to
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Tongan.
- (dialectal) ter
- (contraction) t'
- (abbreviation) 2
From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō ~ *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *de ~ *do (“to”). Cognate with Scots tae, to (“to”), North Frisian to, tö, tu (“to”), Saterland Frisian tou (“to”), Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian ndaj (“towards”), Irish do (“to, for”), Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Russian до (do, “to”). Doublet of too.
Stressed
Unstressed
to
- A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
I want to leave.
He asked me what to do.
I have places to go and people to see.
To err is human.
Who am I to criticise? I've done worse things myself.
1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC:To err, is human; to forgive, divine.
c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:To be, or not to be: that is the question: / […]
2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport[2]:To that end, the home supporters were in good voice to begin with, but it was Newcastle who started the game in the ascendancy, with Barton putting a diving header over the top from Jose Enrique's cross.
- As above, with the verb implied.
"Did you visit the museum?" "I wanted to, but it was closed."
If he hasn't read it yet, he ought to.
- Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject.
You are to go to the store and buy a bottle of milk.
- (expressing purpose) In order to.
I went to the shops to buy some bread.
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A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “Sense 1 is not the English infinitive morpheme, that would be -∅. The sentence "I could eat." contains a verb in the infinitive but no to. Rather, to is a particle that is used in conjunction with an already (zero-)marked infinitive. The box below, however, seems to contain a random mix of translations of the infinitive marker -∅ (e.g. German -en, Romanian -a, Turkish -mek) and the particle to (e.g. German zu, Romanian a).”
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Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.
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infinitive-marker
- Albanian: të, për të
- Arabic: أَنّ (ʔann)
- Armenian: -ել (-el), -ալ (-al)
- Assamese: -ইব (-ibo), -ইবলৈ (-iboloi)
- Azerbaijani: -mək (az), -maq (az)
- Bengali: -তে (-te)
- Bulgarian: да (bg) (da)
- Catalan: -ar (ca) (1st conjugation); -er (ca), -r, -re (2nd conjugation); -ir (ca) (3rd conjugation)
- Cornish: -a
- Czech: -t (cs), -ti, -i
- Danish: at (da)
- Dutch: te (nl), -en (nl)
- Esperanto: -i (eo)
- Estonian: not used in Estonian; the first infinitive of all verbs ends with -a
- Faroese: at (fo), -a
- Finnish: not used in Finnish; the first infinitive of all verbs ends with -a or -ä
- French: -er (fr) (1st conjugation), -re (fr) (2nd conjugation), -ir (fr) (3rd conjugation)
- Galician: -ar, -er, -ir
- German: zu (de), -en (de)
- Greek: (extension) να (el) (na)
- Ancient Greek: please add this translation if you can
- Hawaiian: e
- Hebrew: ל־ (he) (l-)
- Hindi: -ना (-nā)
- Hungarian: -ni (hu)
- Icelandic: að (is), -a
- Ido: -ar (present), -ir (past), -or (future)
- Igbo: please add this translation if you can
- Indonesian: please add this translation if you can
- Irish: a (ga)
- Italian: -are (1st conjugation), -ere (2nd conjugation), -arre (2nd irregular conjugation), -orre (2nd irregular conjugation), -urre (2nd irregular conjugation), -ire (3rd conjugation)
- Korean: -다 (-da)
- Ladin: please add this translation if you can
- Ladino: please add this translation if you can
- Latin: -āre, -ēre, -ere, -īre
- Latvian: please add this translation if you can
- Limburgish: tö, -e (li)
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Macedonian: да (da)
- Malay: untuk (ms)
- Maltese: please add this translation if you can
- Neapolitan: -à, -e, -è, -ì
- Nepali: -नु (-nu)
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: å (no)
- Norwegian Nynorsk: å (nn)
- Ottoman Turkish: ـمک (-mek), ـمق (-maq)
- Persian: ـدن (fa) (-dan), ـتن (fa) (-tan)
- Polish: (suffix) -ać (pl), -eć (pl), -ić (pl), -ć (pl), -ąć (pl), -c
- Portuguese: -ar (pt) (1st conjugation), -er (pt)/-or (pt) (2nd conjugation), -ir (pt) (3rd conjugation)
- Punjabi: -ਣਾ (-ṇā)
- Romanian: a (ro)
- Russian: (suffix) -ать (-atʹ), -ять (-jatʹ), -еть (-etʹ), -ить (-itʹ), -ти (ru) (-ti), -уть (-utʹ), -чь (-čʹ), -ть (ru) (-tʹ)
- Scots: tae
- Serbo-Croatian: -ti, -ći
- Sicilian: -ari (1st conjugation); -iri (2nd conjugation)
- Slovak: -ť
- Slovene: -ti
- Spanish: -ar (es) (1st conjugation), -er (es) (2nd conjugation), -ir (es) (3rd conjugation)
- Swahili: ku-
- Swedish: att (sv)
- Talysh:
- Asalemi: کی (ki)
- Turkish: -mek (tr), -mak (tr)
- Ukrainian: -ати (-aty), -яти (-jaty), -ти (-ty), -іти (-ity), -ити (-yty)
- Veps: -da
- Volapük: -ön (vo)
- Võro: please add this translation if you can
- Votic: first infinitive
- Zulu: uku-
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Translations to be checked
- German: es tun (may left out)
- Italian: da (it) (+ infinitive verb), per (it) (+ infinitive verb)
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to
- Indicating destination: In the direction of, so as to arrive at.
We are walking to the shop.
2013 September 28, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in New York Times, retrieved 28 September 2013:Driven by a perceived political need to adopt a hard-line stance, Mr. Cameron’s coalition government has imposed myriad new restrictions, the aim of which is to reduce net migration to Britain to below 100,000.
- Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.
I gave the book to him.
I spoke to him earlier.
He devoted himself to education.
They drank to his health.
- Used to indicate result of action.
His face was beaten to a pulp.
- Used to indicate a resulting feeling or emotion.
To everyone's great relief, the tuneless carol singers finally ceased their warbling.
- Used after an adjective to indicate its application.
similar to ..., relevant to ..., pertinent to ..., I was nice to him, he was cruel to her, I am used to walking.
- Denotes the end of a range.
It takes 2 to 4 weeks to process typical applications.
- (obsolete) As a.
- With God to friend (with God as a friend); with The Devil to fiend (with the Devil as a foe); lambs slaughtered to lake (lambs slaughtered as a sacrifice); took her to wife (took her as a wife); was sold to slave (was sold as a slave).
- Used to indicate a ratio or comparison; compared to, as against.
- one to one = 1:1
- ten to one = 10:1.
- I have ten dollars to your four.
c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:The hoſt of Xerxes, which by fame is ſaid
To drinke the mightie Parthian Araris,
Was but a handfull to that we will haue.
2012 April 22, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, in BBC Sport[3]:In total, the Reds had 28 shots to their opponent's nine, and 15 corners to the Baggies' three.
- (arithmetic) Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.
- Three squared or three to the second power is nine.
- Three to the power of two is nine.
- Three to the second is nine.
- (time) Preceding the next hour.
- What's the time? – It's quarter to four in the afternoon (or 3:45 pm).
- Antonym: past
- (informal) Often used without the hour
- It’s quarter to (3:45, or 4:45, or whatever time ending in 45 would make the most sense)
- Used to describe what something consists of or contains.
- Anyone could do this job; there's nothing to it.
- There's a lot of sense to what he says.
- The name has a nice ring to it.
- According to.
- Our holiday did not go to plan.
- (Canada, Cornwall (UK), Newfoundland, Wales, West Midlands (UK)) At.
Stay where you're to and I'll come find you, b'y.
Where are you to?
In the sense of "as a", it is a fossil word (Standard English only), found usually only in obsolete set phrases like: "to take a woman to wife", "to have someone to friend", "to have something to birthright" etc. In northern dialects, where it is rare but still in common use, it is often used in combination with with.
used to indicate the indirect object
- Albanian: please add this translation if you can
- Arabic: لِ (ar) (li)
- South Levantine Arabic: لِ (la-)
- Armenian: uses the dative case
- Catalan: a (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 給/给 (zh) (gěi)
- Czech: (uses dative case)
- Danish: please add this translation if you can
- Dutch: aan (nl)
- Esperanto: al (eo)
- Estonian: please add this translation if you can
- Faroese: please add this translation if you can
- French: à (fr)
- Galician: a (gl)
- German: (uses dative case)
- Greek:
- Ancient Greek: (uses dative case)
- Hungarian: -nak (hu)/-nek (hu)
- Irish: do
- Japanese: ...に (ja) (...-ni)
- Ladin: please add this translation if you can
- Ladino: please add this translation if you can
- Latin: (uses dative case), ad (la)
- Latvian: please add this translation if you can
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Maltese: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian: til (no)
- Norwegian Bokmål: til (no)
- Norwegian Nynorsk: til
- Portuguese: a (pt), para (pt)
- Scots: tae
- Scottish Gaelic: do, gu, ri
- Slovak: please add this translation if you can
- Slovene: please add this translation if you can
- Spanish: a (es)
- Swahili: please add this translation if you can
- Swedish: till (sv), åt (sv)
- Telugu: -కి (-ki), -కు (-ku)
- Venetian: a (vec)
- Veps: please add this translation if you can
- Vietnamese: cho (vi)
- Volapük: please add this translation if you can
- Võro: please add this translation if you can
- Votic: allative case
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Translations to be checked
in the direction of, and arriving at
- Albanian: në
- Arabic: إِلَى (ar) (ʔilā), عَلَى (ar) (ʕalā)
- Egyptian Arabic: لـ (le)
- Armenian: դեպի (hy) (depi)
- Assamese: -অলৈ (-oloi)
- Bakhtiari: وه (ve)
- Bashkir: ...-ға (...-ğa), ...-гә (...-gə), ...-ҡа (...-qa), ...-кә (...-kə)
- Burmese: ကို (my) (kui)
- Catalan: a (ca), cap a (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 到 (zh) (dào)
- Cornish:
- Kernewek Kemmyn: dhe (sometimes yn)
- Czech: k (cs), ke (cs), ku (cs), do (cs)
- Danish: til (da)
- Dutch: naar (nl)
- Esperanto: al (eo)
- Estonian: -sse (illative case, into something)
- Faroese: til
- Finnish: expressed with the case of the headword, often illative or allative case, -lle (fi), -an (fi) (e.g. kauppaan ~ to the shop), -en (fi) (e.g. mäkeen ~ to the hill), -un (fi) (e.g. kouluun ~ to the school), -yn (fi) (e.g. löylyyn ~ to the sauna), -seen (e.g. keskukseen ~ to the center), (genitive +) suuntaan (fi) (direction of), (genitive +) päin (fi) (direction of), (genitive +) luokse (fi) (to vicinity of), (genitive +) luo (fi) (to vicinity of), (genitive +) tykö (fi) (to vicinity of)
- French: à (fr), au (fr) m, en (fr) f
- Galician: a (gl)
- German: zu (de), nach (de) (in this sense only used for and sole preposition option for constructions without articles, i.e. general directions (e.g. up, west), most countries and cities etc. and nachhause/nach Hause (home)), in (de)
- Gothic: 𐌳𐌿 (du)
- Greek: προς (el) (pros), σε (el) (se)
- Ancient: εἰς (eis) (+ accusative case), πρός (prós) (+ accusative case), -δε (-de) (adverbial suffix added to certain nouns), -σε (-se) (adverbial suffix added to certain pronouns and adjectives)
- Hawaiian: i
- Hebrew: אל (he) (el), ל־ (he) (le-) (written together with the following word)
- Hindi: ... को (hi) (... ko)
- Hungarian: -hoz (hu)/-hez (hu)/-höz (hu) (allative, arriving at), felé (hu) (postposition, in the direction of)
- Icelandic: til (is)
- Ido: a (io), ad (io)
- Igbo: please add this translation if you can
- Indonesian: ke (id), sampai (id), hingga (id), kepada (id)
- Interlingua: a (ia)
- Irish: chuig, chun, go dtí, go, ionsar
- Italian: a (it), ad (it) (before a vowel, especially "a"), in (it), per (it)
- Japanese: ...へ (ja) (...-e), ...まで (ja) (...-made)
- Judeo-Italian: אַה (ʾah /a/)
- Khmer: ដល់ (km) (dɑl)
- Korean: ...으로 (ko) (...euro), ...에게 (ko) (...ege)
- Ladin: please add this translation if you can
- Ladino: please add this translation if you can
- Lao: please add this translation if you can
- Latgalian: da
- Latin: ad (la) (+ accusative))
- Latvian: līdz
- Lithuanian: į (lt)
- Low German: to, tau
- Middle Low German: to, tho
- Malay: ke (ms), kepada (ms)
- Maltese: lil, lejn, lill-
- Manchu: ᡩᡝ (de)
- Maori: ki
- Mongolian: -д (-d) (dative case), руу (ruu) (postposition)
- Ndzwani Comorian: -ni (suffix)
- Neapolitan: a
- Ngazidja Comorian: pvo
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: til (no)
- Nynorsk: til
- Occitan: cap a (oc)
- Old Norse: til
- Persian: به (fa) (be), (used with people) پیش (fa) (piš), زی (fa) (zi) (poetic)
- Polish: do (pl)
- Portuguese: a (pt), para (pt) (colloquial)
- Romanian: la (ro), către (ro), spre (ro)
- Russian: на (ru) (na); в (ru) (v), к (ru) (k) (words consisting of a consonant)
- Sanskrit: please add this translation if you can
- Scots: tae
- Scottish Gaelic: gu
- Slovak: do (sk), k (sk), ku
- Slovene: k (sl), h (sl) (if the next word begins with a "k" or "g"), proti (sl), v (sl)
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: do
- Spanish: a (es), hacia (es)
- Swahili: hadi, mpaka (sw), kwenda
- Swedish: till (sv)
- Talysh:
- Asalemi: (mostly for animate, uses oblique) ور (var)
- Tamil: please add this translation if you can
- Telugu: -కి (-ki), -కు (-ku)
- Thai: ยัง (th) (yang)
- Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
- Tok Pisin: long
- Turkish: -e (tr), -a (tr), -ye, -ya
- Tuvan: -же (-je), -че (-çe)
- Ukrainian: на (uk) (na), в (uk) (v), до (uk) (do)
- Urdu: ... کو (... kō)
- Venetian: a (vec)
- Vietnamese: đến (vi)
- Volapük: ad (vo)
- Võro: please add this translation if you can
- Votic: illative case
- West Frisian: nei
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target or recipient of an action
to indicate result of action
used after certain adjectives to indicate a relationship
- Albanian: please add this translation if you can
- Armenian: uses the dative case or նկատմամբ (hy) (nkatmamb)
- Catalan: a (ca)
- Czech: uses the dative case
- Danish: please add this translation if you can
- Dutch: tegen (nl), aan (nl), met (nl)
- Estonian: please add this translation if you can
- Faroese: please add this translation if you can
- Finnish: (following verb in infinitive), -lle (fi) (e.g. julma hänelle ~ cruel to her/him)
- French: à (fr), au (fr) m, envers (fr), de (fr)
- German: zu (de)
- Greek: με (el) (me)
- Ancient Greek: please add this translation if you can
- Hindi: से (hi) (se)
- Hungarian: please add this translation if you can
- Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
- Igbo: please add this translation if you can
- Indonesian: please add this translation if you can
- Irish: varies according to adjective
- Italian: a (it)
- Ladin: please add this translation if you can
- Ladino: please add this translation if you can
- Latin: ad (la)
- Latvian: please add this translation if you can
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Maltese: għal
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian Nynorsk: please add this translation if you can
- Persian: بِه (fa) (be)
- Polish: do (pl)
- Portuguese: com (pt), a (pt)
- Romanian: cu (ro)
- Russian: please add this translation if you can
- Scots: tae
- Scottish Gaelic: ri
- Slovak: please add this translation if you can
- Slovene: please add this translation if you can
- Spanish: a (es)
- Swahili: please add this translation if you can
- Swedish: till (sv), med (sv) (protagonistic relation), mot (sv) (antagonistic relation)
- Veps: please add this translation if you can
- Volapük: please add this translation if you can
- Võro: please add this translation if you can
- Votic: e.g. allative case
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used to indicate ratios
- Albanian: please add this translation if you can
- Armenian: uses the dative case or նկատմամբ (hy) (nkatmamb)
- Bashkir: ...-ға (...-ğa), ...-гә (...-gə), ...-ҡа (...-qa), ...-кә (...-kə)
- Catalan: a (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 比 (zh) (bǐ)
- Czech: ku (cs)
- Danish: til (da)
- Dutch: tegen (nl)
- Estonian: please add this translation if you can
- Faroese: please add this translation if you can
- Finnish: (first number in genitive case) suhde (second number in illative case) (e.g. yhden suhde yhteen ~ one to one)
- French: contre (fr)
- German: zu (de)
- Greek: προς (el) (pros)
- Ancient Greek: please add this translation if you can
- Hungarian: please add this translation if you can
- Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
- Igbo: please add this translation if you can
- Indonesian: banding (id)
- Irish: in aghaidh, i
- Italian: a (it), per (it)
- Japanese: に (ja) (ni), へ (ja) (e)
- Ladin: please add this translation if you can
- Ladino: please add this translation if you can
- Latgalian: pret
- Latin: et (la)
- Latvian: pret
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Maltese: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian Nynorsk: please add this translation if you can
- Polish: do (pl)
- Portuguese: a (pt)
- Romanian: la (ro)
- Russian: к (ru) (k)
- Scots: tae
- Scottish Gaelic: gu
- Slovak: k (sk)
- Slovene: proti (sl)
- Spanish: a (es)
- Swahili: please add this translation if you can
- Swedish: till (sv)
- Telugu: -కి (-ki), -కు (-ku)
- Ukrainian: до (uk) (do)
- Veps: please add this translation if you can
- Volapük: please add this translation if you can
- Võro: please add this translation if you can
- Votic: please add this translation if you can
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used to indicated exponentiation
- Albanian: please add this translation if you can
- Czech: please add this translation if you can
- Danish: i (da) (the exponent is in the ordinal form)
- Dutch: tot (nl)
- Estonian: please add this translation if you can
- Faroese: please add this translation if you can
- Finnish: (ordinal number of the exponent in illative case), potenssiin (+ number)
- French: au (fr) m, à la (fr) f
- Galician: á (gl)
- German: hoch (de)
- Greek: στην (el) (stin)
- Ancient Greek: please add this translation if you can
- Hebrew: ב־ (he) (b-) (written together with the following word)
- Hungarian: (ordinal number of the exponent in superessive case)
- Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
- Igbo: please add this translation if you can
- Indonesian: please add this translation if you can
- Irish: i
- Italian: alla (it), a (it)
- Ladin: please add this translation if you can
- Ladino: please add this translation if you can
- Latin: please add this translation if you can
- Latvian: please add this translation if you can
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Maltese: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian Nynorsk: please add this translation if you can
- Polish: do potęgi (pl)
- Portuguese: a (pt)
- Russian: в (ru) (v)
- Slovak: na (sk)
- Slovene: please add this translation if you can
- Spanish: a (es)
- Swedish: upphöjt till
- Ukrainian: в (uk) (v)
- Veps: please add this translation if you can
- Volapük: please add this translation if you can
- Võro: please add this translation if you can
- Votic: please add this translation if you can
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time: preceding
- Albanian: please add this translation if you can
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 差 (zh)
- Czech: please add this translation if you can
- Danish: please add this translation if you can
- Dutch: voor (nl)
- Estonian: enne (et)
- Faroese: please add this translation if you can
- Finnish: vaille (fi), (partitive of number +) vaille (fi)
- French: moins (fr)
- Georgian: უკლია (uḳlia)
- German: vor (de)
- Greek: παρά (el) (pará)
- Ancient Greek: please add this translation if you can
- Hindi: तक (hi) (tak)
- Hungarian: please add this translation if you can
- Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
- Igbo: please add this translation if you can
- Indonesian: kurang (id)
- Ingrian: vaijaa
- Irish: chun, go dtí
- Italian: a (it) (+ definite article)
- Ladin: please add this translation if you can
- Ladino: please add this translation if you can
- Latin: please add this translation if you can
- Latvian: please add this translation if you can
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Maltese: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian Nynorsk: please add this translation if you can
- Persian: (مانده) به (fa) (mânde be)
- Polish: za (pl)
- Portuguese: para (pt)
- Russian: без (ru) (bez)
- Slovak: please add this translation if you can
- Slovene: please add this translation if you can
- Spanish: menos (es) (Spain), para (es) (South America)
- Swahili: please add this translation if you can
- Swedish: i (sv)
- Venetian: a (vec), avanti (vec)
- Veps: please add this translation if you can
- Vietnamese: kém (vi)
- Volapük: please add this translation if you can
- Võro: please add this translation if you can
- Votic: please add this translation if you can
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to (not comparable)
- (regionalism) Toward a closed, touching or engaging position.
- Synonyms: closed, shut
- Antonyms: open, ajar
Please push the door to.
- (nautical) Into the wind.
- Misspelling of too.
The sense "toward a closed, touching or engaging position" is a regionalism found in various parts of the UK and US.
Translations
- Albanian: please add this translation if you can
- Czech: please add this translation if you can
- Danish: please add this translation if you can
- Dutch: toe (nl), dicht (nl)
- Estonian: please add this translation if you can
- Faroese: please add this translation if you can
- Finnish: kiinni (fi) (closed, touching), päälle (fi) (engaging)
- French: please add this translation if you can
- German: zu (de)
- Greek: σε (el) (se) + articles, προς (el) (pros)
- Ancient Greek: please add this translation if you can
- Hungarian: please add this translation if you can
- Icelandic: please add this translation if you can
- Igbo: please add this translation if you can
- Indonesian: please add this translation if you can
- Irish: please add this translation if you can
- Italian: not used in Italian
- Ladin: please add this translation if you can
- Ladino: please add this translation if you can
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- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: please add this translation if you can
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- Polish: zamknięte
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- Votic: tšiin
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From Hindi तो (to)
to
- (mild intensifier, colloquial, chiefly North India) a filler word common amongst urban Indians.
I am to so bored right now.
- Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
to
- sago (tree)
From Latin tuus.
to (epicene, plural tos)
- your
to
- water
- Sharon Hargus, Wisuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology (2007), page 43
to
- water
- Naoyoshi Ogawa, English-Favorlang vocabulary (2003)
- S. Tsuchida, A Comparative Vocabulary of Austronesian Languages of Sinicized Ethnic Groups in Taiwan, Part I: Western Taiwan, Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, No. 7 (1982)
From Proto-Bahnaric *tɔʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *tɔʔ. Cognates include Vietnamese đó, Khmer ដ៏ (dɑɑ).
to
- that, there
to
- stiff porridge
Borrowed from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos).[1] First attested in 1575.
to m (plural tons)
- (music) tone (specific pitch)
- (linguistics) tone (pitch of a word)
- tone or shade of a color
Inherited from Old Czech to.
to n
- nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that
- “to”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “to”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “to”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
From Latin tuus. Compare Italian tuo, Romanian tău, Friulian to, French ton, Spanish tu.
to m (feminine toa)
- your; second-person masculine singular possessive pronoun
From Old Norse tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”).
The modern Danish form is a merger of the original East Old Norse accusative masculine twā and the nominative/accusative feminine twāʀ (West tvær). The neuter tū (West tvau) is preserved in the adverb itu.
to
- two
From Old Norse þvá (“wash”), from Proto-Germanic *þwahaną.
to (imperative to, infinitive at to, present tense tor, past tense toede, perfect tense har toet)
- (dated) wash
to (accusative singular to-on, plural to-oj, accusative plural to-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter T/t.
- (Latin-script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo
to
- antelope
- (anatomy) ear
- father-in-law
- mortar
- mountain
to
- to crush
- to pound
Abbreviation of torstai ("Thursday").
- IPA(key): /ˈto/, [ˈt̪o̞]
- Rhymes: -o
- Syllabification(key): to
to
- Thu (abbreviation of Thursday)
From Latin tuus.
to (second-person singular possessive of masculine singular, of feminine singular tô, of masculine plural tiei, of feminine plural tôs)
- (used attributively) your, thy; of yours, of thine
- che al sedi santifiât il to nom, che al vegni il to ream, — "Your kingdom come, your will be done," (third and fourth sentences of Lord's Prayer)
- (used predicatively) yours, thine
- (used substantively) yours, thine; the thing belonging to you/ thee
to
- in, at, to
to
- interjection used to call dogs or cattle
1820, B. A. Fandiño, El Heráclito Español y Demócrito Gallego:Meu señor santo Tomé,
tendes dous nomes nun só,
sodes castrón polo mé,
é sodes cán polo tó.- My good sir Santo Tomé:
You have two names in just one,
You are a ram with the "mé"
And a dog with the "tó"
- “to” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “to” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “to” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
to
- feminine definite article
- Mutu to ― The woman
to
- language
- Mary E. Kropp Dakubu, The Languages of Ghana
Cognates include Fon tò, Saxwe Gbe otò, Adja eto
tò (plural tò lɛ́ or tò lẹ́)
- city, village, town, country
- Ùn ná yì ná tò cé / N ná yì ná tò ṣié ― I will go to my country
Cognates include Fon tò
tò
- A present progressive or habitual tense marker, only used before nouns.
- Synonyms: nɔ̀, nọ̀
- Nyɛ́ tò hàn jì / Yẹ́n tò hàn jì ― I am singing
tò
- in, at
Cognates include Fon tò, Adja tò. Compare Yoruba tò, Ifè tò
tò
- to arrange, manage, organise
Òtó ɖòkpó / Òtó dòpó
From Proto-Gbe *-tó. Cognates include Fon tó, Saxwe Gbe otó, Adja eto, Ewe eto
tó (plural tó lɛ́ or tó lẹ́)
- ear
to
- a body of water, such as a lake or ocean
- The Phonology of the Hupa Language, part 1: The Individual Sounds, volume 5, by Roland Burrage Dixon, Samuel Alfred Barrett, Washington Matthews, Bill Ray (using the older orthography "tō")
- Victor Golla, Hupa Language Dictionary Second Edition (1996), page 105 (to)
to
- Alternative form of ito (“that”)
to
- eye
- Čestmír Loukotka, Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 162
to
- The hiragana syllable と (to) or the katakana syllable ト (to) in Hepburn romanization.
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.
- IPA(key): /ˈtɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: to
to
- relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “to”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[4]
to
- or
to
- or
Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai
[edit]
to
- water
- Franz Boas, Pline Early Goddard, Vocabulary of an Athapascan dialect of the State of Washington, IJAL volume III, pages 39-45 (1924-1925)
to
- to make something go up
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[5], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
to
- that; accusative singular masculine of tas
- with that; instrumental singular masculine of tas
- of that; genitive plural masculine of tas
- that; accusative singular feminine of tas
- with that; instrumental singular feminine of tas
- of that; genitive plural feminine of tas
to
- that; genitive singular masculine of tas
Inherited from French tu (“you, thou”).
to (second person informal singular, plural vouzòt, ouzòt, zòt, zo, objective twa, possessive determiner tô, possessive pronoun tokin, tochin)
- you (singular), thou
- To té paʼlé gra. / To te pale gra.
- You spoke with an accent. (literally: "You had spoken thick.")
to n
- this
to
- nominative neuter singular of ten
- accusative neuter singular of ten
Inherited from Old Polish to.
- IPA(key): /ˈtɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: to
to
- used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic, may be followed by bicz. [with nominative]
- in that case, then (used in if-constructions)
to n
- this (nearby, neuter)
From French tu.
to (objective twa, formal ou)
- you (second-person singular nominative personal pronoun)
Mauritian Creole personal pronouns
From Old English tā, tāhe, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”).
to (plural tos or ton)
- (anatomy) toe
From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.
to
- to (infinitive marker)
to
- to
to
- to
to
- too
- two; ta (northern West Midlands)
to
- until
- while
- so that
Shortening of tone.
to
- the one (of two)
to
- Alternative form of tó:
From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.
to
- two
- “to” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
From Old Norse tvá, accusative case of tveir, from Proto-Germanic *twai, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁.
to
- two
From Old Norse tó n.
to n (definite singular toet, indefinite plural to, definite plural toa)
- fabric
- (figurative, by extension) ability, nature
From Old Norse tó f.
to f (definite singular toa, indefinite plural tør, definite plural tørne)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
- “to” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.
to
- nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that
From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.
tō
- to, into
- towards
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...ðā beseah hē tō Petre sumere ælmessan wilniġende...- Then looked he towards Peter, desiring an alms,...
- at
- (grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb
- tō drīfenne ― to drive
- as (In the role of)
- ic wyrce tō īsensmiðe ― I work as an ironsmith
- þā nam ic hīe tō wīfe ― then I took her as a wife
- tō bōte ― to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)
tō
- besides
- in addition, also, too; moreover
- to an excessive degree; too
to
- Alternative form of zuo
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to. First attested in the 14th century.
to
- intensifying particle
to
- relative and interrogative pronoun; this, that
- possessive pronoun
- indeterminate pronoun; this, that
- introduction pronoun; this
to
- then (in that case, used in if constructions)
- clarifies a statement; namely
- resultative conjunction; so
- secondary clause equivalent in superordinate clauses
- Masurian: to
- Polish: to
- Silesian: to
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “to”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Proto-Germanic *tō, whence also Old English ti and Old High German zuo
tō
- to
to
- to
Inherited from Old Polish to. Cognate with Czech to, Russian то (to), Ancient Greek τό (tó), German das, dass, English that.
- IPA(key): /tɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: to
to
- used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic; may optionally be followed by jest [with nominative]
- Janek to mój brat. ― Janek is my brother.
- Górnicy to jest takie specyficzne społeczeństwo. ― Miners are such a peculiar society.
- used to juxtapose elements that are equivalent
- Chcieć to móc. ― Where there's a will there's a way. (literally, “To want is to be able to.”)
- Ciekawość to pierwszy stopień do piekła. ― Curiosity killed the cat. (literally, “Curiosity is the first step to hell.”)
- used to indicate that the subject of the conversation has peculiarities which are familiar to the interlocutors, so that nothing else needs to be said about it in order to understand the topic
- Nasze straty są minimalne, ale bez śmierci się nie obejdzie. Wojna to wojna. ― Our losses are minimal but some casualties are inevitable. War is war.
- No, ale rozkaz to rozkaz. Nie mnie podważać. ― Well, but an order is an order. Not for me to question.
- in that case, then (used in if-constructions)
- Coordinate term: jeśli
- „Wiem, co chcę zrobić.” „To to zrób”. ― “I know what I want to do.” “Then do it.”
- Jeśli to zrobisz, to daj mi znać. ― If you do this, then let me know.
- „Jeżeli zbuduję sobie kiedyś własny dom, to właśnie taki” – myślałam. ― “If I ever build my own house one day, this is the one,” I thought.
to
- used to indicate what one is talking about
- Parę razy mi się udało. Z jedną to nawet bardzo. ― I have succeeded a couple of times. With one it was even very successful.
- used to indicate what can be said about the topic, in contrast to all that cannot be said about it
- W tych ścianach to ona była królową i musiała mieć królewskie wejście. ― Within these walls, it was her who was the queen and had to have a royal entrance.
- so (used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question, or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic)
- Synonym: a
- No to kiedy zaczynamy? ― So when are we starting?
- OK, to do zobaczenia. ― OK, see you then.
- used to indicate that the topic in the relevant question refers to a known set of elements from which a choice has to be made
- Synonym: też
- Od kiedy to morderstwo jest takim ewenementem? ― Since when is murder such a rarity?
- Komu to przypadło dzisiaj kucharzowanie? ― Who is cooking today?
- used to express surprise that something is indeed like that as the speaker did not think it could really be so
- Synonyms: ale, co za, jaki
- A to zdolniacha z wuja! ― Uncle really is gifted!
- No, tośmy wczoraj mieli niezły bal! ― Well, we had quite a party yesterday!
- (literary) used to indicate that the topic refers to a known object, mentioned in the preceding statement
- O Czechosłowacji po roku 1968 dochodziły do nas ponure wiadomości, dlatego to starałem się przejechać ten kraj jak najszybciej mimo zmęczenia. ― There was grim news about Czechoslovakia after 1968, which is why I tried to cross the country as quickly as possible despite my fatigue.
- (colloquial) used to indicate that what someone has said about the topic is a fait accompli and should no longer be discussed
- Spróbuj zaakceptować jego wady. Nikt nie jest kryształowy. Pali to pali, widziały gały co brały. ― Try to accept his flaws. No one is perfect. OK, he smokes, so what? Big deal, you should've thought about it earlier.
to n
- this (nearby, neuter)
- Antonym: tamto
- Inna rzecz, że nikt nie zwracał na niego szczególnej uwagi; to go dziwiło. ― The other thing was that no one paid any particular attention to him; this surprised him.
- used to point to the object to which the sentence refers
- Synonym: oto
- Ewa, to Andrzej. ― Ewa, this is Andrzej.
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), to is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 655 times in scientific texts, 307 times in news, 880 times in essays, 1038 times in fiction, and 2233 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 5113 times, making it the 11th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “to”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 605, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 2
- to in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- to in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “TO I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 09.07.2008
- “TO II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 09.07.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “to”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 72
to (feminine ta)
- Contraction of te o.
to
- water
- K. A. McElhanon, Selepet grammar (1972)
- William A. Foley, The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN, page 257
tȏ (Cyrillic spelling то̑)
- neuter nominative singular of taj
- neuter accusative singular of taj
Inherited from Old Polish to.
- IPA(key): /ˈtɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: to
to n
- this (nearby, neuter)
- used to point to the object to which the sentence refers
to
- intensifier particle in questions
to
- in that case, then (used in if-constructions)
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *to.
to
- nominative/accusative neuter singular of ten: it, this, that
tọ̑
- inflection of ta:
- accusative singular feminine
- nominative/accusative singular neuter
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂ōn, from the root *dʰewh₂-.
to m
- (detatchable) body hair on the human body (especially pubic hair)
From Proto-Bantu *-tòó.
-to (declinable)
- young
- Synonym: -hyaka (“new”)
- Antonym: -kuru (“old, senior”)
- Entry 7185 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
- Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[6], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 373
to
- (Euchre Creek) water
- Victor Golla, Tututni (Oregon Athapaskan), International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 42:3 (July 1976), pages 217-227
Borrowed from Arabic طَاء (ṭāʔ).
to (plural tolar)
- the Arabic letter ط
* Note: The type of possessive is not specified.
Compare Thai โต (dtoo), Lao ໂຕ (tō), Lü ᦷᦎ (ṫo).
to • (蘇, 𡚢, 𫰅, 𡚡)
- big, large
- Antonyms: nhỏ, bé
- great, considerable
- loud
- In many situations, this word and lớn are interchangeable:
- nhà to mà chẳng ai ở ― a big house where no one lives in
- căn nhà lớn trên đỉnh đồi ― a big house on top of the hill
- However, for body parts, it seems like only to is used:
- tai to ― big ears
Borrowed from Russian то (to).
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈto/, [ˈto]
- Rhymes: -o
- Hyphenation: to
to
- (if ...) then
- or else
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “to”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
From Proto-Brythonic *toɣ (“covering”).
to m (plural toeau or toeon)
- roof
to
- Alternative form of ta
1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:Coome to thee met.- Come to thy meat.
1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;- She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;
1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:A near a haapney to paay a peepeare.- Had ne'er a halfpenny to pay the piper.
1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:Wee aar lhaung vlealès an pikkès, to waaite apan a breede.- With their long flails and picks, to wait upon the bride.
1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:Hea marreet dear Phielim to his sweet Jauane.- He married dear Phelim to his sweet Joan.
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 31
tò
- (transitive) to arrange, to line up
- (transitive) to order, to put things in order
- (intransitive) to become ordered, to become arranged
- to before a direct object
tò
- (Ekiti, Ondo) to talk incessantly; to gossip
- Synonym: rò
- Ẹjọ́ kúwe é tò ― What are you gossiping about? (literally, “What matter are you talking incessantly about”)
- to before a direct object
tó
- (intransitive) to be enough, to be worthy, to be sufficient, to amount to
- (intransitive) to be comparable to
- gíga a rẹ̀ẹ́ tó erin ― His tallness is comparable to an elephant
- It is a common verb in Yoruba names affirming the worthiness of entities like the orisha. (Ex. Ògúntósìn (“A Yoruba name meaning, "Ogun is worthy of being worshipped."”)).
tó
- to reach up to
- ọwọ́ mi kò tó o ― My hand does not reach it
- to be visible, to be comprehensible
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Related to Persian تو (to).
to
- (informal) you (sg., acc.)