~~1k~~.!3U1mliJf~~ftJ(~=+m) -1'?t~ag\tl!1i!"f:~*,J!X;iifJVt~T 15tlt~* .l~t~ 2oo&t I /18 16tlt~cmCDo Bilingual Glossaries and dictionaries in Medieval Asia (Liu Yingsheng, Institute of Asian Studies, Nanjing University) iliif !:jWJInJ: The discussion of the paper starts from a book published several years ago entitled An' Introduction of the Studies on Bilingual Dictionaries. (iltw.~nllit~)Ghayi'r i'nalcuq !:j( JG~) ~JL~ -U.~B~¥f.liJf~ '* Its authors based their research mainly on the ancient and medieval dictionaries compiled in Europe when they traced back the history of compiling bilingual dictionaries and ignored the long tradition of Asia in compiling these glossaries. In the part of medieval bilingual glossaries of China, the paper focuses on the glossaries of Sino-Buddhist terms introduced from India, Xianbei-Chinese glossaries, the categorized Korean-Chinese glossary entitled Jilin Lieshi «~#~$» , the categorized Tanqut-Chinese saries entitled Fanhan Heshi Zhangzhongzhu( Jurchen terms in the Liaoshi and the Jinshi, Zhiyuan Yiyu « ~:Jtwi! >) , OIftl7.il-Bt1Jt9=J3)jc», the glos- the categorized Sino-Mongolian glossaries entitled the categorized bilingual glossaries -,~~~MA:fiJf~ parts of Kitan and « $~wi! » compiled by the Asian Institute of the Ming ( lm~1lf). In the part of other Asian medieval bilingual dic.tionaries outside of China, the paper compared the categorized bilingual dictionaries compiled in Korea and those compiled in West Asia with that of China. The author believes that all these should be considered when discussing the topic of the history of the bilingual dictionaries. 1¥Djt*,*=:Jt~j[fft~)/tfJl*il-OO~~ :>cffl~ (UNESCO) ag<9=Jsw.:>CIlJl~HI~lm!ffi'~w JVt9=J:>C!Jili 1o.1fJt1H:I:l T -1' ggj] ~~lIJ IPJz-X1ER! : 13 tlt~ ag11tWT:>c <tlt JHlEHlUf~ > [Ta' nkh-ijahan-gusha] ic~T~~~*'~\tI!1fl'lj"ftlmag;tt.IJTmOO (Khwiirazm) i-ft~~J ~ (Otrar) *'§" ,;lt~~ jg Ghayi'rinalcuqoCDI'iJ~, <:Jt~ . JVt~,1~,ff-+-lm1f: (1219) !lJic~: "gg~*'ft11f ,*$~jjl*VE,Jflif.t~~J~,~;lt~Jl€t 9.JL9.~3'L"®~~ HI!Ghayi"r i"naltuq Jlt=~1J\l*~OfiiJlIJlPJ? 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Boyle(1958) , pp. 77-81; fPJii1IivtW:, ~J.'!!.j!~ (1999) ,JJr90-1000 ~1t]l'lfntO~~1kj!!jtiEz$,!lFiH<~1t~~)~ 2541k~JJI5lf130 (2) <~~>, JJr200 ® "~"~m'lw¥,<p1t&ift,a1ij:~r!kif [ct.]o :lJ\lft&iftjr§t\lf!lJ..:ll.mft,m1ij:~i#;tF [I.'] (mif ~ 1it:m,~:tii'1w: (1940; 1994),JJr285-2890 <p1tM1ij:~i#;19[I] ~r!liJift1ti:iiE:.3Hj!!j:lt:tij§ ~Bi:l1.it [I] ,)(lfJl5jj'Htit#lIlilRN 0 @ ilfA*tt,:lt:ti1iiiS:k,*<p1t&ift (MiddleChinese, MC) agA,a,lt~o"3'i:"MC * luk>Iuo JIt JI5I~agX1?'hiij7C ifW:jl}i:l1./F~mftagf<:iEmA,a ,Rf<tEif"P ~~if1!i'IIIft/FJ]!, :!iX;~*f~11Ilif~tF~ ~ifagif"PjlijWtilif;liagif"P 0 Jltj(t tlWlc uq zl&~11IliftEmw:Btw:~IIIft'* To ® Paul Pelliol;i.I;jM~W:(1995)0 ® Paul Pelliol:i.I;jM~W:(1995) ,JJr45-460 /ehl) ,PiJ.'!!.(!liJifr--:fflifHiiS ,M fl iiSJ.'!!.[Ilo B. Karlgen(il1Ii*rx) dj~~ff, CD ~'i EmeIS,Arabic Grammars of Turkic( ~ll:WT:<JliiJ:flLfa)(~nltag~JJ:iftiftrtJ), JJr33-390 tt Uil:l<.!!(GoldenH.'3I)(,JJr170 66 1. "§c.JiJ:. i!- qadYr- qazlr 1.5)};;Z at. -t "§C. 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Jaryu"WV~" !fF~.:"j[;t'lM!tlk;lt~)Jf.:" ,<j[;t'l~~ (-llHH*~itXn(l987), 91:lLtrno ~W":R: ~cg:$ W$*1H'ij 0 0 *" 0 ® The King's Dictwoory (2000). tt:!zO:T. yasa-"1fl;~" > M. Jasaq"*Ll1lt:-jjJff~~." (Hexaglot 198A3D-31, p.202);T. ya'(an-M. Ja'(an"~"(l99C5, p. 5);T. yemi~-M. Jimis (202B2, p. 254);T. ya'(aq-M. Ja'(aq"i'j)j~~"(202BI2.p. 255);T. yigde-M. Jigde"~J!l"(202B13. p.256):T. yUrek-M. Jarlike",L· Illt"(200AII &202C20, pp. 225,260) ;T. yori--M. Jori-";lE/1i:f.t~"(204B24.p. 276) :T. yaqa- M. Jaqa ";&~" (205B35, p. 299) (i) <~itM~>: ya'(un"~i,." 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ClausonJiJfiJi\tJ!1ifr 1'11' .A.~~ifriPJ 1[ ij(]~=Bt lill0® ® A. von Gabain(i!l,1JOm) mll:J, VJ:JGtf)jgf'ji¥J~i!:lIt~ A. von Gabain (1974), p. 52;Jt,kt!tK~ 3Hffl"~" (lan)*~m-nal 0 !,\!.<$~iti!> CD W~ ~ (1997) !!l1ftii: jffi$ffr IJ'iI(West Yughur) ,!t:g-~ ,Yf 16,530 *$ (¥i!;~Tatarian),P€tfi:R; .& ± (Kazak),tf$tfWT Tl¥ijffifB:fiJIJF..&IliiJ$*ilJi¥JE~~JJii!$~, It jI; i! (Uighurian) (Kirghiz) JlIiTjffi$~JJii!,OOEL ~POrHn i¥J" ±B" ,<t'EM~> (Tuva) :Ji!;JiSf± i¥J"JEB" (Tuba), 0 JlIi~t$~JJii!1i1f ® Paul Pelliot (fl'l:l\i"fIl), "Sur la leganda d' Ugbuz-khan en ecriture Ouigoure", T' oung Pao vol. 27 (XXVII 1930), pp. 683-724. (Ch. Schefer) 0 fa:l\i"fIliA.~J!ttp*Ii!t~T l2S:,'31§Jt,kt!tB'.:<~EWTOJffi¥Jf~i$i.> :g-$~i;;!f<~8WTOJffi¥Jf~i$i.>" 15 t!tia~ilJ ~1~~(l986) @ iJl;~1{: ":JG$l~~'&jI;~mt" ® Gerard Clauson (1958-59), ,JiJ: 1-220 0 jffi~t ,P€tfi:R;1,rmt*l¥i$i¥J-tfnJ.lI!J. 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(2005), Yf 121: J!t'¥-ti!..!\!.Tm~t@]~ffOO.~)« aWT (2001) ,Jli:238-2440 1 !ft,JiJ:35:Compendium (2002) ,Yf 210-2160 I, p. 281 Tigin) *j!ij~=rr,Qadrr-qan of the Turkic Dialects, J!t:JcVJ~JJi-n1f:£:1F I, p. 850 i!~$ft~(fltJtit, (y- - J-) *~i-T<~I'J:i!*~~> m "" (Jahu < Yahaqu) ..7It/F!ziIi"(Jabaqu < Yabaqu) JOC" 0 'Pi¥J Yahaqu $ ~tffll~'w(iB-Jr1'r{]Jf*:1f/GY-d-iftrL*1!:{~-y-o 15 tlHc-triiJ Jtf!.lK i¥J@]~*<~ ilWTPI ¥f1tiJD{]JM:1fil1~~'w(i!i¥J- ITif, CDtt 1m"W' adaq :tJ:*1!:~ ayaq,(g)"~~..adu-y:tJ:* 1!:fl:-y-(adY-y > ayY-y)®:*:~iE 12 t!t~c*, WffIlliUt ffIl~ ,W(Jr1'rf* M i¥J-d-'l§'-{fH~ £ 1tH~Lt ~tti1:; , om iA~ .It!:A i¥J~ ffF~ tV.12 t!t ~c.i¥JWffIl!jJUt ffIl~ ~ i! Jr 1'ri.t ili : J!t~ il A j,ltJf]J!tJr1'r i2;'1{ T 1t!! QadYr Bl'f ~il i! 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A, im3(*;Ji;I.±1if{l*{~:!IO, ® il!liEHIt-HtTAKATA Tokio(2005c)0 ® ~'f~m~~zB&bl.P'lMHUUi!!iSIF.,'PjIJ&iitW~" a<J.3i:iffll'AIUTiit,'9i!JJi· MHt~Cay: ~ KX7JtIAbl.Ii!iB&3UJJImHiHH~:It!l, tt~.3J r!liJ1Jj1f*f$~"~" ~ leao @ "M<"[qI~n] JilIiIlilJ:,"~"[qa] tl1.JilIiIlilJ:,"J1l!:" [Ihlet] JilI1JIJilJ:o tE{mfI:\J}a<J~ilJ:[1-J,1JIJilJ: [Ih_] ,iIlilJ:[q-] tEr!IiJ~iit.&r!IiJ~tiittllw;:lln9jlijilJ: [1-] jj\ti~ilJ:[Ih_]:iliiJit1!l!~~!tlUIH{mfI:\JHJf&.~a<J 'Pi!if-.IiiJ~:{&iitiffI:\J~}(2001) ,91:146-1500 11i7~~-*:1ftHI'rI:fjl:i!&iit:fl~JiiiffB ilJ: [lr-, Ihr_, dr]'~~~:1ftE (2001) ,91:14-150 bl.l:i!a<J~JiIlif [lr-, Ihr_, dr-] 5Htft'Pi!&iitJilu Jllt1'.l~-j§'a<JfBilJ:"~1JIJiIl" ,5Htftr!IiJ~tr!IiJ~iit!illjJlll.1iT -r-~Jllt [1-, Ih_,d-] 0 *T l:i!iiiHUJ'Pi!a<J IlI!.fBilJ:~[d-].&iIl [q-]'J!I1f.~1!fJZ.:fl'9i!lRt,iA1'.It:ff]~*§ [l:i!I-> 'Pi! d-].& [l:i! r1->'Pi! q-] ,~~lIffl~ (2000) ,91:272-2730 ® "$"[Ij;Ia] JilI~='IfBilJ:,,,tlfj"[!fhap] JilIfJl::'I,"~"[!fhrel] JilIfJJ::'Io ® Jlftll (2001) ,91:125-1260 ~1jtttf (l99I),:m: 19-22,136-1420 ® :lla~,bl.~~:Jc#jIVRa<Jt~iit'i!!i~t:1fj1f*~flr!IiJilHia<J § Jllta<J'Pi!&iit~~z - 9l.,~::t:1'iTfmm~1lta<J~t:1f'§~:fl::t::k*J'fo ® ~1jtttf (1991) ,91:20 (j) 0 *" :iI!!(:k~IIif1: * Ya-yanTu-ydi')0" JA!.{~~lnm-~m=5tJl't, 91:840 ~imM<~llo~~tUltt~M{l :Jc*{~~} a<J1.±1if 0 ® {'9i!JJiiit:kiiiJJIll.}m I ~,91: 223-224;Compendium of the Turkic Dialects, I, p. 1980 (j) OJl~IIHi'}~tjlij~H':::::n-,IIi:t;J\lT1'iTff(qIrqIzqa-yan)a<J:lM!i!U4i:i2>!k . fJI'~,* . i!lJ (Tardu§ InanCuCor) ,~~~~Ijij (1998) ,91:227,261 .&Itk1!tRl(2005) ,91:136 ® Compendiumof the Turkic Dialects, I, p, 147:{'9i!JJiiit:kiiiJJIll.}m I ~,91: 132:"J,jI(InaJ) ,Mill: *I:fj:!itilt~ ,x:*tIJ:!itT>jl-Rla<J1f1f.Zf$~o Q;~-1-m\~0" ~-:1fjlij ,121!t2~'i!!ifs~ma<J~~a J\lTAz~U~%~1'.IYnal ({~~}m-~m-5tJlfr,91:245-247) ;{f~~}m23911ic~a<J-{1l~~a J\IT$1i®lMl,,g 1'.1YediInal (tl1.:iI!! . !Jl'tl'ltIJ)0 ® lnanca t1'.l"mfllJ" ,J7'Jt$K::t:llEffzx:,,g1'.l lnanca BilgeBugUQan (!Jl'~~ . ~,tlJfli . ~ i! . ff) ,JA!.{M~Hrn51 ,18911.&{~~}(m-~m-5tJlfr ,91:227-228) ,~~~~~~ (1991) ,91: 0 107 'i!!i~t:1f1if ~{mfI:\J) JiJf &.~ 0 lID :tt~JT~lE*fttt3::fL~T¥ r:fl-$K,g u4 Hajib, ~#1'.1InancQano ~~(1!tWUEDIl1!f ~}91: 145,187,196-197 Z'P J. 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The same storywasrecordedin the Chinese ¥uanshi but the governor's name is quite different: hazhi-er zhi-lan-tu. This linguisticarticle is to identifythese two Persian and Chinesetranslated names. Indeed, the variationswerenot becauseof the Persianor Chinese, but due to both the NorthernTurkicdialect speakingand the phoneticchange (palatalization) of the 13th century Mongolian. 1lPJ1)L1SX~*'l(Arabic) AI-Malikal-'Mdal al-Abbasb. 'Ail, Rasalid Hexaglol 0 0 0 The King's Dictiomuy- The Rasalid Hexaglol: Fourteenth Century Vocabularies in Arabi< ;, Persian, Tur- CD ~)~ PfE-PT~.~ 12tlt2* 13tlt2:fJJ~$J!!f1S~mH9W~~wrMt-~~~ rnal-B\;~' Jrnal-, (~ 23911iC~H9w~]~wr$®l1lll YediInal (1l!il!!. iJl;~t1J), iitr~~l'l ~~JJ(* YdI".±A" -iiilffl *r ~ili y-a95!:{t*,!P*lf5!:~ j-;ffi~:1Ifw~wWiAfflff~.±z,*,:&if!P*lf5!:~· Jrnal, yediyidi".±.A" ,I,\l.tm~~~ (1991) ]l'(309,btJtslffl Radloff(1)L'l!r~;Jc)(ii\ffl~JJ(i.g:1:f11fiiil~>Jf~-ilIt, ]l'(1507, kil:, Greek, Armenian and Mongol, trans. Halasi-Kun, T. , Golden, Peter B. , Ligeti, L. , and Schlitz, E. (Leiden; Boston; Koln: Brill, 2(00) 2:!;W,O(::ItJJl::.A.~t!:lJ\&t± ,2(05) , m: 201-2320 ;§)g~,1997 Mahmiid al-KM-YaI1,Dewlinluglit aI-turky (469/1077) (~JX*lt~*i1f,*,) Dankoff, Robert trans. , Compendium of the Turkic Dialects-Dtwan Luy& at-Turk mm (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University, 1982-1985) (~»Ji**iiiJ~) ,t!tf.p~~w ,1997) ~\'i*fW;" ,( ~1J1*X> 19981Fm 2 JIJl iHiij ti, 2001 <&*il'~,*,>< Poppe, Nikolai Nikolaevich trans. , Mongol' skif s/ovar' Muqadimat aI-Adab (Trudy Instituta Vostokovedenija, XIV, Moskva-Leningrad, 1938; Westmead, Farnborough, Hants, England: Gregg International Publishers Litmited, 1971) &XsE'f4 :~a.A.~t!:lJ\&t± "@I~J:\~llxQ~'~*)L*:E (::ItJJl:: ~1J1t!:lJ\&U,2(02) Muqaddimat aI-Adab (898/1492) ~}F~~ ~::It :JX11foi (Eldengtai) ,g,~it~ <~llWsEiiiJTC~*f} ,1968 ;::ItJJl::'Pi1'11foi ,2(01) (Wuyundalai) JiiJ~j.llOO (Asalatu) ,1991 (P¥f!lra-~: 1*J~1l.A.~t!:lJ\&t±,1980 ,1991) 1fktl!:~,1982 ,fJ?:~H!-tj (P'l'f!lra-~: 1*J~1l*'*'t!:lJ\&t±,2(02) (m-F:iIJ!}Wlf~ll*iii.l~) (i<,t-** cJ (Dobu) "'!fUJ~WiOO a-yunasutu) SlJ!I"~ ,1998 <g, llWiPIffB-9fh~} (i<,t-** :~iI.A.~I±lJ\&U ,1982) -,2001 (Chinese) "llf-tt!IH'f}FsEt'if(g,llJlliPIffB-9ffliJ/.}" (i1'~w*) Mostaert, Antoine trans. , Le Materiel Mongol du Houa 1 1 lu de Houng-ou (Bruxelles: Institut Beige ,<~mxsE~:!IO (::ItJJl:: 'P:!R:~1J1*'*'t!:lJ\&t±,2(01), m: (::ItJJl:: 'P:!R:~1J1*'*'t!:lJ\&t±,2(03), m: 114-1250 -,2003 des Hautes Etudes Chiooeses, 1977) , vol. 1, 2. "~1'H*@I~x{m*~~)(j!ilt}" (5l;sE) (::ItJii:: 'Pi1'ej5foi ,1976) ,U1Hf}Fllf-tx~.fijf~} 397-4080 ~llxsEfl -,2005 (Mongolian) <llf-t~JXx~4i!t.fijf~> Mongyol -un Niyut a Tobt iyan ;j:L~Wi~ (Sechin Jagchid) :(~llWsE~Wfttt*f) (~::It:i"lJf!Rt!:lJ\&l±,1979) Cleaves, Francis W. trans. , The Secret History of the Mongols (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard (&*llil'¥il1t} (::ItJJl::::ItH:*'*'t!:lJ\&U,1986) ¥iifl#,2oo1 University Press, 1982) !Jl'~;It (Y. IrinchinH5l;tIlWsE ;HH!!I'l (::ItJJl::'P:!R:~1J1*,*,t!:lJ\&U,2oo5) $I\~ ~ ,1986 ({l!:g.f*~llX)}( (OZAWA Sbigeo) : <5l;tIl~sE~*f}( "*Tmt~1J1sE P~f!lra-~: 1*J~1l*'*'t!:lJ\&1±,1987) *JJl: :JX1.fii]cj5J% ,1986-) , ~;t;;IIJT...t. 'P, r J~...t, ~'P,~ro 'PWi¥il'!3t!JIi'il" , <~1P~} (...ttlt: ...ttlt.A.~t!:l J\&U,1982;;q~a:: foJ::Itttff t!:l J\&t±,2001) , m: 226-2320 P'l'mtf;"OO (Koglllii),iUiftOt!I (Samla) tj,2004 de Rachewiltz, Igor trans. , The Secret History of the Mongols-A Mongolian Epil: Chronil:leof the Thir- teenth Century (Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2004) <)\'Ji~,~*~ll*x~TCtj}( P~f!lra-~: 1*J~J5"~ff t!:lJ\&t±,2004) '$1ftE ,2001 Ctllil'.fijf~}(::ItJJl:: I&:WiXsEfl (Persian) Jtli9Tf/l11i1'f,1982,2001) XlJill!JI1,I994 JuvaynI, 'A1a-ad-Djn' Ata-Malik, Ta' rrkh-i Jahiin-gusha Boyle, J. A. (1&:#';") trans., fIDi::lt~1J1sE!3~1f~ffOOsE.fijf~} The History of the World Conqueror (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1958), 2 vols. "iI!311::lttlHfll-iiIl-B3:,\!!.I.1Jff!31l1i ~~.'ll~,fiiJ~mw:(tl!:j'HiUli:jlfsE}( 2160 ~:fIlll!f~: ~~1l.A.~tfjJ\&U,1999) RashId al-DIn, Jiimi' al-Tawankh (l¥iJJl:: l¥iJJl:*,*,t!:lJ\&t±,1994) -,2002 ~" , <W:~,*,fij}m 3. (::ItJJl:: 'Pi1'11foi ,2(02),:n 210- ~1lt:ll} (Luo Chamg-peir) ,1991 Rau~an, M., Miisavj M. ed., Jami' al-Tawarikh (Tehran, 1373/1994) <f.!fJift"IDi::lt1fi1fH The NorthwesternDialects of Tarng and Five Dynasties] (...ttlt: OOJt'P :!R:1i1f~~JE *"*~ sE*i1f.fijf~JYr ,1933; ~::It: :=:~11foi ,1991 11',:J:f/l*) ,)lij~~w ,<sE~}( . ::ItH:: Jtli9Tf/l11i1'f,1983) . ~it*,2001 <::It1f~1J1B-9JEsEtUI!!3I1iiJ}F~tIf*i1fjtli'ilttB-9%jjJt)( l*J~ll*,*,~ll,*,TiIf~~ 'P x~ft (Chinese studies) <~&iiiJ~ ~1~~,1986 "+:=:1It2~)lltrB-9Ja.tEOO" ,O];sE~2:!;Hln m (::ItJJl::'Pi1'11foi,1986),m: ,~lli!xTilf~JYr Olhr*)}( ~f!lra-~: l*J~ll*,*,I±lJ\&U,I999) mffl~,2000 1-22;(~5l;sE.fijf~ <&*JEsEil'~$> (...ttlt: ...ttlt~1f ::ItJJl:: 'P OOl±~flI-,*,t!:lJ\&U,2001) ,1999 t!:lJ\&U,2(00) ~~a)j,\998 <it~Jj~~lilf~>< 1:#ll :1:#llit$lft\j !llH±, \998) mftoll,2oo\ El:::IcOi'fto (Japanese studies) <ifJl3J,*,~W> (:It* ::It**,*, t\j Jj&U,200\ ) t~JlliliI (MUTSUKAWASetsu) ,2002 tm'l,*,,2oo\ "fi~~(7)-'f: "itft~m::::IU;JlJi~w1if" ,< If!lE:lt:1f fl',~JJJ ~:::Ic1titt/.n t!"pltA. fl',t\j lWit±,2oo1), ( ~:Jtl: 9t 238-2440 /' ::t}l/~g$fJ:::Iclil\!3ft1'" ,<liI\!r<JJ~~fl(7)~iri¥J,HJT'':: i&m . ~~YA T .M')'ii~i¥JJijf~> "fi~}J!.(7)~7~ir~:Y#~~§'liI\!" on the Inner Asian Languages] Akhinzhanov, Serzhan M. , \991 Formation on the Eurasian Periphery (Los An- geles: Universityof Southern California, 1991), pp. 126-131. 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Bathold," T' oung Pao j~j:ji,27 (1930), pp. 12-56. \lit~~atftz±Ij:;ltJlJi:l.!!Jiftt" 1995) ,m-~JrE::tlil.9t , n!i~Wl#ll~:Il!l~iiEw£>( :ltJii:: 1lli*fjJ~m, 1-530 -,1930 "Sur la leganda d'Ughuz-khan en ecnture Ouigoure", T' oung Pao iiM, vol. 27 (1930), pp. 683- 724. Poppe, Nicholas (~:l:ll'), Introduction \955 to Mongolian Comparative Studies (Helsinki: Suomalais-UgrilainenSeura, 1955) Radloff, W. (t!lit\m~) Versuch eines Worterbuches der Tilrk-Dialecte [ vol. 1-4. Zieme, Peter (lX~), ,<~~ • fl',~ • ~,§H:ltJii: 1985 itffl ~Jji!:1f,§iiiJ~] :If!if!~fi\j,2()()5) ,9t 159-184 ,<~~. fl',~. (St. Petersburg, 1893-1911) ~'§},9t 185-203 --,2oo5c "@]~~ttif(f.jp±fHi&:::Ic~*~}f" *kJl-w :<~JjJJJr!lilf~>(:lt*: ill,~t1Jw:"1 "@)~~if~" "@)fl~if~tlltJ!" dans Ie maude Turk Anden du CNRS, 1991) Clauson,.Gerard (1UJI~), (\99\) ,9t 1-920 -,2oo5b • 5JB!'), 1991;1998 Bazin, Louis (Jl!~ ,Nairiku Ajia gengo no kenkyu< fkJ~7 ;;7~Mi(7)Jijf~> ,m 8. i'iIiB3at!t (TAKATATokio) ,2oo5a "Kipcaks and Khwarazm", Rulers from the Steppe-State Aluilrkische W 55-67 0 If!:ftr¥ (NAKAMURAJun) ,\99\ flXmI Oi'fto(European studies) - J:1" -'f:/' :t;v1il'~ . 5C~(7) (*~ImU~*~.~-WTIUIl~mW~B3lilf~~,2oo2), ,<~m. fl',~ • i!'§} ,9t 204-224 [Studies