Population Development

This article assesses the efficacy of the strategy of immigration control implemented by the US government since 1993 in reducing illegal entry attempts, and documents some of the unintended consequences of this strategy, especially a sharp increase in mortality among unauthorized migrants along certain segments of the Mexico–US border. The available data suggest that the current strategy of border enforcement has resulted in rechanneling flows of unauthorized migrants to more hazardous areas, raising fees charged by people-smugglers, and discouraging unauthorized migrants already in the US from returning to their places of origin. However, there is no evidence that the strategy is deterring or preventing significant numbers of new illegal entries, particularly given the absence of a serious effort to curtail employment of unauthorized migrants through worksite enforcement. An expanded temporary worker program, selective legalization of unauthorized Mexican workers residing in the United States, and other proposals under consideration by the US and Mexican governments are unlikely to reduce migrant deaths resulting from the current strategy of border enforcement.

The issue of remarriages is one of the important aspects of the demographic development of pre-modern societies, to which, however, Czech historiography devotes relatively little attention. The study compares the situation in two socially and economically different South Bohemian parishes at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. On the example of the regional metropolis of České Budějovice, the surrounding villages and the purely rural areas around Nový Rychnov, the study tries to contribute to the clarification of some aspects of palingam marriages at the turn of the old and the new demographic regime, with the help of quantitative analysis of registers of marriages. It focuses primarily on the frequency of second marriages and the age of widowed fiancés and their counterparts.

Many studies have sought to gauge the impact of population growth on economic growth. A well-known stylized fact of this literature is that the estimated effects of population growth measures on economic growth are not robust, varying between being positive, negative, and insignificantly different from zero. The present study analyzes 471 statistical regressions from 29 prominent economic growth studies using meta-regression analysis to identify the effect of alternative methodologies on key population growth results. This study finds that a broad set of methodological factors explains more than half of the variation in the population growth effects observed from this literature, including the types of variables used to measure population growth, the countries selected, the time frame of the analysis, and the nature of the control variables specified. The study also yields results that have implications for policymakers, especially insofar as several policy factors seem to influence the population change–economic growth nexus. Particularly strong is the evidence in support of the increasingly adverse effects of population growth in the post-1980 period, suggesting that demographic issues should warrant greater attention than they currently receive from the policymaking community.

Resumen El primer capítulo ofrece un breve análisis diacrónico de la producción de dinero local en México, tanto dentro del marco de la economía solidaria como fuera de ella, que a su vez incluye una breve exposición del surgimiento de este fenómeno en otras partes del mundo. En el capítulo II se encuentra una historia de la propuesta del túmin, la cual abarca desde sus antecedentes hasta lo que fue la quinta asamblea abierta del túmin en el municipio de Papantla a principios de febrero de 2013. En el capítulo III se resumen los aspectos que involucran el ejercicio del túmin como experimento dentro de la economía solidaria en México, y se incluyen algunas de las diferencias entre el túmin y la moneda convencional. En el cuarto apartado se desarrolla una exposición de las motivaciones e intereses de los participantes. Asimismo, se diseño un conjunto de categorías las cuales van desde la participación social hasta la económica dentro del proyecto. Algunas de las condiciones internas y externas del túmin como ejercicio de economía solidaria en México son el objeto de estudio del capítulo V y, finalmente, en el capítulo VI se plantean los aprendizajes en cuanto a la produccion de dinero local obtenidos a partir de este trabajo. El Túmin Un Experimento de Dinero Local en México He first chapter offers a brief analysis diachronic of the production of money local in Mexico, both within the frame of the economy solidarity as out of she, that to his time includes a brief exhibition of the emergence of this phenomenon in other parts of the world. In chapter II is a history of the proposal of the Thummim, which ranges from their backgrounds to what was the fifth open Assembly of the Thummim in the municipality of Papantla in early February 2013. Chapter III summarizes the aspects involving the exercise of the Thummim as an experiment within the solidarity economy in Mexico, and are some of the differences between the conventional currency and the Thummim. In the fourth paragraph is develops an exhibition of them motivations and interests of those participating. Also, design a set of categories which range from social participation to the economic part of the project. Some of the internal and external conditions of the Thummim as exercise of solidarity economy in Mexico are the object of study of chapter V and, finally, in chapter VI raised learning regarding the production of local money obtained from this work.

This essay, written ten years after the first human death from avian influenza, reviews scientific, social, and policy aspects of pandemic influenza, and asks whether the near-crisis level of concern is justified. That there will be another influenza pandemic is certain, and a number of factors suggest it will occur sooner rather than later. It is impossible, however, to predict