Manuscrito

... | Ayuda. Ockham's razor and Chateaubriand's goatee. Autores: Guido Imaguire; Localización: Manuscrito: revista internacional de filosofía, ISSN 0100-6045, Vol. 31, Nº. 1, 2008 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Logic, language, and knowledge ...

This paper examines the notion of emergence from the perspective of pragmatism, drawing special attention to Donald Davidson’s recent account of the emergence of thought and to Hilary Putnam’s pragmatic realism, which, we argue, can be applied to the question of the reality of emergent properties. Our overall conclusion is that the debate over the concept of emergence actively going on in contemporary metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science should be focused more strongly on the realism issue, even though most emergentists (and their critics) tend to assume a rather straightforward metaphysical realism – a view that ought to be called into question on pragmatist grounds.

Drawing inspiration from Fred Dretske, L. S. Carrier, John A. Barker, and Robert Nozick, we develop a tracking analysis of knowing according to which a true belief constitutes knowledge if and only if it is based on reasons that are sensitive to the fact that makes it true, that is, reasons that wouldn’t obtain if the belief weren’t true. We show that our sensitivity analysis handles numerous Gettier-type cases and lottery problems, blocks pathways leading to skepticism, and validates the epistemic closure thesis that correct inferences from known premises yield knowledge of the conclusions. We discuss the plausible views of Ted Warfield and Branden Fitelson regarding cases of knowledge acquired via inference from false premises, and we show how our sensitivity analysis can account for such cases. We present arguments designed to discredit putative counterexamples to sensitivity analyses recently proffered by Tristan Haze, John Williams and Neil Sinhababu, which involve true stateme...

La estereotomía fue una rama fundamental para el diseño y talla de elementos arquitectónicos realizados en piedra. En el tratado de Alonso de Vandelvira se puede ver la secuencia teórica de los ejercicios geométricos que canteros y arquitectos tenían a su disposición para la planificación de estructuras y edificios. Hasta el momento este tratado ha sido valorado únicamente por sus contenidos. A partir del análisis codicológico de las dos copias manuscritas conocidas más completas por las que se conoce el tratado, este artículo pretende introducir otros aspectos en la discusión sobre el desarrollo de los ejercicios.

    Stereotomy was a fundamental branch of the design and carving of architectural features in stone Alonso de Vandelvira’s treatise allows us to study the theoretical geometrical exercises available to stonemasons and architects when planning structures and buildings. Up to now this treatise has been studied exclusively for its content. This paper draws upon a codicological analysis of the two most complete copies known of the treatise in order to introduce other aspects of those exercises’ evolution.

Marcelo Dascal destaca en diversos articulos en los que analiza las consecuencias de la concepcion pragmatica del significado, la importancia de estudiar la estructura dialogica (incluyendo la teoria de la semantica de juegos) de la controversia argumentativa tanto epistemologica como logica para la formulacion de un concepto de conocimiento alternativo al concepto representacional y computacional usual en las ciencias cognitivas. Ahora bien, se supone que la logica linear es el instrumento mas apropiado para describir procesos computacionales de deduccion. Ironicamente, las semanticas formales usuales, que podrian utilizarse para una fundamentacion representacional de la logica linear han sido hasta ahora mas bien infructuosas. Es mas, parece que la semantica de la logica linear es esencialmente pragmatica y basada en una estructura dialogica. Objetivo de este trabajo es discutir una nueva semântica para la logica linear que destaca precisamente los fundamentos pragmaticos de tales...

The aim of this paper is to frame briefly Chateaubriand’s conception of logical forms in the distinction between logic and language as calculus and logic as universal language, devised by Jean van Heijenoort and later generalized by Jaakko Hintikka. The most important reasons to connect Chateaubriand’s conception with this distinction are perhaps Chateaubriand’s criticism of the linguistic approach to logical forms and the role Chateaubriand assigns to symbolism in his own account. Resumo:O proposito deste artigo e localizar brevemente a concepcao de forma logica de Chateaubriand com relacao a distincao entre logica e linguagem como calculo e logica como linguagem universal, introduzida por Jean van Heijenoort e depois generalizada por Jaako Hintikka. Talvez a razao mais importante para conectar a concepcao de Chateaubriand com esta distincao sejam suas criticas ao tratamento linguistico das formas logicas, e o papel que Chateaubriand atribui ao simbolismo em seu proprio tratamento....

1 E. Husserl, Logische Untersuchungen, 2 Bande (Halle: Max Niemeyer, 19001901). Husserl himself oversaw the publications of four editions: a revised Second Edition of the Prolegomena and first five Investigations in 1913, a revised Edition of the Sixth Investigation in 1921, a Third Edition with minor changes in 1922, and a Fourth in 1928. A critical edition, which also includes Husserl's written emendations and additions to his own copies (Handexemplai), has appeared in the Husserliana series in two volumes: Volume XVIII, Logische Untersuchungen. Erster Band: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik. Text der 1. und der 2. Auflage, hrsg. Elmar Holenstein (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1975), and Volume XIX, Logische Untersuchungen. Zweiter Band: Untersuchungen zur PhiinomenoloJ!ie und Theone der Erkenntnis, in zwei Banden, hrsg. Ursula Panzer (Dordrecht:

In this paper, we discuss a family of arguments that show the inconsistency of the concept of omniscience, which is one of the central attributes of the theistic God. We introduce three member of this family: Grim's Divine Liar Paradox, Milne's Paradox and our own Divine Curry. They can be seen as theological counterparts of well-known semantic paradoxes. We argue that the very simple dialetheist response to these paradoxes doesn't work well and then introduce our own response based on a framework that we call Logic of Impossible Truth (LIT). LIT is a non-dialetheist paraconsistent logic designed to represent divine ominiscience and to preserve the transparency of the truth predicate and which semantics rests on the concept of situation. Since some rules of classical logic are not valid in LIT, we are in a position to block the derivation of the paradoxes. Thus, LIT offers a way out of the dilemma of accepting that there are true contradictions (dialetheism) or giving up the idea that there is an all-powerful, omniscient and perfectly good being (atheism).

We give a version of L´os’ ultraproduct result for forcing in Kripke structures in a first-order language with equality and discuss ultrafilters in a topology naturally associated to a partial order. The presentation also includes background material so as to make the exposition accessible to those whose main interest is Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence and/or Philosophy.

... L'important n'est certes pas qu'ils soient tous deux Viennois d'origine, ni que l'un et l'autre aient voulu marquer leur amitié réciproque en se dédiant un ... 1 IC Jarvie, «Popper on the Difference between the Natural and the Social Sciences», in Paul Levinson (ed.), In Pursuit of Truth ...

In this paper I am concerned with the problem of applying the notion of rigidity to general terms. In Naming and Necessity, Kripke has clearly suggested that we should include some general terms among the rigid ones, namely, those common nouns semantically correlated with natural substances, species and phenomena, in general, natural kinds -‘water’, ‘tiger’, ‘heat’- and some adjectives - ‘red’, ‘hot’, ‘loud’. However, the notion of rigidity has been defined for singular terms; after all, the notion that Kripke has provided us with is the notion of a rigid designator. But general terms do not designate single individuals: rather, they apply to many of them. In sum, the original concept of rigidity cannot be straightforwardly applied to general terms: it has to be somehow redefined in order to make it cover them. As is known, two main positions have been put forward to accomplish that task: the identity of designation conception, according to which a rigid general term is one that des...

Neste artigo tratamos, de um ponto de vista formal e filosófico, com alguns conceitos que fazem parte da química usual. As teorias da química, e seus conceitos, normalmente são apresentadas de um ponto de vista informal (não axiomatizada), e isso pode trazer dificuldades filosóficas (embora a química propriamente - bem como também as outras disciplinas da ciência aplicada - pareçam não sofrer qualquer restrição quanto a isso). Aqui estaremos ocupados em um aspecto parti-cu-lar, que diz respeito à indiscernibilidade de alguns objetos básicos da química, tais como átomos, moléculas, bem como de seus componentes. Começamos com uma visão geral da identidade destes compostos e seus componentes a partir de uma perspectiva filosófica e, em seguida, mostramos em que sentido o conceito de identidade dos compostos químicos é problemático em relação ao conceito correspondente de identidade na lógica e matemática clássicas (que, como em geral é suposto, estão 'alicerçando' as teorias qu...