Geographic Isolation

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What were the influences on the Inuit of Northern Labrador preceding the creation of the self-governing territory of Nunatsiavut? What are the preterritorial influences of the Inuit on the territory’s five schools? To answer these questions and to share the success of one Indigenous people, the Nunatsiavut Inuit (the Inuit of Northern Labrador, Canada), this paper traces their survival, recovery, and development as they reclaim their right to self-determination (Smith, 1999). As part of this process, the paper reports such influences as: the bicultural and assimilationist forces (Moravian missionaries and the governments of Newfoundland), the rise and successful influence of the Labrador Inuit Association as a precursor to the Nunatsiavut Assembly, and the Inuit influence on schools in the region. This paper concludes with a discussion of the nature of northern isolation as a source of economic and cultural strength, which may have enabled the Nunatsiavut Inuit to resist complete as...

Abstract The Eastern African forests are of three general geographical types: the Eastern Arc forests on ancient crystalline mountains; the forests of more recent origin on volcanic mountains; and coastal forests on overlying sedimentary rocks between the Eastern Arc ...

In one hypothesis the Tethys (i.e. "Palaeotethys") existed in Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic as a wide ocean separating Gondwana (i.e. Anatolia) to the south from Eurasia in the north (i.e. Pontides). This ocean completely closed during a Mid-Late Triassic Cimmerian orogeny of Himalayan/Tibetan type. The suture then rifted in the Early Jurassic time to open a new Mesozoic ocean basin system (Neotethys) to the south. In an alternative hypothesis an early Mesozoic ocean (Palaeotethys) did not close in Triassic time but instead remained continuously open and evolved into the Mesozoic Neotethys without any fundamental break. To test these alternatives we utilise evidence from the Pontides (northern margin) and Anatolides/Taurides (southern margin). For the northward margin (e.g. central Pontides) we see evidence of northward subduction/accretion, HP/LT metamorphism, arc volcanism and ophiolite genesis in Triassic time. This culminated in deformation and regional metamorphism prior to a Late Jurassic shallow-marine transgression. For the southern margin (Anatolides/Taurides) we find that major nappe systems (Lycian and Beysehir Hoyran-Hadim nappes) were rooted to the north of the Tauride continental units (e.g. Menderes and Bolkar Dag massifs). These nappes include a record of Early Triassic rifting and Mid-Late Triassic continental break up to create Neotethys (i.e. northerly Neotethys). We see no evidence of a regional continental collision event in the Mid-Late Triassic. The available evidence thus supports the second (open-ocean) hypothesis. Our view is that Triassic Palaeotethys was dominantly subducted northwards under the Eurasian margin, associated with accretion (e.g. Domuz Dag melange), marginal arc volcanism (Cangaldag arc), and SSZ-type spreading (e.g. Elekdag ophiolite). Continental fragment(s) associated with hot-spot-type volcanism were rifted from the southern margin opening a Triassic Neotethys along the southern margin of the Tauride continental block(s). These "Cimmerian" fragments drifted across the Tethys (e.g. Cal unit of Karakaya Complex) until they were accreted to the Eurasian margin prior to Late Jurassic time. The Tethys remained continuously open but evolved into Neotethys, culminating in Early Tertiary diachronous collision.

This paper describes a participatory action research project carried out by three groups of people: Native Yup'ik Alaskans, the University of Idaho, and the Rural Alaska Community Action Program. The project demonstrates how respectful collaborations ...

This study explores conditions promoting girls' education in ethnic Tibetan pastoral highlands of the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau of western China. Global discourse and cross national evidence on the transgenerational benefits of girls' education has shown prioritizing girls' education to be the most effective strategy of breaking the vicious cycle of poverty, a crucial policy strategy for this comparatively declining region. The study looks beyond utilitarian concerns as it examines the situation of girls within the network of relationships ...