoption and diffusion.
Social implications – Modern society is virtually inconceivable without mobile devices and the
consequent use of mobile services. The multitude of technologies incorporated in the tiniest space has
turned mobile phones, and smart phones in particular, into the Swiss knives of our times. NFC could
change the way we interact, share, exchange and retrieve information.
Originality/value – Little research has so far been carried out on this topic and the author is one of
the first to focus on NFC in tourism so far.
Keywords Mobile technology, Tourism, Telecommunication systems, Product innovation,
Near field communication, Radio frequency identification, Mobile, mTourism
Paper type Conceptual paper
The term Web 2.0 is currently on everyone’s lips; even the tourism industry is awash with decision makers who are frantically searching for standardized, practicable guidelines on how not to sleep through yet again what has been touted... more
The term Web 2.0 is currently on everyone’s lips; even the tourism industry is awash with decision
makers who are frantically searching for standardized, practicable guidelines on how not to sleep
through yet again what has been touted as the new era of the Internet Version 2.0—especially
now that we are finally getting a handle on Version 1.0. As to be expected, the checklists and
manuals we have long searched for that offer us instruction on how to encounter this phenomenon
are for the most part lacking. This is not surprising when you consider confronting the challenges
of an extraordinarily vague formulation. In workshops, symposiums, and congresses, people throw
catchwords and technical terms about in an effort to describe what Web 2.0 stands for and determine
its apparent meaning for tourism. Profound issues and attempts at explanations are rare
indeed, and empirically verified statements are almost wholly lacking. Therefore, the aim of this
article is to deliver a selection of sociological explanatory approaches, thereby creating the theoretical
starting blocks for further research efforts. Consequently, the objective here cannot be to explain
the theories in their entirety and discuss in detail their individual contributions to the various
Web 2.0 phenomena. Instead, the goal is to bring to light starting points for a theoretically founded
debate on the subject. The overview in the form of a table at the end of the contribution describes
selected sociological approaches and puts them into the context of Web 2.0 and tourism by way
of examples.
makers who are frantically searching for standardized, practicable guidelines on how not to sleep
through yet again what has been touted as the new era of the Internet Version 2.0—especially
now that we are finally getting a handle on Version 1.0. As to be expected, the checklists and
manuals we have long searched for that offer us instruction on how to encounter this phenomenon
are for the most part lacking. This is not surprising when you consider confronting the challenges
of an extraordinarily vague formulation. In workshops, symposiums, and congresses, people throw
catchwords and technical terms about in an effort to describe what Web 2.0 stands for and determine
its apparent meaning for tourism. Profound issues and attempts at explanations are rare
indeed, and empirically verified statements are almost wholly lacking. Therefore, the aim of this
article is to deliver a selection of sociological explanatory approaches, thereby creating the theoretical
starting blocks for further research efforts. Consequently, the objective here cannot be to explain
the theories in their entirety and discuss in detail their individual contributions to the various
Web 2.0 phenomena. Instead, the goal is to bring to light starting points for a theoretically founded
debate on the subject. The overview in the form of a table at the end of the contribution describes
selected sociological approaches and puts them into the context of Web 2.0 and tourism by way
of examples.
Research Interests:
The internet already constitutes the most important information medium for travel planning. Destination management systems (DMOs) attempt to collect and deliver the information available about a destination as comprehensively as... more
The internet already constitutes the most important information medium for travel planning. Destination
management systems (DMOs) attempt to collect and deliver the information available about a destination as
comprehensively as possible, frequently with the result that the abundance of information makes it almost
impossible for the guest to interpret it appropriately and to plan his travel reasonably. In this paper, the author
presents a web solution that, through the individual networking of providers, enables destination information to
be prepared as content-to-go and made available in a decentralised system.
management systems (DMOs) attempt to collect and deliver the information available about a destination as
comprehensively as possible, frequently with the result that the abundance of information makes it almost
impossible for the guest to interpret it appropriately and to plan his travel reasonably. In this paper, the author
presents a web solution that, through the individual networking of providers, enables destination information to
be prepared as content-to-go and made available in a decentralised system.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Das Lehrbuch gibt umfassend Einblick in das Spektrum elektronischer Informations-, Kommunikations- und Reservierungssysteme im Tourismus.Aktuelle Trends im eTourismus sowie alle wesentlichen Systeme der Reisemittler (besonders globale... more
Das Lehrbuch gibt umfassend Einblick in das Spektrum elektronischer Informations-, Kommunikations- und Reservierungssysteme im Tourismus.Aktuelle Trends im eTourismus sowie alle wesentlichen Systeme der Reisemittler (besonders globale Distributionssysteme) und Leistungsanbieter (Flug, Hotel etc.) werden behandelt. Ein weitreichender Überblick zum Yield-, Vertriebskanal- und Kundenbeziehungsmanagement stellt wesentliche Prozesse ausführlich dar.
Research Interests:
Hat die Spaßgesellschaft ausgelacht und hat die Krise der Wirtschaft und der Werte sämtliche Lebensstrukturen durchdrungen, sodass schon aus psychohygienischen Gründen eine permanente Ablenkung erforderlich wird, um das Leben... more
Hat die Spaßgesellschaft ausgelacht und hat die Krise der Wirtschaft und der Werte sämtliche Lebensstrukturen durchdrungen, sodass schon aus psychohygienischen Gründen eine permanente Ablenkung erforderlich wird, um das Leben durchzustehen? Oder haben sich die Gewichte einfach so verschoben, dass Arbeit oder besser sinnstiftende Arbeit ihren Stellenwert zurückbekommen hat und sich in den Arbeitsprozessen heutzutage mehr Entfaltungsmöglichkeiten bieten, sich Arbeit und Freizeit also nicht mehr als Antipoden einander gegenüberstehen, sondern eher ineinander greifen? Sind Urlaubs- und Ferienzeiten einfach dadurch geprägt, dass man sich von Routinen befreit bewegen kann und das möglichst weit weg oder man an solche Orte reist, die der Anmutung von Paradiesen entsprechen, Heterotope mit Glückseligkeits¬versprechen, wohl wissend, dass es sich nur um ein zeitweiliges Abtauchen in solche Glücksräume handeln kann? Oder suchen wir nur nach Phasen der Ruhe, weil der kinetische Overkill zu einer Überhitzung des Systems Mensch führt, Kopf- wie Atemlosigkeit die Sinne benebeln und das Kontrastprogramm in einem demonstrativ rasenden Stillstand besteht, in Zeiträumen, in der Zeit keine dominierende Rolle spielt? Es sich leisten können, sich im Lotussitz niederzu¬lassen und die Augen auf die Ewigkeit zu richten – wäre das eine Alternative zu den Millionen Stunden verlorener Zeit in den Wartehallen der Flughäfen und im Stau auf Autobahnen? Die dramatischen Veränderungen in unseren Gesellschaften während der letzten Jahrzehnte haben Arbeit und Freizeit entgrenzt und ent¬koppelt, eigene und doch ineinander verzahnte Bereiche geschaffen. Was können wir erwarten und welche Aussichten ergeben sich im Kontext von Klimawandel, demographi¬schen Verschiebungen, der Beschleunigung des Lebens durch die Entwicklung der Technik – das sind entscheidende Fragen für den Tourismus- und Freizeitmarkt der Zukunft.
Research Interests:
Wachstum ohne Innovation ist im heutigen Wirtschaftsleben nicht vorstellbar. Auch Unternehmen in der Dienstleistungsbranche sind immer mehr gefordert, ihre Kunden mit Innovationen zu begeistern. Dieses Buch soll Klein- und... more
Wachstum ohne Innovation ist im heutigen Wirtschaftsleben nicht vorstellbar. Auch Unternehmen in der Dienstleistungsbranche sind immer mehr gefordert, ihre Kunden mit Innovationen zu begeistern. Dieses Buch soll Klein- und Mittelunternehmen in der Tourismusbranche Ratgeber und An leitung für erfolgreiches Innovationsmanagement sein.
Die Darstellung der Triebfedern der Veränderung, der Trends und potenziellen Marktentwicklung im Tourismus in diesem Guide soll dazu dienen, die Makro-Umwelt der Betriebe, Destinationen und Gäste bis auf Branchenebene zu durchleuchten und damit den Betrieben eine Orientierungshilfe geben.
Die Darstellung der Triebfedern der Veränderung, der Trends und potenziellen Marktentwicklung im Tourismus in diesem Guide soll dazu dienen, die Makro-Umwelt der Betriebe, Destinationen und Gäste bis auf Branchenebene zu durchleuchten und damit den Betrieben eine Orientierungshilfe geben.
"Review 'The book eTourism Case Studies provides a rich set of practical cases demonstrating the importance of the Internet for the tourism industry. It illustrates the need for understanding, developing and applying technological... more
"Review
'The book eTourism Case Studies provides a rich set of practical cases demonstrating the importance of the Internet for the tourism industry. It illustrates the need for understanding, developing and applying technological solutions for obtaining strategic benefits. The book fills a gap in the current eTourism literature, it is a rich source of information for both practitioners and academics.'
Professor Hannes Werthner, Vienna University of Technology
Product Description
eTourism Case Studies bridges the gap in contemporary literature by carefully examining marketing and management issues of many international companies that have successfully implemented eTourism solutions.
Divided into six sections this book explores the newest developments in this field, introducing and discussing emerging trends, approaches, models and paradigms, providing visions for the future of eTourism and supporting discussion and elaboration with the help of thorough pedagogic aids.
With contributions from leading global experts both from the industry and academia, each case follows a rigid structure, with features such as bulleted summaries and review questions, as well as each section having its own thorough introduction and conclusion written by the editors, highlighting the key issues and theories.
This is the first book of its kind to bring together cases highlighting best practice and methods for exploiting ICT in the tourism industry, from international market leaders.
* Lastminute.com
* Amadeus
* VisitBritain,
* Enterprise Rent-a-car
* Lufthansa systems "
'The book eTourism Case Studies provides a rich set of practical cases demonstrating the importance of the Internet for the tourism industry. It illustrates the need for understanding, developing and applying technological solutions for obtaining strategic benefits. The book fills a gap in the current eTourism literature, it is a rich source of information for both practitioners and academics.'
Professor Hannes Werthner, Vienna University of Technology
Product Description
eTourism Case Studies bridges the gap in contemporary literature by carefully examining marketing and management issues of many international companies that have successfully implemented eTourism solutions.
Divided into six sections this book explores the newest developments in this field, introducing and discussing emerging trends, approaches, models and paradigms, providing visions for the future of eTourism and supporting discussion and elaboration with the help of thorough pedagogic aids.
With contributions from leading global experts both from the industry and academia, each case follows a rigid structure, with features such as bulleted summaries and review questions, as well as each section having its own thorough introduction and conclusion written by the editors, highlighting the key issues and theories.
This is the first book of its kind to bring together cases highlighting best practice and methods for exploiting ICT in the tourism industry, from international market leaders.
* Lastminute.com
* Amadeus
* VisitBritain,
* Enterprise Rent-a-car
* Lufthansa systems "
Research Interests:
Das Buch ist für Praktiker in der Tourismusbranche und Akademiker gleichermaßen geeignet und zeigt in anschaulicher Weise die Mechanismen und Prinzipien des Social Webs im Tourismus auf. In den Beiträgen werden sowohl die theoretischen... more
Das Buch ist für Praktiker in der Tourismusbranche und Akademiker gleichermaßen geeignet und zeigt in anschaulicher Weise die Mechanismen und Prinzipien des Social Webs im Tourismus auf. In den Beiträgen werden sowohl die theoretischen Grundlagen als auch die praktischen Anwendungen des Social Web erläutert, viele Best Practice Beispiele illustrieren die Thematik. Dem Leser werden die Bedeutung und die grundlegenden Mechanismen des Social Webs verständlich aufgezeigt, so dass er zukünftige Aktivitäten im Internet besser planen und auf neue Entwicklungen abstimmen kann. Das Buch richtet sich damit an Internetverantwortliche und Leistungsträger sowohl in Destinationen als auch an Reiseveranstalter und Intermediäre im Tourismus. Es unterstützt die touristische Praxis der genannten Akteure durch Verstehensmodelle, Beispiele und Handlungsanweisungen. Auch für Tourismuswissenschaftler ist das Buch ein Einstieg in die touristische Praxis des Social Web.
"Mobile Technologien revolutionieren den Tourismus, denn egal, ob während der Anreise oder vor Ort, kaum jemand will auf den Komfort verzichten, immer und überall erreichbar zu sein, um aktuelle und ortsbezogene Informationen beziehen zu... more
"Mobile Technologien revolutionieren den Tourismus, denn egal, ob während der Anreise oder vor Ort, kaum jemand will auf den Komfort verzichten, immer und überall erreichbar zu sein, um aktuelle und ortsbezogene Informationen beziehen zu können, so die Herausgeber Egger und Jooss.
Im Sammelband mTourism – mobile Dienste im Tourismus stellen die Autoren die theoretischen Grundlagen und Konzepte des mTourism vor und evaluieren Applikationen und Lösungen, die für konkrete Anwendungsfälle entwickelt wurden. Der Sammelband „mTourism“ ist bei Amazon zum Preis von Euro 69,95 erhältlich.
http://www.amazon.de/mTourism-mobile-Dienste-im-Tourismus/dp/3834923621/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1283011112&sr=1-2"
Im Sammelband mTourism – mobile Dienste im Tourismus stellen die Autoren die theoretischen Grundlagen und Konzepte des mTourism vor und evaluieren Applikationen und Lösungen, die für konkrete Anwendungsfälle entwickelt wurden. Der Sammelband „mTourism“ ist bei Amazon zum Preis von Euro 69,95 erhältlich.
http://www.amazon.de/mTourism-mobile-Dienste-im-Tourismus/dp/3834923621/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1283011112&sr=1-2"
"Phänomene lassen sich in einer von hoher Komplexität geprägten Welt nicht mehr auf eine Wahrheit reduzieren. Dies gilt besonders für den Bereich Tourismus. Dennoch wird kaum die Frage gestellt, wie eine derartige Thematik bearbeitet... more
"Phänomene lassen sich in einer von hoher Komplexität geprägten Welt nicht mehr auf eine Wahrheit reduzieren. Dies gilt besonders für den Bereich Tourismus. Dennoch wird kaum die Frage gestellt, wie eine derartige Thematik bearbeitet werden kann, um ihrer Komplexität gerecht zu werden. In der vorliegenden Publikation werden touristische Themen nicht isoliert diskutiert, sondern in Polaritätsfeldern dialektisch auf ihren Gegensatz bezogen, um widersprüchliche Positionen ganzheitlich zu beleuchten. Das Buch richtet sich gleichermaßen an strategische PlanerInnen, die akademisch fundierte Aussagen für eine nachhaltige Ausrichtung benötigen, wie auch an Tourismus - TheoretikerInnen und StudentInnen, welche zeitgemäße Herausforderungen aus einer interdisziplinären Sichtweise beleuchtet wissen wollen.
ISBN-13: 978-3643501592"
ISBN-13: 978-3643501592"
Permanente Veränderung ist eine Konstante der heutigen Zeit. Ein Blick in die Zukunft erfolgt im Tourismus meist nur punktuell - und das mittels Worthülsen wie "Verlust der Mitte", "Multioptionalität" oder "Individualisierung".... more
Permanente Veränderung ist eine Konstante der heutigen Zeit. Ein Blick in die Zukunft erfolgt im Tourismus meist nur punktuell - und das mittels Worthülsen wie "Verlust der Mitte", "Multioptionalität" oder "Individualisierung". Zielsetzung des Buches ist eine fundierte Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik Zukunft und ihren Herausforderungen für den Tourismus. Das Buch richtet sich gleichermaßen an strategische Planer, die akademisch fundierte Aussagen für eine nachhaltige Ausrichtung benötigen, wie auch an Tourismus-Theoretiker und Studenten, welche die Anforderungen an eine touristische Zukunft aus einer interdisziplinären Sichtweise beleuchtet wissen wollen.