Vulnerable children

Health is a fundamental component of well-being. Children's health affects their ability to succeed in school and engage in other learning opportunities within the contexts of their family, neighborhood, and community. This brief examines the relationship between the health of children and that of their parents, and between the availability of emotional support for parenting and children's health, based on a large national sample. We use parent self-reports of health, which prior research has determined are valid measures of health status for both parents and their children. We find that, controlling for demographic and household characteristics, children's health is strongly associated with the health of their parents, suggesting that approaches addressing two-generation health may be beneficial. However, the availability of emotional support for parenting is not significantly associated with children's health.

Desde o surgimento das histórias em quadrinhos, os enredos com super-heróis são focados no espírito comunitário, confiança mútua, força e coragem, temas inspiradores para as áreas da Educação e Saúde. Entretanto pouco se sabe acerca do impacto das imagens dos super-heróis como recurso pedagógico e promotor de expressões de resiliência. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as imagens dos super-heróis como recursos para a promoção de resiliência em crianças e adolescentes em situações de risco em ambientes educativos. Um dos resultados indicou que a maioria dos personagens fictícios viveu situações de risco como orfandade, abandono e abuso antes da fase de empoderamento. O estudo analisou relações entre adversidades da vida real de crianças desfavorecidas psicossocialmente e as adversidades da vida ficcional de personagens super-heroicos, em suas fases pré-superpotência (Pré-Capa/Pré-Máscara). A partir desses dados foi desenvolvido o objetivo de criar, executar e avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção positiva, apresentando como tema norteador o super-herói na fase Pré-Capa/Pré-Máscara. A intervenção foi realizada em uma escola pública, tendo como participantes adolescentes das séries finais do ensino fundamental. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os participantes compreenderam e abstraíram os conceitos de risco, adversidade e ponto de virada. Isso lhes possibilitou discutir suas dificuldades cotidianas e buscar novas propostas de enfrentamento. Além disso, o grupo pesquisado evidenciou o entendimento de que o heroísmo não está atrelado apenas aos superpoderes, mas também a questões mais complexas, tais como: práticas relacionais de cuidado, bons tratos e reciprocidade com equilíbrio de poder. Ressalta-se a importância da condução dos encontros interventivos por um profissional preparado para realizar ações planejadas e testadas previamente.

In philosophy, there are two competitor views about the nature and value of childhood: The first is the traditional, deficiency, view, according to which children are mere unfinished adults. The second is a view that has recently become increasingly popular amongst philosophers, and according to which children, perhaps in virtue of their biological features, have special and valuable capacities, and, more generally, privileged access to some sources of value. This article provides a conceptual map of these views and their possible interpretations, and notes their bearing on issues of population ethics and on the duties that we are owed during childhood.

An earlier version of the program, Great Kids, was evaluated and found to be effective in increasing family cohesion and expressiveness and reducing family conflict. Participants also reported having more confidence in their parenting and being more hopeful that things in their families would improve.
Participants in the evaluation could be considered the “worried well”, that is, they were parents who were not necessarily facing complex issues or from particularly disadvantaged backgrounds. One of the recommendations was that the program be directed at and available to a wider range of people, such as people from culturally and linguistically diverse
backgrounds, people with disabilities and single-parent families (Staiger et al., 2006). The program has since been significantly revised and renamed Bringing Up Great Kids (BUGK). This
evaluation aimed to evaluate the program in its current form as well as to expand on the previous evaluation by exploring BUGK relevancy for families from disadvantaged areas facing multiple and complex issues.

Denne metodebeskrivelse har til formål at formidle de overordnede erfaringer og resultater fra afprøvningen af metoden Makkerlæsning. Den
primære målgruppe for notatet er fagpersoner, som arbejder på det sociale eller skolefaglige område, og som har en særlig interesse for udsatte børn og unges skolegang. Publikationen har særligt fokus på implementering af metoden, hvorfor den er særlig relevant for fagpersoner, som er interesseret i at afprøve og/eller inddrage metoden som et tilbud i kommunen.

Floating column building is a new fascination for engineers. As floating column buildings provides more space and good aesthetics to the building. But have high structural challenges, when a floating column is provided in a multi-story building in a high seismic zone. This paper reviews several studies conducted on the floating column building and its behavior under seismic loads. This paper studies that floating column building are vulnerable to the high seismic zones. The risk of damage also depends on the shape and size of the buildings. The ductile detailing of the joints is the promising solution for immediate failure of such buildings.

Nogle børn er synligt udsatte, fordi hele familien eller barnet er iøjnefaldende for det paedagogiske personale. Andre børn er usynligt udsatte: Umiddelbart er der ikke synlige tegn ved barnet eller familien, som vaekker personalets bekymring. Men når børn bliver usynlige og "vandrende", er der tale om en anden form for udsathed, som i lige så høj grad kraever at vi ser med barnet, for at hjaelpe barnet. Her bliver vores børneperspektiv vigtigt: Hvad er barnet optaget af? Hvorfor fastholdes det ikke i leg og aktiviteter med andre børn? Det bliver altså en måde til at finde ind til barnets interesser og motivation for at deltage i børnefaellesskabet.

The online Summer School (23 June-20 July, 40 hours) aims to provide a comprehensive training on the right to private and family life of migrant children, with particular reference to international covenants and EU law. Specific attention will be devoted to the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union as well as to the current challenges for the protection migrant children’s rights, such as the impact of Covid-19, climate change, human trafficking and smuggling. Importantly, all topics will be analysed in the light of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum and the EU strategy on the rights of the child. Participants will acquire a broad knowledge of the rights to family life of migrant children both for scientific research purposes and for their professional skills. Deadline for application: 15 June 202. More information are available here: https://www.santannapisa.it/it/formazione/summer-school-family-life-and-rights-migrant-children-european-union-jean-monnet-module

Pakistan inherited the British system of bureaucratic centrality after independence, which shaped and controlled the political, administrative and financial portfolios of newly emerged state. After assuming the power, Ayub Khan introduced the system of Basic Democracies with local councils under the headship of district bureaucracy. This paper is an effort to elaborate the role of bureaucracy in Basic Democracies System of 1959. Paper discusses the functions of local councils under the headship and assistance of bureaucratic officers. Local bodies are remarkable due to public participation in local governance. Democratically designated, piloted by local publics; answerable to their local populations. National and sub-national governments have no control over them. Local ruling classes are local establishment that symbolize the democratic idyllic at local level. Local representatives solve the problems of their communities on their behalf. Local governments are integral part of any political system, which constitute local institutions governed by local populace. Local governments are very important in terms of service delivery, public participation, policy designing, domestic law-making and good governance at local level. They are also crucial to depoliticize the local governance mechanisms and to approach the central and provincial institutions. Bureaucracy is hierarchical organization managing and monitoring the state business. A vibrant hierarchical pattern, specialism, division of work force and formal set of rules and regulations are important specifications of bureaucracy functioning in any part of the world. Bureaucracy establishes the administrative mechanism of local governments to deliver social services, design local policies and form rules and regulations. Apart from enactment and implementation of laws and conveyance of social services, bureaucracy also administers the developmental projects planned by elected representatives of autonomous local * This research paper is made possible with the generous funding of HEC under the " project Reforming Local self-government in Pakistan: Effective Bureaucratic model for district Governments "

The ‘gods’ are, by Christians in Western countries, often identified as being anything that distracts from one’s worship of the one true God. (Your TV, money, sport, car, whatever it is.) I question that interpretation. Instead, I suggest, to fail to worship one God, is to worship gods, which in turn is to contribute to the maiming, abuse and killing of children.

La obra reúne a una serie de destacadas y destacados expertos en el campo de los derechos humanos, la movilidad humana y la justicia, para precisar el alcance y dimensiones del derecho de niñas y niños en contextos de movilidad humana a acceder a la justicia. Los capítulos aquí reunidos no sólo dan cuenta de estándares de derechos humanos, sino también, precisan prácticas emergentes en este campo que puedan orientar una protección integral por parte de los Estados

Magdalini Alexandropoulou’s contribution Key issues in age assessment procedures of unaccompanied migrant children in Greece and Germany – Assessing age or children’s needs? investigates the main challenges and deficiencies in current procedures related to age assessment of unaccompanied migrant children. The analysis focuses on research within the context of Greece and Germany, offering a discussion of whether the procedures applied are actually in line with a child-centred approach. The author proposes a thesis that the predominant age assessment practice is based in Eurocentric attitudes and policies related to the concept of childhood. She goes on to imply that such an approach may be the cause of decisions made by many migrant children to bypass regular migration procedures in favour of less desirable alternatives.

The micro-credit movement started in Bangladesh with the concept that poor people had investment opportunities and necessary management capacity but could not avail these due to the lack of capital, which could be met by micro loans, and the funds can be generated from the poor themselves as their savings. This has worked well in Bangladesh, with a good management set-up and dedicated staff support, and the amount of savings generated initially was much lower than the credit supplied as a result of funds available from outside sources. Also there has not been any major failure or fraud that led to substantial loss of savings, even without any direct supervision of a regulator. 2.2 This was the dominant model. But increasingly the providers understood that it is that the poor need loans for other purposes as well, such as, for consumption smoothing, life cycle needs, housing, education, etc, and they should support them by excelling management and the provision for funds. The industry acknowledged that a borrower draws little distinction between income generating activity related cash flow on the one hand and all the various revenues or expenditures of a family on the other.

Children's health and wellbeing in Australia is adversely affected by increasing disadvantage, social exclusion, and vulnerability, with numerous studies confirming the need for an improved societal response to the needs of children and their families. This review highlights the issues facing Australian primary school aged children and their families, and it examines approaches for working with those from diverse backgrounds who have varying health needs. While there are considerable gaps in the literature, findings echo some of the preventative messages from early childhood studies which suggest that neighbourhoods and communities play a crucial role in promoting children's health, wellbeing, and social inclusion through the middle years. Research further suggests that practitioners should engage in a holistic approach to children’s health and welfare and offer support across multiple domains of development, giving attention to both cultural and contextual factors. This paper will conclude with some recommendations for future research and a discussion about the implications for practice.

Awareness of human resources existing within refugee communities is often lacking, and the way these
resources may be capitalised upon in assistance programmes
is little understood. Based on a recent study of refugee women and their families in Malawi, Alastair Ager argues that facilitating refugees ' networks of social support and thus enhancing
refugees' own means of coping is key to providing for vulnerable refugee children. This he terms 'recruiting indigenous resources'.

This book, the third and final volume in the Meaning of Pain series, describes what pain means to people with pain in “vulnerable” groups, and how meaning changes pain – and them – over time.

Immediate pain warns of harm or injury to the person with pain. If pain persists over time, more complex meanings can become interwoven with this primitive meaning of threat. These cognitive meanings include thoughts and anxiety about the adverse consequences of pain. Such meanings can nourish existential sufferings, which are more about the person than the pain, such as loss, loneliness, or despair.

Although chronic pain can affect anyone, there are some groups of people for whom particular clinical support and understanding is urgently needed. This applies to “vulnerable” or “special” groups of people, and to the question of what pain means to them. These groups include children, women, older adults, veterans, addicts, people with mental health problems, homeless people, or people in rural or indigenous communities. Several chapters in the book focus on the lived experience of pain in vulnerable adults, including black older adults in the US, rural Nigerians, US veterans, and adults with acquired brain injury. The question of what pain experience could mean in the defenceless fetus, neonate, pre-term baby, and child, is examined in depth across three contributions.

This book series aspires to create a vocabulary on the “meanings of pain” and a clinical framework with which to use it. It is hoped that the series stimulates self-reflection about the role of meaning in optimal pain management.

Meanings of Pain is intended for people with pain, family members or caregivers of people with pain, clinicians, researchers, advocates, and policy makers. Volume I was published in 2016; Volume II in 2019.

Infância Migrante (p. 128-146)
O presente artigo coloca em debate as diversas definições de "infãncia" e "migração" em vários momentos do desenvolvimento social das sociedades, para que possamos pensar em um possível conceito de "Infância Migrante".

Human rights violations have been among the worst events in human history in the name of scientific research as evidenced by the Nazi experiments during World War II. Sadly, errors in ethical and responsible conduct of research are not limited to the adult population but have affected the paediatric population alike. Henry Beecher’s landmark article “Ethics and Clinical Research” pointed out to the world, for the first time, the notorious Willowbrook State School case where how this highly vulnerable population was exploited to develop a vaccine against hepatitis by deliberately infecting children with hepatitis. Such hideous instances from the past, resulted in exclusion of children from the face of medical and healthcare research for a very long time, as per the Nuremberg Code which clearly states that research is permitted only with individuals who can “exercise free power of choice”, whereas, children by default, do not have this capacity.
However, the global research community does realize that children are also a highly vulnerable group because unless we conduct research in this group, we will not be able to offer children safe and effective care to prevent and treat conditions in children and promote their health and well being. Research involving children is vital to understanding the lives of children. Literature shows that applying findings of research done in adults to children is completely inappropriate simply because children are not small adults.
This paper will discuss the most common ethical issues concerning research in children by using a hypothetical case-based approach. Followed by proposition of some recommendations based on evidence-based literature on how to address the common ethical issues involving research with children to assure quality, robust and vigorous results to be used to improve and acquaint our practices and services to this vulnerable populace accordingly.

A  pandemia  do  Novo  Coronavírus obrigou  a  população  brasileira  a  ampliar  o papel da internet, que se tornou meio essencial, e muitas vezes o único, para  a realização de atividades cotidianas. Dentre elas, está o ensino de crianças entre 8 e 12 anos. O objetivo do presente  trabalho  é  analisar  os  mecanismos  propostos  pela  Lei  Geral  de  Proteção  de  Dados (LGPD)  para  proteger  os  dados  dos  menores  entre  8  e  12  anos,  diante  do  atual  cenário  de pandemia, que gerou a necessidade de um Ensino não presencial. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisabibliográfica fundada a partir de artigos, reportagens e legislações que indicam que a  LGPD  visou  o  melhor  interesse  do  menor  em  suas  disposições.  O  estudo  conduziu  à conclusão de que a LGPD levou em consideração a situação de vulnerabilidade das crianças, mas  deixou  de  dispor  sobre  como  seu  regramento  deve  ser  colocado  em  prática, principalmente no que diz respeito a garantir que o consentimento foi dado pelo responsável e não  pelo  menor  e  a  como  devem  ser  redigidos  Termos  de  Uso  e  Política  de  Privacidadeacessíveis.  Essas  omissões,  provavelmente,  serão  algumas  das  dificuldades  que  a  LGPD encontrará  em  sua  vigência,  mas  só  se  poderá  ter  certeza  sobre  tais  adversidades  no  futuro, após um tempo significativo da aplicação da lei.

My monthly newsletter is available on ISRAEL: Democracy, Human Rights, Politics and Society, http://almagor.blogspot.com
Politics – November 2021 In Memory of Eliahu Mazza (1935-2021)
Featuring

Reflections on Last Newsletter

Great News: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Public Policy Fellowship

MESG Programme 2021-2022

Israel Follows the USA

UNRWA Is on the Verge of Collapse

Israel-Morocco Defence Agreement

235 Bnei Menashe arrived in Israel

Good News: Israel and Jordan Cooperation Agreement

The Brute Reality of the Occupation

New Article: “Can Group Rights Justify the Denial of Education to Children? The Amish in the United States as a case study”, SN Social Sciences, 1: 164 (2021).

New Book: Kenneth Newton and Jan W. van Deth, Foundations of Comparative Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021).

Book Launches

Invitations

Do You Know who is Tesla?

Monthly Poem

Light Side

Audiovisual media expose adolescents to the vision of sexual contents on the Internet. Within public debate, online availability of material “likely to harm” or “seriously harming” children generates forms of moral panic. A major concern derives from sexual risks, such as pornography, sexting and child- pornography. At the European political-institutional level, the measures implemented are based on auto- regulatory, coregulatory and regulatory solutions. Among these initiatives, the most important ones have been the Safer Internet programme and two directives respectively focused on children protection with regards to Audiovisual Media Services (2010/13/UE) and on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography (2011/92/UE). Methodologically, the thesis analyzes 45 debates of the European Parliament which dealt with these issues between 2001 and 2016. This corpus has been examined through an original quali-quantitative protocol, with a content analysis and the Alceste method applied via the softwares ATLAS.ti and IRaMuTeQ. This work wishes to contribute to research on audiovisual media, online sexual contents, adolescents and children, by proposing an original point of view on European policy.
The main hypothesis has been that European parliamentary debates are limited in terms of representativeness of national cultures ; starting from this premise, several aspects have been surveyed, either juridical, scientific, ethical and political issues. The main results respectively refer to different elements : 1. the variety of political-juridical interpretations of some concepts and the definitions of a few terms, besides the study of
some juridical principles involved ; 2. the descriptions of online audiovisual sexual risks and the difficulties of European policy retrieved within parliamentary debates ; 3. the limits of European scientific knowledge in
terms of representativeness of national culture, through the analysis of mentioned statistical data and studies ; 4. the multiplicity of ethical considerations, even based on different national cultures ; 5. the choice to favor self-regulatory measures.

The purpose of this research study was to examine the overall well-being of orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) in Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya. Ten domains of OVC well-being were examined in the study: Food and The study sample comprised of 215 orphaned and vulnerable children. Data was collected using the OVC Well-being tool. Means and Standard deviations, T-tests of the ten domains were computed using SPSS software. The evaluation of the overall children's well-being yielded the following scores: Desirable (67.9%), Average (19.5 %), Below Average (11.2 %) and Undesirable (1.4 %). Spirituality, Shelter, Mental Health and Protection domains ranked at the top while Economic, Food and Nutrition, Community Care, and Family domains ranked the lowest. Overall this findings show favorable developmental outcomes for OVC. Children's well-being was enhanced because their basic needs were met in the short-term. The developmental outcomes of OVC will be more boosted by long-term and sustainable efforts.

Providing "safe spaces" for education and care in refugee camps is seen as a major task of humanitarian aid organizations and architects. The article looks at some discursive strategies by which specific notions of "safety" are being applied onto sites where the designation of a "safe space" often entails hazardous overexposure of vulnerable groups such as young children. How do violent attacks on educational facilities in areas of conflict and displacement in the "Global South" relate to the physical and psychic violence (and the measures deployed to prevent it) in schools and universities of the "Global North"?

APFEL - "Acting for the Promotion of Foster Care at the European Level"

APFEL’S mission is to build bridges between countries, between cultures and languages and between

research and practice, in order to improve the quality of foster care for children  in Europe. The

organization  does this through cooperation, bringing together and evaluating  innovative practices and  by 

exploring  the implementation of international guidelines, while respecting different cultures, and the

rights of  children and  families.

In the field of foster care the work on Children’s Rights underlines the influence, of the Convention on the

Rights of the Child (UNCRC), with each European country  establishing  a new understanding  of childhood

and child care. Within APFEL, in particular, there has been ongoing work on two issues from a children’s

rights perspective which are important in foster care,: plural parenting on the one hand and listening to the

voice of the child on the other.

The day in Milan (November 12) will therefore be dedicated to the theme "Two families around a child:

foster care and plural parenting”  with presentation by Vincenzo Spadafora, Klaus Wolf, Paola Milani,

Liviana Marelli, Silvio Premoli, Milena Santerini, Raffaele Tangorra, Nathalie Chapon, Daniel Coum, Roberto

Maurizio, Madleine Tearse, Nuria Fuentes Pelaez, Peter Van den Bergh, Francesca Nilges, Vincent Ramon.

The day in Bergamo (November 13) will be devoted to the theme "Listen to and promote the voices of

children” with presentations  by Ivo Lizzola, Robert Theisen, Paride Braibanti, Valerio Belotti, Bep Van

Sloten, Nathalie Chapon, Adriana Lorenzi, Christian Dehaspe, Pascale Staquet, Frederique Lucet, Silvio

Premoli.

Simultaneous translations (italian, english, french) will be available during plenary sessions.

Complete program and registrations on http://apfel2015.wix.com/apfel2015
Web site in English coming soon

O presente artigo tratará de alguns dos atuais equacionamentos e efeitos da chamada Justiça Restaurativa (JR) em crianças e jovens. Em primeiro lugar, questiona-se como opera a seletividade do sistema penal no contínuo produzido pela JR, que articula a prevenção de conflitos e novas penalizações, transitando entre Varas da Infância e da Juventude, escolas, bairros e comunidades em prol da construção de ambientes seguros. Em segundo lugar, o artigo se concentra nas diretrizes da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) sobre a JR no Brasil. Uma vez que a abordagem do desenvolvimento humano da ONU estabelece que os investimentos em capital humano devem ser aplicados desde a infância, também por meio da promoção de resiliência e do combate às chamadas vulnerabilidades – conceitos-chave para a metodologia restaurativa conforme formulada pela ONU –, problematiza-se em que medida este formato de JR apresenta-se em consonância com a racionalidade neoliberal assentada em uma abordagem securitári...

In this paper, we introduce and discuss an approach that will be used to secure the DSDV routing protocol in an ad-hoc network. Due to mobility and absence of infrastructure, nodes are more vulnerable to several malicious attacks. The secure routing is essential to transmit packets from source to the destination. Our approach consists to model and manage fidelity concept in an ad-hoc clustering architecture. Clustering makes it possible to group the mobile nodes and to send data simultaneously to the each group. Our security model thus aims to integrate mechanisms against black hole attacks, forcing cooperation between nodes and detecting failing behaviors. The nodes present in the clusters will work more efficiently and the message passing within the nodes will also get more authenticated from the cluster heads. The simulation of our proposed algorithm is carried out using NS2 network simulator by evaluating some network performances such as average delay, throughput of communication and packets loss.