Computers Technology

Feature Reduction is a kind of dimensionality reduction of feature space. There are a number of approaches are used to identify the significant features but they are not using the weighing approach. The weighing approach is quite useful for obtaining the significant features and removing the insignificant and irrelevant features using OWA formulation. The aim of this approach is to obtain the significant features and removing insignificant features by using the pairwise approach. This approach is helpful to find the weights of pairwise features at the same time, which leads to remove the insignificant features from the feature space using OWA. The significance of the OWA formulation is that, the paired features are identified in priori and their sum of weights are equal to 1. OWA criterion is introduced to obtain the significant features that are useful for predicting the accuracy of the cluster in GMM.

With the fast progress of MIMO technology and its growing applications in the mobile ad hoc networks, it is important to develop a technique to enable more efficient MIMO implemented mobile ad hoc network. The simple, yet powerful concept of an bit error rate (BER) performance calculation with respect to bit energy to noise spectral density ratio (Eb/N0) of a typical transmit diversity scheme with various number of transmit and receiving antennas. Different diversity technique for mimo based mobile ad hoc network using space time block codes are demonstrated to show the superiority in performance of MIMO over single-antenna routing schemes, particularly at high SNR.

Analysis of diseases integrating multi-factors increases the complexity of the problem and therefore, development of frameworks for the analysis of diseases is an issue that is currently a topic of intense research. Due to the inter-dependence of the various parameters, the use of traditional methodologies has not been very effective. Consequently, newer methodologies are being sought to deal with the problem. Supervised Learning Algorithms are commonly used for performing the prediction on previously unseen data. These algorithms are commonly used for applications in fields ranging from image analysis to protein structure and function prediction and they get trained using a known dataset to come up with a predictor model that generates reasonable predictions for the response to new data. Gene expression profiles generated by DNA analysis experiments can be quite complex since these experiments can involve hypotheses involving entire genomes. The application of well-known machine le...

Face recognition has been largely used in biometric field as a security measure at air ports, passport verif ication, criminals ' list verification, visa processing, and so on. Various literature studies suggested different approaches for face recognition systems and most of these studies have limitations with low performance rates. Eigenfaces and principle component analysis (PCA) can be considered as most important face recognition approaches in the literature. There is a need to develop algorithms and approaches that overcome these disadvantages and improve performance of face recognition systems. At the same time, there is a lack of literature studies which are related to face recognition systems based on EigenFaces and PCA. Therefore, this work includes a comparative study of literature researches related to Eigenfaces and PCA for face recognition systems. The main steps, strengths and limitations of each study will be discussed. Many recommendations were suggested in this...

Cloud computing is the dynamic delivery of information technology resources and capabilities as a service over the Internet. Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. It generally incorporates infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS). [1] Load balancing is one of the biggest challenges in the cloud computing. The concept of load balancing is to equally distribute the workload, resources across all the nodes to guarantee that all the nodes have equal load i.e. no single node is over loaded. As we all know that cloud computing services are mainly product based so in this approach we are using different product based priority queues for different services.

Multimedia communication is the new age of communication. The image communication is one of most popular multimedia communication. This type of communication always faces problem of security. The communication breaching rate is rising very rapidly. The image privacy is facing a bigger threat. In this paper, we represent a new approach for image encryption and decryption by using pixel shifting and based on Quasigroup(Latin Square) without performing translation, through which there is low computational requirement. In this we apply new type of encryption and decryption here we used Quasigroup as a key. Image pixel reshuffling is done randomly and non-repeated manner.

Face recognition has been largely used in biometric field as a security measure at air ports, passport verification, criminals' list verification, visa processing, and so on. Various literature studies suggested different approaches for face recognition systems and most of these studies have limitations with low performance rates. Eigenfaces and principle component analysis (PCA) can be considered as most important face recognition approaches in the literature. There is a need to develop algorithms and approaches that overcome these disadvantages and improve performance of face recognition systems. At the same time, there is a lack of literature studies which are related to face recognition systems based on EigenFaces and PCA. Therefore, this work includes a comparative study of literature researches related to Eigenfaces and PCA for face recognition systems. The main steps, strengths and limitations of each study will be discussed. Many recommendations were suggested in this st...

Abstract–In Cellular networks, number of users increase in an exponential manner. As a result of this exponential growth of users, overloading of the system takes place. Besides this, unacceptable delays and high computational cost create a strong prerequisite for efficient location management techniques. Motivated by this fact, a novel user profile based (UPB) scheme is proposed in this paper to track the location of the mobile users.

The study was conducted to examine the impact of on-the- job training on employee performance by using a questionnaire for collecting responses from the sample to check the above relation through SPSS 16. Data reduction technique was used to form the factors from number of variables and then linear regression was applied by putting employee performance as a dependent variable and training as a independent variable. Study concluded that 50% of employee performance depends on- the- job training. 

This study aims to develop and design an on-line hotel reservation and management system for the College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management of the Lyceum of the Philippines University, Batangas Campus. It presents user-friendly features that will familiarize CITHM students on the online hotel reservation system, evaluate it and highlight the benefits it can provide to the college and staff. In addition, it will purvey supplement material in their front desk operation course. The researchers used the System Development Life Cycle and Microsoft Web Developer 2008 as the programming language. The developed software served as a tool for the students of CITHM to familiarize them on how to operate an online hotel reservation system. The developed software was an effective aid for the instructors in teaching the basic operations of hotel reservation system to their students. It also provided online security to protect privacy and financial information of clients.

In this paper we give an overview of some routing protocols which can improve the efficiency and scalability of wireless sensor networks. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network consisting of ten to thousand small nodes with sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. WSN are generally used to monitor activities and report events, such as pollution parameters, healthcare issues, fire info etc. in a specific area or environment. It routs data back to the Base Station (BS). Data transmission is usually a multi-hop from node to node towards the BS. This type of networks is limited in power, computational and communication bandwidth. The main goal of all researchers is to find out the energy efficient routing protocol which will improve considerably networks resources in term of prolonging lifetime of sensor nodes. Also we highlight the various routing protocol with advantages and limitations as well. 

Linguistic competence, communicative competence, and interactional competence have had profound impact on second language teaching, learning, and testing. Although a significant number of studies have been conducted on these three competences, they have not been conflated for discussion in a single study. Adding this piece to the jigsaw, the current paper explores all the three competences in more depth. This paper had a twin purpose of 1) providing a historical account of the linguistic, communicative and interactional competences, and 2) reviewing of the literature on them in order to identify gaps, if any, with the intention to propose new research ideas pertinent to the three types of competence. In order to achieve the study aims, intensive literature survey was conducted.  Based on the review of the related studies on linguistic, communicative and interactional competences, this article provides recommendations for effective classroom practice and future research.  

Multimedia communication is the new age of communication. The image communication is one of most popular multimedia communication. This type of communication always faces problem of security. The communication breaching rate is rising very rapidly. The image privacy is facing a bigger threat. In this paper, we represent a new approach for image encryption and decryption by using pixel shifting and based on Quasigroup(Latin Square) without performing translation, through which there is low computational requirement. In this we apply new type of encryption and decryption here we used Quasigroup as a key. Image pixel reshuffling is done randomly and non-repeated manner.

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) can be used as a decision support system by physicians in the diagnosis and treatmentof disordered speech especially those who specialize in neurophysiology diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is aprogressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. It develops gradually, sometimes starting with a barelynoticeable tremor in speech. It has been found that 80% of persons with PD reported speech and voice disorders.Parkinson's disease symptoms worsen as the condition progresses over time. Therefore, Speech may become soft orslurred and these deficits in speech intelligibility impact on health status and quality of life. Different researchers arecurrently working in the analysis of speech signal of people with PD, including the study of different dimensions in speechsuch as phonation, articulation, prosody, and intelligibility. Here, we present the characteristics and features of normalspeech and speech disorders in people with PD and t...

Internet usage is rapidly increasing in every field of life. Internet coverage is wide either it is textile, pharmaceutical or education sectors. In every sectors where internet envisions are exist, there objects must be connected with each other. When we discussed the objects are connected with each other, a word internet of things (IoT) must exist there. IoT covers iPads, mobile phones, digital camera etc. These devices provide us our basic needs when they connected each other. Sharing of services or concept of virtualization is also part of IoT and also called cloud computing. Cloud computing is said to be sharing of services or resources using internet as a connection. Cloud based resources can be distributed all over the world. It is among most popular technology in developed countries and they are trying to made green solution of its resources. Datacenters of cloud computing systems are wasting a terrific amount of energy, hence emits carbon dioxide. Under developed counties l...

This paper proposes a new hybrid swarm intelligence algorithm that encompasses the feature of three major swarm algorithms. It combines the fast convergence of the Cuckoo Search (CS), the dynamic root change of the Firefly Algorithm (FA), and the continuous position update of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The Compound Swarm Intelligence Algorithm (CSIA) will be used to solve a set of standard benchmark functions. The research study compares the performance of CSIA with that of CS, FA, and PSO, using the same set of benchmark functions. The comparison aims to test if the performance of CSIA is Competitive to that of the CS, FA, and PSO algorithms denoting the solution results of the benchmark functions.

Currently there is an increasing interest in data mining and educational systems, making educational data mining as a new growing research community. Higher education, throughout the world is delivered through universities, colleges affiliated to various universities and some other recognized academic institutes. The main objective of higher education institutes is to provide quality education to its students. Indian education sector has a lot of data that can produce valuable information which can be used to increase the quality of education. Good prediction of student’s success in higher learning institution is one way to reach the higher level of quality in higher education system. In this paper we analyzed the potential use of data mining in education section and survey the most relevant work in this area. Data Mining can be used for dropout students, student’s academic performance, teacher’s performance and student’s complaints. As we know large amount of data is stored...

Linguistic competence, communicative competence, and interactional competence have had a profound impact on second language teaching, learning, and testing. Although a substantial number of studies have been conducted on these three competences, they have not been conflated for discussion in a single study. Adding this piece to the jigsaw, the current paper explores these three competences in depth. This paper had a twin purpose of 1) providing a historical account of the linguistic, communicative and interactional competences, and 2) reviewing of the literature on them in order to identify gaps, if any, with the intention to propose new research ideas pertinent to the three types of competences. In order to achieve the study aims, an intensive literature survey was conducted. Based on the review of the related research on linguistic, communicative and interactional competences, this article offers recommendations for effective classroom practice and future research.

Cloud computing is Internet ("cloud") based development and use of computer technology ("computing"). It is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. Cloud computing uses the internet and the central remote servers to support different data and applications. It is an internet based technology. It permits the users to approach their personal files at any computer with internet access. The cloud computing flexibility is a function of the allocation of resources on authority’s request. Cloud computing provides the act of uniting. Scientific computing in the 21st century has evolved from fixed to distributed work environment. The current trend of CloudComputing (CC) allows accessing business applications from anywhere just by connecting to the Internet. Evidence shows that, switching to CC organizations' annual expenditure and maintenance are being reduced to a greater extent. H...

This paper proposes a hybrid ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) controller with DMRAC (Direct Model Reference Adaptive Control) and mathematical modeling of the kinematic and dynamic solutions. The controller was hybrid with a classical controller, and was designed for a spherical-wristed 6-DOF elbow manipulator. The manipulator’s trajectory overshoot and settling time affect movement; their minimization was thus aimed for. The whole manipulator-controller system was modeled and simulated on MATLAB Version 2011a and Robotics Toolbox 9. To increase accuracy, the ANFIS controller was trained to use many paths in rules and memberships selection. A 3D display model for the manipulator was built in MATLAB. The simulation of the design had done by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK through connection the design with 3D model. Satisfactory results show the hybrid controller’s capacity for precision and speed, both of which are higher than a classical controller’s alone.

Mobile communication emergence has brought a whole palette of new possibilities in information sharing not only for individual development but also for national growth. New mobile information devices such as Personal Digital Assistants, Smart-phones, i-phones and the like put forward several advantages for personal assistance to the mobile users. They can present up-to-date spatial/non-spatial information in a very individual, dynamic, and flexible way for the mobile users. Mobile communication devices can provide and run many other services and applications which are aimed at presenting to the mobile users the right information in the right moment and at the right place. This improves the economics and strengthens the national growth and development. The evaluations of mobile communication development projects are required in order to have a better understand on its impact on nations’ economic, politics and social growth. The research identifies the roles of mobile communication ...

Linguistic competence, communicative competence, and interactional competence have had a profound impact on second language teaching, learning, and testing. Although a substantial number of studies have been conducted on these three competences, they have not been conflated for discussion in a single study. Adding this piece to the jigsaw, the current paper explores these three competences in depth. This paper had a twin purpose of 1) providing a historical account of the linguistic, communicative and interactional competences, and 2) reviewing of the literature on them in order to identify gaps, if any, with the intention to propose new research ideas pertinent to the three types of competences. In order to achieve the study aims, an intensive literature survey was conducted. Based on the review of the related research on linguistic, communicative and interactional competences, this article offers recommendations for effective classroom practice and future research.

The business activities of traditional industrial companies have commonly focused on products and product-related services. Digital pioneers have evolved their offerings into product-service systems that are networked, intelligent, personalized, and adaptable. The speed at which business models must change continues to be underestimated by many market participants, especially when order books are well filled and the pressure to change appears to be low. Industrial and service companies need to adapt to the changes induced by new market players better today than tomorrow to secure future business success and remain competitive in the digital age. The aim of this article is to intensify the debate on digital business model innovation in industry and the service sector and to enrich it with practical examples of the successful implementation of artificial intelligence in products and services.

Collaborative filtering is a popular approach in recommender Systems that helps users in identifying the items they may like in a wagon of items. Finding similarity among users with the available item ratings so as to predict rating(s) for unseen item(s) based on the preferences of likeminded users for the current user is a challenging problem. Traditional measures like Cosine similarity and Pearson correlation’s correlation exhibit some drawbacks in similarity calculation. This paper presents a new similarity measure which improves the performance of Recommender System. Experimental results on MovieLens dataset show that our proposed distance measure improves the quality of prediction. We present clustering results as an extension to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Facebook occupies an important part of people's time and life due to the recent developments in the field of communication technologies (CT). This paper aims at investigating the Facebook impact (FI) on undergraduate students at Charmo University. Moreover, Facebook also has a great impact on students' life studies at universities. However, in addition to its benefits, Facebook also has some side effects on students' life study. In regard to data collection, an online survey was used in which 15 questions were answered by 100 participants from different faculties at Charmo University. The data collection process was conducted from First of March to 30 of April 2016. The program of SPSS was used to analyze the results of the survey. The results of the current study shows that students spend a significant amount of their times on using Facebook.

The deployment of Information Communication Technology in the Road sector has contributed positively towards achieving the national goal of ICT for infrastructure development. However, the deployment of ICT software for Road infrastructure in underdeveloped countries has been done with duplication of efforts contributing to software failure. This study aimed in evaluating the effectiveness and economic values of the Road Maintenance Management System in Tanzania.  The study deployed System Usability Scale Framework in 26 regions of Tanzania, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for significance testing. The result indicates positive response of adopting and scaling the Road Maintenance Management System to all 26 regions in the country with R2=0.863. The usability of the system remains steady for almost three years from 2017 to 2019. The economic value of system is found to be above average (61%), while the value for money is found to reach 76.5% of the expectation. It is therefore conc...

In 21st century learning, students use educational technologies to apply knowledge to new situations, analyse information, collaborate, solve problems, and make decisions. Utilising emerging technologies, to provide expanded learning opportunities, is critical to the success of future generations. In this paper, the author will share the findings on the usage of CIDOS and Social Network Sites in teaching and learning processes at Malaysian Polytechnics. Two sets of questionnaires were distributed to a group of 84 diploma students and 41 lecturers from Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, Politeknik Merlimau, Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Politeknik Kota Kinabalu, and Politeknik Sultan Idris Shah.The results of the study show the existence of communication and interaction difficulties in existing Learning Management Systems (LMS). As a recommendation for future research, it is suggested to integrate current LMS with Facebook to support Online Collaborative Learning (OCL).

ECG is a bio-medical signal which records the electrical activity of the heart versus time. They are important for diagnostic and research purposes of the human heart. In this paper we discuss a method of feature extraction which is an inevitable step in most approaches in diagnosing abnormalities in the heart. A web application is developed which extracts features of ECG signal like ST segment, QRS wave, etc. and use these features for identifying whether a person suffers from any of the four levels of stress, that is, Hyper Acute stress (Myocardial Infarction), Acute stress (Type A), Hyper Chronic stress (Ischemia) or Chronic Stress (Type B). The application is built using a decision support system formed by extensive learning of behavior of the signals of various persons. 

This paper attempts to discover ransomware exposing the lack of cyber-security. It intends to elicit attention with regards to ransomware, a newly emerged cyber threat and to help organizations; IT practitioners understand the need for cyber security knowledge and awareness plus types of tools used. The paper also discusses methodologies trends and research recommendation on cyber-security threats and provides probative strategic strategy.

In recent times, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have become a familiar form of business organization. They have a significant contribution on economic development creating significant number of jobs around the world. Elo (2005) mentions; SMEs are the largest source of employment which plays a considerable role at regional and international level enhancing innovativeness. According to the European commission the ratio of SMEs to the number of inhabitants are 58 SMEs per 1000 inhabitants (European commission 2011). Total workforce generated by SMEs was 33% on private sector in 2005 and it has increased to 59% (European Commission 2011). SMEs were struggling with economic and financial crises in 2008. Despite this fact, recent research has shown that most of the SMEs are in recovering phase. Nevertheless,SMEs have been contributing significant amount of growth in the economy. Therefore, the importance of SMEs cannot be neglected. Furthermore, SMEs are generating approximatel...

In this era of communication network, we can access any website or contact any person with the help of internet or telephone anywhere in the world without knowing where the website is hosted and without knowing where the person is located. This all is done within a few seconds very efficiently. But the question comes out how it is done? And the answer is that, it is only done with the help of network routing. In this paper we review the IP routing and its protocols.

The growing availability of mobile devices across developing countries and coupled with increase awareness of mobile learning as well as the use of mobile devices for laboratory practical warrant the exploration of its wider application in learning. This study explored the factors that contribute to the successful implementation of mobile virtual laboratory in a developing country. A Nigerian higher institution was selected because of its peculiar location in a rural area and was important in the evaluation of the Internet penetration in rural areas of Nigeria for m-Learning. A designed questionnaire for need analysis was distributed to 132 consented participants and the resulting data were analysed using SPSS-21. The study shows that the term mobile learning was not too new to majority of the learners as (44.7%) indicated that they had heard about it. However majority of the respondents (78.8%) had never heard about Mobile Virtual Laboratories. MTN data plan was mostly used for Int...

The speed control of Induction motor is done using the advance AI Technique methods. In this System the vector control scheme in the stator flux oriented reference frame is used for controlling the variable speed Induction motor. For this the conventional Speed PI controller and Current PI Controllers are tuned and the responses are observed. The Conventional Speed PI Controller is then replaced by the Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller to observe the various responses of the system. The fuzzy Logic Speed Controller is designed and tuned in such a way to obtain better and fast sped responses of the system. Simulation results reveal that the fuzzy-controller improves the performance of variable speed Induction Motor in terms of speed and Power factor

In present scenario Network Management System of Next Generation SDH is not performing Offline reporting, offline analysis of alarms, offline performance management and Configurations of network like real time. Any offline configuration of a network when implemented on a real time environment leaves some shortcomings and wrong configuration attributes due to non-availability of Alarms and Performance Management in the presently available offline utility. A simulated platform is developed for implementation of a traffic matrix in an offline environment before implementing over a real time NG SDH Transmission network to reduce the chance of faults or any network disaster.

In this paper we have studied and implement the color image steganography using LSB, DFT and DWT. First we have studied the various literatures of LSB, DFT and DWT and then implemented one system in which we can do steganography using these techniques, after implementation we have evaluated the results using these techniques applying various image formats against different message size. For each of the cases we have calculated  the MSE and PSNR and presented here in a tabulated form. Our main intention is to show how MSE and PSNR changes with respect to different image formats and different message sizes using these techniques. Besides the analysis of MSE and PSNR we have also analyzed the message insertion and message extraction time for all the cases.

Recently Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is an active research. This paper proposes a technique to retrieve images based on color feature and evaluate the retrieval system performance. In this retrieval system Euclidean distance and City block distance are used to measure similarity of images. This algorithm is tested by using Corel image database which is provided by James Wang.  The performance of retrieval system is measured in terms of its recall and precision.  The effectiveness of retrieval system is also measured based on Average Rank (AVRR) of all relevant retrieves images and Ideal Average Rank of relevant images (IAVRR). The experimental results show that city block has achieved higher retrieval performance than Euclidean distance.

This paper attempts to discover ransomware exposing the lack of cyber-security. It intends to elicit attention with regards to ransomware, a newly emerged cyber threat and to help organizations; IT practitioners understand the need for cyber security knowledge and awareness plus types of tools used. The paper also discusses methodologies trends and research recommendation on cyber-security threats and provides probative strategic strategy.

Linguistic competence, communicative competence, and interactional competence have had a profound impact on second language teaching, learning, and testing. Although a substantial number of studies have been conducted on these three competences, they have not been conflated for discussion in a single study. Adding this piece to the jigsaw, the current paper explores these three competences in depth. This paper had a twin purpose of 1) providing a historical account of the linguistic, communicative and interactional competences, and 2) reviewing of the literature on them in order to identify gaps, if any, with the intention to propose new research ideas pertinent to the three types of competences. In order to achieve the study aims, an intensive literature survey was conducted. Based on the review of the related research on linguistic, communicative and interactional competences, this article offers recommendations for effective classroom practice and future research.

The importance of the prioritization in commercial software development has been analyzed by many researchers. The gathered requirements are required to be put into an order of some priority. In other words we can say that there is a need to prioritize the requirements. It is evident that most of the approaches and techniques proposed in recent research to prioritize the requirements have not been widely adopted. These approaches are too complex, time consuming, or inconsistent and difficult to implement In this paper we propose a fuzzy based approach for requirement prioritization in which  requirement are prioritized in early phase of requirement engineering as post elicitation step. This category of prioritization is known as early requirement prioritization. The proposed fuzzy based approach considers the nature of requirements by modeling their attributes as fuzzy variables. As such, these variables are integrated into a fuzzy based inference system in which the requirements r...