Nozzle

Water energy which is very good to be used as a source of electrical energy in underdeveloped areas has not been reached by electricity. The purpose of this research is to utilize water energy for the generation of electrical energy is to choose a four nozzle cross flow water turbine. The method used is to test a Cross Flow turbine with four nozzles as a micro-scale hydroelectric power generator. The results showed that a cross flow turbine with four nozzles is very good as a permanent magnet Direct Current generator that can work at a flow that is not too high. At a water discharge of 4.2x 10-3 m 3 /s and an outer diameter of 200 mm cross flow turbine with 24 blades, it can produce Cross Flow Turbine power with four nozzles is 3.251 Watt and generator power is 1.528 Watt.

A rocket engine nozzle is the main component of the rocket propulsion system. To produce thrust Ramjets, Scramjets and rockets all use nozzles to accelerate hot exhaust. Primary design difficulties arise with the nozzle used in a rocket with a wide Mach number capability. This work centers on the modeling of a convergent-divergent nozzle for compressible flow using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD, a vital branch of fluid dynamics to solve and analysis different fluid flows by using numerical methods and algorithms. Boundary conditions are required to measure the interaction of the fluid with the surfaces. A bell nozzle contour has developed in MATLAB and analyzed it for different thermodynamic parameters. Density and temperature variations often perform a significant role in compressible flow. Hence, by varying the nozzle length this study provides additional information on Mach number behavior, shock location, and pressure distribution. The simulation was performed in ANSYS and both the k-turbulence modeling method was used to compare the results.

To design a disc type cam operated injector nozzle to improve the ignition characteristic of fuel. This project include the injector nozzle disc with holes for spray and cam mechanism for needle operation. Nozzle needle will be operated by camshaft instead of fuel pressure as operated in conventional fuel injection system. Disc will be placed at the tip instead of multi hole. Disc consist number of holes in specific pattern. Disc will be rotated to obtain the swirl flow & fuel will be injected in such a way that it will be completely mixed with the air to form a uniform mixture. By this swirl flow and wide spray injection the fuel will be properly mixes with air and desired output can be obtained. By this project it is assumed that ignition characteristics will be improved increase in efficiency increase in power and reduction in pollution.

The paper reviews the journalism available related to railway track cleaning and track crack detection machines. The usual cleaning and crack detection process of the tracks is manual, which is hectic and far from the desired level of cleanliness and safety from train accidents. Due to this reason, human workforce is required which consumes a lot of time and most of the labours risk their health to clean the tracks. Also, existing machines are bulky and require frequent maintenance. This paper discusses the various systems to overcome the above problems.

Now a days automatic painting machine industry is growing industry. Automatic Painting machines are very expensive and also very big in size. Small & medium level industries cannot purchase these machines. So, there is a need to make a painting machine for small and medium level industries. In these projects, 'Design of Semi-Automatic Painting Machine for Flat Doors and Sheets. 'Design is based on lead screw mechanism which is coupled with motor. When lead screw will rotate, movable guide on lead screw moves linearly and nozzle on guide will spray paint according to given path. Using this mechanism flat surfaces like sheets, doors and cement walls can be painted. ANSYS will give force analysis on parts of machine. Motors will be used to rotate helical lead screw rod. This system will result in painting of many flat surfaces.

The Electrostatic Precipitator’s (ESP’s) are widely used for controlling particulate emissions from boilers and industrial process sources. The Electrostatic precipitation consists of three fundamental steps: (1) particle charging, (2) particle collection, and (3) removal of the collected dust. Electrostatic Precipitator is the device used for controlling air pollution. Process gases contain suspended dust particles. These dust particles are collected on collecting electrodes. The effectiveness of Electrostatic Precipitators is affected by various fact like gas flow condition, electric field generation and geometric parameters. The industrial ESP are capable of handling large gas volumes with a wide range of inlet temperatures, pressures, dust volumes and gas conditions and exhibit complex interaction mechanism between electric field, fluid flow and particulate flows. Flow pattern of electrostatic precipitator and effect of different boundary conditions on flow pattern has been studied by using Ansys fluent. So that the flow distribution should be improved and it should meet ICAC (Institute of Clean Air Companies) guidelines. This paper presents the Ansys Fluent (CFD) concept for modeling and analysis of Electro static precipitator. Experimental testing is done for validation. The result of CFD concept and physical measurement are discussed.

John R. Lacey TransLang Technologies Ltd. Calgary A new technology based on the adiabatic cooling of swirling gas fl ow in a supersonic nozzle is effective in separating and processing natural gas components. A pilot test facility in Alberta, Canada, has shown that the 3-S separation device uses 10-20% less compressor power than plants that use a JouleThomson valve or turboexpander, based on the same extraction level. Potential applications for 3-S separators in gas processing plants include: • Gas preparation for transportation. • LPG extraction, shallow cut, and deep cut. • Offshore gas separation and treatment facilities. • CO 2 extraction, ethane recovery, and LNG applications. 3-S separators provide a cost-effective and highly effi cient extraction process for C 3 + gas components combined with a potential reduction in energy consumption.

This paper investigates through experiment, the effect of head and bucket splitter angle on the power output of a pelton turbine (water turbine), to improve the power generation by the use of efficient Hydro-electric power generation systems. Experiments were conducted on pelton turbine head conditions, high head and low flow with increased pressure delivered more energy on the bucket splitter which then generates a force in driving the wheel compared to the result obtained from low head and high flow operating conditions. The power output was maximum at 23 o splitter angle followed by 21 o , 15 o , 10 o and 3 o using varied turbine speed (1700, 1400, 1200 and 1000rpm). The force generated by the bucket due to the splitter was increased as the turbine speed was increasing. The force generated by the bucket was increased (0 to 0.38N) due to the energy delivered to the wheel by the head, the turbine output increases from (0 to 7.47kW) which influences the output. This increase in the ...

The development of the metallurgical industry in the material sector has made significant progress. FDM 3D Printer is a revolutionary technology in Additive Manufacturing (AM). Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and compostable polymer formed from the condensation of lactic acid. This study uses a Nozzle Temperature variation of 210⁰C, 220⁰C, and 230⁰C where shrinkage measurements will be carried out on the test object then Tensile testing, Flexural test, and macrostructural analysis will be carried out to determine the effect of Nozzle Temperature on the test. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the shrinkage produced by 3D Print specimens for Tensile Tests and Flexural Tests at Nozzle Temperature 230⁰C was very high, namely 2.83% and 4.33%, respectively. Nozzle Temperature at 230⁰C produces a fairly high σUTS and σFS of 39.60±2.60 MPa and 49.02±0.76 MPa, respectively. In macrostructural analysis, the Nozzle Temperature porosity at 230⁰C produces the smallest...

The abrasive waterjet nozzle is one of the most critical parts that influences the technical and economical performance of an abrasive waterjet system. In order to control the uniformity of cutting results in milling and cutting, it is necessary to devise a sensing system that can sense on-line the nozzle wear. This paper presents an on-line technique for monitoring the nozzle wear which is based on monitoring the acoustic signals generated by the abrasive waterjet. The autoregressive moving average (ARMA) spectra are used to estimate the nozzle wear. It has been shown that the ARMA spectra can reveal more features of the nozzle wear than the conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. It was found that the amplitude of the spectra and the frequency of the spectra peaks of ARMA models have a high sensitivity to a small variation of the nozzle exit geometry. A method based on on-line acoustic signals is proposed for identification of the nozzle inside diameter.

A water model has been applied to investigate initial bubble behavior using specially-coated samples of porous MgO refractory to simulate the high-contact angle of steel-argon refractory systems with different permeabilities. Air is injected through the porous refractory and travels through many inter-connected pores to exit the surface through “active sites”. An active site is a pore where bubbles exit from the surface of the porous refractory. The effect of refractory properties has been investigated in both stagnant and downward-flowing water. The number of active sites increases with increasing gas injection flow rate, permeability, and velocity of the downward-flowing water, and lower contact angle.