Resilient Cities

This paper presents hybrid and nature-based
solutions (NBS) for wastewater treatment that may
be applied to diverse urban and peri-urban contexts.
They offer multiple environmental and economic
benefits, with the enhancement of human health,
and lower energy consumption. Decentralized
and circular sewage treatment enables to recycle
water, transform sludge in compost, and use gas
to generate energy. NBS promotes habitats for
biodiversity and contributes to mitigate GHG
emissions. Hybrid or NBS systems may integrate
urban parks. In large areas constructed wetlands
are viable, in more restricted spaces compact low
impact systems are smart options. Some innovative
examples are also presented. (in Portuguese, Pages 133-158)

This chapter reviews some of the key parallels between the concepts of smart cities and smart tourism destinations. Evidence of new trends in the smart concept as well as the widening of the smart tourism destination concept to neighbouring regions of established smart tourism cities are discussed with reference to examples from practice in Europe and China. A new typology is proposed for smart tourism destinations that encompasses tourism cities as well as their wider region.

Özet

Kentler, geçmişten günümüze kültür ve medeniyetin geliştiği önemli merkezler olmuşlardır. Kentler, dönemsel olarak yaşanan ekonomik, çevresel, sosyal, kültürel, politik ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak değişim göstermişlerdir. Kentin planlanması ve kent formunun şekillendirilmesinde özellikle kentin sürdürülebilirliği temel etken olmuş, ancak sürdürülebilirliğe ilişkin kaygıların kaynağı, dönemsel olarak farklılık göstermiştir. Lewis Mumford’un da ifade ettiği gibi, “Kentin içinden geçtiği uzun tarihsel evreleri incelemeden geleceğe doğru cesurca bir atılım yapmamız için gereken ivmeyi bilincimizde bulmak mümkün değildir”. Bu esaslar doğrultusunda çalışma kapsamında, öncelikle antik çağlardan günümüze dek dünyada kentlerin gelişimi ve sürdürülebilir kent planlanması açısından geçirilen evreler; dönemin ekonomik, çevresel, sosyal ve politik atmosferi ile bir arada ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Ardından bu çalışmalar ışığında geleceğin sürdürülebilir kent planlamasının temel ilkelerinin neler olması gerektiği hususu değerlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar kelimeler: sürdürülebilirlik, iklim değişikliğine dayanıklı kentleşme, enerji etkinliği.


Abstract

Cities are important centers for the development of culture and civilization from the past to today. Cities have changed depending on the economic, environmental, social, cultural, political and technological developments at the historical periods. Urban sustainability has been a key factor in planning the city and shaping the urban form, but the source of concerns about sustainability has been different in historical periods. As Lewis Mumford said, "we cannot find the momentum necessary to make a bold leap forward to the future without examining the long historical stages through which the city passes". Within the scope of the study in line with these principles, first the phases that are passed from ancient times to current development of cities and sustainable urban planning; it has been examined in conjunction with the economic, environmental, social and political atmosphere of the period. Then, in the light of these studies, it was assessed what should be the basic principles of sustainable urban planning in the future.
Key Words: sustainability, climate change resilient urbanisation, energy efficiency

The entry begins with a definition of geography and with a description of what the discipline shares with the other social sciences and what makes it distinctive among them. Terminological clarifications are provided with regard to the relationship between human geography and physical geography, and between human geography and urban geography. After a brief history and overview of human geography’s engagement with social theory, the entry offers a discussion of the politicization of contemporary human geography and of how this phenomenon is reflected in theory building and concept development.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118430873.est0464

As cidades da atualidade, de uma forma geral, são reflexos das visões de mundo vigentes. O homem, na tentativa de dominar os processos naturais, estabeleceu a estes sistemas modelos de entrada e saída de recursos lineares, contrariando o fluxo circular da natureza. Estes cenários concentram mais da metade da população mundial e seus processos históricos de formação e ocupação foram desfavoráveis à resiliência natural dos sistemas, tornando-os mais frágeis à ocorrência e superação de choques e estresses. Diante de um futuro em que deverão ocorrer processos de mudança dinâmicos, não lineares e imprevisíveis, os efeitos negativos da falta da resiliência e seus atributos permeiam as esferas ambiental, social e econômica. Para reverter o cenário de esgotamento dos recursos naturais e avanço dos limites planetários, propõe-se a inclusão da resiliência enquanto estratégia do planejamento e do saneamento básico urbano, visto que este setor é imprescindível para o funcionamento das cidades, para a promoção da saúde pública e para o equilíbrio dos ecossistemas. O presente trabalho revisou modelos de planejamento que serviram de base para apresentar propostas consideradas relevantes ao setor. Os resultados demonstraram, com exemplos e dados, a fragilidade das cidades enquanto sistemas e, a partir do método exploratório, foi defendida a construção da resiliência nestes territórios para diminuir os impactos planetários e também para resistir às consequências deles. Uma análise crítica sugere formas de alcançar esta condição de resiliência, suas componentes e qualidades, bem como alcançar a sustentabilidade local, contribuindo para a global. Com foco no saneamento básico, foram feitas propostas em forma de diretrizes para este setor, onde cada uma delas estava relacionada a pelo menos uma componente da resiliência. Por fim, foi possível incluir o papel da resiliência no  planejamento urbano e a importância de um saneamento básico também resiliente, bem como apresentar caminhos para alcançar esta condição.

Creating a resilient urban matrix has become a fundamental issue due to natural and human caused disasters, economic and ecological crises last few decades. Subsequently, integrating productivity in cities via landscape and planning tools and developing a sustainable infrastructure become inevitable. This study explores the role of productive landscapes in creating resilient cities. More specifically, the paper focuses on urban agriculture as one of the major components of productive landscapes. Pioneering models of productive landscapes and urban agriculture go back to 19 th century with the works of Ebenezer Howard, Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Right, and Ian McHarg. Obviously, cities have been blended with nature for centuries; the only difference now is that industrialization has made food production invisible. Istanbul is presented as the case study. Through the rich history of Istanbul, food has a strong influence on city's image. It is still possible to see the traces of agricultural uses along the Theodesian Walls, and some old neighborhoods. Some foresighted organizations and individuals promote agriculture in inner urban areas. However, dealing with rapid urbanization problems, agricultural lands have been transformed into settlement areas in time. As we are in the age of sustainability, combining agriculture with the new technology and recent architectural trends as well as sustainable master plans incorporating productive landscape concepts will encourage urban agriculture in the city, hence creating more resilient urban environments.

As communities strive to meet the challenges of changing global conditions, urbanists are called upon to shape built environments that can adapt and thrive in the changing global conditions, can meet carbon-reduction goals, and can sustain urban populations in more compact settings by providing amenities that people need and want. This paper explores urban design strategies to strengthen urban resilience through a systemic, interconnected public realm to achieve reduced energy loads, cleaner air and enhanced civic life.

The urgency of climate proofing urban areas is increasingly recognized and various adaptation and mitigation measures are being developed. However, to combine these measures into comprehensive strategies is a challenge. The incorporation of climate change issues in day-to-day urban development requires better understanding of the urban system and the relations between climate and non-climate urban issues. In this paper we

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis resiliensi kawasan pariwisata sanur terhadap tsunami mengingat bahwa kawasan pariwisata sanur memiliki potensi tinggi dalam usaha pariwisata namun memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap tsunami. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan questionnaire-based interview. Metode analisis data terdiri dari skoring dan pembobotan dengan metode PCA, analisis kuadran important-performance analysis, dan korelasi. Menurut hasil analisis didapat bahwa terdapat 5 elemen resiliensi yang tergolong masih low resilience (0-40%) 1 elemen tergolong intermediate (41-60%) dan 2 elemen tergolong high resilience (61-100%), dengan hubungan korelasi positif dengan aspek pariwisata. Peningkatan resiliensi dapat dilakukan dengan intervensi pada variabel-variabel kuadran I dan III.

Uluslararası literatürde afet kavramının tanımları incelendiğinde tabi
ve kültürel kaynaklar için fiziksel, ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel kayıplar
ortaya çıkaran, insanların yaşamsal faaliyetlerini durdurarak veya
kesintiye uğratarak toplulukları etkileyen ve topluluğun sahip oldukları
imkânlar ile üstesinden gelemeyeceği doğal veya insan kaynaklı olaylar
olarak tanımlandığı görülmektedir. Afetlerin oluşum şekillerine
baktığımızda doğal, insan kaynaklı ve teknolojik olmak üzere üç farklı
şekilde sınıflandırılmaktadır. Afetler etkileri bakımından toplumlar için
vahim sonuçlar ortaya çıkarabilmektedir. Bu etkileri arttıran faktörlerden
birisi olarak hızlı nüfus artışına bağlı olarak plansız kentleşme ön plana
çıkmaktadır.
Afet ve Acil Durum Başkanlığı (AFAD) tarafından yayınlanan afet
sözlüğüne göre afet yönetimi; afet öncesi süreci önlenme ve zararlarının
azaltılması, afet sonrası olaylara zamanında, hızlı ve etkili olarak
müdahale edilmesi ve afetten etkilenen kimseler için daha güvenli ve
yaşanabilir yeni bir yaşam alanı sağlanabilmesi için toplumun tüm
unsurları tarafından yapılması gereken mücadele süreci olarak karşımıza
çıkmaktadır.

This editorial article can be downloaded free of charge (until 30 Jan 2020) at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJTC-12-2019-163/full/pdf?title=marketing-smart-tourism-cities-a-strategic-dilemma


There is a growing consensus among scholars in neuroscience with regards to the adverse effects of technology on the cognitive functions of the human brain (Loh and Kanai, 2016). These include the processing of emotions, memory and the storage of lived experiences. In fact, this has been shown to be particularly applicable to regular users of smartphone-based mobile applications (Wilmer et al., 2017). Rather worryingly for today’s prevalently technology-based conception of what a smart tourism destination should deliver, recent research has shown that visitors’ intentions to preserve the memories of a visit to a tourism attraction by engaging with mobile media (e.g. taking photos and sharing them with others via social media) during their visit may actually prevent those same visitors (though perhaps not the recipients of their photos via social media) from remembering the very experience they are trying to preserve (Tamir et al., 2018; see also Soares and Storm, 2018). Furthermore, research has also shown that this ‘hyperconnected’ state of affairs may be altogether detrimental to visitors’ enjoyment of the overall experience (Barasch et al., 2017). For those tourists who can still boast an adequate level of battery charge on their smartphones after a busy visit spent updating social media profiles with new photos whilst trying to simultaneously absorb the multi-sensory experience offered by the tourist attraction, there is further bad news. Similar neurological research has shown that people who are over-reliant on satellite navigation systems for way-finding (say, back to the hotel or to a restaurant highly rated on Tripadvisor) tend to perform worse at finding their way in the absence of their digital aid than those who rely on paper maps (McCullough and Collins, 2019). Parallel research in tourism has argued that this ‘smart’ technology-enabled tourist may run the risk of alienation (or “e-lienation”, to use the term coined by Tribe and Mkono, 2017) from their surroundings and missing out on potentially enriching experiences offered by the tourism destination. All in all, this should be rather worrying news for aspiring and existing smart tourism destinations. Why? Well, given that memorable experiences remain arguably a desirable goal in the design and delivery of visitor experiences, it appears that technology could be actually conspiring to rewire our brains in the opposite direction (Ward, 2013). Should, then, smart tourist destinations strive to become more efficient at delivering other services instead of memorable experiences? Maybe, though this is perhaps particularly applicable to some of the earlier models in the smart cities longitudinal spectrum. In fact, there is growing consensus around the fact that technological innovation (Pinke-Sziva et al., 2019; Skeli and Schmid, 2019) can alleviate some of the effects of overtourism, particularly in the context of smart tourism destinations (Gretzel and Scarpino-Johns, 2018). This includes ‘smarter’ transport solutions, even if we know that residents and tourists will differ considerably in their assessment of urban mobility improvements (Albalate and Bel, 2010). However, all this is part of what smart cities (presumably) do already. Consequently, if the whole raison d'être of the ‘smart’ concept applied to tourism destinations rests mainly on the proviso of experience design and delivery, where do the insights from the latest neurological research leave smart tourism destinations? Should the next generation of smart tourism destinations re-consider their strategic focus altogether?

This special issue of the International Journal of Tourism Cities (IJTC) on “Overtourism and the Marketing of Smart Tourism Destinations” attempts to shed light not only on the overtourism phenomena but also on a nascent field of research: the marketing and branding of smart urban tourism destinations. Inevitably, and given that both topics can hardly be considered in isolation, much of the research showcased in this special issue, including this editorial, explore also elements spanning the overtourism phenomena and the marketing and management of smart tourism destinations, chiefly from an urban perspective.

"Resilience, a concept typical in the natural sciences, has for some years been part of vocabulary of spatial planning but it is as yet relatively unexplored. Its common definition still represents resilience as the capacity of a system to absorb disturbances and to reorganize itself, by returning to the original state. Complexity theory shows that resilience is a bottom-up process, closely related to self-organization of a system, which could change the role of institutions and community in urban governance. Recently, the concept of resilience has been associated with the Transition
Towns movement, a bottom-up initiative promoted by civil society. Better known as “urban initiatives for the transition”, they are a set of bottom-up practices of urban management, aimed at achieving a self-sufficient and “zero impact” model of urban development.
In this perspective, the research question is: could this new paradigm of development and spatial organization really be a new approach in urban governance? The paper focuses on the implications of the concept of resilience in spatial planning. The purpose is to understand the extent of innovation in planning
practices and urban governance. In particular, the first part of the paper provides a review of the theoretical framework of resilience and the second analyzes the Transition Towns movement, with particular reference to the role of stakeholders."

Qatar Airways is one of the most successful airlines of the last two decades. In 2017, when the coalition led by Saudi Arabia imposed an
air, land, and sea blockade on Qatar, the socioeconomic background of the sheikdom was destabilised. During this period, the flag carrier, which is vital for the country’s international air connections, displayed extremely high resilience despite the severe restrictions on its opportunities. This paper focuses on the substantial elements and the process of resilience regarding the entity. Further, the reliable and effective resources that provided a solid foundation for handling the crisis are examined and revealed. In addition to emphasising the learning process that constitutes an essential condition for adaptability, the structure of the external environment as an interface and the corresponding relationships are also analysed. Based on Qatar Airways’ response to the blockade, it can be concluded that despite the gravity, strength, and extent of the blockade, there has not been any irreversible damage to the functional operation and identity of the airline. The downturn triggered by the restricted airspace was manageable due to a
resilience strategy based on an effective action plan, thus, the system was restored within a critical timeframe. Some terms were introduced during the analysis to differentiate the crucial phases of the process in an event-specific way and provide a process-oriented approach towards
resilient behaviour. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to interpret an economic and political conflict related to air transport from the perspective of resilience.

Well-designed affordable housing involves more than the provision of safe, decent, and inexpensive shelter; it needs to be central to the resilience of cities. Framing the issue as a matter of " what affordable housing should afford " expands the agenda for housing designers to consider factors that extend beyond the physical boundaries of buildings and engage the social, economic, environmental, and political relationships that connect housing to cities. To maximize its capacity to support the resilience of cities, affordable housing should engage as many as possible of the following four criteria: (1) support the community social structure and economic livelihoods of residents, (2) reduce the vulnerability of residents to environmental risks and stresses, (3) enhance the personal security of residents in the face of violence or threats of displacement, and (4) empower communities through enhanced capacities to share in their own governance. We illustrate these principles with four examples from recent practice—two illustrating the struggle for everyday affordable housing (in San Francisco and in Iquique, Chile) and two describing the special circumstances that result in the aftermath of disaster (in New Orleans and in Banda Aceh, Indonesia). Taken together, these examples demonstrate what is at stake if we ask affordable housing design to serve the greater goal of city resilience.

Climate change is one of the most challenging social, environmental and economic issues Ecuador and its capital, the Metropolitan District of Quito, are facing. It is estimated that in the last 100 years, the average temperature in Quito increased by 1.2–1.4°C, causing significant change in weather patterns and directly and indirectly impacting ecosystems, infrastructure, water availability, human health, food security and hydroelectric generation, among others. In response to current and projected impacts, the municipality of Quito adopted Quito’s Climate Change Strategy (QCCS) in 2009. In coordination with key stakeholders, including the academia, the municipality is currently implementing a series of adaptation and mitigation measures in key sectors. Actions fall under four strategic axes: (1) information generation and management; (2) use of clean technologies and good practices for adaptation and mitigation; (3) communication, education and citizen participation; and (4) institutional strengthening and capacity-building. Given the importance of water resources for the city and its surroundings, measures to face climate change in the water provision and risk management sectors are at the core of the strategy. Quito is one of the few Latin American cities that have a local policy instrument such as the Climate Change Strategy, which together with the use of the city’s ecological footprint as a planning tool, put the city at a vanguard in local responses to climate change.

Fostering resilience in the face of urban risks and climate change pro
cesses has definitely become a crucial task for planners and policy makers. Indeed, shaping spatial development through patterns of regeneration, renewal and new settlement design needs a variety of spatial strategies and policy statements as mechanisms for integrating principles of adaptation and mitigation into planning actions. Thereby urban areas are likely to perform as laboratories for resilience, both in theory and practice. This paper presents a research based on consultant activities conducted by the University of Catania, Italy in some cities of Sicily. The overall purpose is to highlight the role of local spatial planning as a key element for imagining and designing the resilient city. In particular, the paper outlines the development management decisions taken by the local authorities, represented in planning tools and expressed through planning choices and flexible actions to maximize the sustainable development of the analyzed municipalities. Specifi focus is on the application of principles for transfer of development rights as well as policy instruments for regulating or incentivizing urban transformations addressed to adaptation and mitigation by means of green infrastructure. The case studies presented stimulate several considerations about the opportunities for embracing an integrated planning approach, which can be considered the most effective way to trigger virtuous urban transformations aimed to achieve the adaptive and resilient city, also in Mediterranean regions

Daylight is the source of illumination most appreciated by
occupants of buildings for its capacity to render objects in their
natural colours, contributing to the comfort of vision and the
creation of shade and contrast between surfaces, thus improving
architectural quality [1]. Access to natural light also provides
the proper perception of day-night alternation and exposure to
luminous stimuli, which can improve humans’ physiological wellbeing
through correctly entrained circadian rhythms [2]. Among
the various components of daylight, direct solar radiation can
offer significant benefits for its quantity, quality and distribution
potentialities.
Building standards relating to solar access for occupants in new
and existing premises exist in different countries to ensure the
healthiness and comfort of dwellings. They require minimum
hours of direct sunlight through room windows per day of
the indicated period regardless of sky cover (e.g., in Germany,
Regulation DIN 5034-1 states that every apartment must have at
least one window receiving a minimum of 1 hour of direct sunlight
on 17th of January and 4 hours on 21st of March and September).
Designers often overlook direct solar access standards because
they are challenging to take into account without appropriate
design tools or, in some cases, not implemented into strict
regulations by authorities, thereby compromising the well-being
of building occupants.

Through the pages of history, diseases, plagues, epidemics or pandemics as the case may be has ravaged humanity, causing widespread ailments, illness and deaths overtime, and known under different names such: as Athens, Antoninus, Cyprus, Justinianus, Swine flu, Cholera, Ebola, Smallpox and the most recent COVID-19. These outbreaks caused mammoth mayhems however, through scientific research and collective effort of cities’ inhabitants and various communities, some were eradicated and there is a massive success in reducing the impact of others. Let’s go through the history of world pandemics that predates COVID-19 and cities' resilience to the COVID-19 global Pandemic.

Bài viết thảo luận về một số khía cạnh cần xem xét trong quản lý phát triển đô thị và nông thôn vùng đồng bằng sông Cửu Long trong bối cảnh mới. Với mục tiêu tăng cường khả năng chống chịu của khu vực trước các yếu tố bất định, tác giả đề xuất thay đổi về phương pháp tiếp cận trong giải quyết bài toán phát triển tổng hợp ở vùng nông nghiệp sông nước chịu ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu và nước biển dâng.

Studies in South Africa have shown that the City of Johannesburg, being the largest economic hub and a ‘World Class African City’, is vulnerable and faces many potential negative consequences from the impacts of climate change. The City of Johannesburg has undertaken a climate change vulnerability assessment study to adapt to, and improve its resilience to the climate change impacts and to inform its adaptation plan that will lead to the adoption of some “no-regrets” adaptation actions. The assessment of these impacts provide an insight on how to situate vulnerability, disaster risk and climate change adaptation efforts within the relevant legislative and policy frameworks to understand how these are relevant to the City’s communities. Based on current known resilience levels and control measures, it has identified critical risks for the municipality to address all city stakeholders to respond to them. The city intends to mainstream climate change adaptation into local planning procedures. Vulnerability assessments review the direct impacts of natural resources and assist in the development of specific response strategies. The climate change adaptation plan for the City of Johannesburg provides the basis for this assessment. A wide range of strategic-level adaptations have been identified with a potential to address a broad number of risks across multiple sectors. These strategic adaptations are regarded as being fundamental for the City’s effort to effectively adapt to evolving threats of climate change.This study focuses on the role of community involvement by addressing relevant city stakeholders to respond to the identified risks but informed by inputs from civil society through an action by ‘learning and doing’ process. This process will require the full participation and multi-stakeholders engagement at community level. This will help to better understand perceptions and the understanding of Climate Change among civil society and to identify current activities being sued by communities that may be supported by interventions initiated by the City to improve resilience to climate change at the community level.

This paper will focus on the concept of resilience in the urban systems context. Generally, urban resilience is defined as the ability to absorb, adapt and respond to changes in a city or urban system. (Da Silva, 2012). As urbanization expands globally in the face of climate change, natural disasters, and other shocks, resilience has been placed centrally in the planning agenda to tackle these threats. In this paper, two underlying challenges within urban resilience theory discourse and practice will be explored. The first challenge is found in the ongoing tension between viewing urban resilience through the lens of engineering systems or socio-ecological systems (SES). The second challenge is found in the ambiguous aspiration of urban resilience theory and practice to become more “transformative” in nature. While this paper does not offer a complete solution to either one of these challenges, it aims to clarify the debate and further shed light on dimensions that can strengthen application of the concept of urban resilience to the field of planning.

The City of Johannesburg (CoJ) has recognized that the impacts of climate change are the
biggest threat to sustainable development and need to be factored as a priority. Thus it has
undertaken a climate change vulnerability assessment study that will help improve its resilience
to the climate change impacts to inform its adaptation plan that will lead to the adoption of some
“no-regrets” adaptation actions. The assessment of these impacts provide an insight on how to
situate vulnerability, disaster risk and climate change adaptation efforts within the City to ensure
all stakeholders share awareness of the issues, interrelationships and their role in integrated climate change adaptation plan by analysing the institutional factors that influence the building of organisational adaptive capacity within the city.

RESUMEN
En las últimas décadas, olas de calor urbano, sequías extremas e incendios forestales se han reportado cada vez con mayor frecuencia, perturbando la dinámica ambiental y la calidad de vida de los habitantes localizados en las ciudades. La intensidad de estos eventos climáticos en las áreas urbanas está relacionada, con la substitución de la cobertura vegetal por superficies secas no evapotranspirativas que alteran el balance radiativo superficial, produciendo en consecuencia, un aumento de la temperatura en las zonas urbanas. Este fenómeno se conoce como islas térmicas urbanas, y su intensidad y extensión depende no solo de las propiedades físicas de las coberturas naturales y artificiales presentes en los espacios urbanos, sino también de la estacionalidad, y otros fenómenos climáticos. Mediante el uso de geotecnologias, en particular utilizando la banda térmica (6-2) del sensor LANDSAT 7 ETM +, es posible observar las variaciones en los patrones de la temperatura superficial y determinar la variabilidad, intensidad y extensión del fenómeno de isla térmica en la ciudad. La ventaja de este tipo de técnicas, respecto a las métodos convencionales (estacionales analógicas, muestreo puntual o por transectas), es la posibilidad de cubrir grandes superficies y adicionalmente, integrar datos digitales y vectoriales en un sistema de información geográfica. A los efectos de este trabajo seleccionaron un set de imágenes comprendidas en el periodo Marzo 2001- Enero 2011, tanto para temporada de sequia como de lluvia, para analizar los efectos de la estacionalidad sobre el fenómeno de isla térmica, en la ciudad de Caracas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron importantes diferencias en la temperatura superficial entre las áreas urbanas y la zona peri-urbana, así como entre el periodo húmedo y el periodo de sequia. Se espera a partir de este estudio poder contribuir con el diseño de estrategias ambientales de mitigación, y/o de atención a la población.

Palabras clave: islas térmicas, geotecnologias, espacios urbanos.

Although the use of resilience in international relations and urban planning has given rise to a growing body of critical research, this contested concept continues to feature prominently in the conversation on the development of cities. Taking the 100 Resilient Cities (100RC) network pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation as a case study, this article exposes some of the challenges inherent in the implementation of a global model of resilience. Exploring initiatives related to violence prevention in the member cities of Medellin, Cali (Colombia), Chicago (United States), and Belfast (Northern Ireland), this study will look at the practices of resilience officers, a position created by the 100RC network, and determine whether it can be considered as a new profession in the field of resilience planning. It will also use urban resilience to question the category of global cities, by suggesting that networks centered on resilience can serve as globalizing agents for “ordinary cities” (Robinson 2006). Finally, this article maintains that although the flexible and elusive definition promoted by 100RC facilitated a global circulation of the concept, its one-size-fits-all approach implied significant challenges and led in some cases to its depoliticization.

There is a growing recognition of the need for daily contact with nature, to live happy, productive, meaningful lives. Recent attention to biophilic design among architects
and designers acknowledges this power of nature. However, in an increasingly urban planet, more attention needs to be aimed at the urban scales, at planning for and moving towards what the authors call ―biophilic cities‖. Biophilic cities are cities that provide close and daily contact with nature, nearby nature, but also seek to foster an awareness of and caring for this nature. Biophilic cities, it is argued here, are also sustainable and resilient
cities. Achieving the conditions of a biophilic city will go far in helping to foster social and landscape resilience, in the face of climate change, natural disasters and economic uncertainty and various other shocks that cities will face in the future. The paper identifies key pathways by which biophilic urbanism enhances resilience, and while some are well-established relationships, others are more tentative and suggest future research and testing.

Nowadays, the most common approach to seismic risk mitigation is characterized only by strategies reducing building vulnerability, through structural interventions, and it does not consider the possibility to intervene at urban scale, reducing urban seismic vulnerability. This paper deals with the concept of urban seismic vulnerability, and introduces resilience, as the capacity of a system to adapt itself to new, generally negative, conditions, in order to re-establish normal conditions. Each city can express resilience, and the identification of its elements is the goal of our research. A spatial multi-criteria approach is here proposed.

Keywords Resilient cities – Seismic Risk – Seismic Vulnerability – Urban Vulnerability – Spatial Multicriteria Analysis

CRRID, Chandigarh proposes to organize an International Conference on “Mountain Cities, Climate Change and Urban Sustainability” and 1st Chandigarh Climate Meet from November 6-8, 2017 and a two days Pre Conference Workshop on “Towards Achieving Green Growth, Eco-Efficiency & SDGs for Urban Sustainability” from November 4-5, 2017 in collaboration with the Asia Climate Change Education Center (ACCEC), Jeju, South Korea; the Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh and the Centre for Study of Administration of Relief (CSAR), New Delhi. The Working Group 05 of International Sociological Association (ISA) on Famine and Society; the Municipal Corporation Chandigarh; The Climate Reality Project India, New Delhi; the Centre for Urban Green Spaces (CUGS), New Delhi and the Association of Professional Social Workers and Development
Practitioners (APSWDP), Chandigarh are also likely to support the organization of events in various capacities.

The call for abstracts of the papers and applications for the pre-conference workshop are invited before September 10, 2017. The organisers will confirm the acceptance within a week of submission. Some grants will be available for the selected delegates who submit the full papers. There is a plan to bring out a publication after the conference and also publish some selected papers in the special issue of our quarterly Journal Man & Development.

Cities must become resilient to a wider range of shocks and stresses.

Urban resilience is a broad concept that is sometimes blurred and abstract.

Relate the concept of urban resilience with the concept of urban sustainability.

The resilience of cities should also consider the sustainable future of the local communities and the urban territories they belong to.

The article is about cities and climate change, and about ways to make cities more resilient to the effects of climate change. It takes organisational learning as its main orientation and designs on the base of this orientation educational material to stimulate  neighborhood-based activities that reinforce the local economy and social structure, introducing small-scale technology for
water, renewable energy or waste. The changes  thus realised are called eco-cultural innovations and artists are seen as important change agents in the process of realising these innovations.

By exploring an emerging complex of interrelated research initiatives and design projects, this essay argues that resilience names a project that operates as a technique of governance and a global initiative to reimagine large scale urban development in the age of undifferentiated crisis. Through a network of power built on the confluence of private foundations and multinational firms, global governance frameworks, university research ‘laboratories’ and municipal governments, resilience has come to identify a new kind of ‘pre-emptive’ developmentalism—a renewed urban entrepreneurialism recoded with the language humanitarian aid, whose imperial overtones should not go unnoticed.

Water-Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) integrates water cycle management into urban planning and design. When applying the WSUD practices to urban areas, environmental degradation can be minimized, while improving aesthetic and recreational appeal at the same time. However, the effects of WSUD measures on water flow regimes are not fully known. The objective of the research was to determine suitable WSUD measures for a catchment in Adelaide, Australia by producing an updated and more reliable rainfall-runoff model using historical flow data. After this, the use of several suitable WSUD measures were simulated on the catchment to gain insight into their effect on drainage capacity.