IJIRST - International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology

In a digital circuit theory combinational logic is a type of the digital logic implemented by Boolean circuits where the output is dependent of pure present input. A Carry save adder is one of the type of the digital adder that is used in the computer micro architecture to compute the sum of the three or more n-bit binary numbers in binary. It differs from other digital adders in that it outputs two numbers of the same dimension as the inputs one which is a sequence of partial sum bits and another which is a sequence of partial sum bits and another which is a sequence of carry bits. It has few advantages such as it produces all of its outputs in parallel resulting in the same delay as full adder. It has very little propagation delay when implemented. Carry Save adder plus ripple adder is equals to n+1. Two ripple carry adders is equals to 2n. It allows for high clock speeds. Though it is some advantages it also has some disadvantages such as we do not know whether the result is positive a negative. While performing modular multiplication. The behaviour of the efficient Carry Save Adder is designed using tanner eda tools which was useful and the currently existing carry skip adder is designed using xilnx software and lastly the layout for this research is designed with the help of multisim. With help of this research many newly created circuits can designed much smaller.

Nowadays two-wheeler is the most popular modes of transport. However, because of less protection there is a high risk involved. As a solution to this, it is highly desirable for bike-riders to use helmet. Observing the usefulness of helmet, Governments have made it punishable offense to ride a bike without helmet and have adopted manual strategies to catch the violators which has limitations of speed. Using video surveillance of the street, the proposed approach detects if the bike rider is wearing a helmet automatically without manual help. If a bike rider is detected not wearing a helmet, the number plate of the vehicle read and noted. A database will be generated with records to identify every offender accurately. The system implements pure machine learning in order to identify every type of helmet that it comes across with minimum computation cost.

A research study entitled, " Impact of Select Government Policies towards MSMEs: Evidence from Odisha and Andhra Pradesh " was undertaken by the researcher with the objective of measuring the impact of selected Government policies on the financials of MSMEs, the quality of their product and the overall enterprise development. An attempt is made to understand the varying perceptions of the policy makers, the policy implementers and the policy beneficiaries (MSMEs) which indeed gives rise to the gaps that make the policies ineffective. The researcher adopts a case study type research method. The research process includes a mixed methodology. It involves both quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of primary data as well as the large pool of secondary data. As part of the above research study, the existing literature has been reviewed. The literature thus reviewed constitutes the content of the current paper.

The connecting rod is an intermediate member between the piston and the Crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston in rotary motion of the crank. This thesis describe designing and analysis of connecting rod. Currently existing connecting rod is manufactured by using steel. In this drawing is drafted from the calculation. A parametric model of connecting rod is modeled using solidwork 2016software and to that model, analysis is carried out by using ANSYS 15.0 software. Finite element analysis of connecting rod is done by considering the materials, viz... forged steel. The best combination of parameters like Von misses stress and strain, Deformation, Factor of safety and weight reduction for two wheeler piston were done in ANSYS software. Forged steel has more factor of safety, reduce the weight, increase the stiffness and reduce the stress and stiffer than other material like carbon steel. With fatigue analysis we can determine the lifetime of connecting rod. NOMENCLATURE A = cross section area of the connecting rod. L=length of connecting rod. C =compressive yield stress. Wcr =crippling or buckling load. crippling or buckling load. Ixx = moment of inertia of section about x-axis. Iyy =moment of inertia of section about y-axis. Kxx = radius of gyration of section about x-axis. Kyy = radius of gyration of the section about y-axis. D = Diameter of piston. r = Radius of crank.

India, with vast agricultural lands has different crops ranging from paddy to tomato. But few crops are destroyed due to animal menace and hence a protection is required to save the crops from animal. For this project, an attempt is made to save these crops from such menaces by using solar fencing. In this, a triple lift additional circuit is used instead of transformer and rectifier bridge to produce high voltage with low current in order to safeguard the animals to a larger extent so that they experiences high voltage but low current shock for a very short time there by saving their life.

Due to the urgency in the need for standards for heterogeneous computer networks, International Standard Organization (ISO) created a new subcommittee for " Open System Interconnection " (ISO/TC97/SC16) in 1977. The first priority of subcommittee 16 was to develop architecture for Open System Interconnection which could serve as a frame work for the definition of standard protocols. As a result 18 months of studies and discussions, SC16 adopted a layered architecture comprising seven layers (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application). In july 1979 the specifications of this architecture, established by SC16, were passed under the name of " OSI Reference Model " to Technical committee 97 " Data processing " along with recommendations to start officially, on this basis a set of protocols standardizations to start projects to cover the most urgent needs. These recommendations were adopted by TC97 at the end of 1979 as the basis for the following development of standards for Open System Interconnection within ISO. The OSI Reference Model was also recognized by International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) Rapporteur's Group on " Layered Model for Public Data Network Services ". This paper explains the OSI Reference Model, which comprises of seven different layers. Each layer having their own responsibilities.

Normally the Concrete filled columns without shear connectors, under major loads they undergo buckling phenomena, in order to overcome this phenomena, Concrete Filled Steel Tube (CFST) columns were taken in to an account because of its greater strength and malleability recital contributed by the composite action. At early elastic stage this composite action cannot be absolutely developed as the expansion of steel was quite more than that of concrete. This in turn, creates deficient interface bonding between the composites. Thus, it cut down the elastic stiffness and strength of the CFST columns. To overcome this lacuna in the initial elastic stage, provision of shear connectors was carried out to reduce the lateral dilation of the concrete core and steel. In this experimental work, CFST columns of assorted proportions, with shear connectors were tested for axial compression. A mix design for M40 grade of concrete was adopted, in order to increase the workability of concrete a High Range Water Reducing Admixture (HRWRA) was used in the mixes which showed better compressive strength. High strength bolt (8.8) with smooth shank was used as shear connectors. CFST columns give an L/d (length to diameter) ratio of 2 to prevent local buckling. A chemical admixture, the spacing of the shear connectors in the shear direction is 5d, and in the transverse direction is 2.5d.

Risk Management comprises of identification of risk, quantitative or qualitative assessment of risk, selecting the most suitable method for handling risk then proper monitoring and documentation of risk. The risk may occur due to various technical, social and political reasons. Therefore an effective system to assess and manage the risk in construction companies is a challenging task for a civil engineer. In this paper various risk factors are identified and a survey is taken among the persons present at the construction site of different companies. Some risk management policies are suggested to overcome the spotted issues and provide a risk free environment.

The heat released from the flat surface is cooled by the use of jet impingement technique. The heat flux from the isothermally heated flat surface due to two-dimensional turbulent twin oblique confined slot-jet impingement is studied numerically using the ANSYS FLUENT software. Initially the flow and thermal fields for a normal confined slot-jet impingement are investigated using the RNG k-ε model and the SST k-ω model. The local Nusselt number distribution predicted by the SST k-ω model agrees notably better with the existing experimental data. Subsequently, the SST k-ω is employed to study the twin oblique impinging jet heat transfer problem. The study is conducted by varying the jet exit Reynold number, the jet to jet separation distance, jet-exit to target plate distance and the inclination angle of the jet to the impingement. Results indicate that impingement angle is reduced from 90o, the peak Nusselt number at the impingement surface is gradually reduced and its location slightly shifts away from the axis with slight decrease of the average Nusselt number for any combination of Re, L, H. The average Nusselt number is a direct function of the Reynold number and the impingement angle and is inverse function of the jet to target plate separation distance.

There has been a constant search for new materials for high temperature applications, such as for parts of steam generators, parts of thermal power plants, piping of liquid metal reactors, which are likely to be exposed to temperature 5500c and above. Good strength and ductility values possessed by special steels make them the first choice of designers for applications mentioned. Modified 9Cr-1Mo steel has been in use for such applications since a decade. For any given material, along with the mechanical properties, there is a need to determine the creep property if the material is the choice for high temperature service applications. Further, as it has been experienced that the welds are likely zones of failure, under extreme conditions of load and temperature, probing the creep property of the welded joints of a given material becomes an important aspect of research.Hence it is proposed to probe into the creep resistance aspect of the welded joints of 9Cr-1Mo steel under different conditions of load and temperature. It is also proposed to age the samples of 9Cr-1Mo steel under different conditions so that variation of creep properties in both the parent and the weld metal can be studied adopting the indentation creep test methodology. Experiments will be designed to extract all possible information regarding structural disintegration of the material. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy is planned to be adopted to observe micro-structural changes and correlation will be attempted to link them to observed creep behaviour.

This project presents the idea of using programmable logic controller (PLC) in industrial automation. The use of PLC is a major factor. A digital computer used for automation of typical industrial electro-mechanical processes such as control of Machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides or light fixtures. The PLC is the main controlling unit & dc motor controls the conveyor belt. To accomplish this system, Dc motor, load cell, Photo-sensors are used.

The removal of zinc from aqueous solution by adsorption on Ulva lobata sp. was studied as a function of contact time, pH of the solution, metal ion concentration, adsorbent concentration and adsorbent size. Batch experiments results showed that the adsorptive capacity of Ulva lobata sp. was 13.8 mg/g of adsorbent. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium of zinc on Ulva lobata sp. and the adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm. The Langmuir and Freundlich constants for adsorption of zinc on Ulva lobata sp. were determined. The pseudo first and second order rate expressions were used to correlate the experimental data. The kinetic constants were determined for both the models and the second order rate expression was found to be more suitable.

This Paper reviews and discusses the most important non-linear load-pull techniques used in the design of the power amplifiers. It discusses and elaborates on the proper change in the load-pull configuration required in order to make them optimally useful for an on-wafer device characterization. Finally, the distinct case studies for a device characterization and the Power Amplifier design that utilizes a load-pull system is reported. In this paper, an overview of an actual state of the art in the load-pull techniques along with the emerging trends is presented. In section II, overview of basics load-pull technique for amplifier design is discussed. Section III presents a detailed discussion on the realization of load-pull techniques and their application domain. Section IV discusses common load-pull techniques and Section-V provides PA design case using load pull technique.

The paper presents an application of data mining for improving the accuracy of prediction of a disease state by selecting the most relevant features associated with it. The experiments are performed on chronic kidney disease (CKD) data. The basic idea in this study is that use of a number of methods instead of a single one increases the probability of selecting features which are more closely related to the disease. Multiple feature selection methods have been applied independently on the CKD data set and the results integrated into a final optimal set of features. These data have been applied to the classifiers to identify CKD from reference cases. Various classification methods are compared to select the best model over 10-fold cross-validation in the training data set. Random Forest classifier is chosen as the best model with superior performance.

As we are surrounded by variety of post-PC devices, the traditional methods for identifying and authenticating users have become time-consuming. We present a system that will provide a capacitive communication method through while a product can identify who is interacting with it. This method exploits the capacitive touchscreens, which are now reached-down in laptops, mobile, and tablets, more as a signal receiver. The signal that identifies the user can be generated by a small transmitter placed into a ring, watch, or other artifact carried on or into the human body.

Due to migration of data from local storage to cloud number of Wi-Fi users are increased. On wireless network numbers of users get increased and the speed get reduced uniformly. As per IEEE 802.11n Wi Fi provide us speed up to 150-160 Mbps. It is still deficient to accommodate desired no of users. To remedy this restriction, we are presenting the idea of Li-Fi. As per German scientist Harald Haas-Transmitting data through a light-emitting diode light bulb that varies in intensity quicker than the human eyes can follow it. Haas says his discovery, which is called as D-LIGHT, able to make data rates quicker than 10 Mbps, which is speedier than the placed for typical broadband. As we know twentieth century is an epoch of internet. Where so many communications take place over the internet. Wi-Fi is most ordinarily used in the present century for establishing connection with the internet. In Wi Fi the speed of data transferring and the amount of users can use, are restricted. Our project is about visible light is a high speed, duplex and absolutely networked sections of communication. Where light comes in use as a medium for sending the messages. As we know the speed of the light is approximately 3x108 m/s which is going to act as a medium that will offer the incredible speed for data transmissions. Not only speed however also the protection in a closed surroundings will increase with the use of Li-Fi. Our project aims at ascertaining the use of Li-Fi also branded as Optical wireless communication.

This paper present a application for enhancing security in internet banking .This paper mainly consists of image morphing, steganography and compression for security purpose. This proposal provides OTP security using image processing .The idea is to encrypt the OTP behind cover image. It includes theoretical analysis of image Steganography, compression and morphing.

This project presents the idea of using Rheostat (Variable resistance) for auto weighing control system for automation industry. Auto weighing control system is used for assuring the quantity of liquid filled in the bottles to be exactly as per standard reference. The progressive invention in auto weighing system is becoming an important task especially because of rising demand of products and declining labour availability in industry. In industry the production speed should be high because demand of the product is more. But when we check the weight of the object manually then it will take more time for checking the weight and overall speed of the production will decrease. Hence the purpose of this project is to increase the speed of production and efficiency.

The performance of heat exchangers, for single-phase flows in particular, can be improved by many active and passive augmentation techniques. One such passive augmentation technique used for analysis this paper is vortex generation with the help of twisted tapes. An experimental analysis is carried out on a plain tube and tube with twisted tape under different mass flow rates and heat flux. A tube of 48mm diameter and 400mm length was taken for the experiment and a twisted tape of twist ratio yw=9.09 and thickness 2mm with 400mm length was inserted in the tube. Air supplied through the tube was heated up by the band heater. Temperatures of the air at different sections were recorded with the help of thermocouples. These experimental results are then compared with the numerical model for validation. A parametric study is carried out of different twist ratios of twisted tapes on temperature distribution of air at different section of the tube along its length. Three different twist ratios were considered 9.09, 6.05 and 3.64. Among these it was found that the twisted tapes with 3.64 gave an improved heat transfer as compared to other two twist ratios as well as the plain tube.

This paper presents Shopping Trolley with billing system along with Wi-Fi connectivity. The idea is to detect the barcode on the product, display the name of the product on the screen, and providing a Bill receipt. The purpose of the study is to reduce the time of the customer at the billing counter. Another aspect of the project deals to send the details at the billing counter using Wi-Fi and thus manage the quantity of the products in the inventory. Arduino Uno R3 is used to interface the multiport USB hub to interface barcode scanner, printer and display.

Hybrid Torque Bicycle work on the concept of KERS which is a collection of parts which takes some of the kinetic energy of a vehicle under deceleration, stores this energy and then releases this stored energy back into the drive train of the vehicle, providing a power boost to that vehicle. For the driver, it is like having two power sources at his disposal, one of the power sources is the engine while the other is the stored kinetic energy which justifies the concept of hybrid power source from flywheel Keywords: KERS (kinetic energy recovery system), etc _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Security is a main concern now a day. A spontaneous network is a special kind of ad-hoc network; Ad-hoc wireless network is an infrastructure less network that is there is no central coordination for network operations. As and when a new node comes in the region of the network it will spontaneously form the network. Security is a major concern while designing and developing spontaneous ad-hoc network in mobile devices. Spontaneous ad hoc networks require well defined, energy efficient and user-friendly security mechanisms. This method presents data transmission using a secure protocol for spontaneous wireless ad-hoc network which uses an hybrid symmetric or asymmetric scheme and the trust between the users in order to exchange initial data and to exchange the secret keys that is used to encrypt the data. In spontaneous wireless ad hoc network creation there is no need of any infrastructure no need of any administrator for handling the services. No need of any external base for handling functionalities of network. This protocol is a completely self-configured secure protocol that is able to create a network and share services without any central infrastructure. Network creation stages, protocol messages, and network management are explained. This protocol allows sharing of resources among users in a secure environment. In human communication model any two people that are physically close to each other can communicate with each other without any central server, anybody those who want to communicate can come join, communicate and leave the network without central server. In spontaneous network there is no server or any central infrastructure between nodes to communicate, anybody want to communicate can come join and leave the network without central infrastructure. A user can create its own resources or it can request from its neighbour user, because it allows resource sharing.

Remote procedure call (RPC) systems have been proven to be a practical basis for building distributed applications. The RPC technique abstracts a typical communication pattern to an ordinary procedure call. Compared with an ordinary procedure call, however, the conventional RPC technique has one evident restriction; pointers (addresses) cannot be passed to remote procedures without the explicit and nontrivial programming effort. This paper presents VMRPC, a lightweight RPC framework specifically designed for VMs that leverages the heap and stack sharing mechanism to circumvent unnecessary data copy and serialization/deserialization. Our evaluation shows that the performance of VMRPC is an order of magnitude better than traditional RPC systems and existing alternative inter-domain communication optimization systems.

This paper is aimed at developing College Automation System which will manage the working of college management activity using single platform. This system has easy interface and powerful data management. We have used bootstrap which increases the responsiveness of the system. The main objective of this system is to reduce the paperwork and manual processing.

Plain concrete has a very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistant to cracking. Internal micro cracks are present in the concrete and its poor tensile strength is due to the propagation of such micro cracks, leading to brittle fracture of the concrete. In the past attempts have been made to improve the tensile properties of concrete by way of using reinforced steel bars and also by applying restraining techniques. Although both the two methods provide tensile strength to the concrete members but do not increase the tensile strength of the concrete. Then Steel fibres are used to increase the tensile strength of concrete. The cracks present in the concrete will be controlled by adding coir fibres to the concrete.The study aims to evaluate the properties of concrete using steel and coir fibres. This project presents adding steel and coir fibres to the percentage of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% to the weight of the concrete. Physical and chemical properties of steel and coir fibres have been studied. A concrete mix has been designed to achieve the grade of M30 as required by IS 10262-2009.The investigation contains two phases. The phase one contains to study and determine the properties of the material. In the phase two contains to determine the Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Flexural Strength of the concrete at 7, 14 and 28 days by adding steel and coir fibres to the percentage of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% to the weight of the concrete.

A flexural response of functionally graded material (FGM) plates is carried out using multi quadric radial based functional based meshless method. The governing equations are based on the higher order shear deformation theory are obtained using energy principle. A RBF based meshless code in MATLAB 2013 is developed to find out the results. In present paper, the effects of significant parameters, such as gradation index, span to thickness ratio is obtained at transverse point load. The present paper mainly focuses on the analysis of FGM plates under point load.

The Indian temple architecture depicts clearly their evolution, following the original ancient models, which were derived from religious consideration and this practice is further being followed, since many centuries. These temples are actually, the place of transcendence where man crosses over from world of illusion, to the world of truth. The main style of Hindu temple architecture in India had its modest beginning precisely from the Mauryan rule i.e 3rd century BC. The Indian Silpasastras recognize mainly three categories of the temple style, the Nagara, Dravida and Vesara, but there was also another style very prominent, known as the Kalinga style, which is very distinguished all over the world for their unique characteristics, that existed between 6th century A.D to 16th century A.D in Odisha. The aim of the paper is to describe the Kalinga style of architecture and the basic characteristics of the temples of this style, eventually concluding with interpretation of the plan forms of the temples, to be following a scientific and methodical path of evolution.

According to statistics " road to safety " , in a highly populated country like India, the usage of vehicles are rapidly increasing and at the same time people lose their lives because of accidents and poor emergency facilities. Hence, the value of human life is ignored. These lives could have been saved if medical facilities were provided at the right time. This paper proposes a system which can be installed in any car on the road at a minimal cost, acting as a solution to the mentioned drawback. An accelerometer sensor is used to sense the vibrations and tilt generated by the vehicle when it meets with an accident. This digital output from the sensor is used by the Arduino Uno controller, which is the heart of the system, to trigger the GSM module to deliver an SMS to preprogramed numbers such as ambulance, police station, family member of the victim etc. indicating that an accident has occurred. The accident location is provided by the global positioning system (GPS), which provides the latitude and longitude of the location, and with this information a link is sent in the SMS depicting the accident spot via Google map service provider.

According to the energy balance of the combustion engine, efficiency of internal combustion engine is around 30%, remaining energy is wasted as exhaust gas, which has a high percentage of loss 40%, and rest are wasted in lubrication, cooling water and radiation. In order to increase the efficiency of engine lot of researchers try to recover waste energy from the exhaust gas, among that thermoelectric generator (TEG), plays an important role in recovering waste energy from the exhaust gas. Thermoelectric generator efficiency depends on the shape of heat exchanger, the size of the fins and material of the thermoelectric element. In this paper, four different configurations of heat exchange modeled and compared through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. They are Fishbone shape, accordion shape, and serial plate and empty cavity heat exchangers. The Serial plate has better heat transfer rate than Fishbone, accordion and empty cavity heat exchanger.

In long distance optical communication systems a solution to the problem of dispersion phenomenon of pulses as they travel along the fiber is optical solitons since they maintain their shape over long distances. Multiple solitons or pulses are formed when the pumping is increased in fiber lasers. The soliton bunches and bound states of soliton patterns formed due to the multiple solitons are in non-stationary state because of the oscillations within the bunch. Hence these multiple solitons may become unstable. To improve the stability of multiple solitons intensity modulation technique is used. In this paper a review on the multiple solitons, their stability and recently developed techniques to increase stability are discussed.

Maintaining manual driving license system is very difficult task for the government agencies to monitor as the number of vehicle users are increasing day by day, so for agility plus perfection we need something advance than conventional way of maintenance. Finger print authentication scheme is a non-imitable biometric authentication scheme. By using this biometric authentication; we can prevent the non-license from driving. So we will avoid accidents. The proposed system consists of a smart card capable of storing the finger print of a particular person. While issuing the license, the specific person's finger print is to be stored in the card. The same automobile should have facility of finger print reader. A person, who wishes to drive, must match his finger print with the smart card otherwise the car will not ignite. Car theft security module also provided using GSM. The groups of finger print images were previously stored in the database, when the new finger print is introduced the GSM will send a message to the authority. The car will ignite, if it gets a positive reply from the authority otherwise the car gets locked. Further, door detector and Seat belt detector are provided to the authentication module. The whole system is built on technology of embedded system which makes more safe, reliable and easy to use.

Internet has become one of the basic amenities for day-today living. Today, in world communication has become very easy with evolution of many communication technologies using internet. However internet has become a curse for visually impaired because of the fact using requires visual perception. Even if much new advancement has been implemented very efficiently the visually challenged user find it very difficult to use this available technologies as the normal naïve user may practice it. So, this paper aims at developing an E-mail architecture that will help the naïve visually impaired person to access the services easily and efficiently for communication without previous training. This architecture will reduce cognitive load taken by blind person to remember and type characters using keyboard as all operations are going too enabled through mouse. This system can be used effectively by handicapped and illiterate persons as it is based on TTS, STT CONVERSIONS and IVR technologies.

Finite element stress analysis of a light vehicle chassis plays an important role during design stages. Nowadays, there are many research papers and advancing programs available in the market especially by the light vehicle manufacturers, which are very much similar to this research work. The paper reviews the most important research works, a technical journal, and conferences papers that have been published. The paper focused on stress analysis of the light vehicle chassis using finite element assortment ANSYS. The results of reading this paper will give the researcher a review of some recent and current developments in the range of vehicle design using finite element stress analysis.

As water is becoming a meager material day-by-day, there is an urgent need to investigate in saving of water for making concrete and curing. Curing of concrete is maintaining satisfactory moisture content in concrete during its early stages in order to develop the desired strength and durability properties. The concept of self-compacting and internal curing is to eliminate the compaction for concrete also maintaining sufficient moisture content in concrete for curing purpose. So, an attempt has been made to develop self-compacting self-curing concrete (SCSCC) by using Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) as self-curing also called internal curing agents. The effect of variation in strength parameters such as Compressive strength, Splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture and Modulus of elasticity were studied for different dosage of self-curing agent (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% weight of cement) and from the experimental investigation it is manifest that addition of 0.3% SAP was achieved desirable properties.

Online social networks (OSNs) are an important source of information for scientists in different fields such as computer science, sociology, economics, etc. However, it is hard to study OSNs as they are very large. For these reasons, we argue that sampling techniques will be the best technique to study OSNs in the future. For this reason here we combine some papers and present some Online social network methodologies that are used for easily finding sampling techniques.

In the present study, an attempt has been made for deposition of B4C-NiCr powder on low carbon steel by laser cladding to improve wear resistant of the substrate. clad powder blends of B4C and NiCr of composition 10%B4C+90%NiCr (80%Ni20%Cr) were deposited by laser cladding using a continuous wave CO2 laser under optimum processing conditions. The result showed that the microstructure of the clad layer consisted of dispersion of B4C particles in the form of nickel borides (NiB, Ni2B). The wear resistance of laser clad low carbon steel was significantly improved as compared to as-received low carbon steel substrate. The wear rate of laser clad low carbon steel (0.1563×10-9 kg/Nm) is much lower than that of as-received substrate (0.1892×10-9 kg/Nm).

Now a day, the demand of automobile vehicles is on peak. So, it is a great challenge for automotive industries to contribute a powerful and efficient engine. The performance of an engine affects by various systems like fuel supply system, transmission system, lubrication system, cooling system etc. So, it becomes essential to account them while model an engine for improved the engines performance. Cooling system is one of the important systems. It also increases heat transfer and fuel economy which indications to increases the performance of an engine. Most internal combustion engines are fluid cooled using either a liquid or air coolant run through a heat exchanger (radiator) cooled by air. This review focuses on the various research papers to improve automobile radiator efficiency. Different research papers have applied different method. Has been studied and finalized that the various coolants (nanofluids), tubes, fan and core, change efficiency of radiator at different mass flow rate. From the literature study, it has been seen that the efficiency of the radiator has been increased through a variety of methods, out of which radiator fan is the most used one to improving the efficiency of radiator by modification of radiator fan and radiator tube.

Solar radiation is received as heat and light which can be converted into useful thermal energy or for the production of electricity through solar-thermal power production. Availability of purely reliable solar radiation data is vital for the success of solar energy installations in different sites of the country. Electricity has become a basic need for people, like air or water. So, it is a big task how to generate electricity with cheaper cost to fulfill the electricity demand of the consumers. This paper focuses on GIS analysis to select suitable site for solar power park in Namakkal District in Tamil Nadu. In Topography, Distance to Infrastructure and Area for organizing a park are the important parameters that have been considered in finding suitable location. It is also important to assess the incoming solar energy for tapping it assures the efficiency. Sector wise power consumption Peak demand and Cost factors are taken into consideration in the analysis. In this paper two interrelated steps have been applied. First, Remote Sensing including satellite data from LANDSAT 8 was used to derive land use/land cover map of the study area. Second, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to model the aspect angles map and slope map for the study area. This findings show the possible site for optimum location for Solar Power Park.

Security is one of the most requirements that need to be provided to achieve an integrity and authentication. In a credential content-based publish subscribe system, the authentication is hard to achieve since there exists no bonding between the end parties. Integrity, authentication and confidentiality needs to arise in published events and subscription conflicts with credential content-based event routing. To provide authentication and confidentiality in broker-less pub sub model by using the method of cryptographic Identity Based signcryption, the authentication and confidentiality of publisher and subscriber messages or events is ensured. Signcryption performs both digital signature and encryption mechanism. Here providing scalable broker-less credential content-based publish/subscribe system model to adapt an event routing between publisher and subscriber located in wide range. This approach helps in providing fast and secure subscription, fine-grained key management, effective encryption or decryption methods and routing is done in the order of subscribed attributes.

The primary aim of this paper is to improve the technique of brain tumor detection in order to provide more accuracy in tumor monitoring thereby enhancing the overall treatment. Brain tumor is one of the major cause of death of human beings. If the tumor is detected as early as possible there are high chances of survival in humans. Through this paper, we are trying to make a scenario possible for diagnostics, by creating an application which implements the concept of image segmentation, clustering, extraction and detection which will eventually present resultant data to the end user as well as diagnostics in the form of report enabling them to know about whether it is a tumor and if it a tumor then at what stage it is now. Image segmentation performs partitioning of an image into mutually exclusive regions. This article mainly emphasizes on detection of approximate location of tumor, and its stage. The algorithm will require 2D MRI of brain, which will be segmented into 2 parts i.e. left and right.

An electric shock gun is an in capacitate weapon used self-protection for criminals. Electric shock gun is a device to produce high voltage with low current. It is very chip in cost, reliable efficient and very effective. Internal circuit of electric shock contains oscillators, voltage multiplier, resonant circuit, and step up transformer or some diode-capacitors to achieve a pulsating DC high – voltage or continuous direct current discharge.

The current research work is based on the optimization of heat transfer of heat exchanger by implementing the twisted helical tape in cold and hot flow pipe. In order to increase the heat transfer rate, helical-tape inserts have enhancing the convective heat transfer in heat exchangers. In general, helical tape insert introduces swirl flow inside the tube, which consequently disrupts a thermal boundary layer on the tube surface. A virtual analytical model has been developed to study the performance of helical-tap insert at annulus of the inner pipe. It has been observed that there is a good agreement between the results for Nusselt number and friction factor. SST k-ω turbulent model has been selected as better turbulent model for further simulation. From the results, it has been found that, by using helical-tape inserts the heat transfer enhancement takes place in the expense of pressure drop.

Nowadays there is necessity for a stronger personal data security and privacy, so we propose a biometric technology with the smart card. This integrated feature is implemented using Match on Card (MOC) algorithm to recognize the fingerprint for a highly personalized authentication. In MOC, minutiae-based technique is used to find the similarity between the templates by point to point matching (Minutiae Pairing). This increases the effectiveness of accuracy when compared to other like transform and correlation-based techniques. Performing the biometric data match within the tamper-proof environment of the smart card which is more private. In this system, all the harmful data involving the biometric pattern can be encapsulated within smart cards providing the risk-free environment without any data leakage.

In the contemporary consequence, for proclaiming the crimes in forensic discipline voice of a person has become a paramount and utilizable evidence, but in our judicial system its consequentially has always been a matter of controversy because of the circumscriptions imposed by sundry factors in the process of identification like background clamour, channel variations, distortions etc. Forensic speech samples customarily differ due to the variation among the acoustic parameters in their recording mode and conditions, affecting the findings. In existing study, to see the nature and amount of variations in acoustic/ perceptual parameters due to transmute of recording media the voice recording of speakers were taken under different recording conditions. The perceptual cues are studied along with their utility in different conditions that the human subjects use to perceive differences in voices. In this study we solely rely in terms of frequency, pitch and energy on recorders concrete variations, to facilitate the process of recognition and will differentiate such features from speaker concrete acoustic parameters.

The radiator fan is a device, which sucks the atmospheric air through the radiator panels and expels it to atmosphere to cool the engine coolant after discharge from the engine and maintains an acceptable operating temperature by transferring heat from the engine to the atmospheric air. The cooling fan are part of the cooling system and their design to keep a cooler temperature in the engine. A composite material is a material consisting of two or more physically or chemically distinct phases. The composite generally has superior characteristics than those of each of the individual components. There is an increasing demand for advanced materials with better properties to meet new requirements or to replace existing material.

Data Stream Mining is the process of extracting knowledge structures from continuous, rapid data records. Now a day's huge amount of data is processed & analyzed. So it is very important to classify data & information properly. The information is basically unstructured & continuous. So huge volume of continuous data which has multidimensional feature & often fast changing. It is required to construct model which adapt such changes & give fast response. Such information flow examples are network traffic, sensor data, call center records etc. Class evolution is now a day's important topic in data stream mining which handles such data. So in previous work proposed a model Class Based ensemble for Class evolution (CBCE) to maintain such a large amount of streams. But for complex & massive data result would be different. So complex class ensemble model (CCEM) is proposed for classification so huge & complex classes can be handled & classify & also proposed a model for class disappearance only so that more emphasize on class disappearance than class reoccurrence & novel class.

21 st century, the world of hurry and busy, the social media is always in buzz with accidents which will cause loss of life and property. Drunk and drive, using communication devises while driving and rash driving which are usually does by the carelessness of the user, on the other hand lack of quality in manufacturing are the causes of these accidents up to greater extinct. There are few safety equipments like airbags, breaks, seatbelts and bumpers etc. bumpers is a main fragment which is attached to front and rear of an automobile which protects passengers from severe collisions. The normal bumpers made of steel and plastic fails while greater impacts, and costly to replace after damage. This article deals with special type of bumper which works on electromagnetic repulsion. The design and modeling of electromagnetic bumper is made of METGLASS rod winded with copper wire which is connected to DC supply. The model is attached with sensor which detects the opposing vehicle, this triggers the electromagnet to generate the required electromagnetic field to repulse the force which is generated by vehicle moving with a greater velocity of 33m/sec. To achieve the supporting results the model is embedded with principles of momentum. This model on proper implementation will enhance the protection by improve the crash worthiness during collision, and also the weight can be altered so that to attain fuel economy and minimizes the loss life and property.

An intake manifold is the essential part of internal combustion engine regarding the performance. The intake manifold consists of plenum chamber and runners. The function of the manifold is to evenly distribute the combustion of air-fuel mixture to all intake port in the cylinder head. This equal distribution is important to optimize the performance and efficiency of the S.I engine. Uneven air distribution leads to low volumetric efficiency, power loss and increased fuel consumption. The study of various research works indicating increase in volumetric efficiency and even distribution of air-fuel mixture to all runners with different methods. There is scope to change the shape and geometry of intake manifold plenum chamber and increase its volumetric efficiency. Such review will help in forming the basis for a proposed research work in the similar direction. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software is used to analyse the intake manifold performance of multi cylinder S.I engine.

It is observed that now a day’s robotics takes place in every sectors where human works, stays, entertains etc. so here we introduced robots which communicate to each other using different sensors the agenda of this robot is to get together if any one of them is displaced and also can generate different shapes by placing them differently in 2D or 3D shapes. Building an artificially intelligent robotic reconfigurable community which proves to identify the problem and find the best solutions. This Project is based on the artificial intelligence bot that assemble with its own decision. The development of this bot is based on the software-hardware platform on controller and sensors like IR, Proximity sensor & RFID.

Essential oil is highly volatile substance isolated by a physical process from an odoriferous plant of a single botanical species. The oil bears the name of the plant from which it is derived from luban oil/peppermint oil, these are known as essential because they were expected to represent essence of odor and flavor for personal therapy. The extraction of oil was carried by soxhlet apparatus and boiled the solution that has a solute of limited solubility in a percolator, then cooling and collecting the condensate in a reservoir from which the concentrated solute was extracted. The research focus on extraction of oil from frankincense (luban) and leaves of frankincense by using hexane as solvent and the comparative studies has been reported with mass spectroscopy analysis.

As the use of cement for stabilization of soil is done during early age but the production of cement cause various environmental effect causing green house and to reduce this and to use the product which is waste or can improve the soil properties and of low cost as compare cement so that in this study glass powder is used to enhance the properties of soil. As the decomposition of glass is very difficult as it is non-biodegradable which can be reuse in the form of material for sub grade improvement or in building construction the glass powder is tested along with sodium hydro oxide additive to get the better result as the NAOH will give best result when mixed with clay soil but after some increased in quantity will reduce the strength and is not workable as it produce enough heat and make the material not workable because the material changes from cohesive to non-cohesive. Causing reduce in volume with higher bulk density.so that in study the clay is stabilized using glass powder and NAOH. The work is carried out for calculating OMC and MDD for different proportion of glass powder alone and NAOH alone and treating the same with optimum quantity of glass powder with varying percentage of NAOH and the same is treated for strength characteristics by performing UCS test for sample cured for 3days, 7days and 14days.

This thesis deals with the design of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) and EVs. More specifically, a tri-mode high-efficiency non-isolated half-bridge converter is developed for the LEV based HESS applications. A 2 kW, 100 V interleaved two-phase converter prototype was implemented. The peak efficiency of 97.5% and a minimum efficiency of 88% over the full load range are achieved. Furthermore, a power-mix optimizer utilizing the real-time Global Positioning System (GPS) data for the EV based HESS is proposed. For a specific design, it is shown that at the cost of less than 1.5% of the overall energy savings, the proposed scheme reduces the peak battery charge and discharge rates by 76% and 47%, respectively. A 30 kW bi-directional dc-dc converter is also designed and implemented for future deployment of the designed HESS into a prototype EV, known as A2B.

Brushless DC (BLDC) is replacing DC motors in wide range of applications such as household appliances, automotive and aviation. These applications require a very robust, high power density and efficient motor for operation. BLDCs are commutated electronically unlike the DC motor. BLDCs are controlled using a microcontroller which powers a three phase power semiconductor bridge. This semiconductor bridge provides power to the stator windings based on the control algorithm. The motor is electronically commutated, and the control technique/ algorithm required for commutation can be achieved either by using a sensor or a sensor less approach. To achieve the desired level of performance the motor also can be controlled using a velocity feedback loop. Sensor less control techniques such as Direct Back Electromotive Force (Back-EMF), Indirect Back EMF Integration and Field Oriented Control (FOC) are studied and discussed. The speed vs. torque characteristics of several different sensor less control techniques of BLDCs were studied and compared to the speed vs torque curve of a separately excited DC motor.

The traditional irrigation system involves most manual labor intensive task. Farmers usually work on large portions of land to grow different types of crops. It is not always possible for one person to be able to keep track of entire farm land about crop and the soil moisture due to health problems, age and unavailability of a person. To overcome this problem a solution is proposed to automate the irrigation system using Arduino and monitoring the farm field by using photos captured by the camera. Depending upon the level of soil moisture content, the system supplies the water to a farm field by sensing the soil moisture. The process of producing appropriate amount of water to plants avoids some of situation like mud cracks, plant disease etc. When the water level reaches the threshold value it automatically stops, sends the notification of a farm field to the farmers. This helps in irrigating the field even during night time, so does not require the farmer to switch on motor manually. Ultimately a farmer can monitor the condition of farm field from anywhere.

The two different materials with varying thicknesses are need to be join for the various application areas like aerospace, automobile, robotics, etc. Because of the superior properties, the composite materials have been widely used in many fields as structural element. Aircraft structure is a huge assembly of frames skins, parts, etc. A load transmission path is formed by structure which is an assembly of sub-structure connected and arranged properly. Such load transmission path is achieved by using joints. As the joints constitute weakest zones in the structure, failure may occurs at the joint due to various reasons such as deflection in excess, stress concentration near the joint area or combination of both. Therefore we need to understand the stress distribution at the joint area and strength of materials for utilize the whole potential of composites, so that the suitable material and joint can be chosen for various application fields. Manufacturing of the composite joints (bonded, riveted and hybrid), Modeling, and static analysis of 3D models were carried out using FEA software (ANSYS). The results were interpreted in terms of Von Misses stress. Various joint like bonded, riveted and hybrid joint were prepared by glass fibre, and then undergo in Universal Testing Machine for tensile test. The results of FEA software and experimental work were then compared with the joints. The Best Joint is recognized and suggested by their load Carrying Capacity.

Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the sustenance and well-being since time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway station, temples etc., are overcrowded all round the clock .When the flooring is engineered with piezo electric technology, the electrical energy produced by the pressure is captured by floor sensors and converted to an electrical charge by piezo transducers, then stored and used as a power source. And this power source has many applications as in agriculture, home application and street lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations.

This Paper present the comparison of split ring slot circular patch antenna and triangular patch antenna designed for multiband purpose in wireless communication. Triangular patch antenna is designed for S and C band applications. Circular patch antenna is designed for K and Ka band applications. Triangular patch Antenna and circular patch antenna are designed with RT/Duroid 5880 substrate and microstrip feeding. Electric field distribution along the slots is manipulated to create many short circuits along the slots. S parameter and other radiation characteristics are studied of both antennas. Advance Design System 2011-10 is used for simulation of these designs. Multiband operation is verified by simulated result.

American psychology association describes that the relationship between the depression and inadequate lactation are not clear. This articles provides an overview of breast feeding practices, newborn care and lack of maternal and newborn care among lactating mothers with depression. Postnatal mothers was estimated by using modified Hamilton depression rating scale. 50 depressed mothers with inadequate lactation were selected. Among 50 mothers, 12 mothers (24%) were mildly depressed, 31 mothers (62%) were moderately depressed and 07 mothers (14%) were severely depressed. The results of this study reveals the mean depression score was 7.59, SD was 2.172 and mean percentage was 25.86 which reveals a significant association between the level of depression among inadequate lactation and selected demographic variable. Depression among mothers with inadequate lactation are the serious threat for the mother as well as for the infant. The findings of this study suggests that majority of the mothers were depressed during postnatal period due to inadequate lactation where the preventive management of the risk group should be carried out in the antenatal period itself.

A DC–DC buck converter has become popular in application to converts a high voltage to a low voltage efficiently. In this paper, a Sliding Mode Control is devised using Gao's reaching law for buck converter. MATLAB simulation is performed and simulation results are presented.

One of the greatest challenge of traditional skin segmentation is false positive rate increases when skin tones are under shadow conditions and overlapping of skin pixels and non-skin pixels. This paper presents an effective approach to shadow removal and skin segmentation in both RGB and HSV color space and it is a deep neural networks to learn high-level representations of skin tones. Firstly, shadow from the input images or frames of video is detected by using hybrid shadow detection algorithm and then removed using correlation based neighbourhood matching algorithm. After the image enhancement, the skin segmentation is done by using triclass thresholding. Skin region recognition can be done by using VGGNet and has learned rich feature representation for a wide range of images. Instead of predicting each pixels individually, we utilize block of pixels for skin segmentation to avoid overlapping of skin pixels and non-skin pixels.

Water is a precious natural resource for all forms of life. Ground water is one key factor that play pivotal role in maintaining the economic worldwide. The scarcity and pollution of groundwater has become serious problem in the arid zones. The objective of the current study was to assess the biological characteristics of ground water in the rural and urban parts of Alagilat area, Libya. Sixty fife samples were collected from 26 villages in 2013.The microbiological quality such as fecal coliform(FC),and Escherichia coli(E.Coli) were enumerated using most probable number (MPN). Based on the outcomes of this study the fecal coliform presented in 63.1 % of the total samples, whereas E.coli was detected in 26.2% of the contaminated ones. The results revealed that the polluted water wells are due to intrusion of sewage and discharge of untreated sewage water into the ground. The study also revealed that the contaminated wells are not safe for drinking purposes.

In recent years, a vast investigation has been seen going on in the field of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). Due to inadequate assets in MANET, to plan an effective and trustworthy routing policy is still a challenge. An intelligent routing strategy is required to efficiently use the limited resources. Also the procedures designed for old-style wired networks such as link-state or distance vector, does not scale well in wireless atmosphere. Routing in MANET is an inspiring task and has received an incredible amount of devotion from researchers around the world. To speechless this problem a number of routing protocols have been established and the number is still growing day by day. It is quite challenging to control which protocols may accomplish well under a number of dissimilar network situations such as network size and topology etc. In this paper we provide an indication of a wide range of the current routing protocols with a specific focus on their appearances and functionality. Also, the assessment is provided based on the routing policies and information used to make routing verdicts. The presentation of all the routing protocols is also discussed. Further this study will help the researchers to get an indication of the existing protocols and recommend which protocols may perform better with respect to changeable network scenarios.

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a compilation of mobile nodes (stations) communicating in a multi hop way without any lasting infrastructure such as access points or base stations. MANET has not well precise security method, so malevolent attacker can effortlessly access this type of network .In this paper we examine different type of attacks which happen at the diverse layer of MANET.

Speckle noise is a different kind of noise which mostly occurs in coherence imaging system like ultrasound images, lasers, sonar, synthetic aperture of radar etc. So, in ultrasound images, the presence of speckle noise results in decrement of quality of an image and due this noise it becomes difficult for human and doctors to diagnose. So it cannot be possible to interpret the change with naked eyes. It also becomes hard to differentiate between speckle noise and clinical information because speckle noise behaves like information. So it is necessary to overcome this problem by reducing noise. Many numerical methods are proposed for filtering of speckle noise or speckle suppression. This paper presents a comparative review of various speckle reduction filters. These filters have different results and behaviour. Similarly some filters do better coherence, edge enhancement and segmentation etc. In the end, it provides some commonly used filtering techniques for de-noising.

Radiator water pump holds an important aspect as far as engine cooling system is concerned. Conventional mechanically driven water pump accounts for 10-12% of total mechanical losses as referred in the literature. Reduction in this loss would therefore result in the increase in efficiency of engine. Instead of crankshaft driven water pump, electrically driven water pump holds key in achieving better efficiency.an electric motor is used to drive the centrifugal water pump. Motor gets its power from the battery which continuously gets charged by an alternator. Then the experiment had been conducted to verify the effectiveness of electric pump over the mechanical one.

Ceramic waste is one of the most pronound research areas that include many area of engineering. Ceramic waste act as pollutants. It is producing dust which is harmful for public health as well as agricultural growth. Utilization of ceramic waste is the best way to protect the environment and also improve the quality of product where it will use industries like construction agriculture, paper, and glass are the best utilizer of ceramic waste. In construction industries ceramic waste can be used to produce ecofriendly concrete. In this project work ordinary Portland cement has been replaced by ceramic waste powder accordingly in the range of 0%, 15%,25%,35%,45% and 55 % by weight of cement in M : 25 and M:40 grade of concrete. Concrete were produced and tested with different proportion of ceramic waste and with super plasticizer for M:40 and result were compared. These test were carried out for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. Result was an increase in strength in properties of concrete up to replacement of 25% and 15 % for M: 25 and M: 40 respectively. This project work related to experimental investigation to evaluate the characteristics compressive strength of concrete and optimum proportion of replacement ceramic waste. The aim of this project is to establish the sustainable concrete by effective replacement of cement with ceramic waste.

Transportation is an extremely difficult issue for physically disabled people. Existing transportation facilities available to physically disabled persons are not sufficient. In order to have barrier free transportation system, it is required to have a system which serves physically disabled people too. The motive of the project is to provide a solution to the boarding constraints of physically disabled while utilizing the public transportation facilities. This mechanism facilitates the transportation of people with disabilities. The wheelchair lift platform extends out with the help of a motor. The platform descends down to ground level enabling person to board in and with pneumatic action the wheel chair is lifted to level of bus platform. Through reverse action the platform is made to occupy the initial stage and with help of motor the entire platform is drawn back to casing. The pneumatic system offers a stable lift but with low load carrying capacity.

Recent developments in communication offers much improved transmission facility to world, therefore it requires a suitable platform to accommodate more connections in order to fullfill the needs. Existing methods suggest many ways to solve this problem but it is complex and has some demerits. In this work, on-orthogonal multiple access based underwater optical communication enables a platform to solve the demerits related to existing optical communication in which it reduces the interference between users and improves the transmission capacity and flexibility compared to other methods. Therefore, NOMA based UWOC offers a clear transmission environment to fullfill the requirements. Also, simulations are performed to study about the non-orthogonal multiple access.

Autonomous vehicle traffic information systems are a relevant topic for next-generation traffic information Systems, as the existing centralized traffic information systems involve a large initial investment and high operating costs. Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are a compelling application of ad hoc networks, because of the potential to access specific context information (e.g. traffic conditions, service updates, route planning) and deliver multimedia services. Vehicle traffic information systems suffer from many problems such as the need to communicate large amounts of data, requiring a longer time for road network coverage, unsteady transmission, and the need for an automatic generation and update method for road network congestion information in a large-scale urban road network. To overcome these problems, here proposes an agent based information dissemination model for VANETs. Multiagent based information dissemination in VANETs, uses a set of static and mobile agents in VANET agency. This model provides flexibility, adaptability and maintainability for traffic information dissemination in VANETs as well as supports robust and agile network management. The proposed model has been simulated in various network scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach.

The rising demand for green energy has generated a lot of emphasis on energy conservation and generation of green energy. Even a small amount of energy savings made has become significant in saving the environment. In this project, a study is conducted and an idea is proposed to extract power from the flow of water flowing in the pipelines from high head storage of a building. A building of height 15 m is considered for this study. The study conducted shows that water flowing in the pipe has sufficient energy to run a micro hydro turbine. The feasibility of such an idea of producing electrical energy from the energy of pipe water is tried out by building a miniature prototype. The theoretical calculations were done using the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics and the results thus obtained results are validated with the experimental setup and the numerical results are validated using CFD simulation. In addition, energy analysis has been carried out to quantify the irreversibility during the process in the system.

Every Civil Engineering structure or building is unique in nature unlike other engineering products which are produced in a massive scale using the same technique again and again. The present Project is an effort to analyze the multistorey building subjected to wind load by STAAD.Pro software. Consideration of site specific lateral loading due to wind along with vertical gravity loads is important for finding the behavior of the tall buildings. As the height of a building becomes taller, the amount of structural material required to resist lateral loads increases drastically. The wind load values were generated by STAAD.Pro considering the given wind intensities at different heights and strictly abiding by the specifications of IS 875 and compared it with the critical case condition. In the present study, the analysis of multistorey building is carried out in a routine fashion. So it helps in the investigation of the behavior of the structure under different loading conditions, its load deflection behavior.

Video plays an important role to help people understand and comprehend the information in much easier way, for example movies, songs or video lectures relevant to user. This can be best done by generating subtitles of the video. At present there are some systems which are able to generate only speech to text, not the video to subtitles in efficient way. Also downloading subtitles of any video from the internet is complex process. To generate subtitles of video automatically through software is solution for this. Hence, in this proposed system subtitles can be generated through three different phases namely audio extraction means separating audio from video and converting audio in suitable format if necessary. The second phase proceeds to the recognition of speech contained in the audio, before giving audio for speech recognition audio is divided into number of chunks. The subtitle generation phase generate subtitle file from the recognition results of the previous step. Subtitle generation is the final process to get subtitles as output of video in which a .txt/.srt file is generated synchronized with the input file. This system can help people to remove the gaps of their native language and the auditory problem. It can also help children with word identification, meaning, acquisition and retention, and it can establish a systematic link between written word and the spoken word.

Sentiment analysis is one of the foremost tasks of Natural Language Processing. Sentiment analysis has gathered much interest in recent years. In this paper, use of text data mining is used to consider the sentiments of the user, through a text document or resource to get important ordered information. Analyzing the mental state of user is done by identifying the sentiments of a user's social media posts. According to the analysed emotions, Yoga Asanas and other easy solutions will be provided to the user. It aims to combine the advantages of social media and the ancient form of exercise – Yoga to provide a holistic approach to a better mental health.

The following paper coveys an outline of data mining field & security information event management system. We will observe how several methods of data mining can be passed down in security information and event management system to boost the potentialities of the system.

Web mining is one of the techniques of data mining to extract information or knowledge from Web. Web data processing is a method of handling enormous amount of data. Web mining is used for identify patterns which is to be required by the users. Web mining second phase is web content mining which addressed mining of text, pictures and various multimedia documents. The central purpose of web content mining is to identify accordant content as per queries. In this research work web pages are extracted by applying patterns and rules and hence carried out it performance metrics. Here web mining categories and web content mining tools and techniques are broadly classified.

Generally it has been noticed that differential equation is solved typically. The Laplace transformation makes it easy to solve. The Laplace transformation is applied in different areas of science, engineering and technology. The Laplace transformation is applicable in so many fields. Laplace transformation is used in solving the time domain function by converting it into frequency domain. Here we have applied Laplace transformation in linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficient and several ordinary equations wherein the coefficients are variable. Laplace transformation makes it easier to solve the problems in engineering applications and makes differential equations simple to solve. This paper presents a new technological approach to solve Ordinary differential equation with variable coefficient.

Environmental pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution related disease and health conditions. Self-cleaning concrete having a technique to reduce the air contaminants such as NOX, SO2, CO2 and VOC'S from vehicular traffic on streets, any industrial activity and the urban environment. Photocatalytic materials are used in conventional concrete for urban buildings and road pavements to reduce air pollution. The primary photocatalytic material is Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white coloured powder. TiO2 is activated by the energy from the sun light or UV lamps and it decompose the external pollutants on the surface of the concrete, which is removed by wind and rain action. The presence or removals of pollutants are monitored by the laboratory tests. The workability and compressive strength of the self-cleaning concrete is also tested. As a result it reduces the air pollution (also smog) and causes to self-cleaning activity.

The project is entitled as " Tamil Nadu Tourism E-Guide ". This is high efficiency android application. This is used to find the details of the tourist place which the user wants to visit. This project is developed by using Java as front end and SQL as back end. Tamil Nadu Tourism E-Guide propose architecture of mobile tourist guide system for android mobile phones that is able to provide tourism information to the mobile users conveniently. It can realize to query information for various places and gives multi output and hence it has more practical significance. This project has salient features which reduces the complexity of the user. The android based tourist guide system is easy, efficient, quicker and flexible for all the needs of the tourist.

Dadda multipliers require less area and are slightly faster than Wallace tree multipliers. Among tree multipliers, Dadda multiplier is the most popular multiplier. This paper presents a new tree multiplier named Full-Dadda which has a new reduction scheme. This novel reduction scheme results in less number of bit-interconnects and less interconnect area than those in Dadda multiplier. This proposed reduction scheme is also a superior one in terms of regularity, simplicity and alternative use. This regularity and simplicity do not require any extra hardware. The comparative performance analysis of the Dadda and the Full-Dadda multipliers with different operand sizes is presented in this paper. Figures and tables are given to illustrate above advantages of the proposed multiplier.

The main idea behind development this project is to reduce sound pollution which is generated by Dolby system. In Dolby system, loudspeakers play major role in producing sound pollution. In the field of acoustics, noise investigations involving regulated measurements, this requires sophisticated and expensive equipment and obtaining data sets for subsequent analysis becomes very difficult and complicated. Since functions and parameters can be easily redefined by changes in the programmed instructions. Furthermore, this method avoids a redesign of a physical circuit. In this work, the design and implementation of an android app is presented. The system is implemented with android app and RF communication. The advantage to choose RF communication is that it will control the sound level automatically when the system enters into RF zone.

EDM finds to be one of the most extensively used non-conventional material removal processes for challenging materials and difficult-to-cut materials with conventional machining process. EDM is a thermo-electric process in which material is removed from work piece by thermo erosion effect by series of electric discharges (in terms of sparks) between tool and work piece which are immersed in a dielectric medium. This project have been carried out on ZNC-EDM by taking Aluminum, Tool as work material and copper as electrode. For experimentation Peak Voltage (Vin), Peak Current (Iin) and Pulse on Time (TON) are taken as key input parameters based on literature support. Metal Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate(TWR) has taken as performance measures. EDM oil is used as dielectric medium between tool and work piece. Keywords: EDM, Aluminum, material removal rate, electrode wear rate, disintegration-drilling-cobalt-bonded, tungsten carbide-response surface methodology-Electric discharge machining (EDM) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Climate change, caused by the release of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere, has been recognized as one of the greatest threats of the 21st century. Share of energy consumption in India and China has also been on the raise due to sharp urbanization, population explosion, and intensive growth of IT and related business. Buildings are the dominant energy consumers in modern cities account up to 40% energy consumption. Their consumption can be largely cut back through improving efficiency, which is an effective means to lessen greenhouse gas emissions and slow down depletion of non-renewable energy resources. There is over 50% saving potential in the building sector and thus it is considered as a potential sector to meet the challenges of global energy and climate change. Along with introduction of energy efficiency measures, more effective means are needed to induce or compel greater efforts, especially to the signatories. This technical paper discusses the role of energy efficiency in green buildings in Indian scenario to reduce the energy consumption and environmental degradation through Green House Gas emission (GHG). The possibility and benefits of harmonizing governmental and private-sector schemes are also discussed. Our project paper presents a study has been undertaken for the newly constructed and existing buildings in order to assess its potential and capacity to save energy. The paper thus deals with the various energy saving concepts which can be incorporated at the time of planning, designing, construction and execution stage to have energy efficiency in buildings keeping in mind the cost perspective. The primary objective of this project is to gain sufficient knowledge in planning, analysis, and design of building and Quantity surveying. Our project deals with the plan and design of a Bank building. It is a reinforced concrete framed structure consisting of G +2 with adequate facilities.IS 456:2000 codes is the basic code for general construction in concrete structures, hence all the structural members are designed using limit state method in accordance with the IS 456:2000 code and design aids. The planning of any building in India will be recognized by National Building Code (NBC), hence the building is planned in accordance with the National Building Code of India. The residential building has proper ventilation, it is provided with sufficient doors, windows. Water supply and electrification are also provided. Practical considerations Besides all the fundamentals of planning discussed, following practical points should be additionally considered: 1) The elements of the building should be strong and capable to withstand the likely adverse effects of natural agencies. 2) Strength, stability, convenience and comfort of the occupants should be the first consideration in planning. 3) Elevation should be simple but attractive. The number of doors and windows provided should be less for a bank building. 4) The provisions of built in furniture at proper places are useful from the point of view of utility. 5) Since the plan is for a bank building, the locker rooms must be secured with thicker walls than usual. Proper nomenclature of floors and storey's and also unified and improved methods of designating the structural members eliminate the possible confusion and led to less efforts and saving in time in the preparation of design calculation and drawings. There are two main methods to design the structural members, they are working stress method and limit state method. Here, we adopt the limit state method for designing all the structural members involved, in our project. The structures are designed to its

This paper work is based on the study of shale oil and gas as an alternative source of energy as Shale oil and gas is rapidly emerging as a significant and relatively low cost new unconventional resource in the world. There is potential for shale oil and gas production to spread globally over the next couple of decades. If it does, it would revolutionize global energy markets, providing greater long term energy security at lower cost for many countries. Our analysis suggests that global shale oil and gas production has the potential to reach up to 14 million barrels of oil per day by 2035; this amounts to 12% of the world's total oil supply. We estimate that this increase could reduce oil prices in 2035 by around 25%-40% relative to the current baseline EIA projection of $133/barrel in 2035, which assumes low levels of shale oil & gas production. In turn, we estimate this could increase the level of global GDP in 2035 by around 2.3%-3.7%. However, the benefits of such oil price reductions will vary significantly by country. Large net oil importers such as India and Japan might see their GDP boosted by around 4%-7% by 2035, while the US, China, the Euro zone and the UK might gain by 2%-5% of GDP. The potential emergence of shale oil presents major strategic opportunities and challenges for the oil and gas industry and for governments worldwide. This paper have a deep study about the world shale gas and shale oil resource assessment, shale oil and shale gas resources in India which have the enough amount of shale oil & gas to full fill the demand of the country and also to reduce the bulk imports which will be help in improving the economy of the country and the GDP rate, if India explore this basin the scope of employment and opportunities will increase.

This paper contains a detail study about the two major basins of India in the perspective of shale oil and gas. According to estimates by EIA, India has 96 tcf of recoverable shale gas reserves. However there has been a recent downward revision in the estimates. India's shale gas reserve estimates pale in comparison to global standards, however limited exploration has been carried out so far. The Cambay, Krishna Godavari, Cauvery and the Damodar Valley are the most perspective sedimentary basins for carrying out shale gas activities in the country. The Cambay Basin in Gujarat is the largest basin in the country, spreaded across 20,000 gross square miles, with a prospective area of 1940 square miles. Around 20 tcf of gas has been classified as recoverable in this basin. It is estimated that the Krishna Godavari basin, located in eastern India, holds the largest shale gas reserves in the country. It extends over 7800 square miles in gross area with a prospective area of around 4340 sq miles. The basin encloses a series of rich organic materials, containing around 27-30 tcf.

In the field of android applications, online exchange application is being widely used. People of this current generation are getting updated every day and they also update the things they use very often. And to get rid of their unwanted old things they prefer an android online exchange applications where they will have to go in contact with unknown people which may not be safe sometimes and there are chances for the fraudulent too. And to avoid this SOLX was designed. SOLX is an android application where students and faculties of the SNS College of Technology can buy/sell the used products to/from colleagues of SNS College of Technology. People only with SNS identity can use this app. Initially seller has to create an account and will have to upload the image of the products and fill the details. Similarly buyer has to create an account and can buy the required product in single click. In short this app is complete user friendly and will serve as a virtual supermarket. Now, people with SNS identity can buy /sell things to/from trusted known people safely.

The project is entitled as A FAST IMAGE RETRIEVAL SYSTEM ". Digital images have many applications in different fields like medical imaging and diagnostics, weather forecasting, space research, military etc. The number of images available and their wide variety increases with the ease of acquiring, storing and sharing digital images due to the advances in technology. As a result, the significance of image retrieval algorithms and systems has been considerably increased. Many researches on content-based image retrieval (CBIR) are being carried out. In this paper, a fast image retrieval algorithm called feature levels is proposed. Feature levels algorithm works with the classification of image features to different categories or levels, feature extraction in terms of levels and feature similarity comparison of the query image with database images. The system retrieves images from the associated database. The database is rewritten after each level according to Distance Matching (DM) algorithm.

The project is entitled as " YELLOW PAGES FOR SMART CITY ". This is high efficiency android application. This project is developed by using Android as Front-End and MySQL as Back-End. Yellow pages refer to a telephone directory of businesses, organized by category rather than alphabetically by business name, and in which advertising is sold. The directories were originally printed on yellow paper, as opposed to white pages for non-commercial listings. The traditional term yellow pages is now also applied to online directories of businesses. This is mobile based yellow pages application. This application is used to find the hospitals, important shops, schools, colleges and more details through android application. This application contains the details of the city and city directories. Yellow pages usages is increasing day by day. Because more people are using internet. This yellow pages application is also contains the videos and images of the company. The users can easily search the shops details and view the application and also easily add the details of the shop and more.

The percentage of voting is decreasing, which the serious drawback of traditional is voting scheme. This is because most of voters are busy in their work and most of the voters are living far away from voting center. Some voters don't like to wait in queues. Thus, due to this, voters don't visit to the polling booth. Hence an improvement is needed in this field. Thus, in this paper we are introducing such a system, which will eliminate drawback of traditional voting scheme. This voting scheme proposed here SMS based voting system. By integrating an electronic voting scheme with the GSM infrastructure, we are able to modify existing GSM authentication mechanisms and provide enhanced voter authentication and mobility in order to maintain voter privacy. The objective and verdict takes of this project is to avoid the queue in voting time. Voting machines provide easy access to cast the vote by using mobile phone.

Mobile agent based intelligence power distribution control system present a basic model representation of this anti-theft system for electrical lines providing electricity distribution for house and industries. This system is quite not complex while implementing central unit / distribution unit which provides accurate distribution to node at 3-phase or 1-phase electricity. It can calculates over all voltage & current distribution to the node unit and measures differences or you can say losses during line distributions, while if any how there is unwanted high loss or can be possible joint for undesired usage in between the lines, there may be large difference in measuring the overall calculation between distribution & node units. This whole concept can be implemented by wireless technology using GSM. Wireless communication helps giving live reading calculation & measurements of distribution / central unit and node unit power usage. If there is vast change from timeout then this system will let know electricity board warning about this theft or possible huge loss between lines through GSM.

Due to the malicious activities of nodes such as behavioral change of node and malicious activities, Wireless Sensor network may face a critical issue. Scale free wireless sensor network are important because they tolerate random attacks very well. However they can be vulnerable to malicious attacks, which particularly target certain important nodes. To address this problem, both routing and secured communication protocols should be enforced to provide full protection for every node in a communication network. This paper is going to explore the activities of sensor of sensor node architecture. The performances of existing path identification approaches, however, degrade rapidly in large scale networks with lossy links. This paper presents intelligent route identification scheme (IRIS), a robust path evaluation method against poor performance of node construction works. Proposed system can be implemented even when the hacking or node failure occurs in sensor networks. The Robot Detection mechanism is used to detect the malicious nodes and remove the malicious nodes in the network. This proposed mechanism is provide efficient data transmission.

The present study aims to evaluate the properties of pervious concrete (PC) using pebbles as coarse aggregates (CA) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) as binder. Properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural tensile strength, coefficient of permeability, percentage of voids and dry density properties were examined and relationships between testing age vs. strength parameters and permeability parameters were drawn to evaluate the effect of pebbles aggregate in pervious concrete. Furthermore, durability studies such as salt resistance and sulphate resistance were also carried out to evaluate the chemical resistance property of PC. The results are compared with conventional control mix made of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) binder. The results indicated that using of pebbles as coarse aggregate shows sufficient strength, permeability and durability properties. The strength parameters and permeability parameters met the requirements and pervious concrete made with pebbles as a coarse aggregate can be used for sustainable pavement construction.

Now a days with the increasing levels of technology, the efforts being put to produce any kind of work has been continuously decreasing. The efforts required in achieving the desired output can be effectively and economically be decreased by the implementation of better designs. These Power screws are used to converting rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by moving a lead screw and this adjustment can be done either manually or by integrating an electric motor. In present days the two wheeler mechanic are not using lifting platform due to its heavy cost and their maintenance. Because of continuously bending of mechanic body during the repair and maintenance of two wheeler there are many health related problems are arising, also more stress and efforts are required. Limiting Deflection in Scissor Lift: Selecting lift with design capacity greater than required for the application; most scissor lift design for duty at higher capacities will experience less stress in all structural components as well as lower system pressures, at lower, working capacities. Reduced stresses and pressure always result in reduced deflection. Avoid transfer of load within the first 20% of lift travel: To minimize stress and deflection, at transfer elevations, it is critical to design the conveyor or transfer system to ensure that these elevations are above the scissor lift's " critical zone " of the first 20%of the lift available travel. Transfer load over fixed end of the lift platform: First if possible, load should not be transfer over the sides of a raised scissor lift is much more difficult to control deflection when the load is not shared equally between the two scissor legs pairs. Available Scissor Lift: 1) Hydraulic lifting platform. 2) Electric lifting platform.

The design methodology in light of Limit State Method includes various mathematical statements and parameters, which makes the outline handle a confusing and repetitive undertaking. Additionally, outline being a trialing procedure is extremely repetitive and time-consuming in nature. Henceforth utilization of spreadsheets can decrease the time and effort of a planner/build widely. On account of the minimization and compliance, spreadsheets have turned into one of the best choices for a designer, notwithstanding the accessibility of number of standard configuration programming packages. The primary point of this undertaking is to set up a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet using VBA Programming which will allow user to 1) Analyse a beam for Shear Force, Bending Moment, Slope & Deflection for various End Conditions and for different load patterns. 2) To analyse a beam for its Safe Load Carrying Capacity 3) To Design RCC Beams The result of this venture will be an outline apparatus, which can be advantageously utilized by a specialist to analyse and design a RCC beam.

Nowadays CT-scan image can be more efficient than X-rays.However problems are scaned and merged due to time constraints in detecting the presence of lung cancer, regarding to the several diagnosis methods detection is done. Hereby the lung cancer detecting system is used to classify the presence of lung cancer in a CT image with the way of detecting and identifying the affected part of the lung. Further by collecting various CT-scan images that will be pre-processed, filtered, segmented and finally feature extraction can be discussed at the time of report preparation by producing related videos for the CT-scan images.

India is large country with growing needs of essential resources like food, water, and Shelter. The indiscriminate population increase has raised the demand for food and fodder to continue life on Earth. Unfortunately the amount of domestic waste, sewage and solid wastes etc. has also increased and thereby causing pollution of our environment. In Indian context the situation is very drastic. This situation can only be handled by not throwing sewage directly to natural resources and reuse the treated water the ultimately reduces the overall demand of fresh water. In India an estimated 62,000 MLD sewage is generated in urban areas while the treatment capacity across India is 23,277 MLD, or 37% of sewage generated, according to the data released by the government in December 2015 rest falls directly into rivers causing sewer problems. The operation and maintenance of existing treatment capacity is below par with almost 40% plants not confirming to environmental rules for discharge into streams, the CPCB's 2009 report said. The main aim of this paper is to suggest any possible modification in treatment process in the sewage plant taken under consideration in order to improve the effluent quality and thus minimizing the pollution of water resources, Reuse the treated water for various purposes such as agricultural and land irrigation, toilet flushing, ground water recharge and the sludge generated can be used for bio-gas generation and as manure for agriculture purposes.

In the present time aluminium and other metals are replaced by composite materials in the field of automobile due to less weight and less corrosiveness. In this experiment aluminum alloy is used as the matrix material and SiC and various leaf ashes used as the reinforcement. The composite is developed by bottom pouring stir casting method. The optical microscopic test is steered to examine the dispersal of reinforcement particulates. Vickers hardness test is used to calculating the hardness in the composite samples. Finally, the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were evaluated, and their relation to the corresponding microstructure and processing parameters of the composites was discussed.

In India major part of roads are flexible in nature which deteriorates rapidly during their design life owing to high traffic intensity, overloading of commercial vehicle, and improper drainage system etc. resulting in early initiation of distress condition. These governing factors emphasizes on the necessity of roads with better stability and engineering design. In a country like India with its adverse climatic condition roads made of conventional bitumen fail to impart the required stability hence modification of bitumen as binder is the need of the hour. Certain admixtures can be used to partially replace the conventional bitumen to improve desired mechanical characteristics for particular road mix in semi dense bituminous concrete layer. Zycosil a nanomaterial recently used as an additive to strengthen the pavement. In this study, we are looking forward to use zycosil as additives in SDBC mix along with cement as filler. Various cold mix samples were prepared at different percentages of binder content (7%, 8%, 9% and 10%).These samples were tested for Marshall Values. These Marshall values were used to compute the optimum bitumen content of the mix. The optimum bitumen content was found to be 8.66% for SDBC mix. Zycosil additive was added at varying percentage (0.02%, 0.03% and 0.04%) to this optimum bitumen content. Upon addition of zycosil to the optimum bitumen content, the Marshall stability values of the mix increases significantly. Hence it is suggested to use it in the flexible pavement construction.

India being the largest democracy in the world, elections forms the cornerstone of our country. We elect our own representative who can lead our country successfully, does well to the people and hopefully keep their promises. Voting is the opportunity to contribute in political process and it is the right of every citizen to vote. But it is the biggest question whether the elections are being held in an efficient and generous way. From various surveys it is stated that the voting process is turning into business deals. The problem of bogus votes are still continuing which is biggest threat to our nation. Initially ballot paper was used to vote where the counting process takes long time and there was risk of manual errors. Later ballot box i.e., EVM was adopted where counting were being done at earliest yet bogus votes are being casted. To overcome all these crisis aadhar based voting system is proposed in this paper where the biometrics are scanned and votes are casted to the desired representatives. Also a special button is denoted for voting for physically challenged peoples where they can vote for nation at easiest way.

The purpose of the study is to identify improved gating system of windmill hub. The windmill hub is a portion of windmill which houses the bearing and contains blades. Here we made some modifications in gating system and find a suitable design by various factors. The study is done in on the basis of manufacturing of windmill hub at Autokast Ltd Cherthala. Here the windmill hub has a pouring weight of 2250kg. The calculations are modified on the basis of this weight.

Sequential logic is a form of binary circuit design that employs one or more inputs and one or more outputs, whose states are related by defined rules that depend, inpart, on previous states. In sequential logic the output depends on both present inputs and the past output. Each of inputs and outputs can attain either of two stages: Logic '0' (Low) or Logic '1' (High). A common example of the circuit employing sequential logic is Flipflops or also called as Bistable gate. A simple flipflop has two stable states. The flipflop maintains its states indefinitely until its input pulse called trigger is received. If a trigger is received, the flipflop outputs change their states according to the defined rules, and remain in that states until another trigger is received. There are different kinds of flipflops are available such as D,T,J-K,S-R flipflops in the form of logic gates. The basic D flipflop has a D(data) input and a clock input and outputs Q and Qbar .Optionally it may also include the Reset and the Clk inputs.

Since people have recognized the potential of Blockchain technology, many researchers tried to find real-life applications of Blockchain. Blockchain has become famous after its first application which was Bitcoin, a digital currency based on Blockchain technology, inheriting its potential from the decentralized network. After Bitcoin, many digital currencies incepted. For many years Blockchain has been misunderstood as the public ledger which can be used for maintaining the online currency transaction record. People were less aware of the other features and so the applications of Blockchain. One of the most suitable example inheriting many features of the Blockchain is online Voting or decentralized Voting. Many researchers have proposed several solutions inheriting the diverse features of the Blockchain. Understanding the features and their importance in Blockchain Voting is an important topic that we need to concern. This features will then be used to develop a more secure and transparent voting solution.

Automated Resume Extraction and Candidate Selection System is a product which can be best suited for any organization’s recruitment process. The system will be robust enough which will automatically extract the resume content and store it in a structure form within the Data Base [1]. Classification algorithm (Naive Bayes) will be run on the profiles to identify profile Categories or classes. Also the employer can specify his criteria and also decide the importance level. As the internet grows, amount of electronic text increases rapidly. This brings the advantage of reaching the information sources in a cheap and quick way. Keywords are useful tools as they give the shortest summary of the document. But they are rarely included in the texts [2]. There are proposed methods for automated keyword extraction. This paper also introduces such a method, which identifies the keywords with their
frequencies and positions in the training set. It uses Naïve Bayesian Classifier with supervised learning.

Over the span of ongoing years, information development has well-ordered changed the way in which health services are provisioned for patients. In this paper, I am going to exhibit a tele monitoring system for remote healthcare management utilizing the combination of remote body sensors and ontology rules. The two layers which are intended to portray the errand of healthcare observation are the Remote Body Sensor framework with transmission facility and data & communication server with ontology rules. Patients get medicinal services alarms remotely from home. Communication layer uses the REST API services for remote data communication. Data & Communication server gives health emergency alerts to caretakers or doctors and health reminders to patients.

In this paper, we discuss the definitions of union of Fuzzy subsets, the definitions of union of Anti-Fuzzy subsets, definition of fuzzy subgroup, definition of anti-fuzzy subgroup, and show the relation between fuzzy subgroups and an Anti-fuzzy subgroups and derive some theorems.

In a digital circuit theory, combinational logic is a type of digital logic implemented by Boolean circuits, where the output is pure function of the present input. A carry skip adder which is also known as carry by pass adder is an adder implementation that improves on the delay of a ripple carry adder with little effort compared to other adders, In which, it have the low power consumption, a high degree of regularity and simplicity that the carry ripple chain is connected to n-input AND gate. The resulting bit is used as the select bit a multiplexer that switches either the last carry bit or the carry-in to the carry-out signal. The behaviour of the efficient Carry Skip Adder is designed using tanner eda tools which was useful and the currently existing carry skip adder is designed using xilnx software and lastly the layout for this research is designed with the help of multisim. With help of this research many newly created circuits can designed much smaller.

Material handling system can be defined as movement, handling, storage and controlling of materials throughout the manufacturing process. The main purpose of using a material handling system is to ensure that the material in the right amount is carefully delivered to the desired destination at the right time at minimum cost. The material handling system ensures the timely delivery of desired quantity of material at desired location with minimum cost and maximum safety. Material handling is not a manufacturing process but involve substantial amount of product cost and labor. Due to daily invention of new technologies material-handling equipment are undergoing continuous automation. Wide ranges of material handling equipment are available in the market and it is difficult to select best one for industries requirement. A material handling system should be chosen in such away so that to reduce manufacturing cost and avoid interruption and damage. On the other side right selection and planning of MH improves productivity, efficiency and profit of a company. This paper focuses on the key points of the material handling equipments. In this paper an attempt is made to set some guidelines for selecting the best material handling system for a particular task out of available ones.

The objective of this study is to characterize the pulp of fruit Dacryodes edulis (Safou Blanchi) to contribute to the underpinning
knowledge required to master the organoleptic properties of the product. Methodology: A study was brought in 2018 on the safou
fruit of the safou tree (Dacryodes edulis) 3 months old, plant product harvested in Makoua, urban community located in the central
basin in the Republic of the Congo. Safou pulp manufacturing test and the addition of the ingredients were weighed according to
the quantity while reaching a mass of 536.04 g. The mixture is made with lukewarm water. After kneading, comes the modelling
then frying in a chip in a bath of oil heated to more than 170°C. The cooking lasted for 3 to 5 minutes. In the laboratory, we checked
out the physicochemical and sensory characteristics (14 panelists were asked about the variables color, smell, taste, and texture)
of the resulting product. Results: the physicochemical composition has been represented by different makers: water 9.73%, ash
1.22%, protein 20.25%, fat 34.86% and carbohydrate 43.67%. As tasters, the texture is the only descriptor best enjoyed with
average 4.9 ± 0.28. The gap-type = 1.08, highest variance = 1.17 and the coefficient of variation = 38% reported the smell. The
choice of the product of the sensory analysis the taster test 4 this has the highest average 6.9. The comparison of the coefficients,
the difference was not significant p≤0.05. In conclusion: Although the ingredients have contributed to making the product obtained
snacking, we say that it is good for consumption by humans or even the sprinter (athlete), allowing it to achieve good performance,
to the marketing and commercialization of local products.

In this paper, I present a multi-agent based versatile healthcare system which is the blend of a remote restorative sensor module
with data mining strategies. Versatile Health Care is the use of mobile computing techniques for enhancing interaction among
patients, caretakers, doctors, and other healthcare providers. Here we separate association rule investigation into two information
groups. The first one data collected from the patient's body using smart sensors and the second one the patient's health history
gathered in the past. This framework gathers the diagnosis patterns, orders them into typical and crisis terms and announces an
emergency by contrasting the two information groups as referred to before. Therefore, recommends techniques to examine and
demonstrate examples of a patient's health condition.

The application “EDUCATE YOUTH APP” is developed to help for students who are in need of help for educational expense.
The application vision is to connect donors and students on the same platform. The application allows student to register and apply
for educational fund and eliminates the process of student visiting organizations for help, and provides an easy to use platform for
donors to donate funds.

In today’s time the number of motorbikes are increasing rapidly also the number of accidents are increasing due to the carelessness
of the bike riders. Sometimes the riders don’t know where the problem is in the bike. So it becomes essential to develop a
monitoring system which will monitor the different parameters for the life of the bike’s health as well as for the safety of the bike
rider. So as monitoring system different sensor can be used and then the parameters are measured and from that values it can be
seen easily that whether the condition of the bike is proper or not. By using this system in the bikes the efficiency as well as life of
bike will increase.

This research aims at implementing lean manufacturing processes to reduce wasteful expenditure, and in the era of intense competition, industries are adopting lean manufacturing for successful survival, as this kind of spending can happen in countless ways. To reach that reduction in spending, manufacturing should set one or more of the following goals like Improve Quality, Eliminate Waste, Reduce Lead Time, and Reduce Total Cost. Waste is anything that provides no value to the customer, contributes nothing to your bottom line, but absolutely has a cost. It exists at every level of your company, in every department, and within virtually every activity that takes place. The ultimate lean manufacturing target is the total elimination of waste, and improve
factory automation.
And while that is virtually impossible to achieve, it should still be the ultimate goal. Here are the most common areas of waste in business, like Inventory, Overproduction Over-processing Transportation, and Downtime etc.

NFC applications can possibly alter the organization of medicinal services conveyed around the world, by making better approaches for completing tasks and associating with individuals and information. By disentangling the exchange of digital information between patients, suppliers, and health organizations, NFC can help change the current healthcare system, while diminishing medical expenses and enhancing care. A short-range wireless communication technology, NFC makes life simpler and progressively helpful for customers around the globe by making it conceivable to perform exchange digital information securely and associate electronic gadgets with only a touch. In this paper, I proposed a fundamental design for smart healthcare services utilizing Near Field Communication (NFC) to encourage the provisioning of medicinal services to patients anyplace, anytime utilizing smart mobiles that are associated through wireless communication technologies.

Title: Ill effects of tobacco among adults selected village, Kancheepuram District Objective: To assess the ill effects of tobacco among adults. Methodology: Descriptive study design was adopted. Convenient sampling technique was used and 40 adults were selected at kancheepuram district. The data was collected, organized and analyzed in terms of both descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The analysis revealed that the mean value of pretest was 7.92±3.92. Demographic variable influence by Do you like to see the favourite Heroes using the substances in film shows moderately significant association with c2 = 12.47 at p<0.01 level. Conclusion: The investigator after analyzing the data has come to the conclusion that most of the adults have inadequate ill effects of tobacco.

Polyhouse is the latest method in farming technology and also a growing organic business in developed countries. Polyhouse is creating a virtually real and comfort-table environment to the crop. This method yields more crop than the normal method and it is more organic. Automation in polyhouse avoids the mistakes by the farmer. This system monitors the temperature, humidity, soil moisture, intensity of light in the polyhouse using various sensors. System more focuses on detecting the suspicious object and notify to farmer. Template matching algorithm to process the images and detects the suspicious objects in poly house. The whole farm is controlled and monitored using IOT. Polyhouse field is monitored through the mobile app which is connected to internet, so it becomes easy for farmer to control it from anywhere around the globe.

We propose style of "Pothole Detection System for observance Road and Traffic Conditions mistreatment IoT" observance road and traffic conditions in an exceedingly town could be a drawback wide studied. Many ways are projected towards addressing this drawback. Many projected techniques need dedicated hardware like GPS devices and accelerometers in vehicles or cameras on wayside and close to traffic signals. All such ways square measure expensive in terms of financial value and human effort needed. We tend to propose a non-intrusive methodology that uses sensors gift on smartphones. In propose system we tend to use measuring instrument, GPS detector readings for traffic and road conditions detection. The projected system contains 2 vital functions, initial is to discover the hollow that is finished through a multi-sensor scheme consisting of measuring instrument and gyro and second warn the motive force and store this info on a cloud base which might be accessed by different users which is able to facilitate them apprehend the potholes on their approach. Once the placement of the potholes is understood, Government authorities may be well-read regarding identical.

Ever since human civilization has evolved, it has made continued Improvements to the various instruments used by them. This continued improvements and changes have made this modern era possible where humans enjoy their own inventions which includes energy consuming devices like fan, light, AC, etc. Recently we have observed the shortfall of energy generation in comparison to energy demand, especially in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, etc. In such situations, Improvement of energy efficiency in energy generation side as well as energy consumption side. Such efforts have led to development of LED bulbs and CFL bulbs on energy consumption side and many thermal efficiency improvement methods on the energy generation side. Heat Exchanger is a device which has wide applications ranging from Energy Generation like power plants to Energy consumption like AC Plants and used in Chemical Industries on a Large Scale.

Worldwide the bioremediated textile effluent as a water source for agricultural irrigation has been introduced as an alternative for wastewater destination in the environment. Focusing on agricultural environmental aspects, the objectives of the present study was to analyse the physico-chemical parameters of textile effluent and methyl orange treated with the selected algae Oedogonium subplagiostomum AP1. To analyse the biometric parameters such as germination percentage, height (shoot and root length), vigour index, number of flowers, buds, branches, leaves, nodes, size of the flowers (cm), weight of the flower (g) and fresh weight of the test plants namely Marigold (yellow and orange) and Celosia argentea on 7 th and 60 th day using tap water (T1), untreated methyl orange (T2) and bioremediated methyl orange (T3) solutions respectively. The physico-chemical characteristics of the soil before and after harvest were also analysed. The degraded metabolites in bioremediated methyl orange and untreated methyl orange solution were also checked for its toxicity against the selected bacterial and fungal isolates. The results revealed that the physicochemical parameters of the textile effluent, untreated and treated methyl orange falls within the limit prescribed by BIS. The biometric parameters analysed on 7 th day shows that the germination percentage was maximum in control (T1) followed by plants treated with bioremediated dye solution (T3) and minimum in untreated dye solution (T2). Similar trend was observed in all the biometric parameters tested for the selected plants on 7 th and 60 th day respectively. The soil parameters were found to be high in T2 treatment when compared with control (T1) and T3. The microbial toxicity shows that there was no zone of inhibition in the control and treated dye solution whereas significant inhibition was recorded in untreated dye solution. Thus the present study validates the use of bioremediated methyl orange solution as an eco-friendly alternative water source for irrigation.

Barrages are basically meant for diversion of river water through canals for irrigation purposes. There are numerous barrages in India for various purposes. Some old barrages in India are in poor condition and have developed cracks and need regular monitoring for safety of structure. A comprehensive programme of instrumentation and observation can play a major role in evaluating the stability of a structure. Proper guidelines for instrumentation of barrage are basic requirement for monitoring its performance and safety. BIS has framed guidelines for instrumentation of barrages and weirs in its code IS 14248:1995. These BIS standards recommend monitoring of barrage for uplift pressure, stress and strain, water levels, tilt and displacement. This paper discusses about the analysis, results and recommendations based on the monitoring of crack movement.

Textile industries are one of the most potential pollutants to the environment and human health. These industries discharge large volume of waste water which is characterized by high BOD, COD, turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids, sulphide, chloride, chromium, animal hairs, epidermic fats and other bio-contaminants. Usually these untreated effluents are treated by the current commercial synthetic coagulant such as ferrous sulphate, aluminium sulphate (alum), poly aluminium chloride which is harmful for livelihood. Natural coagulants are organic based coagulant that can be used in coagulation stage of waste water treatment to reduce turbidity, colour and organic matters. Based on the experimental results, it was concluded that natural coagulants which have been obtained from Moringa oleifera, Azadiratchta indica have shown improved performance of coagulation comparing to commercial alum. The COD and BOD reduction for textile effluent were 68.67 % and 73.33 %. It is also observed that among the two natural coagulants the maximum reduction was observed in Moringa oleifera.

Object detection is a computer technology related to computer vision and image processing that deals with detecting, in digital images and videos, instances of semantic objects of a certain class, such as humans, buildings, cars, etc. Single Shot Multi Box Detector (SSD) is a deep learning method and one of the fastest algorithms which uses a single convolutional neural network to detect the object and also classify the stationary candidate objects in an image. SSD has the advantages of fast speed and high accuracy but is less accurate in detecting small objects compared to large objects. The proposed system is to use the SSD algorithm for a video simulation of a self-driving car to detect person and some suspected type of objects which include backpack, handbag, etc. quickly along with the curvature of the road and also to be able to use in a real time video.

The increment in saving the Electronic Health Records (EHR) of patients has built up a substantial scale dataset. Distributed data services require on a huge scale, for clients to share private information, for example, Electronic Health Records, transactional data for mining or analysis of that information which bringing protection concerns. Recent days, as a result of new social transformation and in addition huge spread of social network many cloud applications increments as per the Big Data-style and make it a challenge for commonly utilized programming tools to capture, process and manage the extensive scale data within an elapsed time. In this paper, we will execute a versatile two-stage top-down specialization way to deal with anonymize expansive scale data indexes of Electronic Health Records utilizing the MapReduce algorithm on the cloud. In the two phases of our undertaking, we will structure a group of innovative MapReduce tasks to achieve the specialization algorithm in a very versatile manner solidly.

Combustion, or burning, has been defined as a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. The modeling of turbulent combustion is complex and requires the consideration of different physico-chemical processes involving a vast range of time and length scales as well as a large number of scalar quantities. In modeling combustion, the fuel was considered as single gas species, the air and products referred to as "lumped species". By implication, therefore the fuel for the combustion was considered a lumped species representing a mixture of gas species that transport together (i.e., the lumped species has a single set of transport properties); the lumbed species was assumed to react together. From our modeling simplication, the lumped species was treated as a single species; consequently, to reduce the number of transport equations from solving explicitly seven transport equations to the lowest possible number of equations we assume a single-step reaction. it is observed that irrespective of the computational frame number as well as the computational timestep, the maximum temperature field is 1000 o C and the maximum heat release rate per unit area is 150 kW/m 2 .

An important criterion in power system is to meet the power demand at minimum fuel cost using an optimal mix of different power plants. Moreover, in order to supply electric power to customers in a secured and economic manner, unit commitment is considered to be one of the best available options. It is thus recognize that the optimal unit commitment results in a great saving for electric utilities. Unit Commitment is the problem of determining the schedule of generating units subject to device and operating constraints. The unit commitment has been identified for the thesis work. The formulation of unit commitment has been discussed and the solution is obtained by classic Dynamic Programming method, Ant Colony Optimization technique and or by Particle Swarm Optimization method. MATLAB codes have been generated for all the three methods to solve the unit commitment problem. The effectiveness of these methods has been tested on two systems comprising three units and six units and total operating cost is obtained. The results of unit commitment problem by all the three methods are compared for total operating cost and for computation time.

Activity Recognition is one among the most imperative period at the back of various applications like human survey system, clinical investigation and it is a functioning examination subject in smart homes and smart health. Smart mobiles are outfitted with various worked in detecting sensors like a gyroscope, accelerometer, GPS sensor and compass sensor. We can structure a device to catch the condition of the user. Activity Recognition (AR) framework takes the unrefined sensor data from compact sensors as sources of information and assessments a human movement using data mining and machine learning systems. In this paper, we examine the execution of two sort calculations i.e. Random Forest (RF) and Modified Random Forest (MRF) in an online Activity Recognition framework running on Android frameworks and this technique can underpin online training and class the utilization of the accelerometer data most successfully. For the most part, first, we utilize the Random Forest classification algorithm related next we tend to use an improvement of Modified Random Forest i.e. MRF. For the rationale of Activity Recognition, Modified Random Forest will expel the computational complexities of the Random Forest through developing decision trees (creating littler preparing units for each activity and class may be done dependent on those diminished preparing sets). We will expect the general execution of these classifiers from a movement of observations on human movements like sitting, walking, running, resting and standing in an online activity recognition contraption. On this paper, we're proposed to break down the general execution of classifiers with constrained preparing records and confined open memory on the smart devices contrasted with offline.

Previous analytical/computational studies on the estimation of fatigue limit of bearing steels under Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) were based on the concept of absence of micro-plasticity near inclusions. However, these studies were based on 2D models rather than realistic 3D models. In present research, the influence of a simplifying 2D finite element modeling assumption on the accuracy of the predicted fatigue limit has been quantified. The results of this study show that a 2D FE model over-predicts the fatigue limit compared to a 3D model in the case of stiff inclusions, and substantially under-predicts it in the case of compliant inclusions and pores. Therefore , it is suggested that use of 3D modeling should be employed, and extreme care must be taken in interpreting the estimates of fatigue limit obtained from 2D models. On a broader scale, the outcomes of this study highlight key differences between 2D versus 3D modeling when studying complex fatigue failure mechanisms such as RCF.

Distributed computing has an advantage in the accessibility of services with least expense and simple adaptability. Cloud gives distinctive services efficiently, however, a few difficulties are present in it. Overall security concerns, synchronization, versatility, and replication are imperative issues. Data replication implies numerous duplicates of the same data in various servers. In distributed computing data replication is putting away numerous duplicates of the same data on various servers, locally or at remote destinations. In the event that information is available at one site, at that point it will be exceptionally dubious to deal with the prerequisites for getting to the data. The server will confront a load situation and system performance may degrade. In this paper, I am going to present Division and Replication of Data in Cloud for Optimal Performance and Security approach for fragment data objects which are uploaded by the data provider and execute a graph-based approach to calculate the distances utilizing the T-Coloring technique to foresee the data nodes for putting fragmented data. This proposed methodology is exceptionally valuable to the data provider for shielding data from assailants. At that point, we expand our methodology for checking consistency in cloud framework at the time of file update. Also, propose a heuristic auditing strategy (HAS) which adds peruses to uncover whatever the number of infringements as could be expected under the circumstances. It tends to be finished by utilizing client activity table. Every user keeps up a User Operation Table for recording local task. Each record in the User Operation Table portrays three components: operation, physical vector, and logical vector. Trial results give enhanced security and reduced recovery time for getting data from the cloud storage and executed in cloud systems.

Aluminum composite material has become the most widely used substrate within the sign and display industry due to the many benefits which this material provides. The properties of composite materials increased by adding various types of fillers as reinforcing materials. These alloy is widely used in various industrial and engineering field aerospace, novel and wear application due to their higher tensile strength, young's modulus and higher wear resistance properties. The paper deals with the development of aluminum alloy composites using Nickel/Copper metal powder filler. The main objective of this to find out the impact of % wt of copper and nickel particulates on different mechanical properties of Al 5083/Cu/Ni/ matrix composites. The result has to be shown that among all the fabricated MMCs, the MMC having 2% wt of Ni and 2% wt of Cu higher compressive strength and highest ultimate tensile strength and the MMC having 3 % wt of Ni and 2 wt % of Cu exhibited having higher impact strength, impact strength among all the fabricated MMCs.

The fault localization is one of the time consuming activities in program debugging, so developers are locating faulty code by ranking program statements according to their likelihood of being faulty. A variety of fault localization techniques utilizing different types of ranking functions have been proposed in the past. So the programmer identifies those diagnosis strategies for a long time. After analyzing various information, it failed to prioritize the test cases so it needs an efficient fault localization, which will diagnosis the localization and prioritize the faults according to its priority. There are several case studies, which improves the high level of diagnosis but in this paper we provide it's reducing testing effort, and provide priority accuracy as far as possible and compared it to the efficiency of two (Back propagation Network & diagnosis matrix) fault localization techniques. The result shows that our approach is highly effective, as we can locate more than 90% of the faults by examining the top 20% of the statements in the ranking list and discuss some of the key issues and concerns that are relevant to fault localization.

This project aims at introducing a regenerating clutching system model. Here electromagnetic clutches are used for power generation. Electrical power is generated through clutch system while clutch is in disengaged position. By this arrangement one can generate excess electrical power which can be used to function additional electrical accessories fitted to vehicles in the recent days. Effective recovery of waste energy is successfully attained with the help of electromagnetic clutch and limit switch assembly. In this work a small conceptual model is created and a motor is used as a substitute of an IC engine for delivering power.

The growing need for energy and the depletion of conventional fuel has forced the man kind to think in direction of non-conventional energy sources. One of the largest sources of non-conventional energy is Sun. The Principle objective of our project is to generate hot water by using solar energy for various applications like processing, Agricultural, Wood treatment, Petrochemical refining. In this system we are using 'Parabolic trough collector'. A parabolic trough solar collector uses an aluminium polishing plate in the shape of parabolic cylinder to reflect and concentrate sun radiations towards the copper pipe located at the focus line of their parabolic cylinder. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy. Later being transported and collected by a fluid medium circulating within the copper pipe. The designing and fabrication of parabolic trough solar water for heating of water was executed, the whole procedure employed includes design, construction and testing stages. The model which is made up of reflector surface, reflector support, copper pipe and a stand with manual arrangement using locally sourced material for rural applications.

Multi operational agriculture wagon operated by SI engine as name suggest is a multipurpose wagon operated by SI engine for agricultural application. Its main function is to spray pesticides over the crops as to save them from pests. Moreover it is a multi-functional machine which can also carry out the function of cutting grass and cleaning the land. Human have successfully developed special equipment's such as using Gtractor operated sprayers but are costly. Hand operated sprayers are available in market but it is tiresome to work with it. So when we are in need to spray pesticide over a whole agriculture land this particular wagon will be perfect and along with it will also cut unwanted grass between the crop. The cost of this agricultural wagon will be feasible for all class of people and moreover the design would be user friendly and convenient in its application. This project has undergone many changes before making its working model to achieve its objective and consumer needs. Multipurpose agriculture wagon can be one of the most useful agriculture equipment. It helps in reducing cost of multiple operations to notable level. Its life span is also very high. The most notable point about this multipurpose agriculture is it doesn't use any external source of power other than power of SI Engine to carry out operations. Both the instruments for operations run with help of mechanical energy of SI Engine only. This wagon can be useful to travel one place to another as it can also work as simple locomotive. It can be parked in small area due to its compact size.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the customer awareness on car insurance policies with special reference to United India Insurance with the important element to improve the customer awareness towards insurance policies based on literature review and case study of successful vehicle Insurance Company. This study mainly focused on customer's awareness and satisfaction level on the car insurance policies offered by the company. Research Design: This research study is mainly based on the method of probability sampling with random sampling techniques, this research study is conducted within shivamogga city with the sample size of 150 respondents from the Primary data which is collected through structured questionnaire as a sample tool for the information's assembly, secondary data is collected by the magazine, journals of the marketing, articles and books, Findings: From the study came to know that respondents or policy holders are not aware about the terms and conditions, procedures of claiming during the time of damage or loss of the insurance policy offered by the company. Results: United India Insurance Corporation is a well-known insurance organization in the field of vehicle insurance Business which is a leading insurance sectors in providing service to the customers and customers are well satisfied with the price of the insurance policies offered by the united India insurance organization to the customers. Conclusion: From this study it is cleared that most of the policy holders are not aware about the procedures, terms and conditions, policies premium calculation procedure based on vehicle ID value, age, model etc. The concept of car insurance policies is very much needed aspects to the people who have owned a car, having car insurance policies makes the customers feel protected from the loss or damage if caused by the accident.

Routing in WSN has dependably been a dangerous issue of concern mainly because of a few components extending from unfriendly deployment conditions, network topology that change over and over, Network failures, resource constraints at each sensor hub to designing of routing protocol issues. Accordingly, the implementation of routing protocol is influenced by a few fundamental elements which must be thought about before any attempt at designed routing are implemented, since these elements may keep the fruitful configuration and implementation of routing protocol if these difficulties are disregarded. Dynamic-Source Routing (DSR) protocol is mainly source based routing protocol and designed to limit the bandwidth consumed by packets in WSN by eliminating the periodic table-update messages required in table-driven approach. The proposed system is Multilayer Buffer Management DSR (MBMDSR) where multilayer buffer management mechanism is implemented in existing DSR protocol.

As the world population increases, so does the demand for transportation. Automobiles, being the most common means of transportation, are one of the main sources of pollution. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the society and to protect the environment, scientists began looking for a new solution to this problem. Before they suggested any answers, the scientists first looked at all aspects surrounding the issue. Solar energy is produced when sunlight strikes the photovoltaic cell. This energizes any electrical or battery found along the way. Developing solar cells to produce electricity has several big challenges, especially in solar cars. The first obstacle that has remained all intrusive in this quest is predicting the sun's availability. The second obstacle is to find an effective method of capturing, converting, and storing the sun energy when it is available. Then finally, the last obstacle is to make this solar energy competitively priced to compete with current cheaper energy sources.

This paper presents design and implementation of vector control of induction motor. This method leads to be able to adjust the speed of the motor by control the frequency and amplitude of the stator voltage of induction motor, the ratio of stator voltage to frequency should be kept constant, which is called as V/F or vector control of induction motor drive. This paper presents a comparative study of open loop and close loop V/F control induction motor. The V/F control is based on advent of stator voltage derivatives. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and results are compared for speed control of induction motor.

Non-biodegradable waste plastic is a staunch global problem. Plastic wastes have harmful effects on the all the biological creatures in the ecosystem. The aim of this study is to solve the problems related to the degradation of waste plastic without harming the environment through 'Economical Concrete and Plastic' (Econplast) technology. It includes bonding of all categories of waste plastic and concrete mixed with specialized 'Economically Concrete Optimizer' (ECO) solution in absence of heat and heating treatment. The experimental setup is divided into four units, plastic waste is converted into granules in the shredding unit, which is then mixed and processed with crush sand, cement and ECO along with water in mixing unit, resulting into plastic mixed concrete, this plastic mixed concrete further molded or compress by vibrating unit and manual brick press unit to obtain different product for infrastructural development. Test samples are prepared with different percentage of plastic, concrete and ECO. Two types of tests have been carried out, i.e. wet test (fluidity and bulk density), mechanical test (compression). Results indicate that there is an improvement in the physical property of concrete with an increase in the percentage of plastic. Furthermore, there is also an acceptable decrement in the mechanical property of concrete. ECO plays an important role in bonding and settling of concrete and waste plastic. In this technology, due to the absence of the heating effect, there is a reduced carbon emission, therefore, reducing the carbon footprints. Waste plastic especially plastic bags and bottles do not only pollute the land but also the oceans and rivers (Conserve Energy Future). Plastic waste is documented in the body of marine animals which effects to injured 400 species of marine animal, 7 species of sea turtle (The Effects of Plastic Waste on Animals, 2015). The USA, China, and India are the major plastic producing countries, and plastic production in India rise to 4.77 MT (Million Ton) in a period of 2005-2006 (TirthankarBanergy, 2012). The Traditional recycling technologies contain heating treatment and create carbon emission, which is responsible to increase carbon footprints. In the past, researchers have carried out studies of plastic mixed with concrete and analyzed its behavior. A proper percentage of fine aggregate replaced by the HDPE plastic may be beneficial to tensile strength development. (CHIEN-CHUNG CHEN, 2015). Waste plastic bag increase the workability, fluidity of concrete significantly (Youcef Ghernouti, 2014). The use of plastic waste in concrete increases the air content of the HDPE concrete, inhibiting the transfer of heat through the slab. (CHIEN-CHUNG CHEN N. J., 2015) In the year 2016 team of C Gopu Mohan introduce the technology to reuse plastic waste in concrete, this technology required heating process on plastic before immersing it with sand particles, the result of this method leads to decrease adhesive strength between waste plastic and sand particles (C Gopu Mohan, 2016). In 2015 Dr. G Kaliavarathan and team presented the technology with similar ideology, this technology contains a heating process on the wet mixture of concrete and plastic (Dr. G Kaliavarathan1, 2015). However, the heating process on the wet mixture of concrete directly affected the water level contain and property of cement (HAGER * , 2013). This paper presents the Econplast manufacturing technology, which is design to reuse plastic with concrete, without indulging in any heating treatment. This technology reuses and recycles all type of waste plastic with special reference to plastic below 50-micron, and produce plastic mixed concrete (Econplast Concrete) that reduce the carbon emission and is environmentally sustainable. This Econplast concrete can be used to make Pavement block, Brick, Road divider, Benches, and different concrete products by molding or compressing. II. MATERIALS In this study, Portland cement is composed with crush sand of grade 0-5mm, waste plastic, and ECO along with water.

Thermal energy storage by Phase Change Material (PCM) is an effective way of energy storage for later use in many applications. As working of electronics components largely affected by temperature, it is necessary to reduce temperature of electronics components. This paper includes study of different heat sinks matrices containing PCM, fins and copper particles. Four matrices have been used. These are: Test section without fins without Cu particles, Test section without fins with Cu particles, Test section with fins without Cu particles and Test section with fins with Cu particles. Results indicated that analysis of heat capacity and thermal conductance evidence that a fin PCM filled heat sink with Cu particle has maximum heat capacity and thermal conductance. Also A uniform temperature distribution is found between heat sink and PCM (paraffin wax) which ensures equally melt fraction of PCM in spatial direction.

3D Printing is one of the most important technological advancement in additive manufacturing which has been implemented and recognized as a part of modern industry as it has many advantages over conventional approach of which one of the most important factor which is time. Generally in fused deposition modeling the component is manufactured using the concept of rapid prototyping and layer by deposition of the material which is done sending the data in to the software of the machine using a stereo lithography (STL) file format made by using modeling software (CAD). In today's world of mechanical engineering the applications of 3D printing are very useful for research and development of various components ranging from simple structures used in everyday life to complicated components in aerospace applications. 3D printing provides many advantages few are simplicity, reliability and precision etc. This makes it one of the most widely used for making components which can be used as concept components. 3D printing is the most widely used additive manufacturing processes is the current industry not only limited to engineering.

Purpose-In the present scenario most of the retailers are following own product brand concept, so Competition in the market is intense and companies have to adopt various marketing strategies for improving their share in the market. Various promotional activities such as sales promotion, direct marketing, publicity and advertisements are used by firms to achieve certain specific marketing objectives. Satisfaction level of the customers plays an important role in marketing. Methodology-We have conducted primary research with 250 sampling size in Davanagere city customers will be selected as target area to carry out the survey, with Non-probability Convenience Sampling Technique is used to select the respondents Discussion-In this context, it is imperative for every company to assess the awareness level, factors influencing selecting particular brand, problems associated with use of retailer brand level and satisfaction level of the customers. Results-This study results can be useful to the players of retail industry to understand their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, will help to understand customers, preference and their needs, Helpful for R&D to concentrate on their present and prospective customers and It enables to retain customers. Conclusion-The outcome of result will be depending upon on the measures to be taken up for designing and implementing appropriate marketing strategies by the companies in future.

The systems that are used to create bio-energy can greatly contribute to reducing greenhouse gases as they have the possibility of reducing the need to use fossil fuels. By providing a non-polluting energy source which is also renewable, the earth is being kept clean of harmful emissions. Biogas is also the ideal way to ensure that all areas have access to electricity. As a fairly cheap source of electricity, biogas is a fuel source that has the power to provide decent energy to the world. Deforestation is the result of trees being cut down and used as fuel for fires in areas where there is no access to electricity. With biogas, the waste that would be there anyway can be used to create fuel. This means that trees do not have to be cut down and plants do not have to be damaged.

IGCC-Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle-is an innovative electric power generation concept that combines modern coal gasification technology with both gas turbine (Brayton cycle) and steam turbine (Rankine cycle) power generation. The technology is highly flexible and can be used for new applications, as well as for repowering older coal-fired plants, significantly improving their environmental performance. IGCC provides feedstock and product flexibility, greater than 40 percent thermal efficiency, and very low pollutant emissions. The first commercial IGCC plants, put into service in the U.S., through DOE's cooperative Clean Coal Technology program, have proven capable of exceeding the most stringent emissions regulations currently applicable to coal-fueled power plants. IGCC is a process system that allows the structural integration of a gasification unit with a standard combined cycle power component. After gasification, coal or other solid or liquid feedstock (e.g., biomass, various oils, etc.) are converted into synthetic gas (also known as syngas), which is comprised predominantly of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The combustible syngas is first typically treated for the removal of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide, mercury, and particular matter and then used in a gas turbine (GT) to produce electricity, whereas the assorted exhaust heat is used to generate steam for a second generation. In this study, Process capability study is applied combining the statistical tools developed from the normal curve and control charts with good engineering judgment to interpret and analyze the data representing the IGCC plant process. Also, this study seeks to determine the variation spread and to find the effect of time on both the average and the spread. The results from this study, it is hoped, would set a pace in administration, analysis and use of the process capability study as an integral part of the quality engineering function; as the input to the work is temperature and pressure at the ten streams of the plant. Results could be used for new design applications, inspection planning and evaluation techniques. All the process capability performance indices were all gotten for all the processes, except the Cpm, which, from the plots, was reported to be undefined. From a visual examination of the process spread, it is observed that the data in the histogram in relation to the lower and upper specification limits is not outside limits. Ideally, the spread of the data is narrower than the specification spread, and all the data are inside the specification limits. Data that are outside the specification limits represent nonconforming items. From visual examination of all results (figures 2 to 10), it is observed that Cpk ≪1.33. The implication of the indices is that there is need for a process improvement, such as reducing its variation or shifting its location. Compare Ppk to a benchmark value that represents the minimum value that is acceptable for your process. Many industries use a benchmark value of 1.33. (https://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab/18/help-and-how-to/quality-and-process-improvement/capability-analysis/how-to/capability-analysis/normal-capability-analysis/interpret-the-results/key-results/). Since all the Ppk are lower than the benchmark, engineers as well as operators of the IGCC plant should consider ways to improve the process.

This project helps to design and fabricate small scale sugarcane cutting machine for sugarcane harvesting to reduce farmer's effort and to increase production of agricultural goods. Compared to manual harvesting this machine has a capacity to cut canes in faster rate. It is economical. This project helps in laying design foundation for any aspiring user to fabricate a machine for application in their farms. It helps improve economic growth of the nation. Moreover, we use wood roller.

As we all know that composite material are widely used in industries because of their incredibly high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios it is very difficult to calculate and analyze with precision the thermal behavior of the walls of different materials attached to each other. The study of composite materials thermal behavior is useful for the determination of heat transfer rate and heat flux. These composite materials which can be implemented to many applications such as thermal ventilations, Insulators, metallic multiwall thermal protection systems, etc. In this study we are going to analyze the thermal behavior of two composites. For finding heat flux and heat flow rate the finite element program ANSYS is used. The experimental test is carried out for heat flux and heat flow rate of composite materials. Experimental Results are compared with the finite element ANSYS results and the validation is done.

This system includes air pollution sensor table, mobile phone's Global Positioning System (GPS), single chip microcontroller, Bluetooth modem. The sensor is a measurable answering hardware tool for a change in the physical condition of air pollution. The analog signal sent by the sensor is digitized by a digital converter and sends the controller to the next process. CO, N, Smoke and Temp sensor gas sensitize and communicate data with a microcontroller. To transmit data on mobile, Bluetooth modem is used with LPC2148. The GPS modem of the mobile is used to send location information. The main purpose of this system is to monitor continuous monitoring at the pollution level provided by various sensors through the Bluetooth modem in the control section. Therefore, a special plan should be taken to control air pollution.

Multiple Input Multiple output (MIMO) antennas can be combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to ensure spatial diversity gain and/or to increase spectral efficiency. MIMO communication system with Alamouti methods can improve the bit error rate (BER) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) thus distortions are reduced for higher data rate. Conventionally OFDM is Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based system, it uses IFFT (Inverse FFT) blocks in the transmitter and FFT blocks in the receiver. Replacing the FFT with Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT) makes the system's performance further improved. This leads to a new scenario of DWPT based MIMO OFDM system. In this work, the STBC-MIMO-OFDM under the scenario of having multiple antennas system, with QAM in Rayleigh fading channel for different values of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) points (8, 32 and 64) are implemented. By evaluating the BER performance and the transmission capacity, it turns out that the DWPT based MIMO-OFDM system is superior compared with the FFT-MIMO-OFDM system. BER performance of the system is analyzed under different channel environments to assess the WPT based MIMO-OFDM performance in order to compare it with FFT based MIMO-OFDM system. In this paper the numerical results of the simulation consist a new contribution and are obtained using MATLAB. The simulation of DWPT-OFDM was accomplished with Haar mother based multicarrier. Whereas for both the latter and the conventional FFT-OFDM were subjected to the same conditions, for the multi-antenna system channel capacity and QAM modulation (8, 32, and 64) points in flat fading channels with AWGN and selective fading channel with AWGN. Computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed wavelet based MIMO-OFDM system outperforms in Alamouti (two transmit antenna and two receive antenna) due to the overlapping nature of DWPT dispensing the addition of cyclic prefix and less hardware complexity as in FFT based MIMO-OFDM.

Today's ration distribution system faces many challenges and lots of issues like illegal smuggling and corruption of goods happens in the ration distribution centers in India. These controversies include irregular measurement of the goods, wrong entries in the manual stock register. Other times the actual goods provided by the government for the distribution does not reach the common people. In our project we have replaced the manual work done in the distribution centers by smart measuring automated electronic and secured device by entering the Aadhar number which is provided by the government. With the help of Arduino microcontroller which measures the goods accurately and updates it in data base periodically about the availability of goods and information regarding the transactions done in a digitalized manner. Here, to have access to the information and data regarding the stock a main data base is created which can be access by both common consumers of that particular locality and by the government main stream invigilators for distribution centers from their head office. Therefore, this project ensures corruption free ration centers working system which will also enhance the direct communication of the consumers with the government and will defiantly provide transparency.

Our project is about zero waste campus, a feasibility study. Zero Waste means that all unwanted products and materials will be treated as resources that can be used again, resulting in virtually zero garbage generated on campus. This project focusses on reducing overall waste disposal as part of zero waste action plan. Waste reduction in the campus and reuse of waste like using anaerobic digester to generate biogas from campus waste are the key goals of the present study. Our aim is to achieve campus area that is clean and hygienic, and reduce the burden of solid waste in dump yards. Zero Waste Management should include discard management through recycling and composting, and also must incorporate waste reduction and environmentally preferred purchasing practices. Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically to avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers have been used in fiber reinforced concrete, but poor dispensability of PET, due to low wettability, cause reduce strength of the fiber reinforced concrete. However, the hydrophobic nature of PET surface results poor wettability with ionic surface of cement, sand and other concrete admixture, proper bonding between the hydrophobic PET and hydrophilic cement matrix is possible with surface modification of polyester fiber. In present work attempt to modify the PET fiber surface by chemical treatment at ambient temperature and see the effects on compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. A comparison will be drawn between all these materials. In this project treated polyester fiber was used to prepare fiber reinforced concrete. The polyester fiber was used at different percentages (0%, 0.20%, 0.25%, & 0.30%) by weight of cement and comparison of strength of concrete for treated fiber reinforced concrete at different percentage was carried out. The concrete samples were prepared (cube, cylinder & beam) and cured in normal water for 7, 28 and 56 days. The study was carried out to see the effect of acidic rain on fiber reinforced concrete. Acidic water was prepared by using the concentrated HCl in deionized water respectively. To see the environmental effect, the Concrete samples were cured in acidic for 56 days. The samples were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength and found that 0.25% of PET fiber by weight of cement may be recommended for optimum dose. The studies indicate that the dispersion of treated fiber in concrete was better with respect to normal fiber. The fiber reinforced concrete was also more resistance against acidic environment with respect to normal concrete. In all aspects, the treated fibre reinforced concrete was found better than normal reinforced concrete.

To increase the security of the data stored in cloud. Cloud computing is the most promising concept, which increase as rapidly as the time passes by. In Cloud computing the data of the user is stored in server and the security of the data is the prime duty of the service provider of the cloud, hence it tries to ensure security of the data of the customer, but generally it fails to do so. As the service provider does not know if the actual user has logged in or not. So as a solution to this problem, the proposal is, the concept of Implementing Variable OTP Authentication over the existing Honey pot mechanism in Cloud Computing. In this proposed work, authentication is done if the actual user has logged in or not by sending an OTP to the registered mobile number, this OTP can be variable in the sense that the user can choose the number of digit of the OTP as to how long must the OTP is to be sent and also the type of OTP whether numeric or alpha numeric. If authentication is successful user can access it's data over the cloud else by the use of Honey pot technology on consecutive three wrong login attempts the users id gets locked and gets stored in the database and further the user is barred from logging. By using this concept security architecture in cloud is increased. This proposed work is more robust and secure than the previous approach.