tu
- Pronunciation spelling of to, representing African-American Vernacular English.
tú f
- thing
Declension of tú
|
absolutive
|
tú
|
predicative
|
tú
|
subjective
|
tú
|
genitive
|
tú
|
|
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “tu”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
tu (Kana spelling トゥ)
- two
Unknown.
tu
- may
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
tu
- you (singular)
Compare tru.
tu
- in
- into
From Latin tū.
tu
- you (singular)
From English two.
tu (Bengali script তু)
- two
tu
- forest; thicket
tu
- to spit (out)
Borrowed from Indonesian tua.
tu
- old
tu
- give
Patu pai ani!- Give him a yam!.
From English two.
tu
- two
From English too.
tu
- too
tu
- to go
From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Welsh tu, Cornish tu.
tu m
- side
From Old Catalan tu, from Latin tū.
tu
- you (singular); thou
- one (singular, impersonal)
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
|
strong/subject
|
weak (direct object)
|
weak (indirect object)
|
possessive
|
singular
|
|
proclitic
|
enclitic
|
proclitic
|
enclitic
|
|
1st person
|
jo, mi3
|
em, m’
|
-me, ’m
|
em, m’
|
-me, ’m
|
meu
|
1st person majestic1
|
nós
|
ens
|
-nos, ’ns
|
ens
|
-nos, ’ns
|
nostre
|
2nd person
|
tu
|
et, t’
|
-te, ’t
|
et, t’
|
-te, ’t
|
teu
|
2nd person formal1
|
vós
|
us
|
-vos, -us
|
us
|
-vos, -us
|
vostre
|
2nd person very formal2
|
vostè
|
el, l’
|
-lo, ’l
|
li
|
-li
|
seu
|
3rd person masculine
|
ell
|
el, l’
|
-lo, ’l
|
li
|
-li
|
seu
|
3rd person feminine
|
ella
|
la, l’4
|
-la
|
li
|
-li
|
seu
|
3rd person neuter
|
|
ho
|
-ho
|
li
|
-li
|
seu
|
3rd person reflexive
|
si
|
es, s’
|
-se, ’s
|
es, s’
|
-se, ’s
|
seu
|
plural
|
|
1st person
|
nosaltres
|
ens
|
-nos, ’ns
|
ens
|
-nos, ’ns
|
nostre
|
2nd person
|
vosaltres
|
us
|
-vos, -us
|
us
|
-vos, -us
|
vostre
|
2nd person formal2
|
vostès
|
els
|
-los, ’ls
|
els
|
-los, ’ls
|
seu
|
3rd person masculine
|
ells
|
els
|
-los, ’ls
|
els
|
-los, ’ls
|
seu
|
3rd person feminine
|
elles
|
les
|
-les
|
els
|
-los, ’ls
|
seu
|
3rd person reflexive
|
si
|
es, s’
|
-se, ’s
|
es, s’
|
-se, ’s
|
seu
|
adverbial
|
|
ablative/genitive
|
|
en, n’
|
-ne, ’n
|
|
|
|
locative
|
|
hi
|
-hi
|
|
|
|
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.
|
3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.
|
- “tu” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
tu
- water
- Eung-Do Cook (2013) A Tsilhqút'ín Grammar
From Proto-Athabaskan [Term?]; cognate with Hän chuu, Ahtna tuu, Deg Xinag te, Navajo tó, Gwich'in chųų, etc.
tu
- water
- Eung-Do Cook (2004) A grammar of Dëne Sųłiné (Chipewyan), page 350
Coatecas Altas Zapotec
[edit]
tu
- one
tu
- Hard mutation of du.
- Mixed mutation of du.
Inherited from Old Czech tu, from Proto-Slavic *tu.
tu
- (informal or dialectal) here
- Synonyms: zde, tady
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
tu
- feminine accusative singular of ten
- “tu”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “tu”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “tu”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tawŋ.
tu
- thousand
- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[2], Santa Barbara: University of California
tu (plural tuwo)
- gun
tu
- to build
- to close
- to crush
- to grind
- to meet
- to untie
tu f sg
- (Lagarteiru) Apocopic form of túa (“your”)
- Used in Lagarteiru before a feminine singular noun as part of a noun phrase.
Fala possessive determiners and pronouns
- Determiner forms used in Lagarteiru before a noun.
- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[3], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Borrowed from English two.
tu
- two
tu
- to stand
- to be (only in situations regarding posture or position)
From Old French tu, from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Cognates with the exact same usage are the Italian tu, as well as du in German or ты in Russian.
tu (second person informal singular, plural vous, object te, emphatic toi, possessive determiner ton)
- you (singular); thou
- When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered somewhat impolite to say the pronoun moi first, etiquette says it must be the last one, and toi must be said after a third person:
- Rose, toi et moi irons là-bas., “Rose, you and I will go there.”
- "Tu" is used to address one person in an informal situation. Older people tend to exclusively use it with familiar people, and do not use it with unfamiliar adults unless invited to; but younger people use this pronoun much more, using it together in any informal situation, even if they don't know each other. Using "vous" in this context will be seen as old-fashioned and distant.
- "Tu" is not typically used in formal settings such as business meetings and never in court, regardless of the relationship between the speaker and the listener.
- Using "vous" when "tu" would be more appropriate will come across as rigid and awkward; however, using "tu" when "vous" would be more appropriate could come over as deliberate disrespect. For this reason, as a rule of thumb, it is advised to use "vous" if in doubt, as it is "all-encompassing".
- Children are always addressed using "tu" – vous would come over as comical. In elementary, middle, and high schools, teachers address students using "tu", but students address teachers using vous*. In higher education usage of vous becomes more common in both directions.
- In formal written communication to any adult, use vous. Not doing so may come over as unprofessional at best, deliberately disrespectful at worst.
*However, depending on the region or type of school, other norms may be more used in place. For example, in Quebec (not the rest of Canada), it is more common for students to use "tu" with their teachers.[1]
As a final note: These come as natural to a person who grew up in a French-speaking country, but not necessarily for outsiders. If you are obviously a foreigner, people will normally be forgiving of such mistakes.
- Nominative: tu
- Emphatic: toi
- Oblique: te
- t’ (proclitic form, colloquial)
- vous (plural form and polite singular form)
French personal pronouns
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
tu (feminine tue, masculine plural tus, feminine plural tues)
- past participle of taire
From t-il.
tu
- (Quebec, informal) question marker
- C’est-tu possible ? ― Is it possible?
From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
tu
- you
Friulian personal pronouns
From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
tū (plural suīs)
- you (singular); thou
- Nominative: tū
- Accusative: ti/te
- Dative: toi
- Václav Blažek (2008) “Gaulish Language”, in Sborník prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity / Studia minora facultatis philosophicae universitatis brunensis[4], page 59
tu
- singular imperative of tun
tu
- this (what is being indicated)
tu
- this
Borrowed from English thou, French tu, German du, Italian tu, Spanish tú, Russian ты (ty), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ with + -u.
tu (second person singular)
- (informal, familiar) you (singular), thou
- Synonym: (formal) vu
From Latin and common Romance tu.
tu (second person singular)
- you (singular); thou
subject
|
tu
|
object
|
te
|
reflexive
|
te
|
possessive
|
tu, tue
|
tu
- (possessive) your
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
- IPA(key): /ˈtu/*
- (most parts of Latium) IPA(key): /ˈtu/°
- Rhymes: -u
- Hyphenation: tù
tu (second person singular)
- you (singular); thou
- Italian being a pro-drop language, subject pronouns are mostly omitted, both in the written and spoken language, as the inflected verb is conjugated by person. An example would be: Mangi una mela, which is much more common than Tu mangi una mela, where the subject can be inferred from the inflected form mangi ; similarly È carina instead of Lei è carina. The explicit usage of personal pronouns may sound redundant to a native speaker, except when it is used in order to emphasize the subject. (Tu mangi una mela could be interpreted as You are eating an apple and I am not)..
- The second-person pronoun in particular can sound confidential and, in some cases, even impolite.
Italian personal pronouns
Number
|
Person
|
Gender
|
Nominative
|
Reflexive
|
Accusative
|
Dative
|
Combined
|
Disjunctive
|
Locative
|
Partitive
|
Singular |
first |
—
|
io |
mi, m', -mi
|
me
|
me
|
—
|
second |
—
|
tu |
ti, t', -ti
|
te
|
te
|
third |
m
|
lui |
si2, s', -si |
lo, l', -lo |
gli, -gli
|
glie, se2
|
lui, sé
|
ci, c', vi, v' (formal)
|
ne, n'
|
f
|
lei, Lei1 |
la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 |
le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1
|
lei, Lei1, sé
|
Plural |
first |
—
|
noi |
ci, c', -ci
|
ce
|
noi
|
—
|
second |
—
|
voi, Voi4 |
vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4
|
ve
|
voi, Voi4
|
third |
m
|
loro, Loro1 |
si, s', -si |
li, Li1, -li, -Li1 |
gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1
|
glie, se
|
loro, Loro1, sé
|
ci, c', vi, v' (formal)
|
ne, n'
|
f
|
le, Le1, -le, -Le1
|
1 |
Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
|
2 |
Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
|
3 |
Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
|
4 |
Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).
|
Derived from English to.
IPA(key): /tu/
tu
- to
2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, 3 Jan 1:1:Da leta ya a kom fram mi, di elda — tu mi speshal fren, Gaiyos. Mi fren, mi riili riili lov yu.- This letter comes from the elder to Gaius, my dear friend, whom I love in the truth.
tu
- The katakana syllable トゥ (tu) in Hepburn-like romanization.
tu
- you (2nd-person personal pronoun)
Kalasha personal pronouns
Kalo Finnish Romani
[edit]
tu
- you (singular)
- “tu” in Finnish Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.
- IPA(key): /ˈtu/
- Rhymes: -u
- Syllabification: tu
tu (not comparable)
- here (at this place)
- Synonym: tuwò
- Coordinate term: tam
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “tu”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 216
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “tu”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[5]
- “tu”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
From Proto-Kuki-Chin [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tu. Cognates include Burmese တူ (tu) and Chinese 錘/锤 (chuí).
tu
- hammer
- K. E. Herr (2011) The phonological interpretation of minor syllables, applied to Lemi Chin[6], Payap University, page 48
tu (Latin spelling)
- (informal) you (singular)
tu (Latin spelling)
- your
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognates include Latvian tu and Lithuanian tu.
- IPA(key): [ˈtu]
- Hyphenation: tu
tu
- thou, you (singular)
- (in reported speech) he, she (that is addressed)
Latgalian personal pronouns
- A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN, page 10
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35
From Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū.
tū (second person singular, possessive adjective tuus)
- you (singular); thou
Mē tuī pudet.- I am ashamed of you.
When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).
- Plautus sometimes has sg. gen. tis.
- Tēd is an early form of tē.
descendants
- Aromanian: tu
- Corsican: tù
- Dalmatian: te
- Franco-Provençal: te
- Friulian: tu
- Istro-Romanian: tú
- Italian: tu
- Ladin: tu
- Megleno-Romanian: tu
- Mozarabic: ت (tu)
- Navarro-Aragonese: tu
- Neapolitan: tu
- Old French: tu
- Gallo: tu
- Middle French:
- Norman: tu, tu (Guernésiais)
- Picard: tu
- Walloon: tu
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: tu
- Leonese: tu
- Mirandese: tu
- Old Occitan: tu
- Occitan: tu
- Old Catalan: tu
- Old Galician-Portuguese: tu
- Old Spanish: tu
- Extremaduran: tú
- Ladino: tu
- Spanish: tú
- Romanian: tu
- Romansch: tu, tü
- Sardinian: tue
- Sicilian: tu
- Venetian: ti
Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns
Number
|
Person
|
Gender
|
Nominative
|
Genitive
|
Dative
|
Accusative
|
Ablative
|
Possessive
|
Singular |
First |
—
|
ego
|
meī
|
mihi
|
mē
|
meus, -a, -um
|
Second |
—
|
tū
|
tuī
|
tibi
|
tē
|
tuus, -a, -um
|
Reflexive third
|
—
|
—
|
suī
|
sibi
|
sē, sēsē
|
suus, -a, -um
|
Third
|
Masculine
|
is
|
ēius
|
eī
|
eum
|
eō
|
ēius
|
Feminine
|
ea
|
eam
|
eā
|
Neuter
|
id
|
id
|
eō
|
Plural |
First |
—
|
nōs
|
nostrī, nostrum
|
nōbīs
|
nōs
|
nōbīs
|
noster, -tra, -trum
|
Second |
—
|
vōs
|
vestrī, vestrum
|
vōbīs
|
vōs
|
vōbīs
|
vester, -tra, -trum
|
Reflexive third
|
—
|
—
|
suī
|
sibi
|
sē, sēsē
|
suus, -a, -um
|
Third
|
Masculine
|
eī, iī
|
eōrum
|
eīs
|
eōs
|
eīs
|
eōrum
|
Feminine
|
eae
|
eārum
|
eās
|
eārum
|
Neuter
|
ea
|
eōrum
|
ea
|
eōrum
|
- "tu", in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- "tu", in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū, Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. The Latvian tevis comes from *tevens, with an -en-increased form showing an additional s by analogy with other genitive plurals. The dative form was originally closer to Old Prussian tebbei; the current form tev has a v due to influence from other declension forms, and the ending was reduced. The accusative tevi comes from *teven, with n by analogy to the accusative form of other words. The locative tevī was formed by analogy with i-stem nouns.[1]
tu (personal, 2nd person singular)
- (informal in the singular) you; (dated) thou; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee
- vai tu nāksi man līdzi? ― are you coming with me?
- pieder tautai, tad tauta piederēs tev! ― belong to the people, and then the people will belong to you!
- būt uz tu ar kādu ― to be on intimate terms (lit. to be on thou) with someone
- (in the expression “ak tu...”) used to strengthen the meaning of a word or expression
- "ak tu to skaļo gaiļa rīkli!" māte priecājas ― "oh you loud rooster throat!" mother said happily
- ak tu mūžs! cūka izlauzusies no aizgalda! ― ah (you) life! the pig escaped from the pen!
The dative form tevim is used only optionally, with prepositions.
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuˀ (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *tuH. The oblique stem tav- has been generalized from the Proto-Indo-European genitive *téwe. For a discussion of the case endings, see àš (“I”).
tù
- you (singular)
Lithuanian personal pronouns
tu
- accusative feminine singular of ten
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
tu
- water
- James Kari (1991) Lower Tanana Athabaskan Listening and Writing Exercises
Shortened form of itu, from Proto-Malayic *(i)tu(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)tu, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)Cu.
tu
- (colloquial) that (what is being indicated)
tu
- (colloquial) that (that thing)
tu
- Nonstandard spelling of tū.
- Nonstandard spelling of tú.
- Nonstandard spelling of tǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of tù.
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Inherited from Old Polish tu.
- IPA(key): /ˈtu/
- Rhymes: -u
- Syllabification: tu
tu
- here
From Proto-Otomi *dų, from Proto-Otomian [Term?], from Proto-Oto-Pamean *tõ, from Proto-Oto-Manguean *ti(n).
tu (intransitive)
- die
tu
- contain
- exist
tu
- owe
tu
- Alternative form of þou (“thou”)
tu
- you (the second-person singular pronoun)
From Latin tū.
tu
- you (second-person singular nominative pronoun)
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1653: “voglio che tu finisca” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
From English too.
tu
- too
- very
From English two.
tu
- two
tu
- (Mooring) to
- 1867, Kleine Mittheilungen. Zur Sammlung der Sagen, Märchen und Lieder, der Sitten und Gebräuche der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg. Nachträge, herausgegeben von Dr. Handelmann in Jahrbücher für die Landeskunde der Herzogthümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg herausgegeben von der S. H. L. Gesellschaft für vaterländische Geschichte. Band IX., p. 126 (Von der Insel Amrum. Mitgetheilt von Chr. Johansen)
From Proto-Iranian *tuHám, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *túH, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Central Kurdish
|
تۆ (to)
|
Southern Kurdish
|
ت (ti)
|
tu (second person singular)
- you (singular); thou
|
singular
|
plural
|
1st person
|
ez (æz)
|
em (æm)
|
2nd person
|
tu (tu)
|
hûn (huːn)
|
3rd person
|
ew (æw)
|
ew (æw)
|
tu
- (dialectal, Trøndelag, Eastern Norway) Nonstandard form of ut or (“out from, out of”).
From Old Occitan tu, from Latin tū.
tu
- you (singular)
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.
tu
- here (at this place)
- Synonyms: tuto, tuž, tuže
- Coordinate term: tam
From Proto-Germanic *twō, neuter of *twai.
tū
- neuter nominative/accusative of tweġen
Old Galician-Portuguese
[edit]
From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
tu
- thou, you (singular second person pronoun)
-
eu te rogo / ſeñor que me tu leues Deſta carcer eſcura / E que ueia no Ceo a ta face velida.- Lady, I beg you, please take me out of this dark prison and let me see your beautiful face in Heaven.
- Fala: tu
- Galician: tu, ti
- Portuguese: tu
tu
- Alternative spelling of tú
Old Irish mutation
|
Radical |
Lenition |
Nasalization
|
tu
|
thu
|
tu pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
|
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
|
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu. First attested in the 14th century.
tu
- here (at this place)
- Synonym: tuta
- here, hither (to this place)
- then (at that time)
- here (in this situation)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “tu”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
tu
- Alternative form of þū
From Sanskrit तुवम् (tuvam, “thou”).
tu (personal, Perso-Arabic spelling توۡ)
- you (2sg nom subject or direct object)
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “tu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Inherited from Old Polish tu.
tu
- here (at this place)
- Synonym: tutaj
- Coordinate term: tam
- here; hither (to this place)
- Synonym: tutaj
- Coordinate term: tam
- here; now (at this time)
- Synonym: tutaj
tu
- (colloquial, telephony) used by the speaker to introduce themselves on the telephone; speaking
- Synonyms: tutaj, z tej strony
- Tu Janek! ― Janek speaking!
- used by the speaker to indicate they are thinking
- (colloquial) expressive particle, usually of anger
- (colloquial) particle of uncertainty of success on the speaker's part
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tu is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1-2 times in scientific texts, 42 times in news, 113 times in essays, 169 times in fiction, and 353 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 779 times, making it the 57th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tu”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 614
- tu in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tu in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “TU”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 30.03.2020
- “TU”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.09.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tu”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 162
- Rhymes: -u
- Hyphenation: tu
From Old Galician-Portuguese tu, from Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).
tu
- (informal in Portugal, literary, archaic or regional in Brazil) you; thou (singular second person pronoun)
- Synonyms: (Brazil, formal) o senhor, (formal in Portugal, neutral in Brazil) você, (formal, archaic) vossa mercê, (formal, archaic) vosmecê, (formal, obsolete) vossemecê
- (Brazil, colloquial, proscribed) second-person singular prepositional pronoun
- Ela gosta de tu. ― She's into you.
- Tu has fallen out of use in some regions of Brazil, including most of the Southeast and the Centre-West, where "você" has taken its place. It is still very commonly used in various regions of the country though, such as most of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, parts of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro city and most of the Northeast and North regions. It should be noted that in Rio de Janeiro the pronoun is frequently employed interchangeably with você. Despite the media's preference for "você", the usage of "tu" seems to have been gaining ground throughout the last few decades in Rio (see [8], a linguistic research on the topic in Portuguese), being most frequent among younger speakers.
- According to grammars, tu should always take second person singular verbs, as is the case in Portugal and some parts of Brazil. However, in most Brazilian dialects which employ tu, it now takes third person singular verbs, like você.
tu
- (onomatopoeia) the sound produced by a telephone after one of the callers hangs up
From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
tu
- you (singular)
Romani personal pronouns
Number
|
Person
|
Gender
|
Nominative
|
Accusative
|
Dative
|
Locative
|
Ablative
|
Instrumental
|
Possessive
|
Singular
|
First
|
—
|
me
|
man
|
manqe
|
manθe
|
manθar
|
mança
|
miro, -i, -e
|
Second
|
—
|
tu
|
tut
|
tuqe
|
tuθe
|
tuθar
|
tuça
|
tiro, -i, -e
|
Reflexive third
|
—
|
—
|
pes
|
pesqe
|
pesθe
|
pesθar
|
peça
|
pesqero, -i, -e
|
Third
|
Masculine
|
ov
|
les
|
lesqe
|
lesθe
|
lesθar
|
leça
|
lesqero, -i, -e
|
Feminine
|
oj
|
la
|
laqe
|
laθe
|
laθar
|
laça
|
laqero, -i, -e
|
Plural
|
First
|
—
|
amen
|
amenqe
|
amenθe
|
amenθar
|
amença
|
amaro, -i, -e
|
Second
|
—
|
tumen
|
tumenqe
|
tumenθe
|
tumenθar
|
tumença
|
tumaro, -i, -e
|
Reflexive third
|
—
|
—
|
pen
|
penqe
|
penθe
|
penθar
|
pença
|
penqero, -i, -e
|
Third
|
—
|
on
|
len
|
lenqe
|
lenθe
|
lenθar
|
lença
|
lenqero, -i, -e
|
Kalderash Romani personal pronouns
Number
|
Person
|
Gender
|
Nominative
|
Accusative (long and short forms)
|
Dative
|
Locative
|
Ablative
|
Instrumental
|
Possessive
|
Singular
|
First
|
—
|
me
|
man, ma
|
mánge
|
mánde
|
mándar
|
mánsa
|
múrro m, múrri f, múrre pl
|
Second
|
—
|
tu
|
tut, tu
|
túke
|
túte
|
tútar
|
túsa
|
tíro m, tíri f, tíre pl
|
Reflexive third
|
—
|
—
|
pês, pe
|
pêske
|
pêste
|
pêstar
|
pêsa
|
pêsko m, pêski f, pêske pl
|
Third
|
Masculine
|
wo
|
lês, le
|
lêske
|
lêste
|
lêstar
|
lêsa
|
lêsko m, lêski f, lêske pl
|
Feminine
|
woi
|
la, la
|
láke
|
láte
|
látar
|
lása
|
láko m, láki f, láke pl
|
Plural
|
First
|
—
|
ame
|
amên, ame
|
amênge
|
amênde
|
amêndar
|
amênsa
|
amáro m, amári f, amáre pl
|
Second
|
—
|
tume
|
tumên, tume
|
tumênge
|
tumênde
|
tumêndar
|
tumênsa
|
tumáro m, tumári f, tumáre pl
|
Reflexive third
|
—
|
—
|
pên, pe
|
pênge
|
pênde
|
pêndar
|
pênsa
|
pêngo m, pêngi f, pênge pl
|
Third
|
—
|
won
|
lên, le
|
lênge
|
lênde
|
lêndar
|
lênsa
|
lêngo m, lêngi f, lênge pl
|
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
tu
- you (singular), thou
- Synonyms: (semi-polite form) dumneata, (polite form) dumneavoastră
Declension
Nominative
|
tu
|
Accusative
|
stressed (pe)
|
unstressed
|
tine
|
te
|
Genitive
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
m & n
|
f
|
m
|
f & n
|
tău
|
ta
|
tăi
|
tale
|
Dative
|
stressed
|
unstressed
|
ție
|
îți
|
Reflexive
|
Accusative
|
Dative
|
stressed
|
unstressed
|
stressed
|
unstressed
|
tine
|
te
|
ție
|
îți
|
Romanian personal pronouns
From Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
tu
- you (singular)
- Synonym: (formal, now rare) vosthè
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvam).
tu
- you; second-person singular and plural personal pronoun
- Nina Knobloch (2020) A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[9], Stockholm University
tu (emphatic tusa)
- Form of thu (“thou, you”) used after verb forms ending in -n, -s or -dh.
Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns
|
simple
|
emphatic
|
singular
|
plural
|
singular
|
plural
|
First person
|
mi
|
sinn
|
mise
|
sinne
|
Second person
|
thu, tu1)
|
sibh
|
thusa, tusa1)
|
sibhse
|
Third person m
|
e
|
iad
|
esan
|
iadsan
|
Third person f
|
i
|
ise
|
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.
|
From Proto-Slavic *tu.
tȗ (Cyrillic spelling ту̑)
- here (in this place)
- Tu nikad nismo bili. ― We have never been here.
- (proximal) here, over here (in the indicated place nearby)
- Eno ih tu! ― Here they are!
- over here (to, towards this place)
- Dođi tu! ― Come over here!
From Latin tū.
tu (second person singular)
- you (informal); thou
nominative
|
tu
|
prepositional
|
tia
|
object, reflexive
|
ti
|
Inherited from Old Polish tu.
- IPA(key): /ˈtu/
- Rhymes: -u
- Syllabification: tu
tu
- here (at this place)
- Synonyms: sam, tukej, samtukej
- Coordinate terms: (regional) hań, (Cieszyń) hanej, (Cieszyń) han, tam
tu
- you (singular)
- “tu” in Sinte Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
tȕ
- here, in this place
- “tu”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “tu”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognates include Navajo tó and Chipewyan tuu.
- IPA(key): [tʰù(ʔ)]
- Hyphenation: tu
tu (stem -tu-)
- water
Possessive inflection of tu (-tué)
- Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 90
From Latin tuus, from Proto-Indo-European *towos.
tu sg (second person singular possessive of singular, of plural tus)
- (before the noun) Apocopic form of tuyo, your
- Synonym: (parts of Central and South America) su
- The forms tu and tus are only used before and within the noun phrase of the modified noun. In other positions, a form of tuyo is used instead:
- Son tus libros. ― They are your books.
- Son los libros tuyos. ― They are your books. (literally, “They are the books of yours.”)
Besides being a pronoun, because tu occurs in a noun phrase and expresses reference, it also grammatically classifies as a determiner (specifically a possessive/genitive determiner).
Spanish possessive determiners
From English two.
tu
- two
From English too.
tu
- too, also, as well
- Synonym: owktu
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Compare Lithuanian tù, Latvian tu, Old Prussian tu, tou.[1][2]
tu
- (second-person singular) you, thou
tu
- only
From Old Norse tvau, neuter nominative/accusative of tveir.
tu
- (archaic, in the neuter) two
- Synonym: två
- tu was the old neuter of två. Thus, one would say "ett hus" (one house), "tu hus" (two houses). The equivalent for the number three was try or tri, which is likewise archaic.
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
tu
- water
- Jeff Leer, Proto-Athabaskan verb stem variation (1979), page 83
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuqu.
tu
- right (not left)
tu
- right hand
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təlu.
tu
- three
From Proto-Austronesian *tuduq.
tu
- a drop
tu (used in the form magtu)
- to drip
From Proto-Tai *tuːᴬ. Cognate with Thai ตู (dtuu), Northern Thai ᨲᩪ, Lao ຕູ (tū), Lü ᦎᦴ (ṫuu), Tai Dam ꪔꪴ, Shan တူ (tǔu), Tai Nüa ᥖᥧ (tu), Ahom 𑜄𑜥 (tū), Zhuang dou.
tu (閗, 須)
- door
- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][10] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][11][12] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
tu
- one
tu
- water
From Proto-Tocharian [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Tocharian B tuwe.
tu
- you, thou
From English two.
tu
- two
Used when counting; see also tupela.
Tok Pisin cardinal numbers from 1 to 99
From English too.
tu
- too; also; as well
1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:15:God i mekim kamap tupela bikpela lait. Bikpela em san bilong givim lait long de, na liklik em mun bilong givim lait long nait. Na God i mekim kamap ol sta tu.- →New International Version translation
1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics[13], →ISBN, page 433:Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognate with Navajo tó, Dogrib ti, Gwich'in chųų
tú
- water
From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
tu
- water
- Raymond L. Collins, Betty Petruska, Dinak'i (our Words): Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan Junior Dictionary (1979)
Sino-Vietnamese word from 修.
tu
- (intransitive) to isolate oneself from other people to follow rules in a philosophy or religion
tu
- (transitive) to drink directly from a bottle by holding bottle mouth in one's mouth
Borrowed from English too.
tu
- (degree) too, excessively.
From Proto-Brythonic *tʉβ, from Proto-Celtic *toibos, whence also Old Irish tóeb and Irish taobh. Cognate with Breton tu, Cornish tu.
tu m (uncountable)
- side
tu
- beside, next to
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “tu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
tu
- you (singular)
- “tu” in Welsh Romani-English Dictionary, ROMLEX – the Romani Lexicon Project, 2000.
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *tɛŋH (“to snap”).[1]
tu
- to snap, break apart
|
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Not mentioned at all by Ratliff. Probably native Hmongic; perhaps distantly related to Old Chinese 填 (OC *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins, “to fill”)?”
|
tu
- to look after, care for, prepare
- to clean, clear
- Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary[14], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, pages 324-5.
- ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 283.
tu
- water