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This volume summarizes the main findings of the NATO Science for Peace Project SfP-980468 Harmonization of Seismic Hazard and Risk Reduction in Countries Influenced by Vrancea Earthquakes. It addresses the problems of regional seismic... more
This volume summarizes the main findings of the NATO Science for Peace Project SfP-980468 Harmonization of Seismic Hazard and Risk Reduction in Countries Influenced by Vrancea Earthquakes. It addresses the problems of regional seismic hazard assessment, its application to the Vrancea zone that influences the territories of Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova, and provides guidelines for seismic risk reduction in the target countries.

The contributions focus on key problems of the Vrancea area and related strong ground motion. The book covers a range of topics: from hazard assessment to site effects and microzonation, from protection of historical buildings to the study of the dynamic properties of the soft soils and paleoseismology.

Researchers, practitioners, experts, and students will benefit from reading this book and having it as a reference in the years to come.
This book addresses current activities in strong-motion networks around the globe, covering issues related to designing, maintaining and disseminating information from these arrays. The book is divided into three principal sections. The... more
This book addresses current activities in strong-motion networks around the globe, covering issues related to designing, maintaining and disseminating information from these arrays. The book is divided into three principal sections. The first section includes recent developments in regional and global ground-motion predictive models.
It presents discussions on the similarities and differences of ground motion estimations from these models and their application to design spectra as well as other novel procedures for predicting engineering parameters in seismic regions with sparse data. The second section introduces topics about the particular methodologies being implemented in the recently established global and regional strong-motion databanks in Europe to maintain and disseminate the archived accelerometric data. The final section describes major strong-motion arrays around the world and their historical developments. The last three chapters of this section introduce projects carried out within the context of arrays deployed for seismic risk studies in metropolitan areas.
Features Includes contributions from experts in the area of risk assessment; special focus on safety-critical systems in all types of industrial plants, equipment, structural systems, buildings and other civil engineering facilities;... more
Features
Includes contributions from experts in the area of risk assessment; special focus on safety-critical systems in all types of industrial plants, equipment, structural systems, buildings and other civil engineering facilities; must-have information for academia and engineers involved in industrial safety, structural reliability, quantified risk assessment and safety management.


Summary
Safety and Reliability of Industrial Products, Systems and Structures deals with risk assessment, which is a fundamental support for decisions related to the design, construction, operation and maintenance of industrial products, systems and infrastructures. Risks are influenced by design decisions, by the process of construction of systems and infrastructures, and by the way in which they are operated and maintained. The importance of all these aspects vary in the various phases and types of activities, and different methods have been developed to deal with them.

Risk analysis, structural reliability and human reliability analysis concentrate on different aspects that complement each other, and in many cases they can be considered separately. As a result of this, and of the different characteristics of the techniques, until today the respective specialists have had little interaction, and not enough efforts have been made to integrate methods. This book, the result of SAFERELNET, a thematic network of 67 organizations from industry, universities and research organizations from 18 countries, is a first attempt to overcome this. Since 2001, SAFERELNET has dealt with providing safe and cost-effective solutions for industrial products, systems, facilities and structures across different industrial sectors.

Safety and Reliability of Industrial Products, Systems and Structures covers all aspects of safety issues such as Risk Assessment Methodology; Human and Organisational Factors in Risk Assessments; Integration of Risk and Reliability Formulations; Reliability Based Design; Assessment of Existing Structures and Life Extension; Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance Planning, with a special focus on safety-critical systems in all types of industrial plants, equipment, structural systems, buildings and other civil engineering facilities. The book will be of interest to academia and engineers involved in industrial safety, structural reliability, quantified risk assessment and safety management.
The aim of this article is to analyze the background, current status, and outlook of seismic monitoring products and services in Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine. These countries manage seismic networks that contribute to the... more
The aim of this article is to analyze the background, current status, and outlook of seismic monitoring products and services in Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine. These countries manage seismic networks that contribute to the European Integrated Data Archive node in the framework of the Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology, which represents a collaborative effort in coordinating observational seismology across the European region through the collection, archiving, and dissemination of seismic waveform data, metadata, and related products. All of the aforementioned countries share a common threat: strong earthquakes occurring in the Vrancea area located in central-eastern Romania at intermediate depths (usually in the 60–180 km interval). Events such as the ones on 10 November 1940 and 4 March 1977 generated high damage in Romania, northern Bulgaria, and Moldova. In addition to Vrancea, crustal earthquakes in areas such as Shabla or Dulovo can lead to ...
The paper presents results from an experimental program implemented for three representative buildings in Bucharest metropolitan area and aimed to explore the potential of various dynamic identification methods in providing information... more
The paper presents results from an experimental program implemented for three representative buildings in Bucharest metropolitan area and aimed to explore the potential of various dynamic identification methods in providing information about building state changes. The objective is to establish reference values of potential use in rapid earthquake damage detection systems. Each of the selected buildings was designed according to a different seismic code, in force at the time of its construction. The methods employed for this study were: the analysis of Fourier spectra, the analysis of the transfer function and the random decrement technique. To validate the results, the fundamental periods of vibration determined experimentally were compared with the corresponding values predicted by the empirical formulas specified in the corresponding editions of the Romanian seismic code. The results revealed consistent values for both the fundamental period and the damping ratio of the buildings...
Numerous mechanical machines and structures include parts that represent or can be modeled, with good approximation, as homogeneous rectilinear bars, subjected to various support conditions. During the work of the containing systems,... more
Numerous mechanical machines and structures include parts that represent or can be modeled, with good approximation, as homogeneous rectilinear bars, subjected to various support conditions. During the work of the containing systems, these parts can have longitudinal, torsional or bending vibrations. The last of these categories of vibrations is often the most important, since they can produce important effects, useful or harmful for the proper functioning of the system, as well as for the comfort and health of the human operator. These reasons have led to the development of various study methods, some of them analytical and the others numerical, which evaluate the characteristics of the bending vibrations of homogeneous rectilinear bars. However, both these approaches are often laborious and require relatively high mathematical knowledge from the students. The paper presents a program, developed by the authors for the graphical simulation of bending vibrations. The program, which d...
The frequency-dependent spectrum based seismic intensity, also called instrumental intensity, is calculated basically from the integration of the square values of spectral acceleration ordinates. The values of the instrumental intensity... more
The frequency-dependent spectrum based seismic intensity, also called instrumental intensity, is calculated basically from the integration of the square values of spectral acceleration ordinates. The values of the instrumental intensity are calibrated to match the values of the EMS-98 intensity scale, providing a promising analytical indicator for estimating the destructive potential of earthquakes. Previous studies have shown that the proposed
With its almost 100 accelerometers distributed all over the country, the seismic network of INCERC is, at present, the most important strong-motion recording infrastructure in Romania. The paper presents the today’s situation of the... more
With its almost 100 accelerometers distributed all over the country, the seismic network of INCERC is, at present, the most important strong-motion recording infrastructure in Romania. The paper presents the today’s situation of the network instruments and equipment, new seismic data acquired and future instrumentation needs, revealed by recent seismic events.
ABSTRACT The classical method used in teaching dynamics in engineering faculties involves graphical representations of various mechanical systems, which can be difficult to draw and to understand. On the other hand, animated graphical... more
ABSTRACT The classical method used in teaching dynamics in engineering faculties involves graphical representations of various mechanical systems, which can be difficult to draw and to understand. On the other hand, animated graphical representations can provide valuable tools for the modern teaching of this discipline. The authors of the paper developed a number of specialized computer codes, each one dedicated to a dynamics problem. These form a virtual laboratory, which is used at the University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, in the first year of study, during the practical sessions of mechanics. The programs have user-friendly graphical interfaces, by means of which the students can easily input various values of the definition parameters, in order to understand their influence upon the behavior of the studied systems. The paper presents some of these programs, the basic algorithms used in their development and examples of the graphical representations that can be obtained by their use. The experience gained during the application of this new method of teaching showed that the use of the virtual laboratory has significantly increased the students’ interest in the taught course, as well and their learning performance in dynamics.
ABSTRACT The paper presents a software package dedicated to the study of some classical mechanisms with bodies in relative motion, used in numerous real mechanical systems. The package is intended for the development of a virtual... more
ABSTRACT The paper presents a software package dedicated to the study of some classical mechanisms with bodies in relative motion, used in numerous real mechanical systems. The package is intended for the development of a virtual laboratory used in modern teaching of technical mechanics in engineering faculties. The programs represent animatedly the mechanisms, as well as the trajectories, the velocities and the accelerations of the significant points. For the bodies with relative motion, the kinematic quantities (velocities and accelerations) specific to the absolute, relative and transport motion, respectively, are shown. The programs represent, also animatedly, the plane of velocities and the plane of accelerations, which are two diagrams used for the grapho-analytical study of mechanisms. The coordinates of the significant points, as well as the components of the velocities and accelerations are computed and displayed in real time. The students are encouraged to choose and input various values of the geometrical and kinematical parameters, in order to study their impact over the running of the mechanisms. The motions of the mechanisms can be paused and continued, in order to study the instantaneous images and values of the geometrical and kinematical parameters. The applications in the software package were successfully used at the University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, during the practical sessions for the course “Mechanics”.
Due to several factors, the lateral resistance of a structure is, usually, greater than lateral force used in seismic design. As a result, a structure has a "reserve" strength (overstrength) that can be mobilized in variable... more
Due to several factors, the lateral resistance of a structure is, usually, greater than lateral force used in seismic design. As a result, a structure has a "reserve" strength (overstrength) that can be mobilized in variable amounts when the structure is subjected to lateral seismic loads. The available structural overstrength is difficult to evaluate analytically; a more promising quantity for research is the required overstrength, i.e. the overstrength necessary to a structure in order to withstand specified seismic forces. In the paper, the required overstrength was expressed through the ratio between the actual spectral ordinates and the corresponding values of the code-specified design spectra. The actual spectral ordinates were calculated for two selected sets of representative Romanian seismic records. Calculations were performed, separately, for both versions, old and new, of the Romanian seismic code. Based on the results, the severity of the requirements of the t...
Research Interests:
The mean and the mean plus one standard deviation attenuation relations, appropriate for Vrancea intermediate foci (60-170 km) were established by non-linear multi-regression of lhe available set of peak ground accelerations, as a... more
The mean and the mean plus one standard deviation attenuation relations, appropriate for Vrancea intermediate foci (60-170 km) were established by non-linear multi-regression of lhe available set of peak ground accelerations, as a function of magnitude, ...
The paper presents an evaluation of the damage potential of Romanian Vrancea earthquakes based on the use of damage spectra. Spectra of a derived damage index, DM.μ u , were computed for Vrancea events with moment magnitudes larger than... more
The paper presents an evaluation of the damage potential of Romanian Vrancea earthquakes based on the use of damage spectra. Spectra of a derived damage index, DM.μ u , were computed for Vrancea events with moment magnitudes larger than 6.0. In addition, strength demand spectra were determined, in order to assess the strength capacity required to limit the damage index

And 65 more

The strong motion network of the National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Territorial Development "URBAN-INCERC" was established in Romania in 1967. Its paramount utility for a... more
The strong motion network of the National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Territorial Development "URBAN-INCERC" was established in Romania in 1967. Its paramount utility for a seismic country was proved when the unique recording of March 4, 1977 earthquake was obtained in INCERC Bucharest station.
At present, the network consists of approximately 55 accelerometers, located in 45 localities in Romania. Of these, 11 accelerometers are located in Bucharest and 44 are distributed all over the country, particularly in the extra-Carpathian area, which is the most exposed to the Vrancea seismic source.
The goals of the network and of the pertaining infrastructure are manifold, aiming not only at ground motion recording, but also, in a larger perspective, at the improvement of the security and resilience of building stock to earthquakes and extreme actions. In this respect, a system for monitoring and displaying recorded ground motion data in real time is envisaged, in conjunction with data provided by SHM devices from instrumented buildings.
Recently, a plan for real-time transmission of the recorded seismic data was developed in collaboration with the Romanian Special Telecommunication Service. Accordingly, starting from November 15th, 2015, 32 seismic stations, of which 4 in Bucharest and 28 distributed throughout the country, were connected to real-time data transmission. This is provided both for stations located in free field-type conditions and for monitored building structures.
The goals for the near future are the extended integration and collaboration within major European infrastructures in the field, as the European Plate Observing System, EPOS. This implies further standardization of instrumentation and operational procedures, establishment of permanent communication channels for data exchange, upgrading of obsolete equipment, increasing the number of real-time stations and of seismic stations in general and development of the communication, IT and software infrastructure.
The National Seismic / Strong Motion Network of the National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Territorial Development "URBAN-INCERC" currently represents a local competence pillar,... more
The National Seismic / Strong Motion Network of the National Institute for Research and Development in Construction, Urban Planning and Sustainable Territorial Development "URBAN-INCERC" currently represents a local competence pillar, based on complementarity and interdisciplinarity. It has a nationally and internationally recognized tradition of more than six decades in research in construction, earthquake engineering and recording, advanced processing and complex analysis of recorded seismic motions, produced by seismogenic sources of Romania and neighboring countries.
Currently, the network is equipped with a number of 55 accelerometers located in 45 municipalities throughout the country and in Bucharest. Particular emphasis is given to the capital and its metropolitan area, a densely populated and strategically important administrative center for Romania, with particular exposure to earthquakes with epicenters in Vrancea region. Thus, a number of 11 accelerometers are located presently in Bucharest.
The National Seismic Network of NIRD URBAN-INCERC includes several of stations located in urban areas, with installed equipment to record seismic data. They monitor ambient vibration, coming both from seismic and non-seismic sources. Specialized software is used for field data acquisition and processing in order to efficiently obtain reliable information regarding the monitored sites. For this activity, the ability of the equipment to transmit data in real time is essential, by reducing the time interval in which they can provide information on the dynamic response registered on the site.
The infrastructure of NIRD URBAN-INCERC also includes instruments located in high-rise buildings, installed following the recommendation concerning the instrumentation of this type of buildings, introduced by the new edition of the Romanian seismic code, P100-1/2013.
An important short and medium term action is represented by the integration of NIRD URBAN-INCERC’s National Seismic Network with the pan-European and Euro-Mediterranean infrastructure counterparts. The network is a member of EPOS-RO consortium, part of the European consortium EPOS (European Plate Observing System), and has adhered in 2015 to the ERRIS initiative (Engage in the Romanian Infrastructure System, erris.ro), being represented on its online platform, dedicated to the promotion of Romanian research infrastructures for their better integration in the international research.
NIRD URBAN-INCERC’s National Seismic Network has a strategic importance in terms of public safety. Due to the specific seismicity conditions, it can be considered that Romania is in a period before a possible earthquake, whose exact time of occurrence cannot be estimated, but preparedness measures are absolutely necessary. In this regard, urgent action should be considered to ensure the structural safety of the buildings, to prevent and reduce the adverse consequences of such an event. For developing knowledge on the impacts of hazard affecting our country, but also for research of other sources of vibration, the existence of a specific infrastructure, such as the one from NIRD URBAN-INCERC, is an essential condition. An important short and medium term action is represented by the integration of NIRD URBAN-INCERC’s National Seismic Network with the pan-European and Euro-Mediterranean infrastructure counterparts.
The projects presented within the paper represent advanced approaches in the multi-hazard assessment field, highlighting the interaction of built environment components with the current seismic, climate and antropic conditions. In... more
The projects presented within the paper represent advanced approaches in the multi-hazard assessment field, highlighting the interaction of built environment components with the current seismic, climate and antropic conditions. In principle, all projects aim to identify/develop and to implement the best practices and methodologies in accordance with EU policies, be it about the built environment and its components, or about the nature of the hazards from Romania, or on the impact on the environment and on population. Also, a common objective refers to facilitate the interaction between academia and research with students, teachers and public authorities.
Each component of the built environment represent a topic of a research project. Although soil, buildings, population are studied sometimes separately, there is an obvious need of correlation between the sustainability criteria, since some feasibility and environment conditions may act contradictory. For an active assimilation by the professional community of the Romanian seismic code P100-1/2013, harmonized with the European standards for seismic design of buildings, the SEISMOCODE platform is the subject of an ongoing project. Bridging the gap between seismology and earthquake engineering, considering the seismicity of Romania, as a main path towards a refined implementation of seismic action in earthquake resistant design of buildings, according to the European Standard - Eurocode 8 - EN1998-1 is the subject of BIGSEES project. Monitoring and evaluation of natural hazards preparedness in schools represent the theme of the project E-PRES, which is funded by the European Commission. Within the ROEDUSEIS project, some educational materials (textbooks, maps, theoretical descriptions, activities, posters, information sheets), adapted on the pre-universitary levels, are developed, an educational seismic network in schools is installed and an e-learning platform is developed etc. The study of a urban protected area, exposed to multiple hazards, is done in the URBASRISK project.
The results of these complex approaches play an important role in reducing the negative impact of hazards on the built environment, on the strategic structures, on vital networks and population. Assessment of exposure and risk level to natural and man-made hazards (earthquakes, floods, landslides, terrorist attacks, explosions etc) is an important component in the concept of performant urban/territorial management. It allows the development of methodologies for rapid assessment of the disaster effects, appropriate and adapted to local geological, climate and antropic conditions.
The paper presents new results from a detailed study, involving an analysis of several deterministic and stochastic indices computed for over 100 tri-axial accelerograms recorded during four strong Vrancea seismic events with moment... more
The paper presents new results from a detailed study, involving an analysis of several deterministic and stochastic indices computed for over 100 tri-axial accelerograms recorded during four strong Vrancea seismic events with moment magnitude, Mw, larger than 6. The study aims to better reveal the spectral characteristics of the analyzed ground motions. Various analytical estimators of the predominant period, such as those based on power spectral density, Fourier amplitude spectrum, response spectra etc. are computed and compared. Additionally, a number of bandwidth measures are used in the assessment. The variability of the analyzed period-type parameters from one event to another is pointed out, as well as, when relevant, their spatial variability. Observations are correlated with available information on local site conditions, geology etc., in order to investigate the influence of different factors on the frequency content of the analyzed motions.
The assessment of structural damage due to seismic actions can be performed analytically by using various methods. Two of these methods, derived from very different approaches, are compared in the present paper. The first is based on the... more
The assessment of structural damage due to seismic actions can be performed analytically by using various methods. Two of these methods, derived from very different approaches, are compared in the present paper. The first is based on the evaluation of the instrumental intensity, proposed by Sandi, and which is calibrated to match the values of the EMS-98 intensity scale. The second is based on the use of the spectral values of the Park-Ang damage index, computed for constant values of the strength coefficient, Cy. The two approaches are compared, based on the damage estimations they provide in the case of the moment magnitude Mw = 7.1 Vrancea earthquake of August 30, 1986, for various structural typologies existing in Romania at the date of this event and for different locations across the country. Each structural typology is described by structure type, height category and the value of seismic forces used in design, according to the three Romanian seismic codes that were enforced during successive time periods before the event. The computed damage is compared with information on actual damage reported after the earthquake. The overstrength demands imposed by the earthquake are also evaluated, in the damage index approach. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are shown and conclusions are drawn concerning their future potential refinement.
The paper presents results from a recent study in progress, involving an extensive analysis, based on several deterministic and stochastic indices, of the frequency content of ground motions recorded during strong Vrancea seismic events.... more
The paper presents results from a recent study in progress, involving an extensive analysis, based on several deterministic and stochastic indices, of the frequency content of ground motions recorded during strong Vrancea seismic events. The study, continuing those initiated by Lungu et al. in the early nineties, aims to better reveal the characteristics of the analyzed ground motions. Over 300 accelerograms, recorded during the strong Vrancea seismic events mentioned above and recently re-digitized, are used in the study. Various analytical estimators of the frequency content, such as those based on Fourier spectra, power spectral density, response spectra and peak ground motion values are evaluated and compared. The results are correlated and validated by using the information provided by various spectral bandwidth measures, as the Vanmarcke and the Cartwright and Longuet-Higgins indices. The capacity of the analyzed estimators to describe the frequency content of the analyzed ground motions is assessed comparatively and the most relevant parameters are being identified.
International conference "Risk Reduction for Resilient Cities" The conference will be held on November 3 – November 4, 2016 at the “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism in Bucharest, Romania. The event is part of national... more
International conference "Risk Reduction for Resilient Cities"
The conference will be held on November 3 – November 4, 2016 at the “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism in Bucharest, Romania.

The event is part of national research project “Urban blocks in central protected area in multiple hazard approach – assessment, mapping and strategies for risk mitigation. Case study: Bucharest destructured zone by razing occuring in the communist period” (URBASRISK), financed by UEFISCDI, a public body under the authority of Romanian Ministry of Education and Scientific Research.

Participants will find out the latest discoveries in research and build collaborations with researchers abroad. They will experience beautiful Bucharest. The 2016 conference offers due recognition to great achievements of individuals and institutions in the production, promotion, and use of the research.

Organizers

“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism (UAUIM)

National Institute of Research-Development in Constructions, Sustainable Urban Planning and Land Development (INCD URBAN-INCERC)

Partner institutions

Academy of Technical Sciences from Romania – ASTR
Ministry of Education and Scientific Research – MECS
National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation – ANCS – UEFISCDI
Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration – MDRAP
General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations – ISU
Technical University of Constructions Bucharest – UTCB
Union of Architects in Romania – UAR
Architects’ Order from Romania – OAR
Register of Urban Planners from Romania – RUR
Calendar

June 10, 2016 Application opening
August 1, 2016 Abstracts submission deadline
September 1, 2016 Notification of abstracts acceptance
September 20, 2016 Submission of full paper
September 20, 2016 Promo Installment Payment
October 15, 2016 Communication of the results
October 17, 2016 Final Payment Deadline
Research Interests:
Topics Multi-hazard preparation & prevention: Natural and anthropic hazard • Multihazard assessments • Preventive action • Humanitarian Relief • Complex Emergencies • Humanitarian Logistics Environment & Ecological Risks: Natural... more
Topics

Multi-hazard preparation & prevention: Natural and anthropic hazard • Multihazard assessments • Preventive action • Humanitarian Relief • Complex Emergencies • Humanitarian Logistics

Environment & Ecological Risks: Natural hazards • Climate change • Ecosystem viewpoint • Green economy

Technical risks: Critical infrastructure • Technological hazards • Cyber security • Energy supply • NaTech

Urban risks / Megacities: Critical infrastructure • Land use / City planning • Central protected area of cities  • Early warning • Emergency evacuation and shelter management • Mobility / transportation • Civil protection • Exposed elements – building space

Social / Political risks: Resilient communities • Social unrest / social cohesion • Population exposed to risk • Public security • Terrorism • Displacement / forced migration • Community empowerment

Cultural risk: Identity • Patrimonial value, heritage • Community cohesion • Spatial perception

Resilience & Vulnerability: Frameworks • Indicators: status value of building space • Marginalization • Social, cultural, ecological, technical, institutional & economic resilience

Risk Management: Risk analysis & assessments • Risk scenario • Risk financing options • Public-private partnership • Global risk indicator • Best practices • Risk governance and leadership • Risk ethics • Resilient measurements • DRR tools – architecture, structure and urban strategies • Maintenance, consolidation, restoration, reconstruction • Security center for affected people • Emergency housing • Temporary housing • Permanent housing • Planned and administrated habitat • Financial tools for risk management • Living with risk

Education & Research: Preventive measures • Training programs • Role of the state vs. individual responsibility • Methodologies & tools for DRR • Best practice exchange • Build back better • Culture and diversity • Resilient education
Research Interests: