Compare Proto-Tungusic *-da (“lovative and dative suffix”), Proto-Turkic *-da (“locative and dative suffix”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
-д • (-d)
- Marks the dative-locative case.
- Аав над энэ номыг өгсөн. ― Aav nad ene nomyg ögsön. ― My father gave this book to me.
Equivalent to English to, at or in. Used to show the indirect object of a sentence, or to indicate the time or the place an action will happen.
-д • (-d)
- plural marker for a small number of nouns.
- мод (mod) (tree), модод (trees), моднууд (trees)
- морь (morʹ) (horse), морьд (horses)
- нохой (noxoj) (dog), ноход (dogs)
Some words ending in ⟨н⟩, ⟨с⟩, ⟨р⟩ or ⟨л⟩ lose that consonant when adding this suffix.
- ноён (nojon, “prince”), ноёд (nojod, “princes, aristrocracy”)
- нөхөр (nöxör, “comrade”), нөхөд (nöxöd, “comrades”)
Proto-Nivkh *-nt.
-д (-d)
- (North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin) indicative mood marker for verbs
- (South Sakhalin) infinitive marker for verbs (see usage notes)
- (North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin) nominaliser (see usage notes)
In South Sakhalin Nivkh, a distinction is made between this suffix, used for the infinitive, and with two other suffixes derived from the same Proto-Nivkh suffix:
As a nominaliser, forms action and result nouns, denotes the instrument or object of an action, or denotes something characterised by the attribute described by the verb (e.g. "to be green" > "verdure").
