Galaxy Formation and Evolution

Over the course of years, and as of more recently, many followers-friends of the author have been asking questions with reference to the Melchizedeks and their role in humanity-Earth Ascension. Below, you will find a sample of such questions posted to the author as of more recently, and the response to some of these questions, which were also later posted as slides for the benefit of the all. Herein, via the publication of this paper, you will find a more detailed response to such questions and concerns pertaining to the coerced role of fallen Melchizedeks with reference to cooperating with the negative aliens.

We introduce a differential equation for star formation in galaxies that incorporates negative feedback with a delay. When the feedback is instantaneous, solutions approach a self-limiting equilibrium state. When there is a delay, even though the feedback is negative, the solutions can exhibit cyclic and episodic solutions. We find that periodic or episodic star formation only occurs when two conditions

In this paper we study scalar perturbations of the metric for nonlinear f(R) models. We consider the Universe at the late stage of its evolution and deep inside the cell of uniformity. We investigate the astrophysical approach in the case of Minkowski spacetime background and two cases in the cosmological approach, the large scalaron mass approximation and the quasi-static approximation, getting explicit expressions for scalar perturbations for both these cases. In the most interesting quasi-static approximation, the scalar perturbation functions depend on both the nonlinearity function f(R) and the scale factor a. Hence, we can study the dynamical behavior of the inhomogeneities (e.g., galaxies and dwarf galaxies) including into consideration their gravitational attraction and the cosmological expansion, and also taking into account the effects of nonlinearity. Our investigation is valid for functions f(R) which have stable de Sitter points in future with respect to the present tim...

No estás solo en el universo. Y no estás solo en este viaje por el universo. Estás tumbado mirando el cielo en una playa cuando alguien te coge de la mano. Te guía en una odisea alucinante hasta los agujeros negros, las galaxias más lejanas y el inicio mismo del cosmos. Abandonas tu cuerpo y te desplazas a velocidades imposibles, te introduces en un núcleo atómico, viajas en el tiempo, entras en el Sol. No es que te expliquen el universo. Es que lo tocas. No es que por fin entiendas el universo. Lo tienes en tu mano.

Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HLIRG) are the most luminous persistent objects in the Universe. They exhibit extremely high star formation rates, and most of them seem to harbour an AGN. They are unique laboratories for investigating the most extreme star formation, and its connection to super-massive black hole growth. The AGN and SB relative contributions to the total output in these objects is still debated. Our aim is to disentangle the AGN and SB emission of a sample of thirteen HLIRG. We have studied the MIR low resolution spectra of a sample of thirteen HLIRG obtained with the IRS on board Spitzer. The 5-8 um range is an optimal window to detect AGN activity even in a heavily obscured environment. We performed a SB/AGN decomposition of the continuum using templates, successfully applied for ULIRG in previous works. The MIR spectra of all sources is largely dominated by AGN emission. After converting the 6 um luminosity into IR luminosity, we found that ~80% of the sample shows an IR output dominated by the AGN emission. However, the SB activity is significant in all sources (mean SB contribution ~30%), showing star formation rates ~300-3000 solar masses per year. Using X-ray and MIR data we estimated the dust covering factor (CF) of these HLIRG, finding that a significant fraction presents a CF consistent with unity. Along with the high X-ray absorption shown by these sources, this suggests that large amounts of dust and gas enshroud the nucleus of these HLIRG, as also observed in ULIRG. Our results are in agreement with previous studies of the IR SED of HLIRG using radiative transfer models, and we find strong evidence that all HLIRG harbour an AGN. This work provides further support to the idea that AGN and SB are both crucial to understand the properties of HLIRG. Our study of the CF supports the hypothesis that HLIRG can be divided in two different populations.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

I present the latest form of the Tully fisher relation (TFR) which evolves with cosmic time.This so called evolving bTFR provides information about mass, age and velocity of a galaxy sample and is a necessary tool in studying galactic, cluster and cosmic evolution.

We have carried out a comparison study of hydrodynamical codes by investigating their performance in modelling interacting multiphase fluids. The two commonly used techniques of grid and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) show striking differences in their ability to model processes ...

The following assumptions of the Big Bang theory are challenged and found to be false: the cosmological principle, the assumption that all matter formed at the same time and the assumption regarding the cause of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR).

The evolution of the universe is described based on the conclusion that the universe is finite with a space boundary. The CMBR is coming from a source located within the event horizon of the universe. There is sufficient mass in the universe to create an event horizon at the Schwarzschild radius.

Galaxies form over time due to the energy released by the expansion of space. When a galaxy forms the matter formation is in the form of neutrons. Pairs of neutrons bond to form dark matter (dineutrons) and single neutrons decay to form protons and electrons which combine to form hydrogen.

Conservation of energy must consider total energy which is mass (+ve) plus energy (+ve) plus spacetime curvature (-ve) so that the total energy of the universe is always zero. The predominant position of galaxy formation moves over time from the centre of the universe towards the boundary so that today the majority of new galaxy formation is taking place beyond our horizon of observation at 14 billion light years.

The distribution of galaxies in a finite universe is such that there is a variation in gravitational acceleration depending on the distance from the centre of the universe. This gravitational acceleration results in the difference in the recession velocity of galaxies previously attributed to dark energy.

Since the beginning of human history people have always wondered about the cosmos however limited the educational horizons of a generation might be. People also have always wondered about space and time and the relation they bear to the unfurling of life from birth to death and the implications of the many faces of this topical question. Albert Einstein provides an angle to this issue and this will be used as a stepping stone to introduce a new perspective that proves to be challenging and very creative and which is derived from a spiral conception of space and time within the frameworks of an emergent Spiral Theory of Everything contrary to the existing linear and cyclic conceptions.

One of the most challenging results brought by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) is the discovery of a new population of extragalactic objects, the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRG). These sources showed a luminosity comparable to quasars (LIR > 1e12 L⊙ ), but their bolometric output was completely dominated by the infrared (IR) emission.

The origin of their extreme IR luminosities has been in discussion for decades, but in the last few years a consensual picture has emerged, brought by multi-wavelength observations. Now is broadly accepted that ULIRG are dusty galaxies where fierce star formation processes have been triggered by mergers or interactions between rich-gas galaxies. Only half of them show Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), which usually are minor contributors to the total IR emission, but the fraction of ULIRG harbouring an AGN and its relative contribution to the bolometric output increases with luminosity.

Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxies (HLIRG) are defined as those LIRG with LIR > 1e13 solar luminosities . However the ULIRG paradigm described above is not so well-grounded for HLIRG. Most of these objects seem
to be composite sources, i.e. AGN and SB phenomena are both needed to fully explain their IR emission and only about a third of them has been found in interacting systems. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the nature of HLIRG and its connection with ULIRG. Moreover, as HLIRG could represent the most vigorous stage of galaxy formation they are unique laboratories to investigate extremely high stellar formation, and its connection to super-massive black hole (SMBH) growth. HLIRG could be key objects to understand the co-evolution between SMBH and galaxies.

AGN and star formation processes occur in environments enshrouded by large amounts of gas and dust. X-ray and IR observations offer the needed penetrating power to study these phenomena. While X-rays provide a largely uncontaminated view of the primary AGN emission, measures of infrared emission yield detailed information about the levels of dust and on-going star-formation surrounding AGN.

Infrared and X-ray observations are therefore essential to understand the AGN and SB phenomena on-going in HLIRG. The main objective of this thesis is to draw a comprehensive and consistent picture on HLIRG derived from multiwavelength observations. Thanks to the unprecedented capabilities of state-of-the-art observatories we are able to characterize the properties of HLIRG in several wavelength ranges.

We selected a moderate size sample of HLIRG observed by XMM-Newton and/or Spitzer, which allows performing our study in two complementary energy bands, X-ray and MIR, and we have also studied their broadband SED from radio to X-rays. We have applied different techniques to detect the signatures of AGN and SB emission at several wavelengths and estimate the contribution of these processes to the bolometric output. Our multi-wavelength approach provides more conclusive evidence on which is the dominant mechanism with respect to any other previous study restricted to a particular energy range.

We found that all the studied sources harbour an AGN. MIR and X-ray observations have allowed its detection even in heavily enshrouded environments. Most of these sources posses a strong SB, with star forming rates up to 1000 solar masses per year. Moreover, we found that those sources with no SB contribution are in fact luminous quasars and hence they are not "bona fide" HLIRG, since their bolometric emission is not dominated by the IR output. We can confirm that both AGN and SB phenomena are indispensable to understand the extreme luminosity of HLIRG.

However, the "bona fide" HLIRG do not seem to be an homogeneous population. On one hand there are sources with large amounts of gas and dust enshrouding the nucleus as it is suggested by the strong absorption shown in X-rays and MIR and by the shape of their SED. Their large dust covering factors are also consistent with a nucleus almost completely enshrouded by dust. The gas and dust fuel powerful AGN activity and strong star formation, that could be triggered by galaxy interactions and/or mergers, as suggested by the study of the morphology and environment of some of these HLIRG. The analysis of their SED also hints toward a strong feedback between both phenomena. These are common properties of ULIRG and hence we can consider these HLIRG as the objects occupying the high luminosity tail of the ULIRG population distribution.

On the other hand there are HLIRG with minor MIR/optical/X-ray obscuration, suggesting lower quantities of gas and dust than in the "ULIRG-like" population. However the strong SB observed in these sources need large amounts of gas to fuel the star formation. The SB emission in these HLIRG can be modelled with young SB models. They seem to be isolated galaxies, with no signs of interactions or ongoing mergers. Further studies are needed to explain the nature of these HLIRG, but they could be young active galaxies undergoing their first major episode of star formation.

Therefore, the sources studied in this thesis likely belong to three different populations:

1. Very luminous QSO with minor star formation activity.

2. Young, isolated active galaxies undergoing their first episode of major star formation with little connection with a recent major merger.

3. Galaxies which have recently experienced a merger/disturbance that brought lots of gas and dust into the inner regions. This event triggered both the star formation and the AGN activity in a heavily obscured environment. These objects are good candidates to be the high luminosity tail of the ULIRG population distribution.

A brief overview of the negative aliens' history contaminating the consciousness fields of the Nebadon (our) Universe, together with a short list of atrocities that they have committed while invading the territory of Nebadon through creating unauthorized tears in the fabrics of space-times, joining them together to form wormholes, and in turn, linking these wormholes to form a black hole system, is presented. It is explicated that these negative aliens have created an incredible amount of energetic wastes or 'miasma' in the consciousness field of Earth through utilization of their AI machinery that progressively has led to the generation of' black goo' and its adherence to human DNA, culminating in a variety forms of genetic mutations and alien hybridization. Being of parallel-antiparallel dimensions to our Earth and being energetic or stealth to our physical plane, their negative agendas have been particularly carried out by a horde of narcissistic, self-serving hybrid human individuals who are firmly set on attaining fame and fortune for themselves at the expense of others, with utter apathy and ruthlessness, who consider everyone else as inferior to their 'elitist' linage and pyramidal hierarchical societal structure, even viewing other humans as nothing more than 'farm animals,' to be put in, essentially, forced labor, and being utilized as slaves and such, at the same time being totally mind controlled, mind slided, and blank slated as to not be aware of what is transpiring in their Phantom Reality, that to a significant degree, is actually governed by the negative aliens AI machinery. Finally, it is explicated as to what will happen to these nefarious individuals during the beginning of this current Ascension Cycle with reference to their new course of existence.

Contrary to the misinformation-disinformation or paltering, lies, and deception found on the internet surfacing under the general discipline of “New Age Spirituality” nowadays, the negative aliens do NOT only ‘live’ in the Astral Plane, nor are confined to the lowest 4 dimensions. In fact, they originate from the Wesa System comprised of the parallel (mostly Annunaki) as well as the antiparallel (mostly reptilians) dimensions going up to the 10D. Indeed, this is what is meant by the Sephiroth or the 10D False Tree of Life that forms the Metatronic Consciousness Reversal System, which is the impaled form of the 12D Grid or Universal Tree of Life.  This means that upon their rank and hierarchy within their pyramidal societal structure, they can exist anywhere typically up to the 10th dimensions. Yet, they often prefer to lurk in the lower 3 dimensions that constitutes their ‘feeding grounds.’ In fact, through their reverse-spin light fields forming reverse-particle-spin matter fields, they can create Hyperdimensional zones in the fabric of space that epitomize a form of space-between-space dimension. For example, the negative aliens often hang in and inhabit within pockets in the atmosphere of Earth that are referred to as the ‘hibernation zones.’ Think of these ‘pockets’ as to exist in the reverse side of the curved space (say convex versus concave side), in line with what the author has introduced as the ‘conjugate-mirrored’ aspects of a space-time, with one epitomizing the ‘physical,’ and the other, the ‘ethereal’ side of the same space-time. In this respect, it is akin to making a mini wormhole to reach the ‘other side’ of the space-time, which provides a good ‘hiding space,’ as one would be ‘stealth’ and out of sight of whatever exists in the physical plane. The form of AI technology that is responsible to create the illusion of False white light is referred to as the ‘Nibiru Electrostatic Transduction (NET) Field Technology.’ Through this technology, it is possible to create a ‘shroud’ of False light through quantum reversal of spin of the fundamental particles of matter that encapsulates and clouds and distorts the natural organic holographic space and reality of humanity that is originally sourced from the base 12 Grid or Divine Tree of Life and is based upon the fundamental principles of the Law of One, by effectively forming a kind of ‘holographic inserts.’ This concept is akin to putting distortive lenses in front of the natural holographic projections of Light that would refract or bend the natural Light, effectively disfiguring the organic holographic reality, imposing self-destructive mind controlling impulses streamed upon humanity. And, a great deal of the nefarious work of the negative aliens in this part of universal dimensional planes, and in particular Earth, is conducted via the Astral Plane that comprises the lowest plane of the 4th dimension. Accordingly, a brief account of the foundation of operation of the negative aliens that includes ‘Light mimicry’ via forming ‘False white light’ and its usage in order to lower humans into the Astral Plane for repeated cycles of futile reincarnations has been explicated. In this regard, visualize yourself as having a ‘False umbilicus’ to the Astral Plane that after death uses an AI machinery that directs you to the Astral Plane through following the proverbial  “white tunnel,’’ that culminates in you reincarnating on the 3D Earth so you can experience the same life sojourns of misery, pain, disease, ageing, and finally recurring death, negating any possibility for your multidimensional consciousness experience or consciousness expansibility and Ascension to the higher planes of existence. And, all this epitomizes misuse of technology effectuated mainly through mind control programming that condemns humans into a “sleeper state,” unaware of what is transpiring, while one’s precious divine consciousness energetics is being systematically harvested or siphoned for their consumption, leading to their survival and even  longevity. Finally, it is explicated that through the benevolent interjection of the Guardian-Founders, this futile cycle of reincarnation is now ending. And, it is of paramount importance that via spiritual awakening, and striving to attain enlightenment, you finally develop an appreciation for your incredibly advanced God’s technological marvel design of consciousness embodiment as the ‘Crown Jewel of ALL this Universal Creation,’ by making at least a modicum of efforts in order to live up to your incredible possible potentials as an embodied form of God in whatever dimension that you may end up upon your Ascension.

The black hole and dark matter are two pillars of contemporary General Relativity. Week after week, we read about them in the specialized journals and in popularization magazines. Here we show that the term 'black hole' has yet to be defined scientifically. To pique the skeptic, mathematical physicists assign many dimensions to the black hole, confess that they have never seen one, and have no idea what these alleged objects are made of. For its part, dark matter is nothing more than an ad hoc variable that Mathematical Physics invented to plug holes in its leaky conception of gravity. The Rope Model of Light and Gravity offers a rational alternative for phenomena attributed to magical black holes and invisible dark matter.

Galaxy clusters provide us with key information based on their characteristics such as they evolve slowly so they retain information of how the universe formed. From the time of its discovery, galaxy clusters have been studied and observed with many different instruments, such as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), using multiwavelength astronomy. X-ray emissions from galaxy clusters provide information about the environment and physical processes occurring in that galaxy group. X-ray surveys offer an advantage since they provide a correlation between X-ray observables and mass due to their purity and completeness. The primary disadvantage of X-ray cluster surveys is that they can only be carried out from space, which is expensive. Optical and Near-Infrared (NIR) emission from galaxy clusters comes mostly from starlight (usually the central regions of clusters). The main observables from optical surveys include richness, luminosity, and color. Projection of filamentary structures along the line of sight greatly impacts optical catalogs, adding a degree of uncertainty. The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect arises due to the inverse Compton scattering off hot ICM electrons, causing a shift in the CMB spectrum. The advantage of SZ surveys is that, unlike optical and X-ray measurements, the SZ signal does not undergo surface dimming. Challenges for these catalogs include determining the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Gravitational lensing arises due to the bending of light around the distribution of matter as light travels from the source to the observer. If the cluster and background galaxy redshifts are known, galaxy lensing can be used to calculate the cluster mass using gravitational shear. The future of multiwavelength galaxy cluster observations looks bright with cluster catalogs set to expand in size with new projects and surveys underway.

These three propositions revolutionized humankind's concep-tion of the universe. Obviously, they were truly vast in their implica-tions. Yet they were not fully agreed to by all astronomers until the early decades of the twentieth century. There is some debate whether ...

The discussion regarding the possibility of being privy to experience continued incarnation, and possibly Ascension after physical death during the present cycle of incarnation has been continued with particular attention to those of humans and non-humans who have needs for expedited life lessons leading to their consciousness expansion. In particular, this discourse pertains to the greatest majority of the present inhabitants of Earth who have proclivity to either negative or positive polarity. In this respect, three groups of individuals are identified that include 1) those highly plagued by Luciferism who are categorized as having strong inclinations to negative polarity, 2) a second group composed of souls who although need extensive life lessons as a result of being predisposed to negative polarity with the residual effects of anger and unresolved issues, still are not considered as malevolent and a source of liability to others, and 3) a third group comprised of individuals with somewhat overzealous predisposition who have acquired negative aliens' dogma of belief system with strong tendencies for materialism and lust for glutinous excess, who are separated from the acumen of their inner soul-spirit. The discussion ends with concluding remarks pertinent to the humanity's experiences with the negative aliens throughout their entire course of creation.

Nearly three decades ago, a physical anomaly that should have shaken physics to its very foundations was observed: The galaxy rotation problem. The new concept of Cold Dark Matter was invoked to explain this anomaly. Alternative explanations such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics and models utilizing specific variations in Newton’s Universal Gravitational Constant have been proposed, but altering the basis of Newtonian physics by adding fudge factors to the laws of motion and/or gravity are aesthetically displeasing as well as completely unnecessary. The problem has been further complicated by the recent discovery of Dark Energy, which must be related to Dark Matter at some fundamental level. Both the Dark Matter halo that surrounds galaxies and the Dark Energy that seems to be propelling expansion in the universe at an increasing pace can be easily explained if scientists are willing to accept the physical reality of a fourth dimension of space, which amounts to a fifth dimension of space-time. Although space-like, this new dimension is uniquely different from the normal three dimensions of space. This solution may seem radical, but there is ample evidence in other areas of physics to support the existence of a fourth spatial dimension. What is commonly called Dark Matter is no more nor less than an extrinsic curvature of common space-time that is not directly associated with local matter, but is instead a local variation in the total or global curvature of the universe induced by nearby matter. 

Keywords: galactic rotation problem, halo, Dark Matter, CDM, HDM, Dark Energy, General Relativity, Kaluza, five-dimensional, fourth dimension, MOND, Modified Gravity, Randall-Sundrum, Branes, space-time, curvature

We live & die following the laws of 0-sum time worldcycles. Vital Spæc¡es reproduce its in-form-åð¡on, aging its form thru life till death reverses form exploding it back into Tt-motion. All systems of nature are space-time organisms that go thru 3±¡ stages of life v. death. ◊¡ Worldcycles are sequences of ◊- infinitesimal diemotions=actions of cœxistience  that reproduce -form aging organisms: TS-WORLD»Ss-minds‹St-angular heads‹ts-reproductive bodywaves‹sT-lineal limbfields‹tT-deað«TS-WORLD.-Diemotions are time=changes that maximize reproductive survival. T.œs first gauge information in a stop state of no motion, then move to feed on energy or absorb it within an energetic friendly placenta in its first life cycle (∆◊-¡ from conception to birth). Then they emerge in a larger entropic WORLD to go through 3 stages dominated by each toporganic network,  youth, max. ∆Ts, adulthood, S=T, when body and mind are in balance and reproduce, and 3rd age, max. St, till all motion and body energy is exhausted, the membrain of the pœint has overgrown it, and the organism stops an instant of time, dying back in a explosion of inner and OUTER Tt-motion (bang, war, biologic death) that dissolves into a zero sum the information of the being,  4D worldlines of longomotion that study only V=s/T then become 5D worldcycles of existience that apply to all time§pace systems between Ss-conception in ◊-¡, thru 3 ◊° st-ages till ◊+¡ death. So worldcycles end in Death - its purest mode of Time=motion - Tt an inner and OUTER time motion that erases the Spatial information of a system is the beginning and end of reality, the womb from where all what exists departs, considering the different scalar bangs of Astrophysics, the processes of feeding of biologic nature, to the œdipus Paradox that makes each new generation and son species to kill its father.
Tthe function of ∃xistence has an inverse, the function of εxtinction. If Existence is form in space, εxtinction is absolute motion in time. Both are the poles reaiity needs to renew itself. But Death is stronger, void of form, to which we all return.
Ðeath in any scale of the Universe is a process of disorder, caused by an excess of motion that breaks the synchronicities and simultaneities of time and space that form the networks of supœrganism across its ◊±¡ scales, leading invariably to the collapse and death of those networks.
Death is 1/2 of the game. Its equation is simple: Tt, internal and EXTERNAL motion that disorders the information of a supœrganism. it is so simple that it is the easiest model of reality. Evilwood ends all movies in death. Physicists reduce in the bigbang their study of the arrow of future time to Tt-entropic death. Even biology analyzes St-information and §ð-Reproduction, as 'something else', calling it the negation of entropy, negantropy...  and focus evolution in darwnian death.
In terms of cyclical ðime, Ðeath is a return to a simplified past, 2 scales down the 5th dimension, ◊-2 to rise again your energy in a different life cycle.
We study the ilogic function of Death in all the scales of Existence.
The ◊ST universe is perfect, and death proves it.
Ego is just a mirage mental space that wants to survive stopping time into form... Then the point of death and its justice, which is fast, corrects the errors.
As it should be. You see, the equation of existence has 2 inverse arrows of time:
Past->Present->FUture (the 3 ages of life, youth>adult hood>Old age) is slow, because the 'present' stage is long, from 16-50 in humans... And the old age can slowly last for long too... your clock of information slows down, so you live less than in youth... but you have the mirage of an old long age.
In light is the blue/green/red long decay of its wave...
But death moves backwards, dissolving information in a single time quantum of the organism, there is NO present. DEATH IS a cliff, and for life on earth it means a single 'human generation', this century with its AI-robots pandemics, cern's black holes... In a galaxy is a quasar big-bang, in a star a nova. in an individual a last second you realize you are gonna die point. In civilizations a fast war. This is the compassion of the Universe seen in the present age of Death of mankind.
Man lives its age of extinction that gives its individual minds max. Freedom. The function of existence, Max. ExI=ST, guides the syntax of all mental spaces, as all Time§pace supœrganism maximize its ∆§¡ transfer of information and ∆ðe, temporal energy=motion from an outer ST world.
Its denial is death when that balances breaks and one of the 2 sides becomes selfish exhausting the energy of its body (3rd age warping death: Max. S x Min. T) or provoking an accidental death by maximal motion (Max. T x Min. S)
In Tt-Death vital constants explode in & OUT of its balancing standing ratios, -∆ðe/∆§¡. But nothing dies which is not killed. Suicides are rare and all induced. The function of existence, Max. ExI◊ST is absolute from a selfish point of truth, always projecting its mental space in its territory of order, changing energy for form. Existence requires an inverse EXTERNAL T-t death function to clean its act. Leibniz said the world is the best of all possible ones. Death is the reason. If death didn't exist still minds with their aberrant selfish views of the Universe will distort the flows of time till stopping all motion into form. This is what huminds always try. Controlling freaks keep expanding its still property, territories of order that kill the motion of beings into its selfish perspectives. Then build museums to themselves expecting to last in their aberrant form. But death will clean up their act. Death kills even the biggest time stopper, top quark black hole, who feeds on the entire galaxy but it will die into an E=mc2, quasar, in any scale of maðer. Death is the zero sum of all world cycles of coexistence. The warrior that kills dies by iron when a new 800 years cycle of history cleans up its act. The capitalist go(l)d parasitic tax-farming banister on top of mankind that kills the 99% by anoxia - lack of credit, as it absorbs its oxygen-money - that today rules supreme, enjoying its billions while billions die of hunger pretends to win over death but it will die. Since it has corrupted the body of history and makes mankind suffer under its go(l)d greed. So as much as he hates the cycles of wars and holocausts and builds victimist mantras and rewrites history he will also find its karma. Death cleans up the aberrant minds that pretend to be above GodoG, the laws of existence and ethics and life and love.
Without death parasites, genociders, germs, distortions of the game that allows to happen all systems 'that demand to exist' (Leibniz), wouldn't exist Mundi.  But death can be defeated following the simple laws of balance of the Universe. In the case of History just by changing a sign of the 3 st-ages of Earth from gaia>history>Metal-earth, which evolves information, into Gaia < History > Metal-earth, which represses it according to the Human constitution: max. wHealthy goods x Min. Lethal goods, death could be avoided. But the parasitic capitalist tax-farming stock rats who profit from hate memes, lethal goods and war won't have it. So death will come to then. Everywhere we look at death, it redeems the ego. Even if death also kills the blind body cells that follow the selfie actions of its neuronal brain. We thus study death, its equations, its scales, its multiple forms all resumed in the 3 phases of death: ST (world)<Ts+St (energy and informative dissipating flows)<Tt entropic, 'Big Bang explosion' of death): ∑◊-¡: desegregated parts, cleaned up of memories to be used to rise a new, more evolved form that preys on death.  This architectonical analysis that mimics the ◊STructure of reality seems the best fitting so hopefully I won't change it. This one is dedicated to the flow of Death from the world to the being in 3 sequential steps, ST<Ts<Tt
Death, Tt- inner and OUTER time motion disorders the being, without an intermediate present stage, dissolving Ss-minds of absolute order into Time§pace ◊ust. Minds thus hate death, but they won't understand reality without knowing what death is about. Death is bothersome to those control freak minds that invent reality with their distorted view as a knot of form, with themselves in the center, aka huminds. So this volume has near zero views. It is though the most transcendental of all, because only knowing death one can avoid it. Children can't understand death and think the world turn around them, as the first stage of Ss-consciousness, and emergence are the staple food of the Universe. While the wisest culture of death love most life. So we define death and go through its nirvana=extinction of all the scales of reality, ending in death in history
mankind confronts death -its superorganism corrupted by weapons and go(l)d.
Enzymen's science kills mankind an- the 99% but the elite is M.A.D...

It is emphasized, herein, that this era of pre-Ascension has involved bombardment of potent light energies of consciousness upon the potentially Ascending population of Earth that has created a demanding impetus upon Earth humanity, one that will eventually lead to mankind’s overall genetic evolution. And, due to the apparent lack of capability to accommodate such drastic energetics and their requisite changes in human physiognomy, mankind is practically faced with challenging situations that have led to the inception or augmentation of experience of further anxiety, stress, and pain. It is, therefore, incumbent on mankind to make an effort to better understand the nature of its energetics, physiognomy, and genetics, and seek avenues by which such discomforts may be alleviated, thus aiding the process of Ascension, and at the same time, making the challenges of day-to-day physical existence more bearable. It has been explicated, herein, that it is the heart that is the gateway to the higher dimensional consciousness and ethereal existence. As such, the heart, as an extremely sophisticated neurophysiological organ, serves as the emotional center and the focused location for intuitive intelligence, connecting us to our HIGHERSELF, and in turn, to the Unified Field and the Divine Mind of our Prime Creator. Furthermore, the heart is not just a pump supplying the body with blood via a cardiovascular-respiratory-circulatory system by which simply oxygen and nutrients are carried out throughout the body. Indeed, the heart epitomizes the main central neuro-cardiological center that counsels the brain through the afferent parasympathetic vagus nerve that sends ascending neurological signals to the subcortical portion of the brain by which the hypothalamus plays its dominant role in the decision-making process of the brain. Thus, in order to achieve a highly coherent coordination between our heart, brain and the autonomic nervous system, we are wise to embark on a form of emotional self-regulation that would eventually lead to efficient functioning of our neuro-cardiological system. It is explained, herein, that such coherence leading to proper functioning of our entire body is achieved through proper beating of the heart. In particular, this may be epitomized by efficient heart rate variability that ultimately culminates in vitality and our overall well-being. Ultimately, emotional self-regulation gives rise to coherence and better health, alleviating stress, anxiety, pain, leading to better cognition, with such improved physiological indicators as the heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability, better endocrine secretion, etc. In particular, positive thinking should be exercised as to set a new precedence or template for memory system against which the hypothalamus would weigh new challenging situations, leading to perseverance, resulting in comfort, prosperity, and general well-being.  And, when one encounters potentially highly challenging situations, direct and prompt intervention through effective breathing by a way of 6 breathing cycles per minutes is shown to result in optimal heart rate variability that is equivalent to a frequency of 0.1 Hz.

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[Last updated : 03/05/2019]
21 pages.
the first section (short bibliography) is in english, others sections (full bibliography) are in french.

a) travaux de Jean-Pierre Petit en astrophysique et cosmologie jusqu'à mi-2013
b1) la percée historique du modèle cosmologique JANUS de J.-P. Petit est décuplée depuis septembre 2013
b2) à partir de février 2019, des travaux indépendants citant le modèle Janus sont publiés dans des revues de haut niveau
b3) Interprétation selon le modèle Janus de l’objet au centre de la galaxie M87
c) interviews, vidéos, livres et conférences par J.P. Petit, en lien avec le modèle cosmologique Janus
d) Diffusion et communication sur le modèle Janus
e) travaux parallèles d’autres chercheurs en cosmologie proches de certains aspects du modèle Janus
f) critiques scientifiques du modèle Janus
g) conclusion provisoire

https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le_cosmologique_bi-m%C3%A9trique&oldid=155876606

~~~
a) Jean-Pierre Petit's papers in astrophysics and cosmology until mid-2013
b1) the historical breakthrough of the JANUS cosmological model since September 2013
b2) from February 2019, independent research papers citing the Janus model are published in high-level journals
b3) Interpretation according to the Janus model of the object at the center of the M87 galaxy
c) interviews, videos, books and lectures by J.P. Petit, related to the Janus cosmological model
d) Dissemination and communication on the Janus model
e) parallel work by other cosmological researchers related to aspects of the Janus model
f) scientific criticism of the Janus model
g) provisional conclusion

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bimetric_gravity&oldid=879702243

In Encyclopædia Britannica 2004, Ultimate Reference Suite DVD, we can read following: 
...”Thomas Samuel Kuhn, American historian of science noted for The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), one of the most influential works of history and philosophy written in the 20th century.”...

Zanista mirovan, gihîştiye asteke wisa ku bikare şiroveyên grîng liser gerdûnê bike. Gerdûna derveyî xeyalan, terikî û bêsînor. Stêrkên bêhejmar yên ku hûn li esmanê dibînin, tenê 3 hezar ji 300 milyar stêrkên kehkeşana Kadizê ne. Di gerdûnê da derdora 100 milyar kehkeşan hene. Mirovahî timotim jixwe pirs kiriye ku: Gelo ev gerdûn ji berê va jî wiha buye, yan jî her tişt ji cihekê û ji nişkava çêbuye. Têderxistin û keşfa vê yekê ku gerdûn bi derbasbûna demê ra berfireh dibe, di destpêka sedsala derbasbuyî da, bû sedema mitalan. Ligor keşfa fîzîkzanan, diviya ku gerdûn di dema berê da û ji mezinahiyeke pir biçûk va, jidayik bûba. Mijara ku behsa destpêka gerdûn û sosretbûna mezinahî û çawaniya avabûna wê dikir, mirovan xiste fikarên hûr û kûr, ku gelo destpêka gerdûnê çawa buye. Aniha piştî gelek lêkolîn û fikarên kûr, em gihîştine bersivek ku Big Bang jê ra tê gotin. Big Bang, çî ye? Ligor teoriya Big Bangê, gerdûn ji teqîna rûxar yan hecmeke pir biçûk ku mezinahiya wê ji kunên ser postên mirov jî biçûktire, bi germahî û baristeyeke pir pir mezin, destpê buye. Ligor vê teoriyê, pêkhatin û çêbûna fezayê, dişibe pifkirin û mezinkirina rûbara pifildankekê û madde jî di nav û rûbara derveyî fezaya ku berebere vedibe û berfirehtir dibe ne, wek zerreyên tozê ku li ser rûbara pifildankê ne, ev teqîn ne wek teqîna fezayeke vala ye belke feza jî tevî vê teqînê jidayik buye û di dema berfirebûn û vebûnê da jî, maddeya han bi xwe ra vediguhezîne. Li gor baweriya fîzîkzanan, dem jî bi Big Bang'ê ra, destpê buye. Piraniya zaniyaran, teoriya Big Bang'ê, pejirîne. Şirove û mînakên zanistî, pir pir zelal û eşkere bûn, loma jî di sala 1951'an, ofîsa dêra Katolîkan jî ragihand ku teoriya Big Bang'ê, li dijî pirtûka miqedes nîne. Heta despêka sedsala 19'an, xelk wisa dizanîn ku gerdûn, neguherbar û sabit e. Di sala 1915'an da dema ku Teoriya Nisbiya Einstein, behsa pêkhate û çawbûna feza, dem û cazibeyê kir, hingî dibêtiya haletên din jî, derket holê. Bi pêşkêşbûna teoriya nisbiyetê, îdî feza dikarî berfireh bibe yan jî were ser hev. Di sala 1917'an da, stêrnasek bi navê Willem de Sitter, teoriya nisbiyetê, esas girt û nîşan da ku gerdûn dikare berfireh bibe.

“Gravitons kill Aliens”
Adrian Ferent

“I am the first who explained the lack of extraterrestrial civilizations”
Adrian Ferent

“Gravitons emitted by Black Holes kill Aliens”
Adrian Ferent

I calculated: the graviton’s energy emitted by black holes is higher than: 
E = 4.14559 × 10^5 GeV

“Gravitational radiation is gravitons”
Adrian Ferent

“I am the first who explained Gravitational Radiation”
Adrian Ferent
“Scientists are looking for extraterrestrial civilizations, where is a high density of stars and planets, around Black Holes, like in the center of our galaxy.
It is the same thing like looking for forests in the Sahara desert because is big”
Adrian Ferent

“Looking at stars I realized how powerful is the Mind, to know where the extraterrestrial civilizations in our Milky Way galaxy are”
Adrian Ferent

Where to look for extraterrestrial civilizations?
“Extraterrestrial civilizations are on planets moving around stars far away from Black Holes”
Adrian Ferent

“Gravitational Radiation is the most dangerous because it travels the farthest and is the most penetrating”
Adrian Ferent

The number of civilizations in our galaxy, Drake equation.
Drake equation is wrong because Drake concluded that  N ≈ L, this means N is between 1000 and 100,000,000 civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy.

The Milky Way is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars.
This means the majority of stars do not have at least a planet with intelligent life.
The Milky Way is home to more than 100 million black holes.

“Black holes are Ferent matter”
Adrian Ferent

“There are not extraterrestrial civilizations in the center of our galaxy”
Adrian Ferent

“Around each Black hole there is a volume where can not exist civilizations, because of deadly gravitons emitted by Black hole”
Adrian Ferent

We have to look for extraterrestrial civilizations, only in the volume Vl, not in the entire Milky Way galaxy, like Drake equation and other equations do or how Asimov calculated.
The Fermi paradox is the apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence and high probability estimates for the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations.
There are billions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy that are similar to the Sun and no evidence of extraterrestrial civilizations.

“Why there is no evidence of extraterrestrial civilizations? Because gravitons emitted by black holes kill Aliens”
Adrian Ferent

“I found the answer to this question: why the Universe is so quiet and why we do not see UFOs?

There are only a small number of extraterrestrial civilizations in a galaxy; there are not extraterrestrial civilizations in the center of the galaxy where is the highest density of stars, there are not extraterrestrial civilizations around Black Holes”
Adrian Ferent

Pearlman SPIRAL first introduced Spring of 2013/5773 SPIRAL= Stars Preceded Inflation, their Redshifted Light Attests. 'SPI' = hyper-dense proto-galactic (Stellar) formation Preceded cosmic-Inflation expansion. If SPIRAL one would predict the vast body of empirical observations that is the prevalent cosmological redshift (CR) of distant starlight and the overall increase of that CR w/distance. SPIRAL's 'cosmological blue-shift offset' hypothesis helps explain why an overall increase, but not straight-line increase, of CR with distance.
So cosmic structures that are too distant from each other to cause the interaction we see they must have had, were in closer proximity in the past, as the universe transitioned from hyper-dense to mature size and density early in history. Yet these, like many other/most/all proto galactic structures were already present. Just as JWT is already confirming with some very distant, mature, structures, from early in history.
Helping solve the 'Hubble Tension' issue. 'RAL' = Cosmological Redshift of their Light-trails Attests to SPI. Those stellar objects having receded from us when subjected to that hyper cosmic expansion epoch. As by definition CR light arriving has been subjected to cosmic expansion.
There is no empirical evidence of any cosmic expansion post cosmic inflation expansion. So all the incoming CR light visible here and now emitted and subjugated to PAST cosmic expansion during cosmic inflation epoch, relatively early in the history. We predict within 4/365 (5782) a fraction of history of the universe to date. We also explain why the Years Ago (YA) is = to the Light Year (LY) distance of the nearest departure point, of any light arriving here and now, ever subjected to cosmic expansion. Which is under 50k LY, so under 50k years before present.
That is a cap. Factoring all the science: 5,781 to date is the minimum YA and LY, and sweet spot. L = Lagging Light-trails. Red-shifted light has decreased frequency, increased wavelength. As light subjected to cosmic expansion distancing, has an extended time till arrival, compared to light starting at the same distance, that doesn't encounter comic expansion, all else being equal.
The Moshe Emes series: Volume I is 'RCCF' Torah and Science Framework www.amazon.com/dp/B077Q4KB9V for understanding science in maximum available context. Volume II 'SPIRAL' cosmological model www.amazon.com/dp/B07DP4TBZ5 Volume III is 'Torah Discovery Chronology' www.amazon.com/dp/B074Q6MJYF the alignment of Torah Testimony and Ancient Civilization.

We consider the Universe deep inside the cell of uniformity. At these scales, the Universe is filled with inhomogeneously distributed discrete structures (galaxies, groups and clusters of galaxies), which perturb the background Friedmann model. Here, the mechanical approach (Eingorn & Zhuk, 2012) is the most appropriate to describe the dynamics of the inhomogeneities which is defined, on the one hand, by gravitational potentials of inhomogeneities and, on the other hand, by the cosmological expansion of the Universe. In this paper, we present additional arguments in favor of this approach. First, we estimate the size of the cell of uniformity. With the help of the standard methods of statistical physics and for the galaxies of the type of the Milky Way and Andromeda, we get that it is of the order of 190 Mpc which is rather close to observations. Then, we show that the nonrelativistic approximation (with respect to the peculiar velocities) is valid for $z \lesssim 10$, i.e. approximately for 13 billion years from the present moment. We consider scalar perturbations and, within the $\Lambda$CDM model, justify the main equations. Moreover, we demonstrate that radiation can be naturally incorporated into our scheme. This emphasizes the viability of our approach. This approach gives a possibility to analyze different cosmological models and compare them with the observable Universe. For example, we indicate some problematic aspects of the spatially flat models. Such models require a rather specific distribution of the inhomogeneities to get a finite potential at any points outside gravitating masses. We also criticize the application of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution to the description of the motion of test bodies on the cosmological background.

The EHT picture is wrong; this shows how Low is the level of knowledge of the Black Holes in universities, in research centers

“There is no Gravitational redshift around the Black Hole, around the Event horizon of the Black Hole in Ferent Quantum Gravity, like the red color in the EHT picture of the Black Hole”
Adrian Ferent

“All the photons interacting with Gravitons will fall inside the Black Hole. We will see only the photons which do not interact with Gravitons that is why we see the White light around the Black Hole, not the read light like in the EHT picture of the Black Hole”
Adrian Ferent

“We do not see the black Event horizon, like in the EHT picture”
Adrian Ferent

“Einstein supermassive Black Hole picture from EHT is Black and Red; Ferent supermassive Black Hole picture is White”
Adrian Ferent

“Ferent supermassive Black Hole picture is White; the EHT picture of the Black Hole is wrong, we do not see the black Event horizon because of the large luminosity as the result of gas and matter being accreted and we do not see the read light in the EHT picture around the Event horizon because at 3rs the Gravitational redshift does not exist”
Adrian Ferent

“You do not need a telescope to see a Black Hole, you need only an amazing brain to see it and a new Gravitation theory, Ferent Quantum Gravity”
Adrian Ferent

“At this distance, 26,000 light-years from Sgr A* the Gravitational flux on Earth is very small, but the Gravitons from Sgr A* destroy cells on Earth”
Adrian Ferent

“There are no Extraterrestrial civilizations in the center of our galaxy, because of Sgr A*”
Adrian Ferent

“Einstein gravitation theory is wrong and Ferent Quantum Gravity is right”
Adrian Ferent

The UCLA picture of a Black Hole is right and the EHT picture is wrong!
https://ucla.in/2NVbhCh

The scientists from UCLA are right!
‘The new findings are based on observations of the black hole — which is called Sagittarius A*, or Sgr A* — during four nights in April and May at the Keck Observatory. The brightness surrounding the black hole always varies somewhat, but the scientists were stunned by the extreme variations in brightness during that timeframe, including their observations on May 13.’

The energy of the Gravitons emitted by the Black Hole is much higher than the energy of the photons.

“All the photons interacting with Gravitons will fall inside the Black Hole. We will see only the photons which do not interact with Gravitons that is why we see the White light around the Black Hole, not the read light like in the EHT picture of the Black Hole”
Adrian Ferent

This means:

“There is no Gravitational redshift around the Black Hole, around the Event horizon of the Black Hole in Ferent Quantum Gravity, like the red color in the EHT picture of the Black Hole”
Adrian Ferent

That is why the EHT picture of the Black Hole is wrong.
This is another proof that:

“Einstein gravitation theory is wrong and Ferent Quantum Gravity is right”
Adrian Ferent

The read light in the EHT picture of the Black Hole is the Gravitational redshift around the Black Hole, at 3rs around the Event horizon of the Black Hole.

The EHT picture of the Black Hole is wrong:

The Schwarzschild radius rs of an object is proportional to the mass.
The Schwarzschild radius rs of the Sgr A*  is 12×10^6 km

  rs  = 2GM / c^2

Between rs and 3rs around the Event horizon in EHT picture is red light, it is the Gravitational redshift.

How I explained:

“All the photons interacting with Gravitons will fall inside the Black Hole. We will see only the photons which do not interact with Gravitons that is why we see the White light around the Black Hole, not the read light like in the EHT picture of the Black Hole”
Adrian Ferent

This means:
The read light in the EHT picture of the Black Hole, around the Event horizon is wrong.
That is why:

“The EHT picture of the Black Hole is wrong and Einstein gravitation theory is wrong”
Adrian Ferent

“The picture of the Black Hole is white not red like the EHT picture of the Black Hole”
Adrian Ferent

“I am the first who explained the Gravitational redshift”
Adrian Ferent

“We do not see the black Event horizon like in the EHT picture”
Adrian Ferent

“In Ferent Quantum Gravity the supermassive Black Hole picture is white because around it there are a lot of collisions between stars and planets. The large luminosity is the result of gas and matter being accreted by the supermassive Black Hole.”
Adrian Ferent

How easy was accepted the wrong EHT picture of the Black Hole by universities, research centers, peer-reviewed journals…

“The EHT picture of the Black Hole is wrong; this shows how Low is the level of knowledge of the Black Holes and Dark Matter in universities, research centers”
Adrian Ferent

“Einstein supermassive Black Hole is a Singularity; Ferent supermassive Black Hole has very small volume”
Adrian Ferent

The scientists from UCLA are wrong!
No danger to Earth
‘The black hole is some 26,000 light-years away and poses no danger to our planet. Do said the radiation would have to be 10 billion times as bright as what the astronomers detected to affect life on Earth.’

“Gravitons emitted by Black Holes kill Aliens”
Adrian Ferent

“The energy of the Gravitons inside a Black Hole, is much higher than the energy of  gluons”
Adrian Ferent

“At this distance, 26,000 light-years from Sgr A* the Gravitational flux on Earth is very small, but the Gravitons from Sgr A* destroy cells on Earth”
Adrian Ferent

“Gravitational Radiation is the most dangerous because it travels the farthest and is the most penetrating”
Adrian Ferent

“I am the first who explained the lack of extraterrestrial civilizations”
Adrian Ferent

“Extraterrestrial civilizations are on planets moving around stars far away from Black Holes”
Adrian Ferent

“There are no Extraterrestrial civilizations in the center of our galaxy, because of Sgr A*”
Adrian Ferent

Conclusions

“Einstein supermassive Black Hole picture from EHT is Black and Red; Ferent supermassive Black Hole picture is White”
Adrian Ferent

This is another proof that:

“Einstein gravitation theory is wrong and Ferent Quantum Gravity is right”
Adrian Ferent

250. I am the first who discovered that we do not see the black Event horizon, like in the EHT picture

251. I am the first who discovered that Einstein supermassive Black Hole picture from EHT is Black and Red; Ferent supermassive Black Hole picture is White

253. I am the first who discovered that the EHT picture of the Black Hole is wrong; this shows how Low is the level of knowledge of the Black Holes and Dark Matter in universities, research centers

254. I am the first who discovered that at this distance, 26,000 light-years from Sgr A* the Gravitational flux on Earth is very small, but the Gravitons from Sgr A* destroy cells on Earth

255. I am the first who discovered that there are no Extraterrestrial civilizations in the center of our galaxy, because of Sgr A*

256. I am the first who discovered that Einstein gravitation theory is wrong and Ferent Quantum Gravity is right

The present work is devoted to studying the dynamical evolution of galaxies in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and its relationship with the MOND paradigm. This study is useful for giving meaning to the presence of a new gravitational constant. The stability of dark matter is strongly dependent on matter density. We are interested in calculating the maximum rotational velocity of galaxies. We show that rotating galaxies can be described by a new parameter that depends both on the minimum value of scalar fields and on the effective mass of this field. According to observational data, we have shown that this parameter is a constant.