Data Hiding

This paper proposes a novel data hiding
scheme that employs human visual sensitivity (HVS)
to hide a large amount of secret bits into a still
image with a high imperceptibility. In this method,
the cover image is divided into sub-blocks of semihexagonal shape. The embedding technique is
based on pixel value difference (PVD) approach.
The semi-hexagonal (SH-PVD) technique enjoys
better objective and subjective qualities over the
standard PVD methods.
It has been found that the capacity of the
proposed algorithm is higher than that of the most
recent published algorithms. The simulation results
give an increased in the capacity ranged between
10348 to 366637 bits. The visual quality of the
cover images is of excellent quality. The new
algorithm adds no complexity to the existing PVD
methods.

During the last decades, Steganography has found many applications. Many steganographic systems have been developed and used in various areas, e.g., in digital assets (DRM), Telecommunications, Medicine etc. In this paper, we prove that the set CF, which is a union of a certain set of Fibonacci numbers and a certain set of Catalan numbers, satisfies conditions, similar to those of Zeckendorf's Theorem. Therefore, it can be used for the encoding of data. Using this result, we propose a method that improves the Fibonacci data hiding technique.

Steganography is the science of hiding information or transmitting secret messages in a given host carrier for the purpose of enhancing value through undetectable covers. The paper focuses on the existent methods used with ipv4 and studies the various algorithms. Transfer of data over the internet crosses the different layers of the TCP and IP protocols. Each layer has its own characteristics, which indicate the scenarios in which it can best be used. Information can be hidden in the transport and network layers by usage of optional fields, semantic changes, and improper but acceptable construction of protocol data units (packets). Protocol steganography is the scheme to bypass the firewall. The TCP/IP has the following hidden channels namely the manipulation of HTML, XML, HTTP, UDP, TCP, IP, ICMP, Ethernet (CSMA/CD) in the four layers respectively.

Information security is one of the most challenging problems in today's technological world. In order to secure the transmission of secret data over the public network (Internet), various schemes have been presented over the last decade. Steganography combined with cryptography, can be one of the best choices for solving this problem. This paper proposes a new steganographic method based on gray-level modification for true colour images using image transposition, secret key and cryptography. Both the secret key and secret information are initially encrypted using multiple encryption algorithms (bitxor operation, bits shuffling, and stego key-based encryption); these are, subsequently, hidden in the host image pixels. In addition, the input image is transposed before data hiding. Image transposition, bits shuffling, bitxoring, stego key-based encryption, and gray-level modification introduce five different security levels to the proposed scheme, making the data recovery extremely...

— According to new era, the steganography and cryptography are the secret writing techniques are available. Steganography hides the existence of message by embedding data in some other digital media like image or audio format and Cryptography converts data in to cipher text that can be in unreadable format to normal user. This paper focuses on data hiding techniques useable for security of data. This paper proposed an RSA algorithm for encryption and embedded encrypted data in an image using DCT based steganographic technique. The DCT based technique is better than the other techniques like LSB, Modulus arithmetic steganography.

The term computer anti-forensics (CAF) generally refers to a set of tactical and technical measures intended to circumvent the efforts and objectives of the field of computer and network forensics (CF). Many scientific techniques, procedures, and technological tools have evolved and effectively applied in the field of CF to assist scientists and investigators in acquiring and analyzing digital evidence for the purpose of solving cases that involve the use or misuse of computer systems. CAF has emerged as a CF counterpart that plants obstacles throughout the path of computer investigations. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges introduced by anti-forensics, explore various CAF mechanisms, tools, and techniques, provide a coherent classification for them, and discuss their effectiveness. Moreover, the authors discuss the challenges in implementing effective countermeasures against these techniques. A set of recommendations are presented with future research opportun...

Information hiding is an active area of research where secret information is embedded in innocent-looking carriers such as images and videos for hiding its existence while maintaining their visual quality. Researchers have presented various image steganographic techniques since the last decade, focusing on payload and image quality. However, there is a trade-off between these two metrics and keeping a better balance between them is still a challenging issue. In addition, the existing methods fail to achieve better security due to direct embedding of secret data inside images without encryption consideration, making data extraction relatively easy for adversaries. Therefore, in this work, we propose a secure image steganographic framework based on stego key-directed adaptive least significant bit (SKA-LSB) substitution method and multi-level cryptography. In the proposed scheme, stego key is encrypted using a two-level encryption algorithm (TLEA); secret data is encrypted using a multi-level encryption algorithm (MLEA), and the encrypted information is then embedded in the host image using an adaptive LSB substitution method, depending on secret key, red channel, MLEA, and sensitive contents. The quantitative and qualitative experimental results indicate that the proposed framework maintains a better balance between image quality and security, achieving a reasonable payload with relatively less computational complexity, which confirms its effectiveness compared to other state-of-the-art techniques.

Information  security  is one  of  the most challenging problems in today's technological world. In order  to secure  the transmission of secret  data over the public network (Internet),  various  schemes  have  been  presented  over  the  last  decade.  Steganography  combined  with  cryptography, can be one of the best choices for solving this problem.  This paper proposes a  new  steganographic  method  based  on  gray-level  modification  for  true  colour  images  using image  transposition,  secret key and cryptography. Both the secret key and secret information  are  initially  encrypted using multiple encryption algorithms (bitxor operation,  bits shuffling, and stego key-based encryption); these are, subsequently,  hidden in the host image pixels.  In  addition, the input image is transposed before data hiding. Image transposition , bits shuffling,  bitxoring,  stego  key-based  encryption,  and  gray-level  modification  introduce  five  different  security  levels  to  the  proposed  scheme,  making  the  data  recovery  extremely  difficult  for attackers.  The  proposed  technique  is  evaluated  by  objective  analysis  using  various  image  quality  assessment  metrics,  producing  promising  results  in  terms  of  imperceptibility  and  security. Moreover, the high quality stego  images  and its minimal histogram changeability,  also validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

The use of aerial photographs, satellite images, scanned maps and digital elevation models necessitates the setting up of strategies for the storage and visualization in an interactive way of these data. In order to obtain a three dimensional visualization it is necessary to map the images, called textures, onto the terrain geometry computed with Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Practically,

In this paper, a robust substitution technique is used
to implement proposed work of audio steganography.
Steganography is an art and science methodology of writing
hidden messages such a way that no one apart from the
intended reciever knows the existence of the secret message
data. This technique resolves the various inherent issues ,after
that it increases the data hiding capacity while being also
achieve robustness from various intentional as well as
unintentional hacking attacks.like this it provides privacy to
data. The strength of our algorithm is depend on the segment
size and its used to achieve very high embedding capacity for
different data type that can reach up to 25% from the input
audio file size.We are developing two novel approaches of
substitution technique of audio steganography that improves
the capacity of cover audio which for embedds additional data.
Using these methods, messages are embedded into multiple
LSB bits. This technique utilizes up to 7 LSBs for embedding
data. Results show that both these techniques improve data
hiding capacity of cover audio by 25% to 85% These latest
approaches for increasing capacity show better results as
compared to the existing techniques.

ABSTRACT An uncooled microbolometer with peak responsivity in the long wave infrared region of the electromagnetic radiation is developed at Sensonor Technologies. It is a 384 x 288 focal plane array with a pixel pitch of 25mum, based on monocrystalline Si/SiGe quantum wells as IR sensitive material. The high sensitivity (TCR) and low /f noise are the main performance characteristics of the product. The frame rate is maximum 60Hz and the output interface is digital (LVDS). The quantum well thermistor material is transferred to the read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) by direct wafer bonding. The ROIC wafer containing the released pixels is bonded in vacuum with a silicon cap wafer, providing hermetic encapsulation at low cost. The resulting wafer stack is mounted in a standard ceramic package. In this paper the architecture of the pixels and the ROIC, the wafer packaging and the electro-optical measurement results are presented.

A new method for data hiding in H.264/AVC streams is presented. The proposed method exploits the IPCM encoded macroblocks during the intra prediction stage in order to hide the desired data. It is a blind data hiding scheme, i.e. the message can be extracted directly from the encoded stream without the need of the original host video. Moreover, the method exhibits the useful property of reusing the compressed stream for hiding dif- ferent data numerous times without considerably affecting either the bit-rate or the perceptual quality. This property allows data hiding directly in the compressed stream in real time. The method perfectly suits to covert communication and content authentication applications.

Keywords H.264/AVC, Intra prediction, IPCM, Data hiding, Video authentication, Covert communication

An exact, one-to-one transform is presented that not only allows digital circular convolutions, but is free from multiplications and quantisation errors for transform lengths of arbitrary powers of two. The transform is analogous to the Discrete Fourier Transform, with the canonical harmonics replaced by a set of cyclic integers computed using only bit-shifts and additions modulo a prime number. The

In this paper, we suggest a novel data hiding technique in an HTML Web page. HTML Tags are case insensitive and hence an alphabet in lowercase and one in uppercase present inside an HTML tag are interpreted in the same manner by the browser,i.e., change in case in an web page is imperceptible to the browser. We basically exploit this redundancy and use it to embed secret data inside an web page, with no changes visible to the user of the web page, so that he can not even suspect about the data hiding. The embedded data can be recovered by viewing the source of the HTML page. This technique can easily be extended to embed secret message inside any piece of source-code where the standard interpreter of that language is case-insensitive.