Annual Report 2018
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 1
ABOUT US
2
DIRECTOR’S REPORT
4
STRENGTH IN COLLABORATION
7
RESEARCH OUTPUTS
12
CANCER
13
INFLAMMATION
21
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
27
CHILDREN’S HEALTH
33
RESEARCH EXCELLENCE
38
STUDENT IMPACT
40
OUR SUPPORTERS
42
BOARD CHAIR’S REPORT
46
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
48
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
50
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALISATION
51
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
54
FINANCIAL SNAPSHOT
55
2018 PUBLICATIONS
56
2 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
About us
Hudson Institute is a leading Australian medical research institute recognised internationally for discovery science and translational research into cancer, inflammation, reproductive health and children’s health. Our 475 scientists study human health and disease at a molecular and cellular level to discover how biological systems work and how disease and disability can be prevented or treated. Our close ties with clinicians and industry give us the ability to translate our discoveries into new preventative approaches, therapies and devices for patients. We are a founding member of the Monash Health Translation Precinct with partners Monash Health and Monash University. Our integrated research teams
include clinicians, nurses and clinical trial coordinators who both inform research programs based on patient need and advance these discoveries back to the clinic. Working alongside clinicians in Melbourne hospitals for more than 50 years, Hudson Institute scientists pioneered IVF and stem cell discoveries and are now leading developments in paediatric cancer and the human microbiome. Our worldwide scientific and medical collaborations provide a foundation for transformative healthcare programs across the globe.
HUDSON INSTITUTE AT A GLANCE
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STAFF
RESEARCH GROUPS
STUDENTS
RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 3
Our themes Hudson Institute research is in four areas of medical need
Cancer
Inflammation
Investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to the development of cancer and how these insights may be used to better diagnose, detect and treat malignancies.
Exploring how our body responds to infection and tissue damage with inflammation, and using this knowledge to fight infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Reproductive health and pregnancy
Infant and child health
Addressing the challenges of infertility and complications during pregnancy, and progressing women’s health.
Protecting vulnerable newborns from complications during birth, in the critical early weeks of life and exploring better treatments for childhood diseases.
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ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 5
Director’s report Today we are fortunate that over the last century average lifespans have increased dramatically, thanks to medical research discoveries changing and improving human health. However, this advancement has come with new challenges as we live longer with more complex health conditions. Inflammatory diseases and cancers are more common, human fertility is declining and although increasingly premature babies can be saved, many require lifelong medical care. The medical challenges to solve these complex health issues are considerable. Tackling our biggest health challenges requires highly specialised researchers to push the boundaries of discovery and pioneer new treatments and cures. Our research workforce is precious and needs strong national and international support. As a leading medical research institute, we have the welcome duty of training brilliant young minds to reach their full potential. These emerging research leaders are the ones who will work to solve today’s health problems and build tomorrow’s industries. In 2018, several of our outstanding mid and early career researchers received national recognition for their work. Four received highly competitive NHMRC Career Development Fellowships – congratulations to Dr Sam Forster, Dr Jaclyn Pearson, Associate Professor Rebecca Lim and Associate Professor Flora Wong. Additionally, Dr Cristina Giogha and Aidan Kashyap received esteemed Victoria Fellowships from the Victorian Government and Dr Erin McGillick and Dr Michelle Tate received prestigious national Tall Poppy Awards. Our students are valued and vibrant members of the Institute and passionate contributors to the precinct. To enrich and inspire their research experience, this year we held the
inaugural Hudson Institute student retreat at Phillip Island. The retreat provided the opportunity for students to discuss their research, develop further professional skills, and build networks with each other and with some of our senior researchers. We continue to drive research innovation with our clinical research partner, Monash Health. Many of our research programs integrate clinicians, nurses and clinical trial coordinators so that our discoveries are informed by patient need and positioned for clinical development. Throughout this Annual Report, you will see the outcomes of this incredible partnership. Key to ensuring that our discoveries reach people are partnerships with philanthropy and industry. I am immensely grateful to our diverse community of supporters, whose generous involvement makes our work possible. In particular, this year we welcomed to the Institute the Fowler Family (supporters of ovarian cancer research), the Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation, the Australian Lions Childhood Cancer Research Foundation and the Children’s Cancer Foundation. I thank our dedicated researchers, clinicians, students and our invaluable partners – all of whom bring passion and energy to improving the health of our community.
Professor Elizabeth Hartland Director and CEO
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Our precinct Delivering cutting edge research to patients
MONASH CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL
MONASH HEALTH
SCHOOL OF CLINICAL SCIENCES, MONASH UNIVERSITY
HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH FACILITY
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 7
Strength in collaboration Hudson Institute’s medical research programs span discovery and translational research and clinical trials. We progress scientific knowledge into new and innovative treatments and cures. Translational research requires the combined skills of scientists and clinicians to take laboratory discoveries through to clinical application, harnessing both scientific and clinical expertise to produce new drugs, devices or treatments that will improve the lives of patients. As a partner with Monash Health and Monash University, Hudson Institute researchers work directly with clinicians, enabling scientific breakthroughs to reach patients.
DISCOVERY RESEARCH
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
Exploring the biological mechanisms of disease.
Developing research discoveries into new diagnostics and treatments.
Precinct partners
CLINICAL TRIALS Testing for effectiveness and safety of medical advances in patients.
HEALTH OUTCOMES Improving the lives of patients by changing clinical practice and delivering better health outcomes.
8 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
STRENGTH IN COLLABORATION
World-first trial of placental cell treatment helping premature babies A world-first therapy using cells from the human placenta to repair the damaged lungs of premature babies is giving hope to families of the most vulnerable infants, like Flynn Minieri. This year, a team of Hudson Institute, Monash Children’s Hospital and Monash University researchers and clinicians completed a Phase I clinical trial of the innovative cell therapy, which could one day prevent preterm lung disease. The results of the clinical trial, the culmination of more than 10 years’ research, were published in the journal, STEM CELLS Translational Medicine. Six preterm babies with the chronic lung disease bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were given one low dose of amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) in the first-inhuman safety trial. The amnion cells are extracted from the amniotic sac, part of the human placenta that surrounds the baby during pregnancy. These cells are administered intravenously and work by attaching themselves to damaged lungs, kickstarting the baby’s own repair process. “This is the first step towards a therapy for vulnerable premature infants who currently have no other effective form of treatment,” Dr Rebecca Lim, head of the Amnion Cell Biology research group and joint first author of the study, said. “Our results show that this amnion cell therapy was well-tolerated and can be safely used in babies with lung disease.” BPD is the most common disease affecting premature babies. The smaller the baby, the greater the risk of them developing the disease and if BPD takes hold, there is no cure and it can cause multiple lifelong health impacts.
Giving infants a chance Flynn Minieri (see photo on inside front cover) was born at Monash Children’s at 25 weeks’ gestation, weighing 990 grams and one of the first babies to receive the treatment. Parents John and Kirsty Minieri wanted to take part in the trial because they recognised that there’s a desperate need for babies with BPD, like Flynn, to receive better care. “There is no doubt that when Flynn was in hospital, he benefited from treatments that were trialled on other babies, as well as the decisions of their brave parents deciding to take part in medical research,” John and Kirsty said. “We wanted to pass that hope on to other families.” Now in his third year, their ‘little fighter’ Flynn is a happy toddler and no longer needs oxygen support.
Next steps A larger clinical trial involving 24 extremely premature babies at risk of developing BPD is now underway to determine the best dosage and frequency for the cell treatment. “Our aim is to develop a treatment that could be rolled out in hospitals across the world to ‘rebuild’ the damaged lungs of premature babies in the days after birth, which could ultimately help increase survival rates and reduce complications,” Dr Atul Malhotra from Monash Children’s said. Former Victorian Minister for Health, Jill Hennessy, said the world-first development is another example that Victoria is home to some of the best and brightest medical researchers. “Developments like these have the power to change lives, save lives and give some of our most fragile infants a fighting chance,” Ms Hennessy said. Collaborators: Monash Children’s Hospital, Monash University, Royal Women’s Hospital Funders: Fielding Foundation, Hugh Rogers Foundation, NHMRC
Dr Rebecca Lim, Professor Euan Wallace, Dr Atul Malhotra and baby in NICU ward of the Monash Children’s Hospital
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 9
BPD facts • BPD is the most common disease affecting premature babies. • Almost one in 10 babies in Australia are born premature and up to 60 per cent of extremely premature babies will develop BPD. • BPD occurs when immature newborn or premature lungs are exposed to ventilation causing damage to tiny developing lungs. • BPD affects the alveoli, the tiny sacs in the lungs that enable the entry of oxygen into the bloodstream and the clearance of carbon dioxide from the body. • Babies with BPD often suffer severe lifelong complications. • There is currently no safe and effective treatment for BPD.
What are amnion epithelial cells? Dr Rebecca Lim
An amniotic epithelial cell is a stem-like cell extracted from the lining of the inner membrane of the placenta. They have the ability to grow into any cell in the body, in a similar way to stem cells. Each placenta produces about 150-200 million amnion cells.
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STRENGTH IN COLLABORATION
Could friendly bacteria be a cure for childhood IBD? Being a young person is hard enough, but life can be extremely challenging for those children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) – often called the ‘invisible illness’. IBD is an incurable lifelong disease for one in 200 Australians, including more than 10,000 children, that causes inflammation anywhere from the mouth to the anus. It’s often so severe that sufferers need to be hospitalised and may require surgery. Symptoms include frequent and severe diarrhoea, bleeding, abdominal pain, poor appetite, weight loss, tiredness, nausea, vomiting, fever, delayed growth and puberty. Currently IBD is kept under control using drugs that suppress the immune system, but these become less effective over time and can have significant side effects, leaving patients with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and lymphoma. In addition, the ongoing and chronic nature of IBD impacts a young patient’s emotional, physical and social wellbeing. Having IBD can cause severe embarrassment and disruption to a young patient’s education, employment and relationships, and the isolation and stress experienced can result in anxiety and depression.
Combining skills to find new treatments Hudson Institute and Monash Children’s Hospital researchers and clinicians are combining their expert skills to find new treatments to help young people with IBD. The Childhood IBD Research Program involves three emerging research leaders from Monash Health Translation Precinct – Dr Sam Forster, Dr Jaclyn Pearson (Hudson Institute) and Dr Edward Giles (Monash Children’s Hospital).
Changing the paradigm of IBD treatment The team are combining their expertise in clinical disease, genomics and immunology to identify common protective and inflammation-causing gut bacteria in children diagnosed with IBD and to identify treatments that target those bacteria. “Growing the bacteria from patient samples is not simple, but was pivotal to progress. With generous start-up support from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia and the Walter Cottman Equity Trust we have been able to overcome some of the initial technical challenges of working with complex bacterial samples. However, we need to do so much more,” said Dr Sam Forster. Already, the team have grown almost 2500 bacteria and identified around 20 of these bacteria that associate with bowel damage to proceed with more in-depth research. “If we can understand how these key bacteria initiate the disease symptoms, this research has immense potential to change the paradigm of IBD treatment,” said Dr Jaclyn Pearson. The team envisage that the bacteria could be targeted directly with treatments including personalised probiotics, antibiotics and faecal transplants, or indirectly through diet or immunomodulators. “Ultimately, through this work we will find new treatments that will reduce suffering, minimise hospital visits and reduce the need for surgery, optimising growth and psychosocial outcomes for young people,” said Dr Edward Giles.
IBD facts • IBD is the umbrella term for Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis – both are lifelong gastrointestinal disorders. • IBD is an emerging global disease with Australia having one of the highest rates in the world. • More than 80,000 Australians (one in 200) live with IBD, including an estimated 10,000 young people.
• IBD is increasing. More than 100,000 Australians are expected to have IBD by 2022. • IBD is being diagnosed in more and more young patients. • The total cost of caring for Australians with IBD is estimated at $3.1 billion each year, and that cost is expected to rise as the impact of the disease becomes more understood.
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 11
Dr Sam Forster, Dr Jaclyn Pearson and Dr Edward Giles
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Research outputs Grant funding received in 2018 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Other trusts and foundations
International grants
Cancer Australia
Children’s Cancer Foundation Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation Cerebral Palsy Alliance Victorian Cancer Agency Australian Research Council (ARC)
Funding bodies ($) National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Cancer Australia
Publications 14,682,315 964,144
Children's Cancer Foundation
712,114
Cerebral Palsy Alliance
644,668
Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation
571,949
Victorian Cancer Agency
357,250
Australian Research Council (ARC)
271,568
Other trusts and foundations Science and Industry Endowment Fund National Heart Foundation Robert Connor Dawes Foundation CASS Foundation Rebecca L Cooper Foundation Cancer Council Victoria LEW Carty Foundation Other trusts and foundations TOTAL
285,180 254,336 228,315 182,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 1,523,556 2,773,387
International grants Department of Defense (USA) Lupus Research Alliance Other international grants TOTAL
898,096 448,943 192,023 1,539,062
TOTAL
22,516,457
In 2018, Hudson Institute’s researchers published extensively in international peer-reviewed journals. Publication type Original research articles
2016
2017
2018
234
273
206 50
Reviews
28
36
Editorials and commentaries
11
20
17
Books and book chapters
19
10
28
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 13
Cancer
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Ovarian cancer researchers Dr Maree Bilandzic and Dr Andrew Stephens
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 15
CANCER
Early detection screening for ovarian cancer The early detection of ovarian cancer in women who don’t exhibit symptoms may be soon possible, simply through analysing a swab or blood sample. Hudson Institute scientist Dr Andrew Stephens is preparing to trial the Active Ratio Test, which researchers believe could increase five-year survival rates from less than 30 to 90 per cent. Around 300 at-risk women, who carry heritable mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes that predispose them to having ovarian cancer, will participate in the trial. Vague and misleading symptoms, combined with the need for invasive surgery for diagnosis, are what contribute to mostly advanced-stage diagnosis and poor survival rates. Dr Stephens’ research has found that ovarian cancers are very good at hiding from the immune system. His team identified a protein produced early on by the tumours that should sound an alarm to activate the immune system, but these molecules were not working
properly in ovarian cancer tissues. A change in the molecule meant the immune system was switched off instead of on. “Our ‘Active Ratio Test’ is based around that finding,” Dr Stephens said. “It measures those changes to give an indication of the presence of a growing tumour. It’s encouraging because we detect the largest amount of change at the earliest stage, when the cancer is still confined to the ovary.” “Ultimately, we want to get the test into a routine screening program as a regular health check for women,” Dr Stephens said. Collaborators: Biomedical and Health Innovation, RMIT University; Gynaecological Oncology, Monash Medical Centre Funders: Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation (OCRF)
Ovarian cancer facts • Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecological disease, with a lower survival rate than both breast and cervical cancer. Only 30 per cent of women diagnosed with late stage ovarian cancer will survive beyond five years. However, if detected and treated earlier, survival rates increase to more than 90 per cent. • Every year, more than 1600 Australian women are diagnosed with the disease and it claims the lives of more than 1000.
• It is known as the silent killer, as women with early stage ovarian cancer commonly do not present with any symptoms. This means the disease is often not detected until the advanced stages when it has spread beyond the ovaries. • Ovarian cancer can affect any woman at any life stage.
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CANCER
Hope for early stomach cancer diagnosis A family of genes that could more accurately detect stomach cancer in its early stages and improve survival rates has been identified. Stomach or gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. It is caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the lining, or mucosa, of the stomach. In 2015, there were 1150 deaths from stomach cancer in Australia. Professor Brendan Jenkins and first author Dr Liang Yu analysed the genetic data from 900 patients with the aim of identifying a more accurate system to classify early stomach cancer and improve patient survival. The study, published in the journal Clinical Cancer Research, identified a unique genetic pattern that measures key indicators of early stomach cancer, including tumour invasion depth, how the cancer cells behave, the degree of malignancy, and stage. This level of detail provides clinicians with a more accurate prognosis compared to the current system used to classify the stage of these cancers.
Dr Liang Yu, a postdoctoral scientist, said the findings provide greater choice for clinicians and patients. “A patient’s prognosis largely depends on when their tumour is detected. Using these genes would greatly improve the classification of early stage tumours in terms of accuracy and sensitivity,” Dr Yu said. “We can use this signature to help doctors determine which patients with stomach cancer only require endoscopic treatment, a less invasive option to avoid radical surgery, and therefore significantly improve the patient’s quality of life,” Dr Yu said. Collaborators: Duke-NUS Medical School; Kanazawa University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Adelaide; UNC-Chapel Hill Funders: Cancer Council Victoria
“A patient’s prognosis largely depends on when their tumour is detected. Using these genes would greatly improve the classification of early stage tumours in terms of accuracy and sensitivity.” DR LIANG YU
Professor Brendan Jenkins and Dr Liang Yu
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 17
Turbo-charging chemotherapy for lung cancer A naturally occurring hormone could help make chemotherapy more effective, while at the same time protecting against its damaging side effects to the kidney, thanks to an innovative discovery by Hudson Institute researchers. Most patients with lung cancer are treated with a chemotherapy drug called cisplatin, but less than a third of patients experience any benefit from this treatment and many will develop side effects from the drug, including kidney damage. Dr Jason Cain and then PhD student Dr Kieren Marini, working in collaboration with Professor Neil Watkins (Garvan Institute), found that a protein called activin is a culprit in both chemotherapy resistance and chemotherapyinduced kidney damage.
Collaborators: Garvan Institute Funders: Cancer Council NSW; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; NHMRC; Paranta Biosciences; Petre Foundation; St Vincent’s Clinic Foundation; Victorian Cancer Agency; Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support Program
“In chemotherapy-resistant tumours in mice, activin gets switched on in response to the damage caused by chemotherapy,” said Dr Cain. “Cancer cells can then enlist activin to protect themselves. At the same time, when activin is switched on, it promotes kidney injury.”
Casual chat leads to breakthrough In the 1980s, Hudson Institute Distinguished Scientist Professor David de Krester discovered the naturally occurring protein follistatin and its ability to block the damaging inflammatory effects of activin in the body. A chance conversation between the then colleagues, Prof Watkins and Prof de Kretser, led the team down a path of combining follistatin and platinum chemotherapy in preclinical trials. The team found that the addition of follistatin to platinum chemotherapy not only increased the odds of success of treatment with the drug from 10 to 70 per cent, it also reduced the chances of kidney damage.
Clinical trials The study, published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, has laid the groundwork for clinical trials of the combination therapy in patients. “Discoveries like this one – a combination therapy that actually reduces damage while improving effectiveness of chemotherapy – are exceedingly rare in cancer research,” Dr Cain said. “Many of us have heard about the devastating side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients. This discovery has the potential to not only increase the effectiveness of platinum chemotherapy, but also give patients a better quality of life by preventing kidney damage.”
“Discoveries like this one – a combination therapy that actually reduces damage while improving effectiveness of chemotherapy – are exceedingly rare in cancer research.” DR JASON CAIN
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CANCER
L-R: Mr Jeremy Smith, Chairman, Children’s Cancer Foundation; Professor Elizabeth Hartland; Associate Professor Ron Firestein; Ms Aileen Boyd-Squires, CEO, Children’s Cancer Foundation; Dr Peter Downie, Head of the Children’s Cancer Centre at Monash Children’s Hospital; Mr Nigel Garrard, Board Member, Hudson Institute
Experts tackle children’s cancer More than 150 leading scientists and clinicians working in childhood cancer attended the annual International Childhood Cancer Research Symposium held in February. The symposium is a key scientific event building vital links for sharing the latest frontline knowledge between research laboratories and paediatric oncology clinics to progress solutions for childhood cancer.
funded with a generous $1.3 million grant from the Children’s Cancer Foundation. The program focuses on improving outcomes for children with brain cancers and solid tumours.
Scientific presentations at the annual symposium highlighted developments and discoveries in paediatric brain tumours, translational research advances and cancer precision medicine.
In collaboration with Monash Children’s Hospital, the Royal Children’s Hospital and Monash University, the program has established a living biobank of paediatric solid tumours – including living organoid or lab-grown ‘mini-tumours’ – to trial and develop new, targeted treatments and improve survival rates for childhood cancer.
Renowned international speakers working in childhood cancer came from The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (USA), The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada), KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (Singapore), Queensland Brain Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Monash University.
Childhood cancer precision medicine program launched At the close of the symposium, the Hudson Monash Paediatric Precision Medicine Program was announced,
“Every child’s tumour is genetically unique and responds to cancer treatment in a different way. Knowledge of the genetic variability of paediatric tumours is building at a fast pace and this program is translating this critical information into a pipeline of treatment,” said Associate Professor Ron Firestein. “Current treatment options including chemotherapy and radiation can have devastating long-term health effects for childhood cancer survivors. Our aim is to develop effective, targeted treatment options with fewer side effects for these young patients, which may improve long-term survival.”
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Associate Professor Ron Firestein
Setting the foundations In 2018 the Hudson Monash Paediatric Precision Medicine Program made significant progress. Leading cancer researchers, paediatric oncologists, bioinformaticians and pathologists from Australia and abroad were recruited to form the Children’s Cancer Foundation Research Laboratory. Using their highly specialised skills, the team’s initial work focused on harnessing multiple advances in science and technology to establish a living biobank of childhood brain tumours and solid cancers that will be used to accelerate new treatments for children with cancer. “The biobank and drug-screening data are the vital foundations that will ultimately enable oncologists to tap into a vast pool of information, giving children with brain cancer the best chance of survival,” said Associate Professor Ron Firestein. Funding for multiple state-of-the-art technologies support the team’s work, including a cutting-edge Whole Genome CRISPR Library for genetic screens and four drug libraries, providing more than 2000 individual compounds that are FDA approved or in late stage clinical trials.
Vital data By December, the team had collected and cultured more than 90 tumour samples for the living biobank, mostly from Victoria (nearly doubling the target number). To achieve this, the team brought together multiple disperse scientific discoveries and new technologies into a highly specialised and streamlined pipeline. “Our results are achieved by a strong focus on individualised and targeted solutions. Each tumour sample is vital for the
biobank, but not all samples respond to standard culturing. Extremely high success rates have come from culturing samples using multiple methods,” said A/Prof Firestein. After culturing, each tumour sample is tested for sensitivity to more than 2000 drugs and drug combinations to produce the drug-screen data. “Our hope is that this vital information will eventually be at oncologists’ finger tips, enabling them to match the most effective drug to a child’s tumour type.”
Collaborative networks The team also established data-sharing networks with paediatric cancer experts around the globe, enabling them to tap into vast real-time data pools and accelerate treatments. Their networks span four continents including 33 health services, universities and research centres. In September, the team became the first Australian member of the US-based Children’s Brain Tumour Tissue Consortium (CBTTC), working with multiple institutes from the US, Europe and China, including Weill Cornell Medicine and Stanford University. The CBTTC membership also gives the team access to the newly established Pediatric Brain Tumour Atlas – one of the most comprehensive collections of childhood brain tumour data that will allow the team to tap into a wealth of information and progress treatments.
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CANCER
L-R: Dr Simon Chu, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, Dr Andrew Stephens, Ms Lucinda Nolan CEO, Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation
Inaugural symposium progresses understanding of ovarian cancer The inaugural Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation (OCRF) Symposium held in November gathered ovarian cancer researchers and clinicians from across Australia to progress solutions to this devastating disease. Held at Hudson Institute and hosted by OCRF, the symposium provided opportunities for more than 40 ovarian cancer scientists and clinicians to present research discoveries, network and forge new collaborations. Hudson Institute Director, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, said scientific symposiums are vital for facilitating important knowledge and connections in medical research. “Ultimately this leads to discoveries and better outcomes for the 1613 Australian women diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year,” said Prof Hartland. Established in 2000, OCRF supports ovarian cancer research by funding scientific grants aimed at saving women’s lives through early detection and personalised treatment. “We are very excited about establishing the inaugural Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium. We know the importance of collaboration and communication in progressing the understanding of this deadly disease and that research is the key to finding a cure,” said OCRF CEO, Lucinda Nolan.
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 21
Inflammation
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Dr Samuel Forster
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INFLAMMATION
Rethinking UTIs New knowledge about bacteria in the bladder could fundamentally change how urinary tract infections (UTIs) are treated. UTIs are painful infections that occur when bacteria enter the bladder, urethra or kidneys and multiply to cause infection. A simple treatment of prescribed antibiotics usually kills the bacteria, but each year more than 70,000 Australians are hospitalised with kidney and urinary tract infections, which can lead to death, particularly in older people. The rapid rise of antibiotic resistance in the bacteria that cause UTIs, such as E. coli, means we urgently need new and more effective ways of treating and managing UTIs. The findings of a study by Dr Samuel Forster with collaborators at the Wellcome Sanger Institute (Cambridge, UK) and Loyola University Chicago (USA), published in Nature Communications, challenges more than 100 years of medical dogma, showing that bacteria in the female reproductive tract can inhabit the bladder without causing clinical infection. “The female bladder has long been considered sterile, except in women with UTIs caused by invading bacteria,” Research Group Head Dr Forster said. “Now we know that the bladder has its own resident bacterial populations.”
UTI facts • UTIs are common – particularly in women, babies and older people. • Around one in two women and one in 20 men will get a UTI in their lifetime. • Standard antibiotic therapy fails in 25 to 35 per cent of people with acute UTIs.
“This raises the question – if antibiotics are used to kill the ‘bad’ bacteria in patients with UTIs, could this also upset the balance of healthy bacteria that may have a protective effect – much like in the gut?” he said.
Living library of bacteria The team isolated and genome-sequenced 149 strains of bacteria found in urine samples from 77 healthy and symptomatic women, then grew them in the laboratory to create a ‘living library’ of bacteria. When the team examined the genetic profiles of these bladder bacteria, they found that startlingly, up to two thirds of the species found in the bladder were also common to the reproductive tract. “This ‘crossover’ suggests the female bladder is not sterile, and forms part of an interconnected bacterial community with the female reproductive tract,” Dr Forster said. Collaborators: Loyola University Chicago (USA); Wellcome Sanger Institute (Cambridge, UK) Funders: CJ Martin Biomedical Fellowship; NHMRC
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INFLAMMATION
Cancer therapies trigger the innate immune system Cancer occurs when cells develop dangerous mutations that allow them to inappropriately survive and proliferate. Drugs targeting cell survival pathways have been developed to encourage cancer cell death. Our understanding of how these drugs eliminate cancer will be critical for their use in the clinic. A collaborative study led by Hudson Institute’s Dr Kate Lawlor and published in Cell Reports has shown that some anti-cancer drugs that trigger the death of cancer cells also cause a potent immune response that may additionally prevent their growth. These cancer treatments may therefore be more powerful than once thought, and deliver a ‘double-hit’ to cancer cells, potentially stopping cancer progression in some patients. “Until now, scientists have believed that drugs targeting the BCL-2 protein family kill cancer cells in only one way. Our work shows that these chemotherapy drugs may not only kill the cells during cancer treatment, but may also activate the body’s own immune system to prevent further tumour and blood cancer growth,” Dr Lawlor said.
Dr Lawlor said this new knowledge opens up the potential for improved cancer treatments that take advantage of the body’s own immune response. This finding could also advance other treatments where cells exist in ‘stressful’ environments, such as bacterial and viral infections, arthritis and type 2 diabetes. In future work, Dr Lawlor’s team hope to test the effectiveness of this drug combination in cancer patient cells, and determine the diseases where we need to limit or enhance this form of cell death. Collaborators: Australian National University; National Institute of Biological Sciences, China; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute Funders: NHMRC
“Until now, scientists have believed that drugs targeting the BCL-2 protein family kill cancer cells in only one way. Our work shows that these chemotherapy drugs may not only kill the cells during cancer treatment, but may also activate the body’s own immune system to prevent further tumour and blood cancer growth.” DR KATE LAWLOR
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Hidden gene may hold TB secret Knowledge of how a gene ‘communicates’ could hold the innovative key to improving resistance to a disease that kills millions of people globally each year. Professor Paul Hertzog and Dr Nicky de Weerd were part of a vital study published in Nature Communications that found a genetic variation in the IFNAR1 gene is associated with a protective effect to tuberculosis (TB). Their work is part of a larger program led by Prof Hertzog on the roles of type 1 interferons in inflammatory diseases and cancer. “Understanding the way the IFNAR protein works could help scientists reduce vulnerability to the disease, combat drug resistance and aid in the development of targeted therapeutics,” said Prof Hertzog. Australians are now largely protected from TB due to our high standards of healthcare and historical record of vaccinating against TB, but the disease continues to pose a significant global public health challenge. In 2016, more than 10 million people worldwide contracted TB and 1.7 million died from it, making it one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Some of Australia’s nearest neighbours (including Indonesia, India and the Philippines) have some of the highest rates of TB infection in the world. Understanding how the immune system fights TB infection may lead to new treatments for this age-old disease. Collaborators: Centenary Institute, University of Sydney; Guangdong Medical University; Sichuan University; Shenzhen University School of Medicine; Sun Yet-sen University Funders: NHMRC
Professor Paul Hertzog and Dr Nicky de Weerd
“Understanding the way the IFNAR protein works could help scientists reduce vulnerability to the disease, combat drug resistance and aid in the development of targeted therapeutics.” PROF PAUL HERTZOG
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INFLAMMATION
Inaugural oration honours Professor Elizabeth Hartland Hudson Institute Director, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, has been honoured for her outstanding leadership and mentorship of young researchers in the field of immunology and infectious diseases. The inaugural Hartland Oration was presented at the annual Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference held in Victoria in February 2018.
“I am very proud of the momentum and support that we have created for infection and immunity research over the last several years,” Prof Hartland said.
The oration will be presented each year by the best early career researcher from the Victorian Infection and Immunity Network (VIIN), which brings together researchers in immunology, microbiology and related disciplines from across Victoria. Hosted by Hudson Institute, the network includes 1200 members and 15 institutional supporters, whose common goal is solving problems in infectious diseases and immunology through research collaboration.
“Our inclusive policy means that every researcher, from junior to senior level, with an interest in infection and immunity can enjoy interactions with their peers at several VIIN events, thereby building their own networks.”
The oration recognises Prof Hartland’s contributions in co-founding the Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference alongside Professor Paul Hertzog in 2011, and her role as a supportive mentor for early career researchers and students in the field.
Professor Elizabeth Hartland and 2018 Hartland Orator, Dr Angela Pizzolla
As VIIN Co-Convenor (2009-2017), Professor Hartland had key roles in co-convening the Lorne Infection and Immunity Conferences (2011-2017), the VIIN Industry Alliance (2012-2014) and the VIIN Young Investigator Symposia (2009-2016).
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Reproductive health
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Dr Jemma Evans
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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
How diet affects fertility A simple change in diet could be the key to improving fertility and a healthy pregnancy in some women. A study by Dr Jemma Evans, published in the journal Human Reproduction, found that women with obesity, who are more prone to infertility and pregnancy complications, had elevated levels of toxic proteins known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Dr Evans and her team discovered that AGEs trigger inflammation in the womb, making it more difficult for an embryo to implant and potentially reducing the likelihood of a pregnancy occurring.
Dr Evans has started a clinical trial to test whether a simple eight-week dietary intervention – known to improve health in diseases such as diabetes – could reduce these toxic factors in the womb and help more women fall pregnant and achieve healthier pregnancies. “If successful, the treatment may become a more holistic way to improve fertility and potentially avoid the need for costly measures such as IVF,” Dr Evans said.
“This is the first time anyone has demonstrated in laboratory studies that specific toxic factors in the womb can compromise fertility,” Dr Evans said. “These toxic ‘by-products’ alter the cells in the lining of the womb,” Dr Evans said. “In addition, AGEs interfere with placental development, which could contribute to pregnancy complications.”
Collaborators: Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University Funders: Fielding Foundation Fellowship; Monash IVF; Society for Reproductive Investigation Bridge Grant
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) facts • AGEs are harmful compounds that are produced when proteins or fats combine in the bloodstream after consumption of sugary, highly processed or browned foods. • Foods that have been exposed to high temperatures, as in grilling, frying or toasting, tend to be very high in these compounds. • When AGES accumulate in high levels, they increase the risk of developing many different diseases.
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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Small protein could solve big fertility puzzle Women with unexplained infertility could achieve a healthy pregnancy thanks to Dr Tracey Edgell’s discovery of a protein impacting the uterine environment. Dr Edgell’s research focus is on identifying the optimum endometrial environment for an embryo to implant, helping women achieve healthy pregnancies. In a study published in the journal Cytokine, Dr Edgell identified a number of proteins elevated in the womb with unexplained infertility, including a protein called CSF3, which has a range of effects in different women. In fertile women, CSF3 promotes the growth of cells in the lining of the womb so that an embryo can implant more easily. However, at higher concentrations detected in some women with unexplained infertility, this positive effect was lost.
Fertility facts • An estimated 121 million couples experience infertility worldwide, with around half seeking medical assistance. • Victoria’s IVF success rate is about 28 per cent. • The costs of IVF to the Australian healthcare system are substantial. In 2015, the taxpayer contributed $254M to infertility treatment – a 50 per cent increase from 2007.
Currently, CSF3 is occasionally used in IVF as a complementary treatment either prior to embryo transfer to promote development of a pregnancy, or in the early stages of pregnancy of women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. “However, our study revealed that for women with elevated levels of CSF3 who were trying to fall pregnant, raising these CSF3 levels even further could stop a pregnancy occurring,” Dr Edgell said. Dr Edgell aims to develop a treatment to ‘rebalance’ naturally high CSF3 levels in women with infertility. This would enable an embryo to implant and provide a better chance of pregnancy occurring naturally. “Our ultimate goal is to target CSF3 in a treatment for women with unexplained fertility so they can become pregnant without the need for costly, invasive and stressful IVF procedures,” Dr Edgell said. Collaborators: Monash Health; Monash IVF; Monash University Funders: Fielding Foundation; Monash IVF Research and Education Fund; NHMRC Dr Tracey Edgell
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Dad’s health at conception could impact children Women trying to fall pregnant are encouraged to avoid smoking and drinking alcohol, but new research is bringing the lifestyle and health of men wanting to become fathers into the spotlight. A study by Associate Professor Patrick Western with first author, Dr Jessica Stringer, published in the journal BMC Biology, has identified a new pathway of non-genetic inheritance by which a father’s health prior to conception may affect the health of his children.
Collaborators: Monash University; University of Adelaide; University of Melbourne Funders: NHMRC
A/Prof Western said the research substantially extends the understanding of how fathers pass on epigenetic information that may affect the health of their children. The discovery means a father’s lifestyle choices – including diet, alcohol, drugs, smoking and medications – could be linked to the development of his children. The epigenome provides a layer of complexity on top of one’s DNA. It’s like a set of instructions that determine whether a gene can be ‘switched’ on and off, or a ‘roadmap’ that defines cell types in the body. A/Prof Western and Dr Stringer uncovered how an epigenetic modifying complex, called PRC2, regulates nongenetic information transmitted from a father to his offspring via sperm. “For the first time, we demonstrated that altered function of PRC2 in mouse sperm, before eggs are fertilised, caused epigenetic effects on development and gene expression that could be ‘inherited’ by the father’s offspring,” Dr Stringer explained. “We can now look at how specific drugs, diets or environmental factors affect PRC2 function as well as the sperm epigenome to help provide up-to-date information to men wanting to become fathers,” A/Prof Western said. Associate Professor Patrick Western and Dr Jessica Stringer
Epigenetics facts • Epigenetics refers to heritable marks in the DNA that determine whether a gene can be ‘switched’ on and off, changing how cells read genes, without causing changes in the underlying DNA sequence. • The epigenome provides a layer of complexity on top of our DNA. It’s like a set of instructions or ‘road-map’ that defines cell types in the body.
• Epigenetic control of genes is part of what allows a tiny cluster of identical cells in the womb to grow into a fully formed baby. By regulating different sets of genes that can be switched on and off, some cells become heart cells while others become brain cells. • Importantly, epigenetic pathways can be disrupted by exposure to lifestyle factors, like diet, drugs and chemicals, providing a means by which health state in a parent can affect his or her future children.
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REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Inaugural Salamonsen Lecture and CRH Reproductive Health Symposium The contributions of reproductive health expert Professor Lois Salamonsen were recognised as part of the newly established Salamonsen Lecture held at the inaugural Centre for Reproductive Health Symposium in October. The events brought together Australian and international leaders in reproductive biology to share cutting edge research in preeclampsia, pregnancy and infertility affecting women and men.
central to female fertility. She has shown how the embryo and the womb cooperate to support a healthy pregnancy. Her work on embryo-maternal cross talk continues to deliver new concepts to improve IVF success rates.
Prof Salamonsen, former Head of Hudson Institute’s Centre for Reproductive Health, has made outstanding contributions to the field of endometrial biology over the past 30 years. She is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Sciences.
The Salamonsen Lecture was delivered by Professor Yoel Sadovksy, Executive Director of the Magee-Women’s Research Institute, USA, a world-renowned leader in the field of placental biology.
Prof Salamonsen’s innovative research has advanced knowledge of menstruation and gynaecological conditions
The Symposium included national speakers Associate Professor Louise Hull, Dr Peter Stanton, Professor Sarah Robertson, Professor Mark Hedger and Dr Stacey Ellery.
L-R: Dr Jemma Evans, Professor Guiying Nie, Professor Lois Salamonsen, Professor Yoel Sadovsky
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Children’s health
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CHILDREN’S HEALTH
Helping newborns breathe Could keeping a newborn baby connected to the breathing support of their mother at birth ensure a smoother and safer entry into the world? A new clinical trial is putting innovative Hudson Institute research into practice and will provide evidence to help clinicians decide the best time to cut the umbilical cord. Around 1000 newborn babies born after 32 weeks will be part of the clinical trial at Monash Health and the Royal Women’s Hospital. The Baby Directed Umbilical Cord Clamping (Baby DUCC) clinical trial is based on a feasibility study published in the journal Resuscitation, led by researchers from Hudson Institute, Monash University and the Royal Women’s Hospital. The study found newborns who need assistance with breathing after birth can be safely helped by medical staff while remaining connected to their mothers via the umbilical cord, providing optimum outcomes. These newborns had more stable oxygen levels and heart rates, as well as avoiding a potentially dangerous drop in heart rate – often seen when a baby’s cord is clamped immediately after birth. The trial will use a baby’s vital signs as the deciding factor on when to cut the umbilical
cord rather than relying on a set time said lead author, Hudson Institute and Monash University PhD student, Dr Douglas Blank. “The technique takes advantage of a powerful, safe and free resource available to newborns worldwide – their mother and placenta,” Dr Blank said. “This study may change the way clinicians help all newborns to breathe after birth, with no need for new equipment, just a change in timing. If successful, this technique could be used in virtually any setting.” A larger trial is underway to determine whether this technique can also be used to reduce death and brain damage resulting from birth asphyxia. Collaborators: Monash University; Royal Women’s Hospital; The University of Melbourne Funders: Monash Graduate Education: the Monash Graduate Scholarship, Monash International Postgraduate Research Scholarship; NHMRC
Translation to breathing facts • More than five per cent of newborns born worldwide need help breathing immediately after birth. • Worldwide, more than 800,000 newborns die annually because they do not breathe well after birth. • The majority of newborns that die are born in developing countries but are born at fullterm and are otherwise completely healthy.
• Birth asphyxia is a result of a newborn being deprived of oxygen for long enough during the birth process to cause physical harm, usually to the brain. • Babies with mild or moderate birth asphyxia may recover fully. Babies who have long periods of asphyxia may develop permanent injury, which could affect their brain, heart, lungs, kidneys or other organs.
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CHILDREN’S HEALTH
Boys, girls and intersex conditions It’s the ‘I’ in ‘LGBTIQ’ – each year, one in 5000 babies are born intersex, also called disorders of sex development. A baby who is born intersex means they have certain sex characteristics, including genetic, hormonal or physical features, which are not typically male or female. Hudson Institute-led research is shining a light on the fundamental processes that cause embryos to develop as male, which may help to improve diagnosis and treatment for people born intersex. Scientists have already established that the protein SOX9 is a crucial regulator of male sex development, directing the testes to form within a developing embryo. Yet how SOX9 did this remained a mystery, until now. Research led by Professor Vincent Harley and PhD student Aleisha Symon, published in Nucleic Acids Research, has solved the puzzle by showing that SOX9 works with two other proteins to turn hundreds of genes on or off to form testes. This research will help to identify the genes involved in male sex determination and examine the role of these genes in sex development disorders that have a genetic basis. “SOX9 ‘turns on’ male genes, like a switch turning on a light bulb, to determine the sex of an embryo. Before we made this discovery, we did not understand which light bulbs these were, or how many SOX9 need to switch on to be male,” Prof Harley said. “This research provides the first insights into how SOX9 controls testes formation through its unique control of genes, and will help to improve our understanding of the genetic pathways that are activated when embryos develop as male or intersex.”
Collaborators: The University of Montpellier (France) in collaboration with laboratories in Argentina and France Funders: NHMRC Program and Fellowship grants to Prof Harley; Monash PhD stipend to Aleisha Symon
PhD student Aleisha Symon and Professor Vincent Harley
Disorders of sex development facts • Around one per cent of babies are born each year with a disorder of sex development, or intersex, where their genetic, hormonal or physical sex characteristics (genitals, gonads and chromosome patterns) are not typically male or female.
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‘Sleep hormone’ skin patch could protect at-risk newborns A simple melatonin skin patch treatment containing a naturally occurring ‘sleep hormone’ could help protect newborn babies from brain damage caused by oxygen deprivation at birth. Melatonin is a hormone that is produced naturally by the body in the pineal gland. It is known to induce sleep and is sometimes taken to counter jet lag. It is also a powerful antioxidant. Published in the Journal of Pineal Research, a study by PhD student Dr James Aridas and Associate Professor Suzanne Miller is paving the way for melatonin to be used as a treatment for babies starved of oxygen at birth. In the study, the research team applied melatonin skin patches within 24 hours after birth in a preclinical model of birth asphyxia. “We found that melatonin protects the brain against an acute lack of oxygen, by reducing harmful free radicals and inflammation, which in turn protects neuronal development and results in better neonatal outcomes,” Dr Aridas explained.
Neonatologist and researcher Dr Atul Malhotra is investigating how this knowledge could be used to help newborns in low-resource birth settings in rural India. “We hope that a simple, safe and effective melatonin skin patch could be the key to improving the lives of millions of babies around the world who are born starved of oxygen, from world-class neonatal intensive care units to rural India,” Dr Aridas said. Collaborators: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University; Monash Children’s Hospital; Murdoch Children’s Research Institute Funders: ARC; NHMRC; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Associate Professor Suzanne Miller
Dr James Aridas
Birth asphyxia facts • Each year worldwide, up to four million babies suffer a difficult birth resulting in birth asphyxia. • Of these infants, a quarter will die and a quarter will survive, but are likely to have permanent disabilities. • There is currently no effective form of treatment to protect the brain in most babies born with birth asphyxia.
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Research excellence NHMRC Career Development Fellowships
Associate Professor Rebecca Lim Industry Level 2
Dr Jaclyn Pearson RD Wright Biomedical Level 1
Associate Professor Flora Wong Next Generation Clinical Researchers Program
NHMRC Early Career Fellowship
Dr Sam Forster RD Wright Biomedical Level 1
NHMRC Research Fellowships In 2018 four of our senior researchers were awarded NHRMC Research Fellowships – a recognition of their outstanding achievements and the importance of their research.
Professor Stuart Hooper Senior Principal Research Fellowship
Professor Vincent Harley Senior Research Fellowship
Professor Brendan Jenkins Senior Research Fellowship
Associate Professor Ron Firestein Senior Research Fellowship
Dr Vanessa Stojanovska
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Emerging researchers shine We celebrate our early to mid career researchers who were recognised for their outstanding work and contributions to medical research. veski Victoria Fellowships veski Fellows shape Victoria’s economy by driving new ideas and products in our industries and enhance the state’s reputation as a global centre for innovation and discoveries. In 2018, two young Institute researchers, Dr Cristina Giogha and Aidan Kashyap, received highly esteemed Victoria Fellowships funded by the Victorian Government and delivered through veski. They will visit New York and the Netherlands to explore leading-edge techniques and devices that will progress their research, and bring that knowledge back to Victoria. L-R: Dr Cristina Giogha, Victorian Lead Scientist Dr Amanda Caples, Aidan Kashyap
Tall Poppy Science Awards Dr Michelle Tate and Dr Erin McGillick were two of 11 Victorian early career researchers who received prestigious Tall Poppy Awards – an acknowledgment of their outstanding science achievements and excellence in engaging the community in science and innovation.
Dr Michelle Tate and Dr Erin McGillick
Ferring Innovation Grants Dr Tracey Edgell and Dr Fiona Cousins were two of only eight international researchers to receive Ferring Innovation Grants focused on exploratory, discovery and preclinical research into novel drug targets. Those selected from a record number of applications are considered to be at the cutting edge of innovation in their fields. Dr Tracey Edgell
Dr Fiona Cousins
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Student impact 179 STUDENTS 138 PHD 2 MASTERS 39 HONOURS
25
74
STUDENTS WITH MEDICAL TRAINING
STUDENT FIRST AUTHOR PUBLICATIONS
We mentor, train and inspire the next generation of pioneering researchers by providing postgraduate and Honours students with the skills and tools they need to succeed. We are committed to mentoring tomorrow’s research leaders and ensuring Victoria’s future discoveries – for patients and for our economy.
More than 179 Honours, Masters and PhD students work alongside our senior researchers and their teams, contributing to projects at the Institute and publishing their own work in prestigious scientific journals. Our learning environment fosters excellence and innovation to help students develop the confidence and tools to succeed. Through one-on-one supervision and mentorship by our international scientific leaders, our students have access to state-of-the-art resources and technology platforms and development opportunities including workshops, seminars and national and international conference opportunities.
Student Retreat The Hudson Institute Student Society (HISS) provides an incredible support network and study-life balance for all Institute students. Run by and for students, HISS hosts onand off-site social events and student symposia. In 2018, HISS held the inaugural Hudson Institute Student Retreat at Phillip Island in September. Held over two days, more than 70 students joined in, to present their research to an audience of peers and senior Institute researchers and to learn, collaborate and network across the Institute. “The retreat set a high standard with many outstanding student presentations highlighting the strength of work at the Institute. The social events reinforced the potential for new collaborations and, both staff and students benefited from the opportunity to build their research networks. I’m looking forward to the second Hudson Institute student retreat in 2020,” said HISS President, Poornima Wijayaratne.
2018 HISS Committee
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Graduates of 2018 Congratulations to our 27 PhD and 39 Honours students who graduated Doctor of Philosophy Dr Nicole Alers Neonatal neurodevelopment after antioxidant with melatonin during late pregnancy in an ovine model of intrauterine growth restriction Prof Graham Jenkin, A/Prof Suzanne Miller, Prof Euan Wallace Dr Majid Gharama Alhomrani How human amnion epithelial cells alter hepatic stellate cells and macrophages to resolve hepatic fibrosis Prof William Sievert, A/Prof Rebecca Lim
Dr Jibriil Patrick Ibrahim The implications of pulmonary oxytocin delivery on respiratory function Dr Rob Bischof, Prof Michelle McIntosh Dr Tan Hung (Dilys) Leung Investigation of the pathophysiology of granulosa cell tumours of the ovary Prof Peter Fuller, Dr Simon Chu Dr Jingang Li Cord blood stem cells to reduce preterm brain injury A/Prof Suzanne Miller, Prof Graham Jenkin, A/Prof Flora Wong, Dr Tamara Yawno
Dr James Aridas Protecting the newborn brain following asphyxia at birth A/Prof Suzanne Miller, Prof Graham Jenkin, Dr Tamara Yawno
Dr Hannah Pui Yun Loke The role of SRY in normal and diseased male dopamine pathways Dr Joohyung Lee, Prof Vincent Harley
Dr Jesse Jay Balic Investigation into the metabolic role of STAT3 in gastric cancer Prof Brendan Jenkins, Dr Daniel Gough
Dr Raffaella Lucciola Identifying transcriptional networks in purified endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) Prof Caroline Gargett, Prof Jan Brosens
Dr Nadia Bellofiore Discovery and characterisation of the first menstruating rodent: The spiny mouse for use as an in vivo model of reproductive biology Dr Jemma Evans, A/Prof Peter Temple-Smith, Dr Fiona Cousins
Dr Jared Peter Mamrot Early development biology of the spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) Dr Hayley Dickinson, Prof David Gardner, Dr Mulyoto Pangestu
Dr William Archer Berry Advancing personalised medicine for pancreatic cancer patients Prof Brendan Jenkins, Dr Daniel Croagh Dr Laura Bienvenu Cardiomyocyte mineralocorticoid receptor signalling plays a critical role in ischemiareperfusion injury and recovery of cardiac function Dr Morag Young Dr Emma Croser Innate immunity of mice to Hendra virus infection Prof Paul Hertzog, Dr Deborah Middleton Dr Christopher Daly Mesenchymal precursor cells, pentosan polysulfate and lumbar disc regeneration A/Prof Tony Goldschlager, Prof Graham Jenkin, Prof Peter Ghosh Dr Kimberley Natalie D’Costa Effect of Helicobacter pylori interactions with host epithelial cells on inflammation and disease Prof Richard Ferrero, Dr Le Son Tran Dr Harriet Christel Fitzgerald Analysis of the proliferative phase uterine microenvironment and its potential contribution to idiopathic infertility in women Prof Lois Salamonsen, Dr Tracey Edgell Dr Seungmin (Jimmy) Ham The effect of metformin on signalling pathways involving LKB1/AMPK in breast cancer Prof Peter Temple-Smith, Dr Craig Harrison, Prof Euan Wallace, A/Prof Graeme Southwick
Dr Zoe Rebecca Marks Investigation of Type 1 interferon and immune signalling in breast and ovarian cancers Prof Paul Hertzog, Dr Nollaig Bourke Dr Charlotte Nejad Characterisation of a new type of microRNA inhibitor to target cancer cells Dr Michael Gantier, Dr Jonathan Ferrand Dr Madison Claire Paton Cord blood stem cells: preventing cerebral palsy A/Prof Suzanne Miller, Prof Graham Jenkin, Dr Beth Allison, A/Prof Michael Fahey, Dr Courtney McDonald Dr Rahana Abdul Rahman New adjuvant therapy for preterm pre-eclampsia Prof Euan Wallace, A/Prof Rebecca Lim Dr Bennet Seow The comparative effects of endogenous, synthetic and selective glucocorticoids during lung development A/Prof Timothy Cole, Dr Annie McDougall, A/Prof Megan Wallace Dr Elizabeth Sigston Emergence and margins in head and neck cancer: a new understanding Prof Bryan Williams, Prof Julian Smith Dr Xin (Claire) Sun The epigenetic control of mitochondrial DNA copy number in tumorigenesis and differentiation Prof Justin St John, Dr Matthew McKenzie
Dr Knarik Tamanyan Insights into the risk factors and mechanisms for the adverse sequelae of sleep disordered breathing in children Prof Rosemary Horne, Dr Lisa Water, Dr Sara Biggs Dr Moya Vandeleur The impact of sleep disturbance on daytime functioning, mood and quality of life in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis Prof Rosemary Horne, Dr David Armstrong, Dr Gillian Nixon, A/Prof Philip Robinson
Bachelor of Biomedical Science (Honours) Mr Dasun Fernando Miss Lisianne George Ms Emma Green Miss Monica Kanki Ms Anika-Raam Kaur Miss Laura Le Mercier Mr James Li Mr Alen Pasalic Ms Mikayla Maree Ruzic Miss Manizha Shekibi Miss Madeleine Smith Miss Esther Tseng Miss Holly Ung Miss Madeleine Wemyss Mr Raphael Yip
Bachelor of Science (Honours) Mr Harrison James Burgin Ms Rainbow Chan Ms Ziying Chen Mr Leo Judge Cooper Ms Jacinta Renae Dela Cruz Ms Cimona Daphne Fernandes Miss Stephanie Gordon Mr Nikshay Kartigan Mr Samuel James Kaye Ms Lena Hoang My Le Ms An Nisaa Jasmine Mohd Roslee Ms Elizabeth Murray Mr Fraser Nott Mr Declan Jeffery Saville Ms Marielle Stratikopoulos Ms Ekimei Sun Ms Hasara Tennakoon Miss Alice Zagato
Bachelor of Medical Science (Honours) Miss Gemma Louise D’Adamo Miss Zlatikha Djuliannisaa Ms Sarah Klink Ms Eva Matthews Staindl Ms Sophie Suke Mr Jed Wen Jie Tan
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Our supporters Thank you to our many generous and thoughtful donors who supported the continuation and expansion of medical research to meet some of our greatest health challenges. Among the life-changing research programs that benefited from this funding are
• Maintained the Ovarian Cancer Tissue Bank that stores more than 2200 samples.
The Children’s Cancer Foundation
• Established and held the inaugural Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation Symposium. More on page 20.
• Continued its support of the Hudson Monash Paediatric Precision Medicine Program (HMPPMP). More on page 19. • Established the Children’s Cancer Foundation Research Laboratory. • Promoted the HMPPMP through a video shown to 650 guests at the Children’s Cancer Foundation Million Dollar Lunch. • Established an annual PhD scholarship in paediatric precision medicine. • Sponsored the international Childhood Cancer Research Symposium as the exclusive major supporter. More on page 18.
Australian Lions Childhood Cancer Research Foundation, via the Children’s Cancer Foundation, funded research into new therapeutic options for Medulloblastoma and Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. The Fielding Foundation Fellowship was awarded to women’s health researcher Dr Jemma Evans, and the Fielding Foundation Innovation Award to ovarian cancer researcher Dr Maree Bilandzic. More on page 43. The Ron Evans AM Cancer Research Fellowship, supported by the Evans Family Foundation, was awarded to bowel cancer researcher Dr Afsar Ahmed. More on page 44.
Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation
The Dr Sue Fowler PhD Scholarship in Ovarian Cancer was established by the Piers K Fowler Trust. The inaugural recipient is Ms Nazanin Karimnia.
• Continued to support work on a screening tool that could lead to an early ovarian cancer detection test and the discovery of new drugs to better treat the disease. More on page 15.
Gandel Philanthropy supported the Gandel Genomics Centre and Gandel genomics health research program to develop genomics technologies from basic research through to diagnostics and precision medicine.
• Expanded research into the role of a genetic mutation found in the majority of granulosa cell tumours, human granulosa cell tumours and serous epithelial ovarian cancer with a class of drugs in preclinical models.
Funding from the Robert Connor Dawes Foundation supported research into paediatric brain cancer. Brain cancer research also received significant funding from a private benefactor. The Isabella and Marcus Foundation supported the international Childhood Cancer Research Symposium. To increase awareness of the ground-breaking research that can be achieved through donations and bequests, we hosted tours for many of our benefactors including Australian Lions Childhood Research Foundation Board, Piers K Fowler Trust, Children’s Cancer Foundation, AFL Media, Fielding Foundation, Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation and Witchery. Kay Blandthorn Head of Philanthropy and Fundraising
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 43
L-R: Dr Tracey Edgell, Mr Peter Fielding, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, Dr Jemma Evans, Dr Maree Bilandzic, Mr Andrew McCallum, Hudson Institute Foundation board member.
Investing in the future The Fielding Foundation supports Hudson Institute’s brightest scientific minds and most promising research discoveries and, in doing so, makes an invaluable investment in the future of medical research and healthcare in Australia. In 2014, two highly successful initiatives were established at Hudson Institute through the generous $1 million donation made by the Fielding Foundation and its chair, Melbourne businessman and philanthropist Mr Peter Fielding.
is trialling a new and exciting approach to target ovarian cancer cells. This innovative research has the potential to stop the growth and spread of tumours at initial diagnosis or relapse.
The Fielding Foundation Fellowship supports an outstanding early to mid career researcher each year to establish their own independent research, setting young scientists on the path to success at a crucial time in their scientific careers.
Institute visit
In 2018, the Fielding Foundation Fellowship was awarded to Dr Jemma Evans, a leader in the field of endometrial biology, who has made significant progress on women’s reproductive health. Her dual focus is endometriosis and fertility. Through a clinical trial Dr Evans is helping women with metabolic disorders who have difficulty conceiving to achieve a healthy pregnancy. In addition, she is developing a non-invasive early detection test for endometriosis. The Fielding Innovation Award supports an early to mid career researcher each year to produce major advancements in the commercialisation of their research, ensuring discoveries reach patients as treatments. The 2018 Fielding Innovation Award was awarded to Dr Maree Bilandzic, a senior postdoctoral scientist, who
In May, Mr Fielding visited the Institute to meet with past Fellowship and Innovation Award recipients to hear about their significant progress in moving laboratory discoveries to patients. This includes a major clinical trial to treat lung disease in preterm babies and significant progress on a project to develop new drugs for autoimmune diseases. “We are grateful to Mr Peter Fielding for his foresight and commitment to high quality medical research and supporting the exciting potential of our leaders and emerging scientists,” Hudson Institute Director, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, said. “This type of investment is critical to the future of Australian medical research and innovation. It not only fosters the careers of the Institute’s emerging scientists, but this funding also plays a critical role in taking promising research from the laboratory to patients.”
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Dr Afsar Ahmed
Ron Evans’ gift to bowel cancer research When former AFL great Ron Evans AM passed away from bowel cancer in 2007, his family wanted to leave a positive and enduring legacy. In the years following his passing, they dedicated their time to raising funds for medical research to find a cure for bowel cancer, a disease that claims the lives of 5375 Australians every year – the second largest cause of cancer deaths. Ron’s wife, Andrea Evans, said philanthropy was important to Ron and he would be extremely proud to know about the work being done in his name. “When you lose someone, they will always be with you. It was such a shock losing Ron, and I sometimes think what would have happened if different treatments existed when he got cancer,” said Mrs Evans. “Our family funds medical research to make a difference to somebody who is living with bowel cancer, to hopefully change their life and the life of their family. This is why we help. “Finding a cure would be a wonderful legacy for Ron.”
Closer to new treatment options In 2018, the Ron Evans Fellowship was again awarded to Dr Afsar Ahmed, whose research focuses on the link between cells in the immune system and inflammatory bowel diseases and bowel cancer. Recent research has indicated a strong link between immune cells and bowel cancer, which begins with an uncontrolled growth of cells in the walls of the bowel. Dr Ahmed is investigating the role that immune cells play, ultimately to progress treatments for inflammatory bowel diseases and bowel cancer. “We know that immune cells are a major regulator of inflammatory diseases and different cancers, but don’t understand how they work in bowel cancer,” said Dr Ahmed. “We are targeting an immune cell gene, integrin-linked kinase, which we suspect plays an important role in regulating immune cells in these diseases.” This knowledge could be used to develop new treatments for bowel cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn’s disease and colitis.”
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2018 supporters We are grateful for the gifts received from individuals, trusts, foundations and organisations during the year. We also acknowledge the support of the Victorian State Government through the Operational Infrastructure Support Program and the Australian Government through its funding bodies including the NHRMC. These valuable contributions assist our scientists to undertake and progress lifechanging research.
Funding bodies Australian Academy of Science
International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy
The Ian Potter Foundation The Kids’ Cancer Project
Australian Communities Foundation
International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
Australian Lions Childhood Cancer Research Foundation
International Society of Hypertension
The Victorian Assisted Reproductive Treatment Authority
Isabella and Marcus Paediatric Brainstem Tumour Fund
The Winston Foundation
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Australian Physiological Society Australian Research Council Australian Society for Medical Research Avner Pancreatic Cancer Foundation Bethlehem Griffiths Research Foundation
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Jerome Lejeune Foundation LEW Carty Charitable Fund Lord Mayor’s Charitable Foundation Lupus Research Alliance
The Scottish Cot Death Trust
veski Victorian Cancer Agency Walter Thomas Cottman Charitable Trust Wilrene Pty Ltd Youanmi Foundation
Cancer Australia
Medical Research Future Fund – Australian Government
Cancer Council Victoria
Major donors
Melbourne IVF Pty Ltd
Carrie’s Beanies 4 Brain Cancer Foundation
Professor Michael Adamson
Monash Children’s Cancer Centre
Cerebral Palsy Alliance
Professor Warwick Anderson AM
Monash IVF Group
Children’s Cancer Foundation
Professor Henry Burger AO
Monash University
Collier Charitable Fund
Professor Arthur Clark
MS Research Australia
Cure Brain Cancer Foundation
Mrs Joan Donaldson
National Health and Medical Research Council
Mrs Patricia Donges
Department of Defense (USA)
Dr Robert Edgar
Department of Health – Australian Government
Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation
Department of Health and Human Services – Victorian Government
Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand
Department of Innovation, Industry and Science – Australian Government
Piers K Fowler Trust
Professor John Funder AC
Rebecca L Cooper Medical Research Foundation
Mr Richard Harbig
Red Nose
Mrs Kathleen Johnston AM
Robert Connor Dawes Foundation
Mr James Johnston
Science and Industry Endowment Fund
Mrs Christina Kirkland
Evans Family Foundation
Scinogy Pty Ltd
Ms Ann Lorden
Ferring Research Institute
The Andrea Joy Logan Trust Fund
Mr Lance Matheson
Fielding Family Foundation
The CASS Foundation
Ms Julie Muir
Gandel Philanthropy
The Endocrine Society of Australia
Mrs Jean Thomas
Gastroenterological Society of Australia
The Fertility Society of Australia
Granulosa Cell Tumour Research Foundation
The Financial Markets Foundation for Children
Harold & Cora Brennen Benevolent Trust
The Heart Foundation
Harold Mitchell Foundation
The High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft German Research Foundation Equity Trustees European Society of Human Reproduction & Embryology
Inner Wheel Australia
Peninsula and Southeast Oncology
Mrs Andrea Evans Mr Peter Fielding Mr John Fowler
Professor Mark Hedger
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ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 47
Board chair’s report The 2018 year was remarkable for both the Institute and for advances in human health. To reach the ‘patient-ready stage’ scientific discoveries require highly specialised skills, clinical and scientific collaboration, leading edge technology, innovative thinking – and a large dose of patience.
Operations Manager. His immediate goals were to streamline business systems and scientific and statutory compliances. These are critical for the Institute to grow in a sustainable and ethical way.
During the year we were fortunate to work with dedicated partners who share our bold ambitions for scientific advances to help patients. The Children’s Cancer Foundation has invested considerable support funding in our Institute’s talented scientists to give children with cancer access to the world’s best diagnoses and treatments. Similarly, the Ovarian Cancer Foundation has partnered with us to seek better long-term outlooks for women with ovarian cancer through early detection.
The Institute’s partnerships with State and Federal Government remain fundamental to our success. The longstanding Federal Government NHMRC grants and the Victorian State Government’s Operational Infrastructure Scheme have now been augmented by the MRFF, a potential new major source of Federal funding for medical research.
The essential contribution that our generous philanthropic partners and donors have made is outlined throughout this Annual Report. Under the leadership of Director and CEO, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, and her leadership team, the strategic direction of Hudson Institute has been thoroughly reviewed and four principal areas for particular focus have been identified: cancer, inflammation, reproductive health and children’s health. The aspiration is for Hudson Institute to be a leader in these areas in Australia and, progressively, internationally.
Commercialisation of research provides unique opportunities for growth and prudent investment. Significant progress and partnerships with industry were made across many of our research areas during 2018. I am grateful to all Board members for their commitment to the Institute’s progress. Two Board members retired during the year: Professor Erwin Loh, who represented Monash Health, and Maria Trinci, who chaired the Audit and Risk Committee. Both retired as a consequence of personal career changes and I thank them for their valuable contribution. As a consequence, Andrew Stripp from Monash Health and Christopher Dodd joined the Board.
Changes in strategic direction require the reallocation of resources to provide the means to deliver our aspirational goals. The required changes were largely put in place over the past year.
On behalf of the Board, I am very impressed by Hudson Institute’s achievements in 2018. The Board looks forward to sharing in and contributing to the next steps of our journey and we thank all scientists and staff who make that possible.
Another major change reflects the requirements of today’s complex technological era in a specialist clinical research environment. Good governance and compliance underpin scientific discovery. To ensure Hudson Institute meets the required standards, Joseph Pereira joined the Executive team in the position of Senior
Dr Bob Edgar Chair
48 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Board of directors The directors of Hudson Institute of Medical Research Board, 31 December 2018 BOARD CHAIR
Dr Robert (Bob) Edgar BEcon (Hons), PhD (Ohio State), FAICD Appointed: April 2009 Dr Edgar has extensive experience in financial services, including 25 years at ANZ Bank where he retired as Deputy Chief Executive Officer in 2009. He is also a director on the boards of Djerriwarrh Securities, Linfox Armaguard Pty Ltd and Transurban Ltd.
Professor Christina Mitchell MBBS, PhD, FRACP Appointed: September 2011 Prof Mitchell is the Academic Vice-President and Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences at Monash University. Prof Mitchell is a physician-scientist, specialising in clinical haematology. In 2011, she was the first woman appointed Dean of Medicine among the group of eight universities in Australia. In 2015, Prof Mitchell was inducted into the Victorian Honour Roll of Women for her leadership as the Dean and also received the Lemberg Medal, which is awarded annually to a distinguished Australian biochemist. In 2015, Prof Mitchell became a member of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences.
Ms Maria Trinci BA/BComm, CA Appointed: March 2015 Ms Trinci is a partner within KPMG, specialising in financial services for nearly 20 years. During the year Maria was the Head of Capital Markets and the Head of Digital for the Audit, Assurance and Risk Consulting Practice. Ms Trinci has now relocated to London as a Seconded Partner in the Banking Practice. She has stood down from her not-for-profit roles within Hudson Institute and Cancer Council as a consequence of the move. Special responsibilities: Chair, Finance and Audit Committee; Investment Committee member
Professor Warwick Anderson AM BS (Hons) UNE, PhD (Adelaide), DUniv (Adelaide), FAHA (Int), FRCPA (Hon), FAAHMS, DH (Newcastle) Appointed: July 2015 Prof Anderson is Secretary-General of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization. He was previously CEO of the NHMRC and a member of numerous international medical research bodies. Prof Anderson is an Emeritus Professor at Monash University and has held academic and research positions at Monash University, The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, The University of Sydney and Harvard Medical School.
Mr Nigel Garrard BEcomm, AICD, CA FAMI Appointed: March 2016 Mr Garrard has been the Managing Director and CEO of Orora Limited since 2013 when it was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Mr Garrard has held a number of senior executive positions including Managing Director of SPC Ardmona, Amcor Australasia and Coca-Cola Amatil’s food and service division. He is a former Chair of the Australian Government’s National Food Industry Strategy Ltd and has been a director of a number of industry and not-for-profit organisations. Special responsibilities: Chair, Hudson Foundation; Investment Committee member
Mr Andrew Leyden BComm Appointed: March 2016 Mr Leyden is Head of Lazard Corporate Advisory in Australia and has worked in the investment banking industry for over 25 years. Special responsibilities: Chair, Investment Committee; Hudson Foundation member
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 49
Ms Zita Peach BSc, FAICD, FAMI Appointed: May 2016 Ms Peach is a non-executive director on ASX listed, government and not-for-profit boards. She has also worked in senior leadership roles as Executive Vice-President and Managing Director of Fresenius Kabi, Vice-President of Business Development at CSL Limited and Commercial Director at Merck Sharp Dohme. Ms Peach has extensive experience in commercialising technologies, licensing, mergers and acquisitions. She is a graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors and a Fellow of the Australian Marketing Institute. She is a non-executive director of Starpharma Holdings Limited, AirXpanders Inc, Monash IVF Group Limited, Visioneering Technologies Inc, Pacific Smiles Group Ltd and Mt Stirling Alpine Resorts Management Board. Special responsibilities: Chair, Intellectual Property and Commercialisation Committee
Mr David Hanna BEc, BA (Asian Studies), GAICD Appointed: March 2017 Mr Hanna joined Monash University in 2012 as Director, Business Strategy. For 15 years prior to this, David held a variety of senior management positions in the Victorian Government in economic development policy, international policy and operations and innovation policy. Mr Hanna also serves on boards in the screen, manufacturing and insurance industries, as well as for community legal and arts organisations.
Professor Kim Cornish BS (Hons), PhD (London) Appointed: September 2017 Prof Cornish is Director of the Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and the Head of School of Psychological Sciences. Prior to joining Monash University in 2009, she was a Canada Research Chair (Tier 1) at McGill University (Montréal, Canada). In 2017, Prof Cornish was elected Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia. Over her 25-year career, Prof Cornish has received over $9 million in competitive grant and fellowship funding for her work in delineating cognitive profiles and trajectories in typically developing children and in neurodevelopmental disorders. Prof Cornish is the co-inventor of TALI Train™ – a novel, interactive technology platform for detecting and training attention deficits in early childhood.
COMPANY SECRETARY
Mr Rob Merriel Appointed: May 2014 BA, Grad Dip (Psych), Grad Dip (Accounting), CPA Mr Merriel is a Certified Practising Accountant with more than 35 years’ experience working in medical research (Baker IDI and Hudson Institute), healthcare (Melbourne Health and Monash Health) and commercial organisations (Pacific Dunlop and Deloitte Consulting). The current Chief Financial Officer and Chief Commercialisation Officer of Hudson Institute, Mr Merriel was a Director of MHRP Pty Ltd (2015-2018) and was previously the director and company secretary of several biotechnology-focused companies, including BioGrid Australia, Biocomm, the Australian Technology Fund and Evivar.
Board committees Finance and Audit Committee
Investment Committee
This committee assists the board in internal control and compliance, accounting and financial reporting and risk management processes of Hudson Institute.
This committee advises the board and director on the effectiveness of investment policies, and approves the engagement of investment managers and investment transactions.
Members: Ms Maria Trinci (Chair 20152018), Mr David Hanna, Ms Carmel Mortell and Secretary Mr Rob Merriel. Hudson Institute’s CEO, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, and Financial Accountant, Mr Alan Lahiff, also attend meetings of this board committee.
Members: Mr Andrew Leyden (Chair since November 2016), Mr Nigel Garrard, Ms Maria Trinci and Secretary Mr Rob Merriel. Hudson Institute’s Financial Accountant attends meetings of this board committee.
Intellectual Property and Commercialisation Committee This committee advises the board and director on statutory requirements for corporate governance and commercialisation of Hudson Institute’s intellectual property and related issues. Members: Mrs Zita Peach (Chair since August 2016), Mr Grant Fisher, Dr Michael Pannacio, Dr Andrew Gearing, Dr Rob Klupacs and Secretary Mr Rob Merriel. Hudson Institute’s CEO, Prof Hartland, Business Development Manager Carmela Monger and Business Development Coordinator Kate Mackin attend meetings of this board committee.
50 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Operational overview Since joining the Institute in June, there has been considerable progress in many areas of operations, all of which are vital to our ongoing scientific achievements. Ongoing investment and support of our technology platforms supports our excellence. Our cell therapies platform in particular has enabled numerous clinical trials, accelerating translational outcomes for patients. The laboratory and technical services team have done an excellent job of ensuring researchers obtain maximum value for each research dollar. Their efforts are fundamental to the operation of the Institute and they are a vital cog in the research engine. The need for good governance and compliance is critical within a complex and specialised clinical research environment. Regular review and improvements in business operating systems have ensured probity and excellent accountability. Our collaborative ventures between the Monash Health Translation Precinct partners enable researchers from
Monash University School of Clinical Sciences and Monash Health to integrate teaching, research and clinical activities and initiatives. This has resulted in the consolidation of shared research platforms, research infrastructure and facilities, including planning and construction of a new precinct biobank. I look forward to bringing my experience in basic and clinical research, commercial therapeutic development, scientific service provision, and operational and executive management to support the Directors and Hudson Institute Board and create a vibrant and supportive environment for our researchers to flourish in. Joseph Pereira Senior Operations Manager
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 51
Business development and commercialisation Translation into real-world community impact requires collaboration between our researchers, clinicians and industry, to realise the potential of their discoveries. Business development supports our researchers’ engagement and work with industry, including filing patent applications around significant new discoveries and securing funding through industry-academic partnerships, grants and venture capital. In 2018, our researchers were successful in gaining competitive grant funding leveraging industry-academic links, including NHMRC Development Grants, a Cooperative Research Centre Project (CRC-P) funded in collaboration with the Melbourne cancer immunotherapy start-up Cartherics and others on stem cell therapies, and two of only eight Ferring Research Institute Innovation
Grants awarded worldwide, to progress new therapies for endometriosis and infertility treatments. In addition, a range of significant partnerships with industry were developed, including the ongoing joint collaboration with Roche and Monash University for autoimmune disease, and commercial partnerships with Invion to progress a cancer treatment and Scinogy to develop cell therapies processing technology. Rob Merriel Chief Commercialisation Officer
52 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALISATION
Research alliance with Invion Limited In March, Hudson Institute entered into a research and development agreement with cancer therapy developer Invion Limited, which will see the two organisations working together to advance Invion’s cancer treatment based on Photosoft technology. Invion is developing a new cancer therapy that aims to effectively treat cancer with fewer side effects, particularly cancer types that have already become resistant to chemotherapies. Hudson Institute is providing the research facilities and expertise required to undertake Invion-sponsored research projects. The collaboration will initially focus on the treatment of ovarian cancer, with a view to expanding into other forms of cancer.
Light-based therapy Invion is developing Photosoft as a next generation, or further developed technology, for Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is currently used to treat skin cancers and sun spots. PDT uses light to kill cancer cells and other abnormal tissues. It works by exposing non-toxic photosensitising agents to specific light wavelengths. The agents produce a form of oxygen (cytotoxic-reactive oxygen) that can destroy cancer cells without damaging the surrounding tissue. The technology appears to shut down malignant tumours while stimulating the immune system, unlike current treatments such as radio therapy and chemotherapy that suppress the immune system.
Dr Andrew Stephens
Ovarian cancer expertise
Promising results
Dr Andrew Stephens, Head of the Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, was appointed to Invion’s advisory board. As an Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation (OCRF) Research Fellow, Dr Stephens is regarded as one of Australia’s foremost experts in the field of ovarian cancer research. He will provide key scientific assessment of Invion’s cancer treatment technology, Photosoft.
Initial laboratory studies have been promising and it is expected the research will move into pre-clinical trials in 2019.
“Early data from Photosoft is encouraging and I look forward to working with Invion to build a strong scientific and medical basis for its future development. With carefully developed studies and positive results, this technology could drive a new way of targeting several cancers, including ovarian cancer,” said Dr Stephens.
“We have shown that the improved formulation of Photosoft is 15 times more effective at killing ovarian cancer cells than first-generation technology. That means we can control how rapidly cancer cells are killed, or increase the proportion of cells that are killed over the same effective treatment time,” Dr Stephens explained. Hudson Institute Director and CEO, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, said, “Early data is very encouraging, new technologies such as Photosoft represent a real opportunity to improve the lives of cancer patients around the world.”
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 53
Melbourne innovation set to revolutionise cell therapy industry A world-leading innovation is rapidly changing the way cell therapies are manufactured to treat diseases including stroke and cerebral palsy, thanks to a Hudson Institute industry partnership. New cell processing technology, ROTEA, developed by Melbourne start-up Scinogy in conjunction with Hudson Institute, is taking these cell therapy treatments out of the lab and into hospitals. According to Scinogy CEO, David James, the technology is a game changer for the cell therapies industry, which could significantly reduce the costs and labour associated with manufacturing cells for clinical use. Until now, the manufacturing of cell therapies required an expensive, purpose-built ‘clean room’ to create a controlled environment. The ROTEA has now compressed this technology down to a small self-contained machine that sits on any laboratory or clinic bench. Associate Professor Rebecca Lim, Head of the Amnion Cell Biology Research Group, has been working closely with
What are cell therapies? Cell therapies are an emerging medical treatment that use living cells to treat a broad range of diseases. They aim to replace diseased or dysfunctional cells with healthy, functioning ones or by creating an environment where the tissue can heal itself. Examples include whole blood transfusions, cancer immunotherapies and stem cell therapies. The oldest form of stem cell therapy is bone marrow transplantation, where blood stem cells are given to patients to treat cancer.
About Scinogy Scinogy is a Melbourne-based engineering company dedicated to revolutionising the global cell therapy industry by making clinical results a commercial reality. Scinogy’s focus is on developing manufacturing systems that deliver high-quality, affordable therapies.
Scinogy on the ROTEA technology, which has the potential to reduce costs of cell therapies by as much as 90 per cent and could enable her research to reach many more patients. “Cell therapies have huge potential to treat many human diseases, from cancer to stroke. By reducing the cost, labour and manufacturing we enable more patients to benefit from cell therapies much sooner,” A/Prof Lim said. ROTEA was born out of a partnership between industry and academia, and Scinogy has now based itself on-site at the Monash Health Translation Precinct (MHTP). “As a start-up, this was a natural progression. This is a dynamic precinct where research, industry and academia cohabitate, collaborate and foster innovation within the wider biomedical hub of Melbourne,” Mr James said.
54 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Organisation structure BOARD OF DIRECTORS COMMITTEES
BOARD SUBCOMMITTEES
Career Development Committee Culture and Engagement Committee Early Career Researcher Committee Education and Training Committee Equity and Diversity Committee Ethics Committee Hudson Institute Student Society OHSE Committee Research Committee Seminar Committee
Finance and Audit Committee Investment Committee Intellectual Property and Commercialisation Committee
EXECUTIVE
Director Professor Elizabeth Hartland
CENTRE HEADS
Associate Director Professor Paul Hertzog
Centre for Cancer Research Associate Professor Ron Firestein
Chief Financial Officer Chief Commercialisation Officer Company Secretary Mr Rob Merriel
Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism Professor Peter Fuller
Senior Operations Manager Dr Joseph Pereira
Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases Professor Paul Hertzog
Head of Philanthropy and Fundraising Ms Kay Blandthorn
Centre for Reproductive Health Professor Kate Loveland
Executive Officer Ms Ann Scott
The Ritchie Centre Professor Stuart Hooper
SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT GROUP
TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS AND CAPABILITIES
MHTP Platform Strategic Initiatives Manager Ms Vivien Vasic
PLATFORMS Cell Therapies Flow Cytometry Functional Genomics Histology Mass Spectrometry Medical Genomics Micro Imaging
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 55
Financial snapshot Revenue 1% 4% 7%
Revenue 7%
59%
15%
2018 ($)
2017 ($)
2016 ($)
Australian Government
27,875,344
22,899,072
22,389,405
Victorian Government
3,336,283
3,089,225
2,672,867
Philanthropic grants
6,957,795
7,476,138
8,225,532
Commercial research
3,547,176
3,649,352
2,819,941
Infrastructure Monash University
3,198,626
2,474,291
3,131,004
Other income
2,122,605
2,493,126
1,610,163
625,873
672,316
1,625,164
47,663,700
42,753,519
42,474,077
Investment income 7%
Total
Expenditure
82%
Expenditure Scientific and laboratory
18%
2018 ($)
2017 ($)
2016 ($)
38,950,957
36,222,463
36,445,356
Administration expenses
8,806,847
6,922,922
6,708,460
Total
47,757,804
43,145,385
43,153,816
56 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
2018 Publications Book Chapters 1.
Berry W, Croagh D (2018) Utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for preclinical evaluation of therapies in cancer. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1725, pp 31-40.
2. Brownbill P, Sebire N, McGillick EV, Ellery S, Murthi P (2018) Ex vivo dual perfusion of the human placenta: Disease simulation, therapeutic pharmacokinetics and analysis of off-target effects. In Preeclampsia: Methods and Protocols, 1st Edn. Murthi P, Vaillancourt C, eds. New York, NY: Humana Press. pp 173189. 3.
Chollangi T, Clabault H, Thibeault A, Yong HE, Narula S, Menkhorst E, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C, Murthi P (2018) An electrical impedance-based assay to examine functions of various placental cell types in vitro. In Preeclampsia: Methods and Protocols, 1st Edn. Murthi P, Vaillancourt C, eds. New York, NY: Humana Press. pp 267-276.
4. de Kretser DM, Stanton P, O’Donnell L (2018) Structure/Cells overview. In Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 2nd Edn. Skinner MK, ed. United States: Academic Press. Vol 1, pp 10-16. 5. Findlay JK, Dunning KR, Gilchrist RB, Hutt KJ, Russell KL, Walters KA (2018) Follicle selection in mammalian ovaries. In The Ovary, 3rd Edn. Leung P, Adashi E, eds. London: Academic Press. pp 3-21. 6. Fuller PJ, Young MJ (2018) Aldosterone, action and function. In Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, 2nd Edn. Huhtaniemi I, Martini L, eds. United States: Academic Press. Vol 3, pp 540-545. 7.
Funder JW (2018) Aldosterone resistance. In Oxford Desk Reference: Endocrinology. Turner HE, Eastell R, Grossman A, eds. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp 448-449.
8. Funder JW (2018) Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists. In Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, 2nd Edn. Huhtaniemi I, Martini L, eds. United States: Academic Press. Vol 3, pp 581-585. 9. Funder JW (2018) Mineralocorticoids and Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndromes: Pathophysiology. In Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, 2nd Edn. Huhtaniemi I, Martini L, eds. United States: Academic Press. Vol 3, pp 581-585. 10. Horne RSC (2018) Autonomic cardiorespiratory physiology and arousal of the fetus and infant. In SIDS - Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: the past the present and the future. Byard R, Duncan J, eds. Adelaide: University of Adelaide Press. pp 449-490. 11. Jarde T, Kerr G, Akhtar R, Abud HE (2018) Modelling intestinal carcinogenesis using in vitro organoid cultures. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1725, pp 41-52.
12. Jenkins BJ, Deswaerte V (2018) Immuno-detection of immature and bioactive forms of the inflammatory cytokine IL-18. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1725, pp 229-235.
24. Saad M, Ruwanpura SM (2018) Tissue processing for stereological analyses of lung structure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1725, pp 155-162.
13. Kennedy CL, Hartland EL (2018) Citrobacter rodentium infection model for the analysis of bacterial pathogenesis and mucosal immunology. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1725, pp 77-89.
25. Salamonsen L, Evans J (2018) Menstruatrion and Endometrial Repair. In Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 2nd Edn. Spencer T, Flaws J, eds. United States: Academic Press. Vol II, Female Reproduction, pp 320-325.
14. Leaw B, Gurusinghe S, Lim R, Wallace EM (2018) Real-time blood pressure recording using radiotelemetry in a rat model of preeclampsia. In Preeclampsia: Methods and Protocols, 1st Edn. Murthi P, Vaillancourt C, eds. New York, NY: Humana Press. pp 325334. 15. Leung DTH, Chu S (2018) Measurement of oxidative stress: mitochondrial function using the seahorse system. In Preeclampsia: Methods and Protocols, 1st Edn. Murthi P, Vaillancourt C, eds. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1710, pp 285-293. 16. Loveland KL (2018) Activins in male reproduction. In Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 2nd Edn. Jegou B, Skinner M, eds. United States: Academic Press. Vol I, Male Reproduction, pp 208-214. 17. Lyons VG, Payne NL, McCoy CE (2018) Optimization techniques for miRNA expression in low frequency immune cell populations. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1725, pp 237-256. 18. Mansell A, Tate MD (2018) In vivo infection model of severe influenza A virus. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1725, pp 91-99. 19. Ng A, Barker N (2018) Role of lgr5-expressing stem cells in epithelial renewal and cancer in the reproductive tract. In Cell Biology of the Ovary: Stem Cells, Development, Cancer, and Clinical Aspects, 1st Edn. Katabuchi H, Ohba T, Motohara T, eds. Singapore: Springer Singapore. pp 45-59. 20. O’ Donnell L, Stanton PG (2018) Spermiation. In Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 2nd Edn. Jegou B, Skinner M, eds. United States: Academic Press. Vol I, Male Reproduction, pp 145-151. 21. Pepin G, Gantier MP (2018) Assessing the cGAS-cGAMP-STING activity of cancer cells. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana Press. Vol 1725, pp 257-266. 22. Quinn T, Greaves R, Badoer E, Walker D (2018) DHEA in prenatal and postnatal life: implications for brain and behavior. In Vitam Horm, 1st Edn. Litwack G, ed. California, USA: Academic Press. Vol 108, pp 145-174. 23. Ruwanpura SM, Rosli S, Tate MD (2018) Lung Diseases. In Inflammasomes: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications. Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E, eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. Vol 108, pp 61-84.
26. Tran LS, Ferrero RL (2018) Isolation of mouse primary gastric epithelial cells to investigate the mechanisms of helicobacter pylori associated disease. In Inflammation and Cancer: Methods and Protocols. Jenkins BJ, ed. New York, NY: Humana press. Vol 1725, pp 119126. 27. Yong HE, Murthi P, Brennecke SP, Moses EK (2018) Genetic approaches in preeclampsia. In Preeclampsia: Methods and Protocols, 1st Edn. Murthi P, Vaillancourt C, eds. New York, NY: Humana Press. pp 53-72.
Journal Articles 1.
Alamgeer M, Watkins DN, Banakh I, Kumar B, Gough DJ, Markman B, Ganju V (2018) A phase IIa study of HA-irinotecan, formulation of hyaluronic acid and irinotecan targeting CD44 in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 36:288-298.
2.
Aleksova J, Kurniawan S, Elder GJ (2018) The trabecular bone score is associated with bone mineral density, markers of bone turnover and prevalent fracture in patients with end stage kidney disease. Osteoporos Int 29:1447-1455.
3.
Aleksova J, Kurniawan S, Vucak-Dzumhur M, Kerr P, Ebeling PR, Milat F, Elder GJ (2018) Aortic vascular calcification is inversely associated with the trabecular bone score in patients receiving dialysis. Bone 113:118-123.
4.
Aleksova J, Wong P, McLachlan R, Choy KW, Ebeling PR, Milat F, Elder GJ (2018) Sex hormone-binding globulin is a biomarker associated with nonvertebral fracture in men on dialysis therapy. Kidney Int 94:372-380.
5.
Allison BJ, Nguyen V, Yiallourou SR, Nitsos I, Black MJ, Polglase GR (2018) The effect of sex and prematurity on the cardiovascular baroreflex response in sheep. Exp Physiol 103:9-18.
6.
Antoniotti GS, Coughlan M, Salamonsen LA, Evans J (2018) Obesity associated advanced glycation end products within the human uterine cavity adversely impact endometrial function and embryo implantation competence. Hum Reprod 33:654-665.
7.
Aridas JDS, Yawno T, Sutherland AE, Nitsos I, Ditchfield M, Wong FY, Hunt RW, Fahey MC, Malhotra A, Wallace EM, Jenkin G, Miller SL (2018) Systemic and transdermal melatonin administration prevents neuropathology in response to perinatal asphyxia in newborn lambs. J Pineal Res 64:e12479.
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 57
8.
9.
Asai Y, Eslami A, van Ginkel CD, Akhabir L, Wan M, Yin D, Ellis G, Ben-Shoshan M, Marenholz I, Martino D, Ferreira MA, Allen K, Mazer B, de Groot H, de Jong NW, Gerth van Wijk R, Dubois AEJ, Grosche S, Ashley S, Ruschendorf F, Kalb B, Beyer K, Nothen MM, Lee YA, Chin R, Cheuk S, Hoffman J, Jorgensen E, Witte JS, Melles RB, Hong X, Wang X, Hui J, Musk AWB, Hunter M, James AL, Koppelman GH, Sandford AJ, Clarke AE, Daley D (2018) A Canadian genome-wide association study and meta-analysis confirm HLA as a risk factor for peanut allergy independent of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 141:1513-1516.
17. Blank DA, Polglase GR, Kluckow M, Gill AW, Crossley KJ, Moxham A, Rodgers K, Zahra V, Inocencio I, Stenning F, LaRosa DA, Davis PG, Hooper SB (2018) Haemodynamic effects of umbilical cord milking in premature sheep during the neonatal transition. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 103:F539-F546.
Barseghyan H, Symon A, Zadikyan M, Almalvez M, Segura EE, Eskin A, Bramble MS, Arboleda VA, Baxter R, Nelson SF, Delot EC, Harley V, Vilain E (2018) Identification of novel candidate genes for 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) using a C57BL/6J-Y (POS) mouse model. Biol Sex Differ 9:8.
19. Bowles J, Feng CW, Ineson J, Miles K, Spiller CM, Harley VR, Sinclair AH, Koopman P (2018) Retinoic acid antagonizes testis development in mice. Cell Rep 24:1330-1341.
10. Bellofiore N, Rana S, Dickinson H, Temple-Smith P, Evans J (2018) Characterization of human-like menstruation in the spiny mouse: comparative studies with the human and induced mouse model. Hum Reprod 33:1715-1726. 11. Bhakta S, Crocker LM, Chen Y, Hazen M, Schutten MM, Li D, Kuijl C, Ohri R, Zhong F, Poon KA, Go MAT, Cheng E, Piskol R, Firestein R, Fourie-O’Donohue A, Kozak KR, Raab H, Hongo JA, Sampath D, Dennis MS, Scheller RH, Polakis P, Junutula JR (2018) An anti-GDNF family receptor alpha 1 (GFRA1) antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 17:638-649. 12. Binder-Heschl C, Crossley K, Te Pas A, Polglase G, Blank D, Zahra V, Moxham A, Rodgers K, Hooper S (2018) Haemodynamic effects of prenatal caffeine on the cardiovascular transition in ventilated preterm lambs. PLoS One 13:e0200572. 13. Bitto NJ, Baker PJ, Dowling JK, Wray-McCann G, De Paoli A, Tran LS, Leung PL, Stacey KJ, Mansell A, Masters SL, Ferrero RL (2018) Membrane vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa activate the non-canonical inflammasome through caspase-5 in human monocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 96:1120-1130. 14. Blank DA, Badurdeen S, Omar FKC, Jacobs SE, Thio M, Dawson JA, Kane SC, Dennis AT, Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Davis PG (2018) Baby-directed umbilical cord clamping: A feasibility study. Resuscitation 131:1-7. 15. Blank DA, Gaertner VD, Kamlin COF, Nyland K, Eckard NO, Dawson JA, Kane SC, Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Davis PG (2018) Respiratory changes in term infants immediately after birth. Resuscitation 130:105-110. 16. Blank DA, Kamlin COF, Rogerson SR, Fox LM, Lorenz L, Kane SC, Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Davis PG (2018) Lung ultrasound immediately after birth to describe normal neonatal transition: an observational study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 103:F157-F162.
18. Bonham MP, Leung GKW, Davis R, Sletten TL, Murgia C, Young MJ, Eikelis N, Lambert EA, Huggins CE (2018) Does modifying the timing of meal intake improve cardiovascular risk factors? Protocol of an Australian pilot intervention in night shift workers with abdominal obesity. BMJ Open 8:e020396.
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Abd Rahman R, DeKoninck P, Murthi P, Wallace EM (2018) Treatment of preeclampsia with hydroxychloroquine: a review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 31:525-529.
2.
Ahmed N, Escalona R, Leung D, Chan E, Kannourakis G (2018) Tumour microenvironment and metabolic plasticity in cancer and cancer stem cells: perspectives on metabolic and immune regulatory signatures in chemoresistant ovarian cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 53:265-281.
3.
Alasseiri M, Ahmed AU, Williams BRG (2018) Mechanisms and consequences of constitutive activation of integrin-linked kinase in acute myeloid leukemia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 43:1-7.
4.
Aleksova J, Ng KW, Jung C, Zeimer H, Dwyer KM, Milat F, MacIsaac RJ (2018) Bone health in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder a clinical case seminar and update. Intern Med J 48:1435-1446.
5.
Aleksova J, Rodriguez AJ, McLachlan R, Kerr P, Milat F, Ebeling PR (2018) Gonadal hormones in the pathogenesis and treatment of bone health in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 16:674-692.
6.
Bellofiore N, Cousins F, Temple-Smith P, Dickinson H, Evans J (2018) A missing piece: the spiny mouse and the puzzle of menstruating species. J Mol Endocrinol 61:R25-R41.
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7.
Bennet L, Walker DW, Horne RSC (2018) Waking up too early - the consequences of preterm birth on sleep development. J Physiol 596:5687-5708.
8.
Berry W, Lundy J, Croagh D, Jenkins BJ (2018) Reviewing the utility of EUS FNA to advance precision medicine in pancreatic cancer. Cancers (Basel) 10:35.
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