Mark Horrocks

... http://hol.sagepub.com/content/7/1/13 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/095968369700700102 1997 7: 13 The Holocene John Ogden, Mark Horrocks, Jonathan G. Palmer and Robin A. Fordham during the Holocene ... Robin A. Fordham 4 ...

We present direct microbotanical evidence from New Zealand of the prehistoric cultivation of four introduced Polynesian plants. Pollen, phytoliths, starch grains and xylem of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and taro (Colocasia esculenta) have been identified. The microremains are from a range of locations (spanning 600 km) and were found in a variety

... It forces the scientist to consider the evidence given the alter-native scenarios of the defendant being either guilty or not guilty. ... A value of 1 is neutral or inconclusive (ie the evidence neither supports nor negates the contention that the suspect was at the crime scene, for example ...

Pollen and starch residue analyses were conducted on 24 sediment samples from archaeological sites on Maloelap and Ebon Atolls in the Marshall Islands, eastern Micronesia, and Henderson and Pitcairn Islands in the Pitcairn Group, Southeast Polynesia. The sampled islands, two of which are ''mystery islands'' (Henderson and Pitcairn), previously occupied and abandoned before European contact, comprise three types of Pacific

A pollen, sediment, and tephra record from a drained swamp at Harataonga contains a history of the local coastal environment from the Mid Holocene. This commences c. 6000 cal yr BP in a freshwater environment with swamp forest composed mainly of Laurelia, Leptospermum, Ascarina, and Cyathea spp. Dodonaea and Cyperaceae grew on margins of this forest. Forest on the hills

ABSTRACT An open access copy of this article is available from the publishers website. Fine resolution pollen analysis shows that the late-glacial (c. 13 000-10 700 B.P.) vegetation of the Ohakune-Horopito area was dominated by Prumnopitys taxifolia, indicating a cooler and probably drier climate than the present. Around 10 700 B.P., Dacrydium cupressinum replaced Prumnopitys taxifolia as the forest dominant, and tree ferns and hardwood trees expanded, suggesting a change to warmer or wetter conditions. Around 5800-6300 B.P., Dacrydium cupressinum and tree ferns declined, Prumnopitys taxifolia regained some of its former dominance, and hardwood species continued to expand, suggesting a change to more variable conditions. Immediately following the Taupo Tephra eruption of 1718 B.P., Libocedrus bidwillii expanded at Gibsons' Swamp. The eruption may have facilitated a regional expansion of this species which was apparently already underway as a result of a climate change to stormier and cooler conditions prior to the eruption. Extensive logging for podocarps in Ohakune-Horopito after AD 1850 resulted in an increase in the abundance of Weinmannia racemosa.

... M. Horrocks*, J. Ogden† SL Nichol‡, BV AUoway§, DG Sutton* ... Distal deposits of Kaharoa Tephra on Great Barrier Island are expressed either as an approximately 2 cm thick tephra-fall deposit that is normal bedded with fine pumiceous ash over coarse pumiceous ash, or as ...

ABSTRACT Subtidal to intertidal deposits from the margins of Kaipara Harbour in Northland preserve a c. 23 000 year incomplete sedimentary record of the transition from terrestrial to estuarine conditions. Cores are used to reconstruct the depositional setting for this transition, interpreted as a succession from dune and freshwater wetland to shallow estuarine environments. The fossil pollen record provides a proxy of Last Glacial Maximum and Late Glacial vegetation for the area. Stability of the Pleistocene dune landscape during the postglacial marine transgression is interpreted on the basis of strong dominance of tall forest taxa (Dacrydium) in the pollen record and soil development in dune sands, with preservation aided by location along the estuary margin. During the Holocene, reworking of the buried dune and wetland sediments has only reached to a depth of 1.5 m below the modern tidal flat. As such, the site provides a rare example of good preservation of Pleistocene deposits at the coast, where extensive reworking and loss of record are more typical.

We show results of palynological and phytolith analysis of coprolites from Harataonga Bay, Great Barrier Island. Because human and dog diets may overlap considerably, the microfossil evidence does not with certainty indicate which of these two species deposited them. The coprolites give insights into prehistoric Maori agriculture, gathering of wild plants, diet, and time of year of site occupation. Gourd

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A multi‐proxy analysis of a sediment core from Waiatarua, Auckland Isthmus, adds to an environmental history from the local wetland spanning the Late Glacial to modern times. Several distal tephra were recorded in the core: 8.5 ka Rotoma (reworked), 6.1 ka Tuhua (primary and reworked), most likely the 1.8 ka Taupo (the latter is previously unreported for the Auckland Isthmus),

... The software packages TILIA.2 and TILIAGRAPH.2 were used for pollen data manipulation andconstruction of pollen diagrams (E. Grimm, Illinois State Museum, Springfield ... b Cockle shell ages calibrated to one standard deviation using the 1998 marine dataset (Stuiver et al. ...

... To cite this article: M. Horrocks, J. Ogden, SL Nichol, BV Alloway & DG Sutton (2000): Palynology, sedimentology and environmental significance of ... Island are expressed either as an approximately 2 cm thick tephra air-fall, or as concentrations of pumiceous ash dispersed in ...

... To cite this article: M. Horrocks, J. Ogden, SL Nichol, BV Alloway & DG Sutton (2000): A Late Quaternary palynological and sedimentological ... Barrier Island are expressed either as an approximately 2 cm thick tephra air-fall, or as concentrations of pumiceous ash dispersed in ...

... The Zn levels start to rise above background levels at c. 1923 and can be explained by the urbanisation of the catchment and introduction of anodised Al roofing. The degradation and rusting of Zn-plated roofing iron is an important source of Zn pollution. ...

... INTRODUCTION. Coastal barriers are widely recognised as sedimentary systems with the potential to yield valuable records of Holocene coastal evolution (eg, Bernard and Le Blanc, 1965; Davis, 1994; Leatherman, 1979; Roy, Thom, and Wright, 1980; Thom, 1984). ...

ABSTRACT Aim  To reconstruct the history of a Holocene sand dune using pollen and phytolith analyses, and to identify the strengths, weaknesses and compatibility of these two methods in the interpretation of Quaternary coastal environments.Location  Great Barrier Island, northern New Zealand.Methods  Pollen and phytolith analyses were carried out on a sequence through a Holocene sand dune containing a palaeosol.Results  Phytoliths were present throughout the sequence. Grass phytoliths increased at the expense of tree phytoliths following fire disturbance. Pollen (and spores) was preserved only in the palaeosol part of the profile. Pteridium fern spores increased at the expense of tall tree pollen following the fire disturbance.Main conclusions  Lack of phytolith production by many species and problems of taxonomic specificity in many others restricts the usefulness of phytolith analysis to defining only broad vegetation types. In New Zealand, gymnosperms are invisible in the phytolith record and ferns are extremely under-represented. In contrast, pollen analysis usually provides a great deal of information regarding the composition of a particular vegetation type. The loss of microscopic charcoal fragments during the phytolith extraction process is a disadvantage in the reconstruction of environments where fires have occurred. The greater durability of phytoliths compared with pollen means that phytoliths may be found in sediments where pollen has not been preserved. The phytolith record may also provide evidence of wetter environments that are not apparent in the pollen record. Unlike grass pollen, which is widely dispersed and therefore blurs the spatial record, the presence of grass phytoliths in sediments indicates a local source. The simultaneous application of both methods potentially provides a powerful tool in ecological interpretation and the reconstruction of Quaternary coastal environments.

ABSTRACT An altitudinal series of eleven fine resolution pollen diagrams were used to examine the role of volcanism in forest dynamics on Mt Hauhungatahi. Partial pollen diagrams from four of these sites, chosen to illustrate the major effects of the 1718 bp Taupo eruption, are presented. Following the eruption Libocedrus bidwillii expanded in all sites. Open sites created by the eruption may have facilitated an expansion already underway as a result of more variable climatic conditions since c. 3000 bp. Weinmannia racemosa invaded upper montane forest c. 650 bp. The current altitudinal sequence of forest types, with Libocedrus dominating the subalpine and Weinmannia the upper montane forests, has thus been synthesized only within the last 1800 years. This is interpreted as a consequence of individualistic species' responses to major disturbance by the eruption. The results support nonequilibrium theories of community composition.

This study examines preservation of microfossils identified as introduced Ipomoea batatas in soils from northern New Zealand. Starch grains and xylem cells showed highly variable preservation, from good to extremely poor. For starch grains, the latter included brown-...

Pollen, biogenic silica and starch residue analyses of soils from archaeological stonework complexes in South Auckland, northern New Zealand, reveal evidence of palaeo-environments and vegetation, including agricultural crops. A broad sampling strategy involving minimal disturbance to features was used (35 composite soil samples from six sites) to determine the extent to which the complexes were used for agriculture, identifying specific

ABSTRACT In this study we identify wetland microfossils in agricultural soils in Polynesian stone mounds at Pouerua, northern New Zealand. These include diatoms, sponge spicules, pollen, and fern and algal spores. As the presence of these microfossils is most likely anthropogenic and, as the soils are porous and free-draining, this shows that wetland microfossils can provide evidence for land use (in this case agriculture) in dryland archaeological landscapes. However, whether the microfossils in the mounds at Pouerua are related to pre- or post-European activity is uncertain because at this stage the rate of microfossil percolation in local soils is unknown.