REPORTANNUAL 2021
Transformative medical research We strive to improve the health of our community by undertaking outstanding medical research. Enriching partnerships We build and nurture meaningful partnerships to accelerate research discoveries to patient care. Exceptional people and culture We are a destination of choice, recognised for supporting and developing our staff and students. Enabling success We deliver a world-class research environment. Community We care deeply about improving the health and wellbeing of our community and we are committed to rewarding its investment in science.
Excellence Integrity and passion underpin our pursuit of scientific knowledge of the highest quality, while nurturing and inspiring the next generation of scientists. Innovation We inspire and enable world-class researchers at the frontiers of science and medicine to find new, transformative solutions to our greatest health challenges.
Our collaborative research environment allows scientists to leverage partnerships for true knowledge gain and patient impact.
Our values Our goalsPartnerships
02363214464838 About Peopleus 10 Chair’s report Board of directors 12 Solving life’s little mysteries 08 Director’s report Graduates of 2021 505451 Financial snapshot 2021 Publications Organisation structure Research impact Thank you to our andBusinesssupportersdevelopmentcommercialisation Cover image: Lachy and his sister Isabelle. See page 23 for full story.Lachy. See page page 23 for full story. ANNUAL REPORT 2021 | 3
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A global bioscience medical research leader, Hudson Institute advances healthcare through groundbreaking, collaborative medical research discoveries, and the translation of these into realworld impact. The scope and scale of our scientific expertise is unique. Our internationally recognised research programs deliver in five areas of medical need — inflammation, reproductive health and pregnancy, infant and child health, cancer, and hormones and health.
About us Our 443 scientists, clinicians and graduate students come from around the world to pursue one mission — to make medical research discoveries that save and change lives. Located in the Monash Health Translation Precinct, our scientists work alongside clinical and industry colleagues and use advanced technology platforms to inform their discoveries. Our expertise spans the complete translation pipeline from patient need, scientific discovery, clinical testing and commercialising new preventative approaches, therapies and devices for patients. Our Institute is named after Professor Bryan Hudson AO, the Founding Director of Prince Henry’s Institute, and Inaugural Chair of the Department of Medicine at Monash University.
Our themes Inflammation Infant and childCancerhealth Reproductive health pregnancyand Hormones and health ANNUAL REPORT 2021 | 5
MONASHHEALTH CHILDREN’SMONASHHOSPITAL
Monash TranslationHealthPrecinct Hudson Institute is located within the Monash Health Translation Precinct (MHTP), a major scientific research and medical innovation powerhouse in Melbourne’s southeastern corridor. Together with our precinct partners, Monash Health and Monash University, we are a global leader in new technologies, medical research, healthcare and education. We achieve this through innovation and trusted relationships with industry and government. We achieve this through innovation and trusted relationships between education, industry, research, and government. We are an innovation ecosystem that collaborates to create innovative solutions that improve human life.
• The Monash Precinct is the largest hub for employment and innovation in Victoria, outside Melbourne’s Central Business District. Hudson Institute is a global leader in new technologies, advanced manufacturing, health and education.
INSTITUTEHUDSON 6 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
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UNIVERSITYMONASH(SCHOOLOFCLINICALSCIENCES)
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 | 7
We
Expand the boundaries of knowledge to save and improve lives. Make new scientific discoveries to improve people's Collaboratehealth.with scientists and clinicians in Australia and around the world. Help governments to improve healthcare and create jobs. Help doctors save lives, providing insight for them to find the right clinical answers. Provide scientific breakthroughs for development with Prepareindustry.today’s students for successful careers in science and medicine for tomorrow.
At a glance 257 PUBLICATIONSRESEARCH 176 STUDENTS 267 STAFF 43 GROUPSRESEARCH 8 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Research outputs Publication type 2019 2020 2021 Original research articles 203 210 188 Reviews 52 41 41 Editorials and commentaries 16 26 26 Books and book chapters 12 8 2 National Health and Medical Research Council 12,956,938 Medical Research Future Fund 3,810,185 Children's Cancer Foundation 2,301,072 Australian Research Council 1,124,327 Financial Markets Foundation for Children 1,000,000 Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation 547,244 Cancer Australia 422,890 Victorian Cancer Agency 410,000 Robert Connor Dawes Foundation 363,386 The Kids' Cancer Project 337,283 Cerebral Palsy Alliance 292,506 Additional Philanthropic Funding Cancer Council Victoria The Erdi AdditionalTheHeartCureChildren'sFoundationTumourFoundationBrainCancerFoundationFoundationCASSFoundationgrantfunding TOTAL 1,313,862100,000125,224138,85780,00071,80070,000 1,899,743 International Grants Department of Defense (USA) Other international grants TOTAL 146,118667,173 813,291 TOTAL GRANT FUNDING 26,278,866 Publications In 2021, Hudson Institute’s researchers published extensively in international peer-reviewed journals. $ Robert Connor Dawes Foundation Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation Children’s Cancer Foundation The Kids' Cancer Project Cerebral Palsy Alliance Victorian Cancer Agency Cancer FinancialAustraliaMarkets Foundation for Children Australian Research Council International Grants Medical Research Future Fund Other Philanthropic Funding National Health and Medical Research Council Grant funding received in 2021 ANNUAL REPORT 2021 | 9
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Our critical work to understand the damaging effects of inflammation is the driving force behind our plans for a National Centre for Inflammation Research — a world-class research and development hub focusing on the role of inflammation in acute and chronic disease that contributes to more than 50 per cent of deaths worldwide. With $1 million provided by the Victorian Government in 2020, we were able to complete architectural planning and a compelling business case that is currently with the Victorian and Commonwealth governments for consideration. Additional philanthropic funding is being sought to complete the project.
2021 delivered yet another lesson in the value of research and health resilience. We were reminded of how crucial it is to safeguard the health of Australians through advances in science and medicine.
To our supporters, I thank each one of you who has helped our research effort during the past year. We could not do it without you. Professor Elizabeth Hartland Director and CEO
continue to have Paul’s support as Deputy Director as we work towards realising our vision for the National Centre for Inflammation Research at Hudson Institute.
Leadership changes In 2021 we saw some significant leadership changes. After more than two decades as Head of the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Professor Paul Hertzog has stepped aside, passing the baton to Professor Brendan Jenkins as the incoming Head. I want to thank Paul for his dedicated leadership of the Centre, which has doubled in size under his guidance and become recognised internationally for its work in innate immunity and inflammation. I’m very fortunate to
I am also thrilled to have Brendan’s support as an outstanding leader of one of our largest Centres. Brendan began his appointment at the start of 2022.
Also, in 2021, Professor Stuart Hooper announced his intention to step aside as Head of The Ritchie Centre. Stuart has led The Ritchie Centre through a wonderful period of evolution, supporting such landmarks as the Financial Markets Foundation for Children’s endowment of the Chair of Neonatology, and success at the highest level of competitive funding such as NHMRC Program Grants. I want to thank Stuart for his passionate commitment and leadership of The Ritchie Centre over many years. I am delighted that he intends to continue his outstanding research with us. In the turmoil of 2021, I was continually reminded of the importance of health and medical research and how our community rallies to help the most vulnerable during these times.
Director’s report
Key to this project is our world-leading expertise in innate immunity and specialised knowledge of RNA sensing by the immune system. This capability is unique in Australia and central to the development of the mRNA and RNA manufacturing industry in Australia and the region.
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Chair’s report
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Indeed, the value of medical research to our healthcare system and economy has never been more apparent. In partnership with hospitals, universities and industry, Hudson Institute's scientists have been striving to understand, prevent and develop better detection and treatments for COVID-19 and many other diseases. Scientific leadership and recognition Throughout this seminal time for the medical research sector, it has never been more important to ensure that Australians have access to authoritative, evidence-based health advice. Many of our research leaders were once again called upon by the government and media for their expertise and advice. Among these, our Director and CEO, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, was appointed to the Council of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) by the Federal Minister for Health and Aged Care, the Honourable Greg Hunt. She joins 12 other leading medical researchers, academics, clinicians and administrators on the NHMRC Council, entrusted with the responsibility of guiding Australians’ current and future medical research. Her three-year term began immediately.
Last year was challenging for everyone and Hudson Institute was no exception. However, through difficult times we showed that with versatility, resilience and collaboration, our scientists could continue developing new solutions to society’s pressing health needs.
Financial results Financial contributions in 2021 remained uncertain for many organisations like Hudson Institute. I deeply appreciate the continued backing of our community of supporters that meant Hudson Institute exceeded its donor and philanthropic donations target. I would like to thank all our loyal and generous donors and foundations for their support. On another positive note, commercial income remained strong. Among the highlights were our partnerships with Noxopharm and its wholly owned subsidiary, Pharmorage, to further develop RNA Therapeutics. A number of trials are underway and we are hopeful that they will lead to effective new vaccines and treatments for a range of illnesses, including the immediate and longer-term effects of COVID-19.
Dr Robert (Bob) Edgar AM Chair
The value of medical research More often than not it is difficult to learn the lessons of a major disruption such as COVID-19 until it is well over, but one thing has already become abundantly clear: Australia must learn from it so that we are be better prepared to face the inevitable future health challenges. It is this imperative that drives our efforts to create the National Centre for Inflammation Research. With inflammation a crucial factor in more than 50 per cent of deaths from health diseases worldwide, including COVID 19, this facility will be an invaluable addition to the nation’s good health arsenal. We continue to work towards securing the funding required to turn our plans into reality. Board stability I am grateful to my fellow board members for their counsel and advocacy and to Professor Hartland and her executive team for their continued efforts in very uncertain times. Thanks to our incredible supporters, business, governments, charitable organisations and individual donors, who stepped up to help fund emerging projects and longer-term research. To our newest donors, we are delighted you have joined the Hudson Institute community. We look forward to a long and mutually beneficial relationship.
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Paul was appointed at the highest NHMRC level of a Senior Principal Research Fellowship from 2007. He has published over 250 peer-reviewed papers in prestigious journals and in 2013 received the Milstein Award for Excellence in interferon and cytokine research, the highest honour in this discipline, for his discovery of a new Hiscytokine.commitment to research translation has also seen substantial industry engagement and inventions from his work patented, including a novel immunotherapy to suppress metastasis and activate host immune responses to advanced ovarian cancer.
"The opportunity to build a place and a culture where we can share and nurture enthusiasm for the discovery and application of science has been very special,” he says. “The timing to build this environment is perfect, with the amazing technical advances making this a great time to do science." Building teams and capabilities Prof Hertzog injected these attitudes when he first joined the Centre for Functional Genomics and Human
Solving life’s little mysteries Disease, CiiiD's predecessor, in 1992.
CiiiD's identity took shape with his recruitment of outstanding group heads who shared a vision to create an environment for excellence in this field. Their success saw the Centre grow from 40-50 to over 120 inflammation researchers. Such an increase was testament to the calibre of these internationally renowned scientists.
“This model has now been used by thousands globally to understand fundamentals of the immune system and to develop medicines such as Anifrolumab, a new treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus,” says Prof Hertzog.
Professor Paul Hertzog has always loved the challenge of discovering how the body works. “You get to be a detective solving a mystery of your choosing,” he says. “You can discover something, figure out how it works, and in medical research perhaps contribute to a lifechanging medicine.”
Nurturing the next generation
One of his proudest achievements was producing a gene knockout model of the interferon receptor for the study of gene function at a whole-body level.
Paul will continue as Hudson Institute's Deputy Director, and drive research through his leadership of the Regulation of Interferon and Innate Signalling Group, and as Chief Investigator in the NHMRC synergy program, Synnate, which will promote Australia's research capacity in host-microbiome immunology.
The journey of a research trailblazer Prof Hertzog received a PhD from the University of Melbourne in 1977 on cancer metabolism, then conducted post-doctoral research in the USA, England and at Monash University, where he began his work on interferons in the early 1990s.
“I love the enthusiasm of people who come through our doors, their intelligence, cultural diversity and their stories. It is a privilege that they choose to spend time with us.”
Prof Hertzog has supervised 42 PhD and 40 Honours students, recruited and nurtured 23 postdoctoral researchers and group heads - many of whom now form the Centre’s backbone or hold roles in prestigious international Institutes.
After 30 years as a leader in the immunity field, Prof Hertzog has passed the baton as Head of the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases (CiiiD) to colleague Professor Brendan Jenkins. Since 2000, when he took on the Centre's leadership, Prof Hertzog has seen it double in size and become internationally recognised for its important work on innate immunity, infection and inflammation. This is largely due to his outstanding work on the innate immune system — the body’s first line of defence against germs and cancer — and particularly the interferons, which are important proteins in this defence.
The understanding of the innate immune system, the body's first response to disease, was undergoing a rapid revolution and it appeared Prof Hertzog and his team could be part of it.
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Still fascinated by the amazing technical advances in his time, Prof Hertzog loves the challenge of keeping up with and inspiring brilliant young minds.
L-R: Professor Paul Hertzog, Professor Brendan Jenkins
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ImpactResearch
We would like to introduce you to some of the extraordinary scientists at Hudson Institute who are advancing healthcare through scientific discovery. Their interests range from the laboratory to the bedside, from the classroom to the doctor’s office, and from the fields of inflammation, reproductive health and pregnancy, infant and child health, cancer, and hormones and health. These women and men are true innovators.
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Dr Vijesh Vaghjiani ANNUAL REPORT 2021 17
Collaborators Monash Health; Cancer Research Institute, Japan; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Kanazawa University, Japan; National Cancer Institute, USA Funders National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
L-R: Professor Brendan Jenkins, Dr Ruby Dawson 30 per cent survivalFive-yearrate Third Most worldwidecancerlethal 2200 Estimated cases each year 18 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Cancer trigger “If you think of a cell as a finely tuned orchestra with instruments playing in harmony and taking cues from each other, we discovered that AIM2 is playing way too loud. This causes chaos that triggers cancer in the cell. We aim to restore the harmony,” says Dr Dawson.
In 2021, Professor Brendan Jenkins and Dr Ruby Dawson challenged conventional thinking about how stomach cancer forms — the answers have created a paradigm shift in scientific thinking around how the immune system contributes to the development of stomach cancer.
Most stomach cancers are caused by activationuncontrolledoftwo arms of the immune system: the innate or first line of defence, and the adaptive or slower specific immune response. To date, scientists have focused on adaptive immune-based pathways and treatments, but these have yielded limited clinical results.
“Targeting immune regulators like AIM2 and potentially other related immune system regulators is an untapped strategy; it gives scientists new targets to use for drugs and the potential for a clearer picture of a patient’s prognosis,” says Prof Jenkins.
“To find new treatments we must identify new immune system genes to target, so we looked outside the box at the underexplored innate immune system,” says Prof Jenkins.
Stomach cancer is the third most lethal cancer worldwide, with a five-year survival rate of less than 30 per cent.
The discovery provides a major advance in the fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing stomach cancer and has enormous potential to influence future clinical management and dramatically improve patient outcomes.
The team’s discovery, published in the prestigious Gut, identified a critical contributor to stomach cancer development, namely the underexplored innate immune system protein, AIM2.
Stomach paradigmcancershift
Researchers aim to beat cancer at its own game by identifying modulators of the innate immune system that drive it and applying the brakes before cancer takes hold. Gut, September 2021
STOMACH CANCER Published in
“This is a substantial advance in the molecular mechanisms underlying stomach cancer, offering enormous potential to dramatically improve treatments and stomach cancer Professorsurvival.”Brendan Jenkins
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Published in Clinical Cancer Research, August 2021 PANCREATIC CANCER
Persistence pays
Conventional testing was unable to detect Concetta Vasille’s pancreatic cancer. Despite this, Dr Croagh scheduled surgery and used genetic tumour profiling which returned positive results, reinforcing the decision to proceed. Concetta was in surgery the next day and postoperative tumour analysis confirmed pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer is predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. While other cancer survival rates are improving, pancreatic cancer has been virtually unchanged for four decades.
Sadly, biopsy samples are often too small to establish a diagnosis. As a result, patients must go through the trauma of multiple biopsies when the result is not clear.
Pancreatic cancer diagnosis is difficult because the pancreas sits behind other organs, making it notoriously difficult to perform a biopsy. Doctors must pass a scope from the mouth to the stomach to view the pancreas using ultrasound. Only after this invasive procedure can a biopsy be performed.
For the first time, our researchers have used genetic tumour profiling to diagnose pancreatic cancer. Lead pancreatic surgeon, Dr Daniel Croagh, along with clinical research fellow Dr Joanne Lundy and research group head Professor Brendan Jenkins, hope their new technique will offer earlier diagnoses and more treatment options for patients.
“Concetta’s case highlights that genetic analysis can provide a diagnosis when conventional testing is inconclusive,” says Dr Croagh.
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Refusing to accept the status quo, the team believed that cutting-edge genetic analysis of a small biopsy sample could establish a diagnosis first time. Their persistence paid off.
The challenge
Never stop asking
“Patient samples are in fact large enough to be used for accurate first-time diagnoses and drug selection,” says Dr TheLundy.research opens the door for earlier diagnoses of pancreatic cancer as well as the tumour type, which could see patients like Concetta Vasille begin a tailored treatment sooner.
“Our hope is that survival rates will improve as more patients are offered genetic profiling,” says Prof Jenkins. Funders Pankind; Victorian Cancer Agency (VCA) Collaborators Monash University; Monash Health
The team‘s trial, using cutting-edge genetic analysis of biopsy material, revealed that diagnostic accuracy can be improved. In fact, their results, published in Clinical Cancer Research, improved pancreatic cancer detection from 78 to 91 per cent.
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 21
L-R:
“He saved my life. I am a lucky girl.” — patient Concetta Vasille Dr Daniel Croagh, Concetta Vasille, Dr Joanne Lundy
Published in Nucleic Acid Research, June 2021
By examining how the immune system detects RNA molecules, A/Prof Gantier is bringing the incredible potential of RNA therapies closer to these patients. His unique body of work is the largest in this field and is being used globally to define how some RNA therapies can block key immune system sensors that normally alert our body to infections.
• Autoimmune disease There could be treatments for many previously undruggable conditions.
What are RNA therapeutics
‘X’ factor propels
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A/Prof Gantier’s vision also took a step closer to being realised with the signing of a commercial licencing agreement to develop RNA therapies for patients with autoimmune diseases. See page 37 for the story.
“Thanks to the funds invested in vaccines for COVID-19, the mainstream use of RNA therapeutics is around 5-10 years ahead. It is now clear that RNA therapeutics, beyond vaccines, will grow to benefit millions of people,” A/Prof Gantier says.
The challenge A focus of A/Prof Gantier’s research is understanding how RNA molecules interact with the immune system to help create RNA-based treatments for autoinflammatory diseases such as lupus, psoriasis, Parkinson’s and fatty liver diseases.
Professor Michael Gantier
Funders NHMRC/ARC; Québec Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Canada Collaborators Pharmorage Pty Ld; Integrated DNA Technologies
When A/Prof Gantier was doing his PhD 20 years ago, RNA therapeutics was an emerging field. But it was clear to him that its potential would revolutionise medicine. But science time is slow — it takes a mountain of patience, global collaboration, and an Everest of funding to make progress. Over the past two decades, global RNA therapeutics researchers made solid headway, including scooping a couple of Nobel Prizes. Then came the real gamechanger — the pandemic, and that elusive ‘X’ factor, funding, which enabled laboratory potential to be transformed into patient treatments.
“The experience cemented my interest in science and how inflammation could be controlled to help patients,” says A/Prof Today,Gantier.he is leading research into RNA therapeutics, a rapidly expanding category of drugs with the potential to revolutionise treatments for many diseases, including those driven by inflammation.
• Vaccines While mRNA vaccines are life-saving, they require multiple doses to be effective and come with side effects including fatigue and muscle pain. Long-lasting vaccines with fewer side effects could be possible.
The RNA revolution
• Fewer treatments Patients’ quality of life could be improved greatly by replacing a daily cycle of drugs or weekly injections with six-monthly injections with RNA therapeutics.
RNA therapeutics are a rapidly expanding category of drugs that have the potential to revolutionise treatments for many diseases, including some that have previously been untreatable. The RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecule is essential in gene coding, decoding, regulation and expression. RNA therapeutics aim to modulate the immune system’s response by tapping into a short RNA sequence to prevent the production of rogue proteins that can cause problems. The best-known examples of RNA therapeutics are mRNA COVID-19 vaccines.
RNA THERAPIES
“Our vision is to create longlasting therapies for autoimmune diseases, including those currently considered untreatable.”
What is RNA? DNA and RNA are a class of molecules called nucleic acids (the ‘NA’ in DNA and RNA). They contain and access the genetic information that controls which cells do what in our bodies. They are present in all forms of life, including bacteria and viruses, and are essential for our immune system to detect infections. In a cell, the main job of RNA is to convert information stored in DNA — our genetic blueprint or instruction — into proteins. This task is carried out by a specific type of RNA called ‘messenger’ RNA, or mRNA.
When he was 11 years old, Associate Professor Michael Gantier had a close shave with death. Failing to recover after having his appendix removed, he was rushed to emergency surgery where doctors discovered he had sepsis. He would have died within hours if they hadn’t acted so quickly.
In 2021, he published the most comprehensive description of how RNA therapeutics interact with the immune system in Nucleic Acid Research. This important work has the potential to unlock the secrets of RNA’s inflammatory effects, and to improve patient treatments in three areas
Leading RNA researcher Dr Minni (Minna-Liisa) Änkö was enlisted to join an esteemed global panel of RNA biology and virology vaccine experts who will advise on Victoria’s mRNA research and manufacturing capability. Established in June 2021, mRNA Victoria’s Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) comprises 10 global and local leaders in the fields of immunology, virology and infectious diseases. SAG Chair and Victoria’s Lead Scientist, Dr Amanda Caples, will harness the group’s significant knowledge to guide Victoria’s mRNA future. “The benefits of SAG will be widespread, from preparing for emerging threats which can be tackled with RNA-based treatments, to the creation of jobs in research and production. This is a crucial time for Australia’s growing biotech industry and Victoria is at the centre, but there is a lot to be done,” Dr Änkö says.
Änkö ANNUAL REPORT 2021 23
Associate Professor Michael Gantier Dr Minni (Minna-Liisa)
Global experts guiding Victoria’s mRNA future
CHILDHOOD CANCER
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More than 870 Australian children are diagnosed with cancer each year, and almost 100 of them on average will die. The Victorian Paediatric Cancer Consortium (VPCC) aims to change this.
TheWEHIChildren’s Cancer Foundation improve medical care, and train the childhood cancer leaders of tomorrow.
Uniting for childhood cancer
VPCC partners Hudson Institute of Medical Research Monash Children’s Hospital Monash University Royal Children’s Hospital Murdoch Children’s Research Institute University of Melbourne Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
The VPCC partnerships span discovery research and clinical innovation programs; integrated biobanking, data management and bioinformatics platforms; capacity building for training the next generation of researchers and clinicians; and annual scientific symposia and educational events.
L-R: Jeff Darmanin, CCF Executive Director, Professor Ron Firestein
The VPCC was made possible thanks to the tireless efforts of the Children’s Cancer Foundation and funding from the Australian Government’s Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF).
A world-class Melbourne collaboration is set to beat the worst childhood cancers.
Funded by a three-year $9.6M Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) grant, the VPCC unites leading Melbourne research, clinical and academic institutes to treat children’s cancers with a low survival rate and reduce significant harm from treatments. Co-led by Professor Ron Firestein (Hudson Institute) and Professor David Eisenstat (MCRI, RCH), the team will drive impactful and interdisciplinary research,
Thanks to the VPCC, children like Lachy and their families will benefit from coordinated research and clinical care across Victoria, including targeted treatment options and reduced side effects. in hospital and lost his blond, wavy hair during 14 months of treatment. Incredibly, he is now more than 18 months cancer-free, with a full head of curly hair, thanks to an amazing medical team. His parents, Ryan and Carly, and seven-year-old sister Isabelle can’t praise them enough. “It gives you hope, not just for your own child, but for others,” Ryan says. “It also shows in the results — when we were diagnosed it was 50/50 — we knew medical research could make that better.
Lachy was the perfect baby, until he developed fevers, vomiting and general tiredness at 18 months. What followed was a nightmare for his family but ultimately gave them hope thanks to the Melbourne researchers who contributed to his state-of-the-art treatment.
“Lachy still faces challenges, some hearing loss, the loss of a kidney and some long-term stuff associated with radiation and treatment, but he’s here with us, he’s happy and we’re on the path to being cured,” says Carly.
Lachy's story
Lachy and his sister Isabelle
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Lachy had an 11 cm tumour in his abdomen, caused by a Stage IV neuroblastoma which had spread to his bone marrow. Five rounds of chemotherapy followed, then 11 hours of surgery to remove the tumour — which also removed a kidney — and a stem cell transplant to grow bone marrow. Next came two weeks of daily radiation therapy, and five rounds of immunotherapy. Lachy spent a month
“My career goal is to prevent cerebral palsy, which is caused by damage to the developing brain either during pregnancy or around the time of birth,” she says.
Characterising high-risk
She is particularly interested in the physiology of how low birth weight, preterm birth and hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in full-term infants cause brain injury in babies.
Another promising finding — thanks to the work of Dr Tayla Penny and Dr Courtney McDonald, published in Scientific Reports — was that umbilical cord blood therapy could be equally effective in treating these brain injuries in both males and females, despite the differences in their brains.
“Unlike other stem cell types, NSCs can integrate into damaged brain tissue, replacing dead neurons; the team analysed all available lab-based pre-clinical studies and found that NSCs can reduce brain injury and improve physical function after injury occurs,” Prof Miller says.
Professor Suzanne Miller knows there are crucial times, either during pregnancy or at birth, when human existence is at its most fragile and injuries with lifechanging effects can occur.
Preventing brain injury in babies
There’s a huge team effort at Hudson Institute to ensure that as many babies as possible get a healthy start to life, with every chance to realise their full potential.
A better start A 2021 highlight was Prof Miller’s discovery, published in the Journal of Pineal Research, revealing that melatonin can protect the newborn brain against a lack of oxygen. It was a result worth celebrating.
“The term cerebral palsy describes a movement disorder, but it’s important to remember that brain injury before or soon after birth is also the primary cause of more subtle cognitive, learning and behavioural dysfunctions that may affect many more Australian children,” she says.
“Melatonin has potent antioxidant properties to fight against damaging free radicals. This important study showed that melatonin significantly enhances newborn brain protection and lays the foundations for a treatment which has strong implications for reducing neonatal death and disability,” Prof Miller says. In further work by PhD student Madeleine Smith, definitive answers were provided on the effectiveness of neural stem cells (NSCs) to treat neonatal brain injury, in a review published in Stem Cells Translational Medicine.
Collaborators Cerebral Palsy Alliance; Monash Health; Monash Newborn; Monash University; University of Auckland Funders Gates Foundation; Inner wheel Australia; NHMRC
Prof Miller and her team are striving to create more of these moments.
It’s always been accepted that the time of birth is a period of high risk, but new research shows that the developmental period in utero can be problematic for some babies, particularly those with low birth weight.
“Day to day life as a biomedical scientist can be a hard slog and the eureka moments are rare, but goodness, when they come around, they are rewarding!” Professor Suzanne Miller
INFANT AND CHILD HEATH Published in Journal of Pineal Research, June 2021
Prof Miller leads a dedicated team of researchers looking into every aspect of this time, to better understand the situations that can cause brain injury in babies and develop new treatments for those injuries when they happen.
“The high incidence of disability, learning or behavioural problems that last an entire lifetime means that more research must be undertaken to characterise which infants are at high risk, and tailor treatments to reduce brain injury and improve quality of life.”
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“A decade or so ago it was considered that curing or preventing cerebral palsy was not possible, but huge progress has been made with interventions for highrisk babies and I now believe that both the incidence and severity of cerebral palsy can be reduced.”
Every
Around
Cerebral palsy facts 15 hours, an Australian baby is born with a brain injury that underlies cerebral palsy. It is a permanent, lifelong condition with no cure. 34,000 Australians have cerebral palsy.
L-R Madeleine Smith, Dr Courtney McDonald, Dr Tayla Penny, Professor Suzanne Miller
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Published in Reproductive Biomedicine Online, April 2021 ENDOMETRIOSIS
At present the average time between symptom onset and diagnosis is seven to 10 years and the only way to confirm the presence of the disease is through invasive surgery, so anything which reduces that time and makes diagnosis easier is a game-changer.
Some scientific discoveries have the power to prevent years of pain and suffering. Professor Caroline Gargett and her team are within reach of making that dream a reality for millions of women.
“Menstrual fluid donation provides an opportunity for women to contribute to important endometriosis research while surgeries are impacted by the pandemic,” said Dr Filby.
Collaborators Epworth HealthCare; Monash Health; The University of Queensland Funders Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; NHRMC; EndoFound (USA)
This study, published in Human Reproduction, June 2021, showed there’s potential for menstrual fluid to be used to diagnose endometriosis.
Tailored treatment
Global impact
“We would like to develop the first non-invasive test for endometriosis, reducing the time to diagnosis from 10 years to less than a year.” Professor Caroline Gargett “Our research also aims to determine how a woman’s genetics may affect the function of endometrial epithelial progenitor cells, specifically how endometriosis risk genes affect their function.”
Through their research, it’s possible that a debilitating disease affecting one in nine women of reproductive age will be easier and, most importantly, faster to diagnose, meaning better treatments sooner.
endometriosisEnding
Prof Gargett says: “The surgeries women with endometriosis undergo are regarded as the lowest priority elective surgeries, so many women already waiting years for diagnosis and treatment prior to the pandemic, have continued to suffer in pain with little alternative to surgery.
“We would love to be able to offer women a simple and painless menstrual fluid test to confirm their suspicions of endometriosis.”
That would make a huge difference in times like these, when the pressures COVID-19 has put on the medical system have made it much harder for women needing endometriosis surgery.
In a study published in Reproductive Biomedicine Online, Prof Gargett’s team was the first to show the role of endometrial stem/progenitor cells in the disease — establishing that they can escape through the fallopian tubes from the uterus into the surrounding pelvic cavity, where they have the potential to survive and grow into painful lesions.
Dr Filby believes a menstrual fluid endometriosis test could be one of the biggest changes ever seen in treatment of this disease. “This could dramatically change the diagnostic pathway for young women,” she says.
Their latest findings, published in the Journal of Personalized Medicine, further expand the potential of menstrual fluid to be used for a range of treatment purposes. Dr Filby generated organoids, miniature endometrial organs, from menstrual fluid, which can be obtained non-invasively. In the future, menstrual fluid organoids may allow us to determine a treatment pathway tailored to each woman’s specific symptoms, without the need for surgery.
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This is research with global impact, so it’s fitting that Prof Gargett was recently recognised by the Endometriosis Foundation of America (EndoFound), which named her among the inaugural members of its Scientific Advisory Board. She is also on the International Scientific Committee of the Fondation Pour la Recherche sur l’Endométriose in “WorkingFrance. with Dr Caitlin Filby and Katherine Wyatt, we found that the stem/progenitor cells and proteins in menstrual fluid are relatively constant between periods for any given woman,” Prof Gargett says.
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L-R: Professor Caroline Gargett, Dr Caitlin Filby, Nicole Fernley long diagnosisacan
take
“All 13-year-olds should be taken seriously when they have period health concerns. Severe period pain is not normal. One in nine women have endometriosis — this common disease should not take 20 years of suffering to diagnose. Research to help patients is an urgent health priority,” says Nicole.
Nicole Fernley experienced excruciating pain from her first period as a 13-year-old. She was told this was normal. She sought help from numerous doctors and underwent many tests. It took 20 years for her diagnosis.
176M worldwideAffected 1 in 10 Women affected 7-10 YEARS How
Major step for male fertility
Funders Evans Family; NHMRC Professor Ron Firestein
For clinicians, detecting cancer is a victory in itself, but stopping its spread is crucial to a successful outcome.
30 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Putting the brakes on bowel cancer
“In total, this work has found the ‘two brake pads’ that when pressed together stops cancer gene expression and growth,” Prof Firestein says.
The research, published in the journal Molecular Cell, marks a significant step in the understanding of how the transcription machinery process works in cancer cells.
A world-first sighting of ‘sneaky’ sperm particles outside their usual ‘home’ in the testes offers hope for the 1 in 10 infertile men and new insight for cancer researchers. Dr Liza O’Donnell’s surprising discovery was that sperm-derived proteins can enter the bloodstream, providing the
Realising that very similar drugs are currently in clinical trials to treat acute myeloid leukaemia, the team knew they had uncovered a promising potential treatment option, and published their important findings in Sciences Advances, May “Due2021.tolimited therapeutic options, bowel cancer patients, especially those diagnosed at late stages, have very poor outcomes,” Prof Firestein says. ”These findings may pave the way to developing new targeted therapies for bowel cancer Targetedpatients.”therapy is a relatively new way of treating bowel cancer. It has many advantages over conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as it only affects cancer cells, is better tolerated by patients, and has fewer side effects.
Trialling two agents that inhibit the gene KMT2A, Prof Firestein and Dr Wan saw how they blocked bowel cancer growth and self-renewal, with very little damage to normal cells.
Collaborators University of Newcastle; WEHI; Justus-Liebig University, Germany Funders NHMRC that cancer cells are fundamentally evasive and utilise multiple paths to become malignant,” he says.
For Professor Ron Firestein, 2021 brought welcome results in that endeavour, thanks to the discovery that disabling two proteins together robs bowel cancer cells of their ability to express genes necessary for growth and spread. Australia has one of the highest rates of colon cancer in the world — one in 13 Australians will develop the disease in their lifetime — and it is the nation’s second deadliest cancer.
“This research could have far-reaching impacts beyond bowel cancer, showing
Published in Molecular Cell, December 2021
In a separate study with Dr Chunhua Wan, using Nobel Prize-winning genetic screening technology to identify new targets for bowel cancer tumours, the researchers discovered that a gene associated with leukaemia is also involved with bowel cancer.
Published in The FASEB Journal, March 2021 Dr Liza O’Donnell rationale for a simple blood test for infertile men, instead of an invasive biopsy. “This new knowledge represents a major step forward to advance fertility diagnosis and treatment,” says Dr TheO’Donnell.finding debunks the established belief that sperm-specific proteins are confined to testes’ sperm-producing tubules. Instead, the team found that they are released into surrounding testicular fluid and can circulate in the “Myblood.first thought was ‘uh oh, someone has made a mistake’!” says Dr O’Donnell. “But the findings were confirmed in different ways, and we can share this exciting discovery with the world.” Huge advances in proteomics technologies that measure thousands of proteins in biological fluids made the discovery possible. The findings may enable a blood test to measure sperm-producing capacity and guide sperm retrieval for IVF procedures. “Other benefits include helping men who can’t provide a sperm sample due to religious beliefs, and aiding research into male contraceptives and the environmental impacts on fertility. “It could also inform cancer research and treatment. Many of the sperm-specific proteins found in the testes fluid are also known as cancer testis antigens, which are biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy,” she says.
In May, a study by Dr Kate Lawlor and collaborator Professor Vince James (WEHI) published in Nature Communications shed light on the potential triggers of inflammation. The research focused on the cytokine, interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), which is critical to clearing infections but is also associated with sepsis and driving autoinflammatory and inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, Type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
Chronic or acute inflammation can contribute to a range of ailments — some potentially deadly — including stroke, respiratory and heart disease, cancer, arthritis, asthma, dementia, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes.
Dr Pearson’s goal is to identify the key underlying mechanisms of disease caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, in the search for alternative treatment options for serious infections.
Collaborators Justus-Liebig University, Germany; Oxford-Brookes University, UK; University of Virginia, USA Funders NHMRC Published in Andrology, August 2021 L-R: Professor Mark Hedger, Dr Rukmali Wijayarathna
Field leader Dr Jaclyn Pearson and her team are working on prolonging the effectiveness of a class of drugs, including antibiotics, that the World Health Organization calls ‘the backbone of modern medicine’.
Collaborators Australian National University; Monash University; Royal Melbourne Hospital; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Funders NHMRC
Published in Nature Communications, August 2021
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 31
“We need to know how this is happening and intervene to avoid a situation where we have no treatment options for lifethreatening infections.”
Dr Jaclyn Pearson
A unique environmentimmune
Last line in the fight against infection
“We now face a situation where common infections may again become untreatable,” Dr Pearson says.
As bacteria become more able to avoid current treatments, they can also cause more severe disease,” she says.
Better understanding of the immune system, from how it protects itself from invaders to the ways it can sabotage itself, has brought enormous benefits to humanity. It was a previous immune system discovery that led Dr Rukmali Wijayarathna to identify a significant cause of male infertility and, potentially, a new basis for male contraception. Her findings were published in the journal, Andrology Sperm grow in the testes, but it is in the organ known as the epididymis where they acquire the ability to fertilise an egg. The epididymis has a unique immune environment that prevents the body identifying sperm as ‘foreign’ and attacking them. However, Dr Wijayarathna, a postdoctoral researcher working with Professor Mark Hedger, found that if there is a blockage in the tubes between the testis and the epididymis, that environment changes, making it hostile for sperm survival and maturation.
“Currently, 40 per cent of infertile men worldwide are diagnosed with unexplained or ‘idiopathic’ infertility, where the cause is unknown,” she says. “What we have identified is potentially not just a significant cause of previously unexplained infertility, it could also be a starting point in the development of new forms of male contraception.” While male infertility is on the rise, the need for effective male contraceptives remains unmet. These findings could have a significant impact on both those challenges.
“The increase in antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella is co-occurring with increased disease severity in humans.
Previous IL-1ß research had focused on understanding how it is activated and how inhibiting this process or neutralising IL-1ß could reduce inflammation. However, little was known about how the precursor IL-1ß protein is Theregulated.teamdiscovered a key event that contributes to the depletion of inactive IL-1ß and limits access to the enzyme that activates IL-1ß. The discovery is a major step in understanding how IL-1ß levels could be manipulated to limit inflammatory responses and developing treatments for diseases associated with excessive inflammation.
The world is in the midst of another global health crisis, one that existed before COVID—19 — antimicrobial resistance.
Collaborators Monash University; University of Melbourne; WEHI Funders NHMRC Published in Nature Communications, May 2021 Dr Kate Lawlor
Taming inflammation
In August, Dr Pearson published a paper in Nature Communications identifying a group of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are circulating in humans and livestock in Australia, known as monophasic Salmonella.
Collaborating with the University of Western Australia, University of
L-R:
32 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Queensland and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute to access large databases, Dr Yang’s team found a strong relationship between aldosterone levels and high blood pressure from a young age. This research has generated evidence to support earlier testing for aldosterone excess as a cause of high blood pressure so that the underlying condition can be accurately diagnosed and treated to prevent future heart disease. Since Dr Yang established PA treatment protocol in 2010 and the Endocrine Hypertension Service at Monash Health in 2016, PA diagnoses have increased 40-fold, from two to three cases per year prior to 2010 to over 90 cases in 2020. In addition to her research and clinic, Dr Yang is improving clinician awareness so that patients like her father are diagnosed and treated much sooner.
PA affects one in 10 patients with hypertension, but less than one in 100 patients know they have the disease as it is often misdiagnosed as conventional hypertension. Patients can have PA for decades without knowing the cause, missing the right therapy and suffering preventable heart disease or stroke.
Collaborators Baker IDI; Barwon Health; Monash University; University of Queensland; University of Western Australia Funders Heart Foundation; Rebecca Cooper Foundation in Hypertension, June 2021 Dr Jun Yang, Lisheng Yang
After watching her father struggle with hypertension (high blood pressure) for decades, endocrinologist Dr Jun Yang found he had a hormonal condition called primary aldosteronism (PA).
Finding the cause of high blood pressure
Published
One of the latest studies by Associate Professor Rebecca Lim and Mihiri Goonetilleke aims to develop treatments for the most common liver disease of all, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Its prevalence is hard to determine, but recent estimates show 12 per cent of the US population has NASH and it will be the leading cause of liver transplants in that country by 2025.
Dr Daniel Gough L-R: Associate Professor Rebecca Lim, Mihiri Goonetilleke
The discovery was a eureka moment: “When we looked down the microscope, we expected to see the most common lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, but instead found the overexpression of MYC had completely changed it to SCLC,” Dr Gough says.
“This work is putting Australia on the map for stem cell research."
In a study published in Stem Cells
Now A/Prof Lim and her team are running early phase clinical safety trials to take this treatment into neonatal wards, saving lives and improving lifelong health. She continues to challenge conventional thinking and look for solutions.
Associate Professor Rebecca Lim
“Our next aim is to understand what patients with liver disease will benefit from these treatments and identify the types of liver injuries that are most likely candidates for placental cell therapy.”
“While cell therapy is neonatal medicine’s new frontier, translating research discoveries into treatments is our challenge,” A/Prof Lim explains.
Collaborators Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research; Monash Health; Monash University; QEII Medical Centre; The University of Western Australia Funders Medical Research Future Fund; NHMRC Published in Oncogene, October 2021 Published in Stem Cell Research and Therapy, July 2021
Translational Medicine, her team overcame a major treatment hurdle that had been overlooked — that the system used to deliver cell therapy can reduce the number of cells delivered.
Surviving to thriving Groundbreaking cell therapy treatments are a step closer for some of our most vulnerable patients — preterm babies at high risk of serious lung disease.
Their work will inform the first protocol for intravenous (IV) delivery of cell therapies to "Thenewborns,goalisto find a dose that is well tolerated and effective in reducing the severity of lung disease and other complications, such as cerebral palsy,” A/Prof Lim says.
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 33
Expect the unexpected Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the ‘worst of the worst’ with high mortality rates and no improvements in treatment for almost 40 Unfazedyears.by the challenge, Dr Daniel Gough set out to understand the molecular drivers of SCLC — and in the process made a breakthrough that offers patients new hope. In a study published in Oncogene, Dr Gough revealed that SCLC can show significant differences depending on the type of cell it originates in. This finding suggests that SCLC is not one disease but several, creating the potential for new forms of treatment.
Dr Gough says at present more than 95 per cent of SCLC patients succumb to the disease.
“Until now, SCLC was thought to arise from just one cell type — the rare neuroendocrine cells (PNEC). However, we found that a mutation of the common cancer gene MYC enables other lung cell types to form SCLC,” Dr Gough says.
“Currently there are no treatment options for NASH to prevent progression of liver disease, and ours is the first evidence that placental cells can control the liver’s own response to this condition,” Ms Goonetilleke says.
In a paper published in Stem Cell Research and Therapy, the team established that stem-like cells from the placenta have the potential to reduce the liver’s inflammatory response to NASH.
Collaborators Monash University; Royal Women’s Hospital; University of Melbourne Funder NHMRC Published in Stem Cells Translational Medicine, January 2021
Associate Professor Rebecca Lim is a global leader in cell therapy research, dedicating more than 10 years to understanding how stem cells from the amniotic sac could reverse the downward spiral of life-threatening diseases. This research culminated with a world-first cell therapy trial for extremely premature babies with severe lung disease.
Funders Cancer Council Victoria; Victorian Cancer Agency Collaborators Peninsula Oncology; Cancer Care Manitoba, Canada Liver disease treatment on the horizon Inflammation underpins hundreds of health conditions, contributing to more than half of all deaths worldwide.
Piers K Fowler Trust Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research
RobertFoundationConnor Dawes Foundation RUN SnowdomeDPIG Foundation Stillbirth Foundation Australia The Andrea Joy Logan Trust Fund
The Hon. Gayle Tierney
PHILANTHROPY 34 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
We are grateful for the gifts received from individuals, trusts, foundations and organisations during the year.
Leukaemia Research Foundation Magee-Womens Research Institute and MonashFoundationHealth Foundation Monash NationalUniversityHealthand Medical Research NationalCouncil Institutes of Health (NIH, USA)
The CASS Foundation The Erdi Foundation The Kids' Cancer Project
The Piers K Fowler Scholarship Fund Ms Fiona ProfessorClayLois Salamonsen
Deutsche Forshungsgemeinshaft (German Research Foundation)
We also acknowledge the support of the Victorian State Government through the Operational Infrastructure Support Program, and the Australian Government.
Norman Beischer Medical Research
The Royal Australasian College of Physicians Foundation Tour de Cure Victorian Cancer Agency Victorian Endowment for Science Knowledge and Innovation
Major donors The Evans Family Foundation Mr Nigel Garrard Mr John McBain Estate of Robert Dale Checcucci Professor Henry Burger Professor Mark Hedger Professor Caroline Gargett Mrs Jill Ross-Perrier
Johnson & Johnson Kenneth Rainin Foundation (USA)
HaroldFoundationMitchell Foundation Heart Foundation Inner Wheel Australia
CerebralFoundationPalsy
Thank you to our supporters
OvarianFoundationCancer Research Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Foundation - Pankind Australia Peninsula and South East Oncology Perpetual Trustees
Equity Trustees - The Sylvia & Charles Viertel Charitable Trust Financial Markets Foundation for GranulosaChildren Cell Tumor Research
Funding bodies Australia and New Zealand Sarcoma Association Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral AustralianSocietyCommunities Foundation Australian Government, Department of AustralianHealth Government, Medical Research Future Fund Australian Health Research Alliance Australian Research Council Bethlehem Griffiths Research
The Phoebe and Jacob Jones Trust Mrs Kathleen Johnston Mrs Jill D'Arcy Ms Michelle Dudycha Professor Arthur Clark AM Mrs Joan Donaldson Mr Neville Marriott S&D Hain Foundation Mr Philip Weickhardt Mr Robert Russell Liddle Dr Hasina Yeasmin
Carrie'sCANTEENCancerCancerFoundationAustraliaCouncilVictoriaBeanies4Brain Cancer Alliance Children's Cancer Foundation Children's Tumour Foundation Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Department of Defense (USA)
Endometriosis Foundation of America (EndoFound, USA)
Nigel and Cathy Garrard will never even know the names of many of the people whose lives they have transformed through one simple act of generosity.
After initially having success reducing these problems through cell-based treatments A/Prof Lim has gone further. She is now working on new ways of delivering life-changing treatments that could help these children avoid developing chronic lung and other conditions in the first place. There is also a possibility the same techniques could be used for a range of conditions previously thought Excellentuntreatable.science takes time, but this has the potential to be a game-changer. And none of it would have happened without a single, extra special gift.
Here at Hudson Institute, some extra special gifts have the power to change thousands of lives for generations to come.
L-R: Cathy Garrard, Nigel Garrard, Associate Professor Rebecca Lim
The gift of hope
In an act that could have far-reaching benefits, Nigel and Cathy Garrard have provided one of those gifts — funding world-leading science with the potential to extend and improve the lives of children born very prematurely.
“For us the decision was easy. We knew the difference we could make by helping to fund Associate Professor Rebecca Lim’s life-changing medical research,” Nigel and Cathy say.
“There are unique challenges when dealing with premature infants. They are tiny, their organs haven’t fully matured, the equipment is tiny and every single intervention can significantly affect the patient, so we have to be extremely careful,” A/Prof Lim says.
Sadly, the same treatments that are required to help tiny babies keep breathing — ventilation and steroids — can have damaging impacts in the long term, such as Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Thanks to this funding, brilliant researchers like A/Prof Lim are developing new treatments for some of the most common and debilitating conditions faced by these babies as they grow and develop.
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 35
Robert Connor Dawes Foundation
Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation
The search for a major breakthrough in early detection of ovarian cancer continues here at Hudson Institute, and when that breakthrough comes, the Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation (OCRF) will be at the top of the list of organisations responsible.
The Robert Connor Dawes Foundation (RCD) is one young man’s legacy in action, and Hudson Institute is proud to be a recipient of funding that helps us maintain and advance our work on paediatric brain tumours — the illness that claimed Connor’s life at just 18 years old. With the Foundation’s help, our scientists are going beyond genomic sequencing to identify new targeted therapies for paediatric cancers of poorest survival. Thanks to RCD funding, our work continues in mapping functional genomic dependencies for rare childhood brain cancer, and PhD student Shazia Adjumain is thriving with help from the Gideon Gratzer Scholarship. Cerebral Palsy Alliance Hudson Institute’s work with the youngest Australians is the focus of the Cerebral Palsy Alliance’s (CPA) funding. Our researchers study the crucial days and minutes before and after birth to establish the causes of cerebral palsy and to minimise its impact when it does occur. Our scientists also look further, studying the many effects this condition can have throughout a lifetime and how they impact each other. CPA knows that our success can be measured in the harm that’s avoided and in protection of quality of life. It is CPA funding that powers PhD student Elly Green’s three-year project, focused on preventing brain injury in premature babies.
AND FOUNDATIONS
Our loyal supporters Hudson Institute is grateful for the ongoing support of our generous trusts and foundations who form part of our wider community, helping to connect our Institute and scientists with patients who inform our research TRUSTS
Hudson Institute’s childhood cancer research is far-reaching, and now with the creation of the Victorian Paediatric Cancer Consortium (VPCC), we’re combining forces with Melbourne’s best medical minds and top institutions. A huge key to that development is the Children’s Cancer Foundation (CCF) whose tireless work helps to fund, promote and propel our work throughout Australia and beyond. Generous Children’s Cancer Foundation funding has provided sponsorship of an annual international Childhood Cancer Research Symposium, hosted by Hudson Institute, as well as the second phase of the Hudson-Monash Paediatric Precision Medicine Program.
For many years the OCRF has been a consistent funder of our research teams, allowing our scientists to explore new avenues of hope in detection and treatment of this devastating illness. The latest funding goes to Prof Ron Firestein’s team working on functional genomic approaches for identifying new ovarian cancer therapeutic targets, and Dr Andrew Stephens’ ovarian cancer tissue bank.
L-R: Lucinda Nolan, CEO OCRF, Clare O'Neil MP, Federal Member for Hotham and Shadow Minister for Senior Australians and Aged Care Services, Dr Maree Bilandzic, Dr Andrew Stephens, Professor Elizabeth Hartland, Peta Murphy MP, Federal Member for Dunkley Elly L-R:GreenScientists Claire Sun, Shazia Adjumain (back), Thy Hoang (front), Nicole Chew and Paul Daniel, who raised nearly $10,000 for RCD L-R: Professor Ron Firestein, Jeff Darmanin, CCF Executive Director
36 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Children’s Cancer Foundation It is hard to imagine a diagnosis that impacts a whole family more than cancer in a child.
Margaret Bright
Central to this connection is Hudson Institute’s strong focus on excellence, its remarkable history and continued integration of women in research and leadership roles. Margaret herself paved the way for other women, including being a role model to her four daughters. She was the first woman to graduate in Agricultural Science at La Trobe University, after being part of the original intake in 1968. After completing a Master of Science in reproductive endocrinology at the University of Melbourne, Margaret embarked on a successful career in laboratory research, regional health data, and more recently, epidemiology. “Establishing a career in research is competitive and not an easy feat, let alone in an industry where women make up a much smaller percentage of the workforce. I’m proud to support Hudson Institute for its focus on female leadership in STEM and its outstanding women’s health research,” says HudsonMargaret.Institute is sincerely grateful for the ongoing contributions of Margaret Bright and other long-term supporters. Their generosity ensures more women can flourish in STEM and their transformative research in areas like women’s health can continue to benefit patients for many years to come.
We were humbled in 2021 to receive notification of a planned gift in Will from our supporter, Christopher, specifying his desire to support research into childhood Christopher’scancers.generous gift is earmarked to support the work of Associate Professor Ron Firestein, who leads Hudson’s Centre for Cancer Research and is Head of Research and Chief Investigator in the Hudson Monash Paediatric Precision Medicine (HMPPM) TheProgram.HMPPM Program is focused on improving treatment for childhood cancer patients with the greatest unmet clinical need.
Long-term support from an epidemiology leader
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 37
Hudson Institute benefits from the generosity and vision of supporters like Christopher, which enable continued focus on new treatments, trials and therapies.
“Hopefully not sounding pompous, I can think of no more worthy pursuit than medical research, particularly to benefit children, and am glad one day to be able to contribute in some way.” Christopher “I chose childhood cancers because of the serious consequences on young lives,” he says.
After a 50-year career in science, including leadership of the chronic disease epidemiology team in Queensland, Margaret Bright has remained connected to Hudson Institute as a supporter and has maintained great affection for the research and its reputation among scientists. Her initial contact with Hudson Institute was through an endocrinology role in the Professorial Unit at the Royal Women’s Hospital, where she encountered Professor Bryan Hudson (former Director) and his team.
“A generous gift like Christopher’s will allow for more flexibility and innovation in the research we are doing at the Centre for Cancer Research, which could be a true game-changer for advances in childhood cancer,” says A/ Prof Firestein.
A legacy to support childhood research
As part of this program, a living biobank of paediatric brain tumours and solid cancers has also been established, enabling researchers here and elsewhere to trial and develop targeted treatments and improve clinical outcomes, survival rates and quality of life (limiting side effects) for children with Christopher’scancer. foresight to leave a gift in his Will could assist with the discovery and development of new therapies for the treatment of childhood cancers at Hudson and via the HMPPM Program.
Professor Ron Firestein
The value of commercial agreements rose from $5.4 million in 2020 to $7.1 million in 2021, a 31 per cent increase. Four patents protecting our discoveries were granted in nine countries; while three provisional patent applications were progressed to PCT or International Phase; and five new provisional applications were filed. Significant 2021 commercial collaborations included Epsila Bio, Noxopharm (Pharmorage), Invion,
Medical Research Commercialisation Fund, Cartherics, Lateral Pharma, and companies associated with Morningside Ventures.
Business development and commercialisation ensures the Institute's scientific discoveries move from the lab to clinical trials and ultimately patients' treatments or diagnosis. Working with industry, academic and government partners, research is protected, commercialised and developed for future use. Rob ChiefMerriel,Commercialisation Officer
While the pandemic impacted other revenue streams, 2021 commercialisation income through agreements was strong, showing the importance of diversification of the Institute’s revenue sources.
Hudson Institute was actively involved in four start-up companies during 2021, executed three new IP licences, and term sheets were agreed for new startup initiatives. That activity resulted in a 10 per cent increase in finalised contracts and agreements in 2021.
38 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Business development and commercialisation
Cutting-edge ribonucleic acid (RNA) technology, with the potential to reduce inflammatory side effects of drugs and make them easier to manufacture, has been developed by Hudson Institute and secured through an exclusive global licensing deal. RNA technology has come to the fore during the COVID-19 pandemic with the approval and use of mRNA-based vaccines — it is seen as a key contributor to future drug development for not only vaccines, but other diseases as well. The licence is for RNA drug discovery and mRNA vaccine manufacture with Australian clinical-stage drug development company Noxopharm Ltd, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Pharmorage Pty Ltd.
MansellANNUAL
“The arrangement enables the incubation and translation of research from the laboratory to patients, while also investing in the development of students and staff,” he says. The appointment builds on a relationship between Morningside and Hudson Institute formed in early 2017.
RNA licensingtechnologydeal
Lateral Pharma Morningside Ventures
Associate Professor Michael Gantier Associate Professor Michelle Tate Associate Professor Ashley
REPORT 2021 39
Leading RNA researcher Associate Professor Michael Gantier’s RNA technology was developed over 15 years and targets key immune sensors at the root of unwanted inflammatory responses. “We discovered a new class of inhibitors that can outcompete immune sensing of therapeutic RNAs like those used in mRNA vaccines. That means fewer inflammatory side effects, optimum therapeutic potential without reducing manufacturing efficiency,” says A/Prof PharmorageGantier. will use the technology to pursue the development of drugs to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and improve the safety and efficiency of mRNA vaccines. There are currently few effective drugs available to treat severe viral lung infections, which can be fatal when our body’s immune system overacts. New drugs that dampen damaging inflammation and reduce the impact of respiratory viral infections are desperately needed. In partnership with Lateral Pharma Pty Ltd, Associate Professor Michelle Tate and her team are developing novel drugs to treat severe viral lung infections that can be dangerous in children and the elderly, including influenza and the common cold (respiratory syncytial virus; RSV). Viral infections require the virus to infect its host by attaching to and replicating within the host cells. While current antiviral drugs target the virus itself, Lateral’s drugs are unique because they target a newly discovered pathway that enables host cells to dampen inflammation and stop the virus from replicating. They do this using naturally derived protective proteins to fight the Critically,virus.these first in class drugs display both anti-inflammatory and anti-viral efficacy in preclinical models. To bring them to patients, the team is performing critical ‘proof of concept’ and mechanistic studies in influenza and RSV models, with a view to developing a new class of safe but potent anti-viral drugs. Hudson Institute’s leadership in inflammation research was reconfirmed with the appointment of Associate Professor Ashley Mansell to global firm Morningside BioPharma Advisory, a subsidiary of Morningside Ventures.
A/Prof Mansell, an inflammation scientist, accepted the role of Senior Director of Research and Development with the company, a technology and life science venture investment firm with offices in Boston, London and Shanghai. The appointment brings mutual benefits, as A/Prof Mansell continues independent inflammation research at Hudson Institute while also performing his new role as Morningside’s research leader developing anti-inflammatory therapies within their existing companies. A/Prof Mansell will interact with the company’s local investments and identify new research with commercial potential.
Australia and Parents at Work, Family Inclusive WorkplaceTM certification encompasses policies and practices around flexible work, parental leave, family care and family wellbeing — all actions that Hudson Institute takes extremely seriously. It recognises a commitment to implementing, measuring, managing and sustaining a family-friendly workplace culture. This includes understanding that many people have parenting and caring responsibilities outside work that often intertwine with work hours.
To celebrate LGBT+STEM Day, a chalk event saw Hudson Institute’s driveway transformed into a rainbow, and a Hudson Ally LGBT+ STEM Day seminar and discussion panel focused on the importance of inclusion and shared experiences. “We’re proud of the active allyship generated by the Hudson Ally Network. There was wonderful support shown by staff and students who incorporated positive messages for LGBTIQA+ colleagues as part of our chalk art,” says Dr McGillick.
Certification also notes an awareness of and actions around creating a culture where equality, integrity and respect are core values.
Celebrating diversity in STEM Rainbow art and a special seminar helped the Hudson Ally Network promote a supportive environment for members of our LGBTQIA+ community. The network nurtures diversity and active allyship among colleagues and is led by Dr Beth Allison and Dr Erin McGillick, as part of the Equity and Diversity Committee.
First for families Hudson Institute has become Australia’s first medical research institute to be officially recognised by Family Friendly WorkplacesTMLedbyUNICEF
QueersInScience Award
All this was underlined by COVID-19, which changed where, when, and how we work. In light of this, the People and Culture team developed an Action Plan to further embed family-friendly measures and deliver this to national standards.
L-R: Professor Elizabeth Hartland, Dr Erin McGillick, Dr Beth Allison
Dr McGillick was “incredibly honoured” to receive the national QueersInScience Scott Johnson Memorial Award for her institutional and international LGBTIQA+ advocacy in STEM. The award recognises work towards improving lives and making workplaces safer and more inclusive for LGBTIQA+ people in STEM. “I am grateful to the allies who have worked with me to develop these initiatives and I look forward to continuing to create environments where nobody has to choose between who they are and doing the job they love,” she says.
People
40 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Some of the biggest breakthroughs in medical science have come from understanding the workings of the body’s tiniest systems. It’s the search for those understandings that drives Dr Wilson Wong, who joined the Institute in 2021, leading the Structural Biology of Inflammation and Cancer Research Group. With a remarkable scientific record behind him and Australia’s largest grouping of inflammation researchers around him,
“I am inspired by making fundamental discoveries that have far-reaching influences on science and the potential to positively impact on the treatment of disease.”
Dr Wong’s research is twofold. In addition to inflammation and cancer, he is also a leading expert in malaria and how it invades human red blood cells. He has previously been awarded the highest scientific honour from WEHI, the Burnet Prize, for his work identifying the structure of invasion ligands and ribosome of the human malaria parasite.
Dr Wilson Wong is excited by what the future holds. He is working on understanding how inflammation is activated in cells and how malfunction could lead to the multitude of diseases.
Dr Wilson Wong Remarkable science
Dr Wilson Wong
Award-winning research
“My research focus is revealing the molecular mechanisms of proteinnucleic acid complexes and the critical role they play in inflammation and chromosome ends protection. Particularly where their malfunction could result in susceptibility to cancer, auto-inflammatory disease, infections and premature cellular ageing,” Dr Wong says.
Dr Wilson Wong
OUR RESEARCH LEADERS
“My ultimate goal is to use the knowledge we uncover to develop treatments for auto-inflammatory diseases, cancer and conditions associated with genome instability,” he says.
“Malaria is an infectious disease that kills over 400,000 people each year. I was able to solve the structure of a key malaria vaccine candidate, providing a blueprint for a malaria vaccine,” he says.
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 41
Each of Hudson Institute’s 43 Research Groups is led by a Research Group Head — scientists who have demonstrated significant achievements in their field of research. In 2021, four scientists were promoted to Research Group Heads in recognition of their outstanding scientific discovery and leadership. As Research Group Heads, they will lead their team’s scientific investigation, mentor students and contribute to Institute leadership.
A quest for stillbirth prevention Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a hidden and often debilitating disease with no reliable treatment. It develops when tissues, pelvic floor muscles and ligaments that support the pelvic organs become damaged, usually in childbirth, causing organs to shift or ‘drop’ into or outside the vagina.
Dr Miranda Davies-Tuck's focus is on preventing stillbirth. This includes improving maternity care and pregnancy, and birth outcomes for women and Shebabies.has an outstanding record of achievement, including her role as a Chief Investigator on the NHMRC Stillbirth Centre for Research Excellence (Stillbirth CRE), and participation in landmark studies that have changed clinical practice, leading to a reduction in stillbirth rates.
With a background in biomedical engineering, Dr Shayanti Mukherjee is developing a world-first safe POP treatment combining stem cells from a woman’s own uterus with biodegradable materials, using 3D printing and nanotechnology.
“Millions of women worldwide suffer from POP with very limited treatment options,” says Dr Mukherjee. “We are working to make mothers’ lives better as they age — exciting work that could bring enormous benefits to many.”
“Preventing preterm stillbirth, when most stillbirths occur, is a major challenge. While most research focuses on the placenta, this ignores the critical steps at conception and before the placenta has formed. Scientists have been in the dark about these events and the potential they hold for preventing the loss of infants before birth,” says Dr “ThisDavies-Tuck.willbethe first study to describe the endometrial conditions in women who experience stillbirth. This new knowledge will uncover the early drivers of stillbirth and potential treatments to optimise implantation or support fetal development.”
Dr Miranda Davies-Tuck
In 2021, Dr Davies-Tuck was awarded a grant from Stillbirth Foundation Australia to undertake a world-first study on the causes of preterm stillbirth.
In 2021, her bioengineeringgroundbreakingworkwonher the prestigious international Women in STEM2D Scholar Award — from more than 650 global applications. The award supports women at critical points in their careers, fuelling a talent pipeline of female STEM leaders.
OUR RESEARCH LEADERS 42 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Dr Shayanti Mukherjee POP innovation recognised
Dr Beth Allison and her daughter Penny
“Success for me would mean that FGR infants grow up with better cardiovascular health outcomes,” she says.
Dr Beth UnderstandingAllisonthe seeds of cardiovascular disease
Dr Robert Galinsky’s focus is on the developmental period around birth, and changes in newborns’ brains that can have a negative impact on healthy brain function. His aim is to find a treatment for cerebral palsy.
Dr Robert Galinsky
Anti-inflammatory cure for cerebral palsy
Dr Allison has already identified current treatments that are not suitable for babies born with FGR.
Exposure to inflammation at or around the time of birth is a key contributor to impaired newborn brain development and the development of cerebral palsy, a disability that affects one in 500 Australians and more than 17 million people worldwide. Sadly, there is no effective treatment for cerebral palsy.
Dr Allison also leads the Hudson Ally Network, which creates a supportive and welcoming environment for the LGBTQIA+ community.
“By better controlling a key inflammatory pathway in the brain that is overactivated in infants that develop cerebral palsy, we hope to promote healthy brain development and function,” Dr Galinsky says. “Improving the lives of infants at greatest risk of disability and their families is what gets me out of bed in the morning.”
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 43
In a study published in Neuroinflammation, Dr Galinsky identified key cellular and physiological pathways that underpin how inflammation impairs brain cell development, and an existing anti-inflammatory drug, anakinra, that could help.
Being born small or with fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases the risk of future cardiovascular disease.
Dr Allison’s interest in this field of research deepened after she gave birth to a daughter with FGR. “My experience has inspired me to understand how FGR will impact my daughter’s health at all ages,” she says. “FGR babies have distinct medical needs that may require different and personalised medical attention. My aim is to give them the best start in life by finding new personalised treatments for FGR infants and those requiring cardiovascular support.”
Dr Beth Allison investigates how the health of the pregnancy impacts fetal development, particularly how hypoxia affects fetal heart and blood vessel development.
Preventing stomach cancer
Prof Ferrero was awarded an NHMRC Ideas Grant to investigate how NLRC5 offers this protection against stomach lymphoma. He has also received funding from the US Department of Defense for a three-year study to develop a vaccine against H. pylori infection to which veterans and their families are frequently exposed.
Silicosis, a deadly and incurable lung disease afflicting Australian tradies, could be successfully treated following a multi-million-dollar federal funding boost.
Prof Gargett is world-renowned for discovering stem/progenitor cells in human endometrium, the highly regenerative lining of the uterus, thereby establishing a new field of research in reproductive biology. She is now applying that knowledge and expertise to discover stem cells in the human vagina, aiming to develop new treatments for women with compromised vaginal structure and function.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that infects half the world’s stomachs, causing inflammation and disease. It can also lead to stomach cancer, which has a survival rate of less than 30 per cent. The body fights H. pylori by mobilising white blood cells to the stomach, but this same process can lead to lymphoma. Prof Ferrero has found that a host protein, NLRC5, can help generate immune responses to protect against lymphoma.
AWARDS 44 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
“Identifying biomarkers could improve silicosis diagnosis and prognosis, and the effectiveness of potential treatments” — Associate Professor Michelle Tate
The Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) has backed collaborative projects investigating ways to prevent and treat the potentially fatal lung disease caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica fibres while cutting artificial stone benchtops. An estimated 20 per cent of Australian stonemasons exposed to the fibres are at risk of lung conditions like silicosis.
2021 saw Professor Caroline Gargett recognised as a key member of a team awarded the $US1 million Magee Prize for their research proposal to identify vaginal stem Profcells.Gargett was the only member of the team from outside the USA working on the project Vaginal Stem Cells: the missing link in vaginal reconstruction
International honours
Associate Professors Michelle Tate and Ashley Mansell will undertake the research with our partners Monash Health, Alfred Health and Monash University and industry partner Bacainn Therapeutics (USA). The teams aim to identify inflammatory markers and disease biomarkers that can be used to predict the silicosis development and severity, and investigate drugs that could dampen the inflammatory response.
When our research attracts the highest international honours, the descriptions ‘world-leading’ and ‘groundbreaking’ are apt.
Two significant research grants awarded to Professor Richard Ferrero will improve understanding of stomach cancer and possibly lead to a vaccine against a common bacterial infection.
“This important research is for women without a vagina or who have lost much of it via life-saving surgery — it is to give them their lives back,” Prof Gargett says.
Beating lung disease
Tackling bone cancer survival
Dr Vijesh Vaghjiani has been awarded one of two grants by the Australia and New Zealand Sarcoma Association (ANZSA) to help children and young adults with osteosarcoma, a highly aggressive bone tumour. Osteosarcoma survival rates have not improved since chemotherapy was introduced 40 years ago.
Supporting preterm babies
work.ANNUAL REPORT 2021 45
Research on helping at-risk preterm infants begin breathing and reduce injury has attracted an NHMRC Ideas Grant of more than $1 million.
Preterm birth is the single greatest cause of death and disability in children.
Using cutting edge technologies, Dr Vaghjiani will investigate the underlying causes of recurrent osteosarcoma due to a poor chemotherapy response. The answers will provide a path for improved treatments.
This significant grant will help Prof Hooper continue his valuable
“By translating scientific advances into clinical realities globally, we can save and protect thousands of newborns,” Dr Blank says.
Failing to breathe at birth kills more than one baby every minute, while more than five per cent of all babies worldwide need help breathing after birth. This new study, Improving Neonatal Resuscitation, will investigate a simple technique that may make birth safer for babies, including delaying umbilical cord clamping to maintain placental circulation.
“This project has enormous potential to greatly improve the clinical care and outcomes of young osteosarcoma patients,” says Dr Vaghjiani.
Dr Doug Blank’s research into how newborns start breathing and the difficulties some of them encounter has received a prestigious NHMRC Emerging Leadership Investigator Grant.
Improving babies’ breathing
Professor Stuart Hooper AM and his team are looking for ways to improve success providing gentle respiratory support at birth for the 92 per cent of very preterm babies who need it.
Unlocking the microbiome
The Australian Research Council has awarded Dr Vanessa Rossetto Marcelino a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) to investigate the complex nutritional relationships between microorganisms in the gut microbiome.
The human microbiome contains trillions of microorganisms that govern human health. Understanding how they interact has become increasingly important to science and medicine.
Dr Marcelino will build computational models of how microbes interact under a range of conditions. In addition, she will help establish a ‘gut-on-a-chip’ — an artificial but realistic environment to see how microorganisms interact with each other, their host, and potential drugs. The research will inform strategies to manipulate microbial communities and eventually guide new treatments.
While providing respiratory support with a face mask is the gentlest approach, it often fails because a baby’s vocal cords automatically close if they stop breathing, preventing air from entering their lungs.
A key focus at Hudson Institute is to mentor the next generation of medical researchers. In 2021, more than 176 Honours, Masters and PhD students were supervised by our senior scientists, giving them the knowledge, skills and confidence to forge a successful medical research or clinical career. PhD candidate Penny Whiley and her supervisors, internationally recognised reproductive health experts Professor Kate Loveland and Associate Professor Robin Hobbs, are working to answer what causes male infertility.
Fertile ground for future leaders
In Australia, one in 20 men is infertile and for many the underlying cause is unknown. I study the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that are essential for lifelong production of sperm in the testis. My research has identified that too much activin A in the developing testis disrupts SSC establishment, potentially leading to infertility and testicular tumours later in life. The answers we uncover will help scientists develop new treatments. What is your typical day? Research is all about discovery and learning. I love trying to understand how our bodies work and discovering something new. My days are spent in the laboratory, doing experiments and analysing results. The rest of the time, I’m reading up on new discoveries or attending meetings where I present my data and learn about others’ amazing research.
What’s important for people to know about science?
Good science takes time. Your body is amazingly complex, and everything is interlinked, so understanding how one gene/protein/RNA works within an organ requires a logical and thorough approach. Why did you choose your supervisors/group? Collaboration and a supportive environment are vital to succeeding in science. I worked at Hudson Institute before embarking on a PhD, so I knew my supervisors were encouraging and supportive. The community of students, medical researchers and on-site clinicians also offers plenty of opportunity for collaboration. What was your 2021 highlight? Winning both the School and Faculty level 3 Minute Thesis (3MT) competitions. This event provides a unique challenge for PhD students to communicate their research to the public in just three minutes. I think it’s more important than ever for scientists to practise sharing their work and its impact in an uncomplicated and engaging manner.
46 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Penny Whiley PhD Whatstudentareyou researching?
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 47
importantWhySupervisorKateProfessorLovelandisasupervisorinscience?
My role is to instil critical thinking that prepares students for a lifetime of exploration and finding answers. Every student learns differently, so the aim is to provide an environment for each student to excel. That requires setting realistic and clear goals, and providing a place where people feel safe to share, collaborate and expand their knowledge.
L-R: Professor Kate Loveland, Penny Whiley, Associate Professor Robin Hobbs
Associate Professor Robin WhySupervisorHobbsareresilience and curiosity important in science?
Scientific curiosity is essential — it motivates and drives progress. Resilience is vital because the trialand-error nature of science means that most experiments don’t work as planned. Success in science often follows the lessons learnt from many failures. While negative results are disheartening, they can ultimately point the way towards the most insightful discoveries.
The use of stem cells to treat perinatal brain injury Dr Courtney McDonald, A/Prof Suzie Miller Dr Manjeet Kaur Sandhu The role of IL-38 in inflammatory bowel disease Prof Marcel Nold, A/Prof Claudia Nold, Dr Ina Rudloff, Dr Gregory Moore Dr Beatrix Stadler
Role of oxytocin in the contractility of the male reproductive tract: implications for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia Dr Betty Exintaris, Prof Kate Loveland, Prof Ralf Middendorp, Dr Michael Whittaker Dr Rachelia Raissa Wibawa Role of Dot/Icm effector proteins in Legionella pneumophila replication in macrophages Prof Elizabeth Hartland, Dr Shivani Pasricha Master of Philosophy Ms Nayla Leon Carlos Understanding PML nuclear bodies in health and disease Prof Vincent Harley, A/Prof Lee Wong 176 Enrolled students (PhD, Honours)Masters, 126 PhD, Masters 26 Students with medical training 68 Graduates 50 Honours
48 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Dr Joanne Lundy Advancing precision medicine in pancre atic cancer using endoscopic ultrasound guided biopsy Dr Daniel Croagh, Prof Brendan Jenkins Dr Laura Moffitt
Dr Jennifer Hutchison Studies in obesity-associated advanced glycation end products and female fertility Prof Lois Salamonsen, Prof David Gard ner, Prof Guiying Nie, Dr Jemma Evans Dr Nazanin Karimnia Development of diabetic complications by the Set7 methyltransferase enzyme Dr Andrew Stephens, Prof Magdalena Plebanski, Dr Maree Bilandzic Dr Manijeh Khanmohammadi Multi-modal biomaterial boosted cell therapy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse Prof Caroline Gargett, Dr Fiona Cousins, Dr Shayanti Mukherjee Dr Hue Mai La Roles of mTORC1 signalling in sper matogonial stem cell maintenance and regeneration A/Prof Robin Hobbs, Dr Jan Kaslin Dr Emma Lamanna
The role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 in ovarian tumours Prof Magdalena Plebanski, Dr Andrew Stephens Dr Anna Maria Muccini Creatine as a prenatal treatment to protect multiple fetal organs from the effects of acute hypoxia Dr Stacey Ellery, Prof David Walker, Dr Matthew McKenzie
Our graduates
Dr Kallyanashis Paul Nanotechnology for gynecology: bioengineering nanostructured drug-releasing meshes for pelvic organ Prof Caroline Gargett , Dr Shayanti Mukherjee, Prof Laurence Meager Dr Tayla Penny
Congratulations to our Postgraduate and Honours students who graduated in 2021 Doctor of Philosophy Dr Benjamin Amberg (MD PhD)
Characterising airway and vascular changes in a mouse model of broncho pulmonary dysplasia (BPD) A/Prof Jane Bourke, A/Prof Claudia Nold Dr Paul Leong Pulmonary artery pulsatility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Prof Philip Bardin, Dr Paul King, A/Prof Brian Ko, Dr Martin MacDonald
The physiological effects of amniotic CO2 insufflation Dr Kelly Crossley, Dr Philip Dekon inck, A/Prof Ryan Hodges, Prof Stuart Hooper AM Dr Sarah Catford Health status and fertility in ICSIconceived children Prof Rob McLachlan, Prof Moira O’Bryan, Prof Jane Halliday Dr Wai Chin Chong Investigation of panobinostat differenti ation therapy in SWI/SNF-deficient solid tumours Dr Jason Cain, A/Prof Elizabeth Algar
Bachelor of Biomedical Science (Honours) Ms Siti Zahrah Azman Ms Elizabeth Bakaniozos Ms Jessica Bean Ms Yoveena Brian Ms Eilidh Cameron Ms Jasmine Chuah Ms Jennie Do Ms Johanna Farley Ms Amber Irving Mr Filip Jeftic Mr Eeshan Jhingran Mr Rachid Kamareddine Ms Navneet Kaur Ms Gabrielle Malabanan Ms Hoang Thy Nguyen Mr Matthew Parker Ms Emma Pearson Ms Chiara Piazzese Ms Joanna Picerni Ms Jacqueline Piskopos Ms Bruna Rossi Herling Ms Ainsley Somers Ms Monica Suehiro Ms Melanie Tripp Ms Neluni Yapa Udawela Bachelor of Medical Science (Honours) Miss Ashleigh Carolan Mr Shaveen Kariyawasam Mr Keeth Mayakaduwage Mr Matthew Oyang Ms Wentong Mary Xu Mr Henry Shen Bachelor of Science MsMrMsMrMrMsMsMsMsMsMrMsMsMrMrMsMsMr(Honours)BlakeAshleySenayBayerEbonyCannataStevenGarrickLiamGubbelsJamiaHemphillKaylaKockayaJosephLamNatalieMercuriMsLucyMonkOrlenMuliaBrianaPetersonPaigeRiddingtonAishahSegumohamedDominicSilvestriniTasmanSutherlandDarcyTantanisMaxwellWhittyMariamZobair L-R: (back row) Penny Whiley, Michael Luu, L-R: (front row) Dr Sarah Moody, Dr Diana Micati ANNUAL REPORT 2021 49
Board of directors The directors of Hudson Institute of Medical Research Board, 31 December 2021 PROFESSOR CHRISTINA MITCHELL AO MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FAHMS PROFESSOR WARWICK ANDERSON AM BS (Hons) UNE, PhD (Adelaide), DUniv (Adelaide), FAHA (Int), FRCPA (Hon), FAAHMS, DH (Newcastle) MR NIGEL GARRARD BEcomm, AICD, CA FAMI Chair, Hudson Foundation MR ANDREW LEYDEN BComm Chair, Investment Committee; Member, Hudson Foundation MR GEORGE OU MBA, CPA DR ROBERT (BOB) EDGAR AM BOARD CHAIR BEcon (Hons), PhD (Ohio State), FAICD 50 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Ms Zita Peach (Chair), Dr Andrew Gearing, Dr Alastair Hick, Dr Chris Smith, Dr Tony Eglezos, Mr Rob Merriel (Secretary), Professor Elizabeth Hartland, Professor Claudia Nold, Ms Carmela Monger (Business Development Manager) Dr Kate Mackin (Business Development Coordinator).
Mr Chris Dodd (Chair), Mr George Ou, Mr Rob Merriel (Secretary), Professor Elizabeth Hartland and Mr Alan Lahiff (Financial Accountant).
Investment Committee
MR CHRIS DODD MBA, FCAANZ Chair, Finance and Audit Committee MR ROB COMPANYMERRIELSECRETARY BA, Grad Dip (Psych), Grad Dip (Accounting), CPA PROFESSOR KIM CORNISH BS (Hons), PhD (London) MS ZITA PEACH BSc, FAICD, FAMI Chair, Intellectual Property and Commercialisation Committee PROFESSOR ANDREW STRIPP BOARD OBSERVER BBSc (Hons), MSc (Clinical Psychology)ANNUAL REPORT 2021 51
and
Board committees Finance and Audit Committee
Mr Andrew Leyden (Chair), Mr Nigel Garrard, Mr Rob Merriel and Mr Alan Lahiff (Secretary).
Intellectual Property and Commercialisation Committee
COMMITTEES Career Development Committee Culture and Engagement Committee Early Career Researcher Committee Education and Training Committee Equity and Diversity Committee Ethics Committee Hudson Institute Student Society OHSE Committee Research Committee Seminar Committee BOARD SUBCOMMITTEES Finance and Audit Committee Investment Committee Intellectual Proper ty and Commercialisation Committee EXECUTIVE BOARD OF DIRECTORS CENTRE HEADS SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT GROUP Chief Financial Officer Chief Commercialisation Officer Company Secretary Mr Rob Merriel Senior Operations Manager Dr Joseph Pereira Deputy Director Professor Paul Her tzog Director and CEO essor Elizabeth Har tland LATFinanceS Centre for Cancer Research Associate Professor on Firestein Centre for Reproductive Health Professor Kate Loveland The Ritchie Centre Professor Stuar t Hooper Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases Professor Brendan Jenkins Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism Professor Peter Fuller Head of Fundraising and Communications Garry Tanner Executive Officer Ms Ann Scott CommercialisationFinance and IP Research Office Research Integrity People and Culture LogisticsOHSE and Technical Services (LATs) CommunicationsFundraisingBioresourcesPurchasingPlatformsStrategicCommittees Organisation structure 52 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Commercial Research 9% Scientific and Laboratory 80% Victorian Government 7% Infrastructure Monash University 6% Other Income 2% Investment Income 1% Philanthropic Grants 14% Administration Expenses 20% Australian Government 61% Revenue 2021 ($) 2020 ($) 2019 ($) Australian Government 35,831,133 33,717,571 28,408,235 Philanthropic Grants 7,975,494 7,672,830 8,168,395 Commercial Research 5,539,265 5,374,502 3,984,044 Victorian Government 3,844,981 2,419,514 3,172,168 Infrastructure Monash University 3,702,044 3,207,348 3,616,999 Other Income 1,283,901 1,084,855 1,485,615 Investment Income 701,942 400,587 586,932 Total 58,878,760 53,877,208 49,432,388 Expenditure 2021 ($) 2020 ($) 2019 ($) Scientific and Laboratory 46,558,691 42,911,471 40,238,073 Administration Expenses* 11,465,389 9,952,501 9,058,817 Total 58,024,079 52,863,972 49,296,890 Financial snapshot *Administration Expenses include: special projects; salaries of administrative and scientific support staff; fundraising; communications; rent, utilities and buildings; information systems; professional services; legal patents and commercialisation; finance; and insurances. ANNUAL REPORT 2021 53
4 Alexander SP, Cidlowski JA, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Southan C, Davies JA, Coons L, Fuller PJ, Korach KS, Young MJ (2021) The Concise Guide to Pharmacology 2021/22: Nuclear hormone receptors. Br J Pharma col 178 Suppl. 1:s246-s263.
12 Badurdeen S, Kamlin COF, Rogerson SR, Kane SC, Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Davis PG, Blank DA (2021) Lung ultrasound during newborn resusci tation predicts the need for surfac tant therapy in very and extremely preterm infants. Resuscitation 162:227-235.
16 Bawazeer A, Rosli S, Harpur CM, Docherty CA, Mansell A, Tate MD (2021) IL-1β exacerbates disease and is a potential therapeutic target to reduce pulmonary inflammation during severe influenza A virus infection. Immunol Cell Biol. 99:737748.
19 Browne HP, Almeida A, Kumar N, Vervier K, Adoum AT, Viciani E, Dawson NJR, Forster SC, Cormie C, Goulding D, Lawley TD (2021) Host adaptation in gut Firmicutes is as sociated with sporulation loss and altered transmission cycle. Genome Biol. 22:204.
11 Badurdeen S, Santomartino GA, Thio M, Heng A, Woodward A, Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Blank DA, Davis PG (2021) Respiratory support after delayed cord clamping: a prospective cohort study of at-risk births at ≥35(+0) weeks gestation.
2 Lundy J, Jenkins BJ, Saad MI (2021) A Method for the Establishment of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Pa tient-Derived Xenografts in Mice. Methods Mol Biol. 2279:165-173.
Journal Articles 1 Aitken RJ, Curry BJ, Shokri S, Pujianto DA, Gavriliouk D, Gibb Z, Whiting S, Connaughton HS, Nixon B, Salamonsen LA, Baker MA (2021) Evidence that extrapancreatic insulin production is involved in the mediation of sperm survival. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 526:111193.
7 Amberg BJ, Hodges RJ, Rodg ers KA, Crossley KJ, Hooper SB, DeKoninck PLJ (2021) Why do the fetal membranes rupture early after fetoscopy? A review. Fetal Diagn Ther. 48:493-503 8 Angus LM, Yang J, Cheung AS (2021) Persistent aldosteronismpost-adrenalectomyhypoaldosteronismforprimary–aroleforpre-operativespironolactone?
54 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH Book
Chapters
3 Aldahhan RA, Stanton PG, Ludlow H, de Kretser DM, Hedger MP (2021) Experimental cryptorchidism causes chronic inflammation and a progressive decline in sertoli cell and leydig cell function in the adult rat testis. Reprod Sci. 28:29162928.
5 Alhayyani S, McLeod L, West AC, Balic JJ, Hodges C, Yu L, Smith JA, Prodanovic Z, Bozinovski S, Kumar B, Ruwanpura SM, Saad MI, Jenkins BJ (2021) Oncogenic dependency on STAT3 serine phosphorylation in KRAS mutant lung cancer. Onco gene. 41:809-823.
10 Baburamani AA, Tran NT, Castil lo-Melendez M, Yawno T, Walker DW (2021) Brief hypoxia in late gestation sheep causes prolonged disruption of fetal electrographic, breathing behaviours and can result in early labour. J Physiol. 599:3221-3236.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 106:627-634.
13 Baker EK, Wallace EM, Davis PG, Malhotra A, Jacobs SE, Hooper SB, Lim R (2021) A protocol for cell therapy infusion in neonates. Stem Cells Transl Med. 10:773-780.
17 Bellofiore N, George E, Vollenhoven B, Temple-Smith P (2021) Repro ductive aging and menopause-like transition in the menstruating spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus). Hum Reprod. 36:3083-3094.
18 Brouwer E, Knol R, Hahurij ND, Hooper SB, Te Pas AB, Roest AAW (2021) Ductal Flow Ratio as Measure of Transition in Preterm Infants After Birth: A Pilot Study. Front Pediatr. 9:668744.
15 Bassam A, Thacker J, Walter LM, Davey MJ, Nixon GM, Horne RS (2021) Nocturnal dipping of heart rate is impaired in children with Down syndrome and sleep dis ordered breathing. Sleep Med 81:466-473.
2 Aldahhan RA, Stanton PG (2021) Heat stress response of somatic cells in the testis. Mol Cell Endocri nol. 527:111216.
9 Aridas JD, Yawno T, Sutherland AE, Nitsos I, Wong FY, Hunt RW, Ditchfield M, Fahey MC, Malhotra A, Wallace EM, Gunn AJ, Jenkin G, Mill er SL (2021) Melatonin augments the neuroprotective effects of hypo thermia in lambs following perinatal asphyxia. J Pineal Res. 71:12744.
14 Baroni L, Sundaresan L, Heled A, Coltin H, Pajtler KW, Lin T, Merchant TE, McLendon R, Faria C, Buntine M, White CL, Pfister SM, Gilbert MR, Armstrong TS, Bouffet E, Kumar S, Taylor MD, Aldape KD, Ellison DW, Gottardo NG, Kool M, Korshunov A, Hansford JR, Ramaswamy V (2021) Ultra high-risk PFA ependymoma is characterized by loss of chro mosome 6q. Neuro Oncol. 23:13601370.
Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep. 2021:210137.
1 Jenkins BJ (2021) Research and Clinical Applications of Targeting Gastric Neoplasms. ed. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Academic Press. pp 352.
6 Amberg B, DeKoninck P, Kashyap A, Rodgers K, Zahra V, Hooper S, Crossley K, Hodges R (2021) The effects of cold, dry and heated, humidified amniotic insufflation on sheep fetal membranes. Placenta. 114:1-7
2021 Publications
33 Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Abrignani S, Addo R, Akdis M, An drä I, Andreata F et al (2021) Guide lines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (3rd edition). Eur J Immunol 51:2708-3145.
35 Cvejic L, Guiney N, Lau KK, Finlay P, Hamza K, Leong P, MacDonald M, King PT, Bardin PG (2021) Swallow patterns associated with aspiration in COPD: a prospective analysis. ERJ Open Res. 7:00170-2021.
40 de las Heras N, Galiana A, Balles teros S, Olivares-álvaro E, Fuller PJ, Lahera V, Martín-Fernández B (2021) Proanthocyanidins maintain cardiac ionic homeostasis in aldo sterone-induced hypertension and heart failure. Int J Mol Sci. 22:9602.
34 Cvejic L, Bardin PG (2021) Breath ing-swallow dysfunction in COPD: How silent aspiration may be contributing to exacerbations. Respirology. 26:1110-1111.
39 Dawson RE, Deswaerte V, West AC, Tang K, West AJ, Balic JJ, Gearing LJ, Saad MI, Yu L, Wu Y, Bhathal PS, Kumar B, Chakrabarti JT, Zavros Y, Oshima H, Klinman DM, Oshima M, Tan P, Jenkins BJ (2021) STAT3-me diated upregulation of the AIM2 DNA sensor links innate immunity with cell migration to promote epithelial tumourigenesis. Gut. gutjnl-2020-323916.
36 Cvejic L, Guiney N, Nicholson T, Lau KK, Finlay P, Hamza K, Osadnik C, Leong P, MacDonald M, King PT, Bardin PG (2021) Aspiration and severe exacerbations in COPD: A prospective study. ERJ Open Res. 7:00735-02020.
38 Davidson JO, van den Heuij LG, Fraser M, Wassink G, Miller SL, Lim R, Wallace EM, Jenkin G, Gunn AJ, Bennet L (2021) Window of oppor tunity for human amnion epithelial stem cells to attenuate astrogliosis after umbilical cord occlusion in preterm fetal sheep. Stem Cells Transl Med. 10:427-440.
20 Budden CF, Gearing LJ, Kaiser R, Standke L, Hertzog PJ, Latz E (2021) Inflammasome-induced extracel lular vesicles harbour distinct RNA signatures and alter bystander macrophage responses. J Extracell Vesicles. 10:e12127.
Protein engineering of a stable and potent anti-inflammatory IL-37-Fc fusion with enhanced therapeutic potential. Cell Chem Biol. S24519456:00438-4.
24 Chung IYW, Li L, Tyurin O, Gagari nova A, Wibawa R, Li P, Hartland EL, Cygler M (2021) Structural and functional study of Legionella pneu mophila effector RavA. Protein Sci. 30:940-955.
23 Chee MR, Hoo J, Libianto R, Gwini SM, Hamilton G, Narayan O, Young MJ, Fuller PJ, Yang J (2021) Prospective screening for primary aldosteronism in patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea. Hypertension. 77:2094-2103.
31 Chua N, Singh H, Lay J, Murray M, McDonald J, Craig SS, Giles EM (2021) Emergency presentations for gastrostomy complications are sim ilar in adults and children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 72:141-143.
27 Chen J, Guanizo A, Luong Q, Jayase kara WSN, Jayasinghe D, Inampudi C, Szczepny A, Garama DJ, Russell PA, Ganju V, Cain JE, Watkins DN, Gough DJ (2021) Lineage-restricted neoplasia driven by Myc defaults to small cell lung cancer when combined with loss of p53 and Rb in the airway epithelium. Oncogene 4:138-145.
28 Cheung T, Papanikolaou V, Finlay P, Yong T, MacDonald M, Thompson BR, Bardin PG, King PT (2021) Prev alence of reduced carbon monoxide transfer factor in smokers with normal spirometry. Respir Med 182:106422.
26 Chaddad A, Daniel P, Zhang M, Ra thore S, Sargos P, Desrosiers C, Ni azi T (2021) Deep radiomic signature with immune cell markers predicts the survival of glioma patients. Neurocomputing. 469:366-375.
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 55
37 Davies KL, Camm EJ, Smith DJ, Vaughan OR, Forhead AJ, Murray AJ, Fowden AL (2021) Glucocorti coid maturation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle before birth. J Endocrinol 251:53-68.
25 Cramer S, van Zanten HA, Boezaard M, Hoek PM, Dekker J, Hooper SB, Te Pas AB (2021) High variability in nurses’ tactile stimulation methods in response to apnoea of prematuri ty – A neonatal mannikin study. Acta Paediatr. 110:799-804.
21 Bujotzek A, Tiefenthaler G, Lariviere L, D’Andrea L, Marquez EA, Rudloff I, Cho SX, Deen NS, Richter W, Rege nass-Lechner F, Poehler A, Whiss tock JC, Sydow-Andersen J, Reiser X, Schuster S, Neubauer J, Hoepfl S, Richter K, Nold MF, Nold-Petry CA, Schumacher F, Ellisdon AM (2021)
41 Dekker J, van Kaam AH, Roehr CC, Flemmer AW, Foglia EE, Hooper SB, Te Pas AB (2021) Stimulating and maintaining spontaneous breathing during transition of preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 90:722-730.
29 Chong WC, Jayasekara WSN, Vagh jiani VG, Parackal S, Sun C, Popovski D, Algar EM, Firestein R, Wood PJ, Khan S, Huang A, Ashley DM, Downie P, Cain JE (2021) Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumours are susceptible to panobinostat-mediated differ entiation therapy. Cancers (Basel) 13:5145. 30 Chonwerawong M, Ferrero RL (2021) Analysis of innate immune respons es to helicobacter pylori. Methods Mol Biol. 2283:191-214.
22 Chang CC, Hall V, Cooper C, Grig oriadis G, Beardsley J, Sorrell TC, Heath CH (2021) Consensus guide lines for the diagnosis and manage ment of cryptococcosis and rare yeast infections in the haematology/ oncology setting, 2021. Intern Med J. 51 Suppl 7:118-142.
32 Cornett M, Palermo C, Wallace MJ, Diug B, Ward B (2021) A realist review of scholarly experiences in medical education. Med Educ 55:159-166.
54 Goonetilleke M, Kuk N, Correia J, Hodge A, Moore G, Gantier MP, Yeoh G, Sievert W, Lim R (2021) Address ing the liver progenitor cell re sponse and hepatic oxidative stress in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steato hepatitis using amniotic epithelial cells. Stem Cell Res Ther. 12:429.
51 Giogha C, Scott NE, Wong Fok Lung T, Pollock GL, Harper M, Goddard-Borger ED, Pearson JS, Hartland EL (2021) NleB2 from en teropathogenic Escherichia coli is a novel arginine-glucose transferase effector. PLoS Pathog. 17:e1009658.
53 Gonzalez Rajal A, Marzec KA, McCloy RA, Nobis M, Chin V, Hastings JF, Lai K, Kennerson M, Hughes WE, Vaghjiani V, Timpson P, Cain JE, Watkins DN, Croucher DR, Burgess A (2021) A non-genetic, cell cycle dependent mechanism of platinum resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. Elife 10. 10:e65234.
46 Evans RG, Subasinghe AK, Busingye D, Srikanth VK, Kartik K, Kalyanram K, Suresh O, Arabshahi S, Curkpat rick I, O’Dea K, Walker KZ, Kaye M, Yang J, Thomas N, Arulappan G, Thrift AG (2021) Renal and dietary factors associated with hyperten sion in a setting of disadvantage in rural India. J Hum Hypertens. 35:1118-1128.
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95 Lobachevsky P, Forrester HB, Ivashkevich A, Mason J, Stevenson AW, Hall CJ, Sprung CN, Djonov VG, Martin OA (2021) Synchrotron x-ray radiation-induced bystander effect: An impact of the scattered radia tion, distance from the irradiated site and p53 cell status. Frontiers in Oncology. 11:685598.
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149 Smith MJ, Paton MCB, Fahey MC, Jenkin G, Miller SL, Finch-Edmond son M, McDonald CA (2021) Neural stem cell treatment for perinatal brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cells Transl Med. 10:1621-1636.
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150 Stenning FJ, Polglase GR, Te Pas AB, Crossley KJ, Kluckow M, Gill AW, Wallace EM, McGillick EV, Binder C, Blank DA, Roberts C, Hooper SB (2021) Effect of maternal oxytocin on umbilical venous and arterial blood flows during physiologi cal-based cord clamping in preterm lambs. PLoS One. 16:e0253306.
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139 Rossi GP, Crimì F, Rossitto G, Amar L, Azizi M, Riester A, Reincke M, Degenhart C, Widimsky J, Naruse M, Deinum J, Schultze Kool L, Kocjan T, Negro A, Rossi E, Kline G, Tanabe A, Satoh F, Rump LC, Vonend O, Wil lenberg HS, Fuller PJ, Yang J, Chee NYN, Magill SB, Shafigullina Z, Quin kler M, Oliveras A, Wu VC, Kratka Z, Barbiero G, Seccia TM, Battistel M (2021) Identification of surgically curable primary aldosteronism by imaging in a large multiethnic in ternational study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 106:e4340-e4349.
137 Roberts CT, Klink S, Schmölzer GM, Blank DA, Badurdeen S, Crossley KJ, Rodgers K, Zahra V, Moxham A, Roehr CC, Kluckow M, Gill AW, Hooper SB, Polglase GR (2021) Comparison of intraosseous and intravenous epinephrine admin istration during resuscitation of asphyxiated newborn lambs. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. fetal neonatal-2021-322638.
138 Roberts CT, Manley BJ, O’Shea JE, Stark M, Andersen C, Davis PG, Buckmaster A (2021) Supraglottic airway devices for administration of surfactant to newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a narrative review.
147 Siriwardhana LS, Nixon GM, Davey MJ, Mann DL, Landry SA, Edwards BA, Horne RSC (2021) Children with down syndrome and sleep disor dered breathing display impair ments in ventilatory control. Sleep Med. 77:161-169.
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152 Sutherland MR, Malik W, Nguyen VB, Tran V, Polglase GR, Black MJ (2021)
142 Sartori R, Hagg A, Zampieri S, Armani A, Winbanks CE, Viana LR, Haidar M, Watt KI, Qian H, Pezzini C, Zanganeh P, Turner BJ, Larsson A, Zanchettin G, Pierobon ES, Moletta L, Valmasoni M, Ponzoni A, Attar S, Da Dalt G, Sperti C, Kustermann M, Thomson RE, Larsson L, Loveland KL, Costelli P, Megighian A, Meriglia no S, Penna F, Gregorevic P, Sandri M (2021) Perturbed BMP signaling and denervation promote muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Sci Transl Med. 13:9592
136 Richer G, Hobbs RM, Loveland KL, Goossens E, Baert Y (2021) Longterm maintenance and meiotic entry of early germ cells in murine testicular organoids functionalized by 3D printed scaffolds and air-me dium interface cultivation. Front Physiol. 12:757565.
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134 Rai A, Poh QH, Fatmous M, Fang H, Gurung S, Vollenhoven B, Salam onsen LA, Greening DW (2021) Proteomic profiling of human uterine extracellular vesicles reveal dynamic regulation of key players of embryo implantation and fertility during menstrual cycle. Proteomics 21:e2000211.
144 Schmölzer GM, Roberts CT, Blank DA, Badurdeen S, Miller SL, Crossley KJ, Stojanovska V, Galinsky R, Kluc kow M, Gill AW, Hooper SB, Polglase GR (2021) Single versus continuous sustained inflations during chest compressions and physiologi cal-based cord clamping in asystolic lambs. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. fetalneonatal-2021-322881.
141 Santos-Paulo S, Costello S, Forster S, Travis S, Bryant R (2021) The gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for obesity: a scoping review. Nutr Res Rev. 1-14.
143 Schaschkow A, Pang L, Vandenbe mpt V, Elvira B, Litwak SA, Vekeri otaite B, Maillard E, Vermeersch M, Paula FMM, Pinget M, Perez-Morga D, Gough DJ, Gurzov EN (2021) STAT3 regulates mitochondrial gene expression in pancreatic β-Cells and its deficiency induces glucose intolerance in obesity. Diabetes. 70:2026-2041.
155 Thomas JM, Ling YH, Huuskes B, Je linic M, Sharma P, Saini N, Ferens DM, Diep H, Krishnan SM, Kemp-Harper BK, O’Connor PM, Latz E, Arumugam TV, Guzik TJ, Hickey MJ, Mansell A, Sobey CG, Vinh A, Drummond GR (2021) IL-18 (Interleukin-18) produced by renal tubular epithelial cells pro motes renal inflammation and injury during deoxycorticosterone/salt-in duced hypertension in mice. Hyper tension. 78:1296-1309.
170 Ventura JA, Donoghue JF, Nowell CJ, Cann LM, Day LRJ, Smyth LML, Forrester HB, Rogers PAW, Crosbie JC (2021) The γH2AX DSB marker may not be a suitable biodosimeter to measure the biological MRT valley dose. Int J Radiat Biol. 97:642-656.
172 von Borstel A, Chevour P, Arsovski D, Krol JMM, Howson LJ, Berry AA, Day CL, Ogongo P, Ernst JD, Nomicos EYH, Boddey JA, Giles EM, Rossjohn J, Traore B, Lyke KE, Williamson KC, Crompton PD, Davey MS (2021) Repeated Plasmodium fal ciparum infection in humans drives the clonal expansion of an adaptive γδ T cell repertoire. Sci Transl Med. 13:eabe7430.
ANNUAL REPORT 2021 61 153 Tartey S, Gurung P, Karki R, Burton A, Hertzog P, Kanneganti TD (2021) Ets-2 deletion in myeloid cells attenuates IL-1alpha-mediated inflammatory disease caused by a Ptpn6 point mu tation. Cell Mol Immunol. 18:1798-1808.
160 Tran AHL, Liew D, Horne RSC, Rimmer J, Nixon GM (2021) Sociodemographic associations of geographic variation in paediatric tonsillectomy and ade noidectomy. Sci Rep. 11:15896.
169 Vargas AC, Gray LA, White CL, Maclean FM, Grimison P, Ardakani NM, Bonar F, Algar EM, Cheah AL, Russell P, Mahar A, Gill AJ (2021)
173 Voth K, Pasricha S, Chung IYW, Wibawa RR, Zainudin ENHE, Hart land EL, Cygler M (2021) Structural and functional characterization of legionella pneumophila ef fector MavL Biomolecules. 11:1802.
168 Vannitamby A, Saad MI, Aloe C, Wang H, Kumar B, Vlahos R, Selemidis S, Irving L, Steinfort D, Jenkins BJ, Bozinovski S (2021) As pirin-triggered resolvin D1 reduces proliferation and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in a mutant KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma model. Cancers (Basel). 13: 3224.
162 Tran NT, Muccini AM, Snow RJ, Nitsos I, Hale N, Walker DW, Ellery SJ (2021) The physiological effects of creatine supplementation in fetal sheep before, during and after umbilical cord occlusion and global hypoxia. J Appl Physiol (1985). 131:1088-1099.
163 Vadolas J, Ng GZ, Kysenius K, Crouch PJ, Dames S, Eisermann M, Nualkaew T, Vilcassim S, Schaeper U, Grigoriadis G (2021) SLN124, a GalNac-siRNA targeting transmem brane serine protease 6, in com bination with deferiprone therapy reduces ineffective erythropoiesis and hepatic iron-overload in a mouse model of β-thalassaemia. Br J Haematol. 194:200-210.
167 Vandestadt C, Vanwalleghem GC, Khabooshan MA, Douek AM, Castillo HA, Li M, Schulze K, Don E, Stamatis SA, Ratnadiwakara M, Änkö ML, Scott EK, Kaslin J (2021) RNA-in duced inflammation and migration of precursor neurons initiates neuronal circuit regeneration in zebrafish. Developmental Cell. 56:2364-2380.
171 Vijayaraj SL, Feltham R, Rashidi M, Frank D, Liu Z, Simpson DS, Ebert G, Vince A, Herold MJ, Kueh A, Pearson JS, Dagley LF, Murphy JM, Webb AI, Lawlor KE, Vince JE (2021) The ubiquitylation of IL-1β limits its cleavage by caspase-1 and targets it for proteasomal degradation. Nat Commun. 12:2713.
157 Thomas RJ, Dalton S, Harman K, Thacker J, Horne RSC, Davey MJ, Nixon GM (2021) Smartphone videos to predict the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. Arch Dis Child. 107:148152. 158 Tomar N, Uldbjerg CS, Bech BH, Burgner DP, Pedersen LH, Miller JE (2021) Prenatal antibiotic exposure and birth weight. Pediatr Obes. 17: 12831. 159 Tran AHL, Horne RSC, Rimmer J, Nix on GM (2021) Adenotonsillectomy for paediatric sleep disordered breathing in Australia and New Zealand. Sleep Med. 78:101-107.
Thong EP, Milat F, Enticott JC, Joham AE, Ebeling PR, Mishra GD, Teede HJ (2021) The diabetes-fracture associ ation in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is partially mediated by falls: a 15-year longitudinal study. Osteopo ros. 32:1175-1184.
161 Tran NT, Kelly SB, Snow RJ, Walker DW, Ellery SJ, Galinsky R (2021) Assessing creatine supplementa tion for neuroprotection against perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic en cephalopathy: A systematic review of perinatal and adult pre-clinical studies. Cells. 10:2902.
166 Van Calster B, Benachi A, Nicolaides KH, Gratacos E, Berg C, Persico N, Gardener GJ, Belfort M, Ville Y, Ryan G, Johnson A, Sago H, Kosiński P, Bagolan P, Van Mieghem T, Dekon inck PLJ, Russo FM, Hooper SB, Deprest JA (2021) The randomized TOTAL-trials on fetal surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: re-analysis using pooled data. Am J Obstet Gynecol. S0002-9378:02580-1.
Genome wide methylation profiling of selected matched soft tissue sarcomas identifies methylation changes in metastatic and recur rent disease. Sci Rep. 11:667.
164 Van Calster B, Benachi A, Nicolaides KH, Gratacos E, Berg C, Persico N, Gardener GJ, Belfort M, Ville Y, Ryan G, Johnson A, Sago H, Kosiński P, Bagolan P, Van Mieghem T, Dekon inck PLJ, Russo FM, Hooper SB, Deprest JA (2021) The randomized TOTAL-trials on fetal surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: re-analysis using pooled data. Am J Obstet Gynecol. S0002-9378:025801.
154 Thomas D, Harvey ES, McDonald VM, Stevens S, Upham JW, Katelaris CH, Kritikos V, Gillman A, Harrington J, Hew M, Bardin P, Peters M, Reynolds PN, Langton D, Baraket M, Bowden JJ, Bowler S, Chien J, Chung LP, Farah CS, Grainge C, Jenkins C, Katsoulotos GP, Lee J, Radhakrishna N, Reddel HK, Rimmer J, Sivakumaran P, Wark PAB, Gibson PG (2021) Mepolizumab and oral corticosteroid stewardship – data from Australian Mepolizumab Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 9:2715-2724.e5.
156
165 Valentin R, Wong C, Alharbi AS, Pradeloux S, Morros MP, Lennox KA, Ellyard JI, Garcin AJ, Ullah TR, Kusuma GD, Pépin G, Li HM, Pearson JS, Ferrand J, Lim R, Veedu RN, Morand EF, Vinuesa CG, Behlke MA, Gantier MP (2021) Sequence-depen dent inhibition of cGAS and TLR9 DNA sensing by 2’-O-methyl gapmer oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res. 49:6082-6099.
8 Cousins FL, Pandoy R, Jin S, Gargett CE (2021) The elusive endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol. 9:640319.
3 Campbell NK, Fitzgerald HK, Dunne A (2021) Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1. Nat Rev Immunol. 21:411-425.
4 Cerveny L, Murthi P, Staud F (2021) HIV in pregnancy: mother-to-child trans mission, pharmacotherapy, and toxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1867: 166206.
11 Dekker J, van Kaam AH, Roehr CC, Flemmer AW, Foglia EE, Hooper SB and Te Pas AB (2021) Stimulating and main taining spontaneous breathing during transition of preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 90:722-730.
62 INSTITUTE
181 Wyatt KA, Filby CE, Davies-Tuck ML, Suke SG, Evans J, Gargett CE (2021) Menstrual fluid endometrial stem/ progenitor cell and supernatant protein content: cyclical variation and indicative range. Hum Reprod 36:2215-2229.
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188 Zhu D, Fang H, Kusuma GD, Schwab R, Barabadi M, Chan ST, McDonald H, Leong CM, Wallace EM, Green ing DW, Lim R (2021) Impact of chemically defined culture media formulations on extracellular vesicle production by amniotic epithelial cells. Proteomics. 21:e2000080.
174 Wan C, Mahara S, Sun C, Doan A, Chua HK, Xu D, Bian J, Li Y, Zhu D, Sooraj D, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J, Firestein R (2021) Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen of Wnt/β-cat enin signaling identifies therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. Sci Adv. 7:2567
186 Zhang K, Wang L, Hong X, Chen H, Shi Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Liu JP (2021) Pulmonary alveolar stem cell senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation by p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms in telomerase-deficient mice. Cells. 10: 2892.
6 Christie MJ, Irving AT, Forster SC, Marsland BJ, Hansbro PM, Hertzog PJ, Nold-Petry CA, Nold MF (2021) Of bats and men: Immunomodulatory treat ment options for COVID-19 guided by the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Immunol. 6:0205.
Testosterone treatment to prevent or revert type 2 diabetes in men enrolled in a lifestyle programme (T4DM): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-year, phase 3b trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 9:32-45.
9 Darzi S, Paul K, Leitan S, Werkmeister JA, Mukherjee S (2021) Immunobiology and application of aloe vera-based scaffolds in tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci. 22:1708.
177 Wijayarathna R, Genovese R, Meinhardt A, Loveland KL, Groome NP, Hinton BT, Hedger MP (2021) Examination of testicular lumicrine regulation of activins and immuno regulatory genes in the epididymal caput. Andrology. 74:542-549.
7 Chuah JJM, Hertzog PJ, Campbell NK (2021) Immunoregulation by type I inter ferons in the peritoneal cavity. J Leukoc Biol. 111:337-353.
176 Wassink G, Davidson JO, Crisosto mo A, Zhou KQ, Galinsky R, Dhillon SK, Lear CA, Bennet L, Gunn AJ (2021) Recombinant erythropoietin does not augment hypothermic white matter protection after global cerebral ischaemia in near-term fetal sheep. Brain Commun. 3:172.
178 Wijayaratne PR, Williams K, Davey MJ, Horne RSC, Nixon GM (2021) Factors associated with referral for polysomnography in children with Down syndrome. Sleep Med. 82: 29-36.
1 Almasabi S, Ahmed AU, Boyd R, Williams BRG (2021) A potential role for integ rin-linked kinase in colorectal cancer growth and progression via regulating senescence and immunity. Front Genet. 12:638558.
5 Chong WC, Shastri MD, Peterson GM, Patel RP, Pathinayake PS, Dua K, Hans bro NG, Hsu AC, Wark PA, Shukla SD, Johansen MD, Schroder K, Hansbro PM (2021) The complex interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome: a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders. Clin Transl Immunology. 10:e1247.
183 Yap YA, McLeod KH, McKenzie CI, Gavin PG, Davalos-Salas M, Richards JL, Moore RJ, Lockett TJ, Clarke JM, Eng VV, Pearson JS, Hamil ton-Williams EE, Mackay CR, Mariño E (2021) An acetate-yielding diet imprints an immune and anti-mi crobial programme against enteric infection. Clin Transl Immunology 10:1233. 184 Young MJ, Clyne CD (2021) Mineralo corticoid receptor actions in cardio vascular development and disease. Essays Biochem. 65:901-911.
182 Yang J, May Gwini S, Beilin LJ, Schlaich M, Stowasser M, Young MJ, Fuller PJ, Mori TA (2021) Relationship between the aldoste rone-to-renin ratio and blood pres sure in young adults: A longitudinal study. Hypertension. 78:387-396.
2 Alshareef MH, Hartland EL, McCaffrey K (2021) Effectors targeting the unfolded protein response during intracellular bacterial infection. Microorganisms 9:705.
187 Zhang DY, Monteiro MJ, Liu JP, Gu WY (2021) Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspec tives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 48:1185-1202.
175 Wang L, Wang Z, Liu JP (2021) Identification of peptidomimetic telomere dysfunction inhibitor (TELODIN) through telomere dys function-induced foci (TIF) assay. STAR Protoc. 2:100620.
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180 Wittert G, Bracken K, Robledo KP, Grossmann M, Yeap BB, Handels man DJ, Stuckey B, Conway A, Inder W, McLachlan R, Allan C, Jesudason D, Fui MNT, Hague W, Jenkins A, Daniel M, Gebski V, Keech A (2021)
185 Young MJ, Kanki M, Karthigan N, Konstandopoulos P (2021) The Role of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Di rected Therapies in Heart Failure. Endocrinology. 162:bqab105.
10 Dawson RE, Jenkins BJ, Saad MI (2021) IL-6 family cytokines in respi ratory health and disease. Cytokine. 143:155520.
179 Wilson AL, Moffitt LR, Wilson KL, Bilandzic M, Wright MD, Gorrell MD, Oehler MK, Plebanski M, Stephens AN (2021) DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin enhances lymphocyte recruitment and prolongs survival in a synge neic ovarian cancer mouse model. Cancers (Basel). 13:487.
15 Gundamaraju R, Chong WC (2021) Consequence of distinctive expres sion of MUC2 in colorectal cancers: How much is actually bad? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 1876:188579.
23 May T, Yi KLJ, Loveland KL, Vollen hoven B, Williams K (2021) Overlap of autism and conditions associated with atypical sex hormone levels or response: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 80:101693.
24 McCarthy J, Yang J, Clissold B, Young MJ, Fuller PJ, Phan T (2021) Hypertension management in stroke prevention: Time to consider primary aldosteronism. Stroke 52:e626-e634.
14 Gan J, Giogha C, Hartland EL (2021) Molecular mechanisms employed by enteric bacterial pathogens to antag onise host innate immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol. 59:58-64.
16 Hennes DMZB, Rosamilia A, Werk meister JA, Gargett CE, Mukherjee S (2021) Endometrial susd2+ mesen chymal stem/stromal cells in tissue engineering: Advances in novel cellular constructs for pelvic organ prolapse. J Pers Med. 11:9 840.
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25 Morrison JL, Ayonrinde OT, Care AS, Clarke GD, Darby JRT, David AL, Dean JM, Hooper SB, Kitchen MJ, Macgowan CK, Melbourne A, McGillick EV, McKenzie CA, Michael N, Mohammed N, Sadananthan SA, Schrauben E, Regnault TRH, Velan SS (2021) Seeing the fetus from a DOHaD perspective: discussion paper from the advanced imaging techniques of DOHaD applications workshop held at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress. J Dev Orig Health Dis. 12:153-167.
12 Dhollander T, Clemente A, Singh M, Boonstra F, Civier O, Duque JD, Egor ova N, Enticott P, Fuelscher I, Gaja mange S, Genc S, Gottlieb E, Hyde C, Imms P, Kelly C, Kirkovski M, Kolbe S, Liang X, Malhotra A, Mito R, Poudel G, Silk TJ, Vaughan DN, Zanin J, Raffelt D, Caeyenberghs K (2021) Fixel-based analysis of diffusion MRI: methods, applications, challenges and oppor tunities. Neuroimage. 241:118417.
17 Jones-Freeman B, Chonwerawong M, Marcelino VR, Deshpande AV, Forster SC, Starkey MR (2021) The microbi ome and host mucosal interactions in urinary tract diseases. Mucosal Immunol. 14:779-792.
27 O’Donnell L, Smith LB, Rebourcet D (2021) Sertoli cells as key drivers of testis function. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 121:2-9.
41 Young MJ, Kanki M, Fuller PJ, Yang J (2021) Identifying new cellular mechanisms of mineralocorticoid receptor activation in the heart. J Hum Hypertens. 35:124-130.
40 Young RB, Marcelino VR, Chonwera wong M, Gulliver EL, Forster SC (2021) Key technologies for progressing discovery of microbiome-based med icines. Front Microbiol. 12:685935
20 Lee WT, Zheng G, Talbot CL, Tong X, D’Adam T, Parnell SR, Veer M, Jenkin G, Polglase GR, Hooper SB, Thompson BR, Thien F, Egan GF (2021) Hyperpo larised gas filling station for medical imaging using polarised (129)Xe and (3)He. Magn Reson Imaging. 79:112120. 21 Lei D, Tan K, Malhotra A (2021) Temperature monitoring devices in neonates. Front Pediatr. 9:732810.
18 Kanki M, Young MJ (2021) Cortico steroids and circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 57:21-27.
13 Eng VV, Pearson JS (2021) In vivo studies on Citrobacter rodentium and host cell death pathways. Curr Opin Microbiol. 64:60-67.
26 Muccini AM, Tran NT, de Guingand DL, Philip M, Della Gatta PA, Galin sky R, Sherman LS, Kelleher MA, Palmer KR, Berry MJ, Walker DW, Snow RJ, Ellery SJ (2021) Creatine metabolism in female reproduction, pregnancy and newborn health. Nutrients. 13:490.
37 Tran AHL, Horne RSC, Rimmer J, Nix on GM (2021) Adenotonsillectomy for paediatric sleep disordered breathing in Australia and New Zealand. Sleep Med 78:101-107.
36 Speir M, Lawlor KE (2021) RIP-roaring inflammation: RIPK1 and RIPK3 driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autoinflammatory disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 109:114-124.
34 Sharma R, Kadife E, Myers M, Kan nourakis G, Prithviraj P, Ahmed N (2021) Determinants of resistance to VEGF-TKI and immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 40:186.
38 Vining B, Ming Z, Bagheri-Fam S, Harley V (2021) Diverse regulation but conserved function: SOX9 in vertebrate sex determination. Genes (Basel). 12:486.
29 Rafeld HL, Kolanus W, van Driel IR, Hartland EL (2021) Interferon-in duced GTPases orchestrate host cell-autonomous defence against bacterial pathogens. Biochem Soc Trans. 49:1287-1297.
19 Le LHM, Ying L, Ferrero RL (2021) Nu clear trafficking of bacterial effector proteins. Cell Microbiol. 23:e13320.
39 Wesley T, Berzins S, Kannourakis G, Ahmed N (2021) The attributes of plakins in cancer and disease: perspectives on ovarian cancer progression, chemoresistance and recurrence. Cell Commun Signal 19:55.
22 Libianto R, Yang J, Fuller PJ (2021) Adrenal disease: An update. Aust J Gen Pract. 50:9-14.
28 Prasad JD, Gunn KC, Davidson JO, Galinsky R, Graham SE, Berry MJ, Bennet L, Gunn AJ, Dean JM (2021) Anti-inflammatory therapies for treatment of inflammation-related preterm brain injury. Int J Mol Sci 22:4008.
31 Salamonsen LA, Hutchison JC, Gar gett CE (2021) Cyclical endometrial repair and regeneration. Develop ment. 148:dev199577. 32 Schwab RHM, Goonetilleke M, Zhu D, Kusuma GD, Wallace EM, Sievert W, Lim R (2021) Amnion epithelial cells — a therapeutic source. Curr Stem Cell Rep. 7:13-29.
35 Shekari F, Nazari A, Assar Kashani S, Hajizadeh-Saffar E, Lim R, Baharvand H (2021) Pre-clinical investigation of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a systematic review. Cytotherapy. 23:277-284.
33 Sehgal A, Allison BJ, Miller SL, Polglase GR, McNamara PJ, Hoop er SB (2021) Impact of acute and chronic hypoxia-ischemia on the transitional circulation. Pediatrics. 147:2020016972.
30 Rock CR, White TA, Piscopo BR, Sutherland AE, Miller SL, Camm EJ, Allison BJ (2021) Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular implications of growth restriction: Mechanisms and potential treatments. Int J Mol Sci 22:7555.
19 Palmer KR, Davies-Tuck M, Rolnik DL, Mol BW, Hodges RL (2021) Tele health use in antenatal care? Not without women’s voices - Authors’ reply. Lancet. 398:1406.
11 Gantier MP (2021) Animal models of COVID-19 hyper-inflammation. Respi rology. 26:222-224.
64 | HUDSON INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
4 Findlay IJ, De Iuliis GN, Duchatel RJ, Jackson ER, Vitanza NA, Cain JE, Waszak SM, Dun MD (2021) Phar maco-proteogenomic profiling of pediatric diffuse midline glioma to inform future treatment strategies. Oncogene. DOI: 10.1038/s41388-02102102-y.
4 Cvejic L, Bardin PG (2021) Breath ing-swallow dysfunction in COPD: How silent aspiration may be contrib uting to exacerbations. Respirology. 26:1110-1111.
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26 Young MJ, Fuller PJ (2021) Finerenone and chronic kidney disease outcomes in Type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 384:e42.
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8 Fuller PJ, Nguyen T, Alexiadis M, Chu S (2021) FOXL2 C134W: much ado about something!†. J Pathol. 256:1-3.
16 Meakin AS, Morrison JL, Bradshaw EL, Holman SL, Saif Z, Gatford KL, Wallace MJ, Bischof RJ, Moss TJM, Clifton VL (2021) Identification of placental androgen receptor iso forms in a sheep model of maternal allergic asthma. Placenta. 104:232235.
17 Mulkey SB, Polglase GR (2021) Cerebral oxygen saturation – a useful bedside vital sign for neo natal encephalopathy. J Perinatol 41:2577-2579.
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20 Pang KC, Nguyen TP, Upreti R (2021)
2 Dudink I, Hüppi PS, Sizonenko SV, Castillo-Melendez M, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Miller SL (2021) Altered trajectory of neurodevelopment as sociated with fetal growth restriction. Exp Neurol. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneu rol.2021.113885.
7 Gurner KH, Evans J, Hutchison JC, Harvey AJ, Gardner DK (2021) A
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19 Quach D, Ten Eikelder M, Jozwiak M, Davies-Tuck M, Bloemenkamp KWM, Mol BW, Li W (2021) Maternal and fetal characteristics predicting Cesarean risk following induction of labor: pooled analysis of PROBAAT trials. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. DOI: 10.1002/uog.24764.
21 Rossi GP, Crimì F, Rossitto G, Amar L, Azizi M, Riester A, Reincke M, Degenhart C, Widimsky J, Naruse M, Deinum J, Kool LS, Kocjan T, Negro A, Rossi E, Kline G, Tanabe A, Satoh F, Rump LC, Vonend O, Willenberg HS, Fuller PJ, Yang J, Chee NYN, Magill SB, Shafigullina Z, Quinkler M, Oliveras A, Wu VC, Kratka Z, Barbiero G, Battistel M, Seccia TM (2022) Fea sibility of imaging-guided adrenalec tomy in young patients with primary aldosteronism. Hypertension. 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18284.DOI:
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23 Sharlov R, Taniar D, Phan T, Beare R, Srikanth V, Ma H, Farrell T, White C, Wallace EM, Davies-Tuck M (2021) Where do low risk women live rel ative to maternity services across Victoria? Expanding access to public homebirth models across Victoria. Women Birth. DOI: 10.1016/j.wom bi.2021.01.004.
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14 Martherus T, Croughan MK, Crossley KJ, Wallace MJ, McGillick EV, Thio M, Roehr CC, Pearson JT, Lee K, Ruben G, Kitchen MJ, Te Pas AB, Hooper SB (2021) Higher CPAP levels improve functional residual capacity at birth in preterm rabbits. Pediatr Res. DOI: 10.1038/s41390021-01647-8.
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26 Zhang J, Libianto R, Lee JC, Grodski S, Shen J, Fuller PJ, Yang J (2021) Preoperative mineralocorticoid re ceptor antagonist reduces postoper ative hyperkalaemia in patients with Conn syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). DOI: 10.1111/cen.14630.
10 Inocencio IM, Tran NT, Nakamura S, Khor SJ, Wiersma M, Stoecker K, Maksimenko A, Polglase GR, Walker DW, Pearson JT, Wong FY (2021) Cerebral haemodynamic response to somatosensory stimulation in preterm lambs and 7-10-day old lambs born at term: Direct synchro tron microangiography assessment. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 10.1177/0271678x211045848.DOI:
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8 Herath M, Langdahl B, Ebeling PR, Milat F (2021) Challenges in the diagnosis and management of glucocorticoid-induced osteopo rosis in younger and older adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). DOI: 10.1111/ cen.14637.
15 Milat F, Ramchand SK, Herath M, Gundara J, Harper S, Farrell S, Girgis CM, Clifton-Bligh R, Schneider HG, De Sousa SMC, Gill AJ, Serpell J, Taubman K, Christie J, Carroll RW, Miller JA, Grossmann M (2021) Primary hyperparathyroidism in adults – (Part I) assessment and medical management: Position statement of the endocrine society of Australia, the Australian & New Zealand endocrine surgeons, and the Australian & New Zealand bone and mineral society. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). DOI: 10.1111/cen.14659.
9 Horn-Oudshoorn EJJ, Vermeulen MJ, Crossley KJ, Cochius-den Otter SCM, Schnater JM, Reiss IKM, DeKoninck PLJ (2021) Oxygen saturation index in neonates with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A retrospective cohort study. Neona tology. DOI: 10.1159/000520883.
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