You Shall Have No Other Gods: The Book of Exodus

illustrations by taMi Palladino

YOU SHALL HAVE NO OTHER GODS THE BOOK OF EXODUS LOOK AT A LESSON

Imprimatur

X Most Reverend William Joensen, Ph.D. Bishop of Des Moines

June 29, 2023

The nihil obstat and imprimatur are official declarations that a book or pamphlet is free of doctrinal or moral error. No implication is contained therein that those who have granted the nihil obstat or imprimatur agree with the contents, opinions, or statements expressed.

Copyright 2023 by Turning to God’s Word. All rights reserved.

Psalms references are to The Abbey Psalms and Canticles, prepared by the monks of Conception Abbey copyright 2010, 2018 United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Washington, D.C. All rights reserved. Used with permission.

All other Scripture quotations are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible—Second Catholic Edition (Ignatius Edition) copyright 2006 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-0-9895756-9-0

check out our online study pages for additional resources related to this catholic bible study.

And God spoke all these words, saying, “I Am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I the Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing mercy to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.”

—the book of Exodus 20:1–6

YOU SHALL HAVE NO OTHER GODS THE

BOOK OF EXODUS

1 These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob, each with his household: 2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, 3 Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin, 4 Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. 5 All the offspring of Jacob were seventy persons; Joseph was already in Egypt. 6 Then Joseph died, and all his brothers, and all that generation. 7 But the descendants of Israel were fruitful and increased greatly; they multiplied and grew exceedingly strong; so that the land was filled with them.

8 Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. 9 And he said to his people, “Behold, the sons of Israel are too many and too mighty for us. 10 Come, let us deal shrewdly with them, lest they multiply, and, if war befall us, they join our enemies and fight against us and escape from the land.” 11 Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with heavy burdens; and they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses. 12 But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and the more they spread abroad. And the Egyptians were in dread of the sons of Israel. 13 So they made the sons of Israel serve with rigor, 14 and made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of work in the field; in all their work they made them serve with rigor.

15 Then the king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, 16 “When you serve as midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the birthstool, if it is a son, you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, she shall live.” 17 But the midwives feared God, and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them, but let the male children live. 18 So the king of Egypt called the midwives, and said to them, “Why have you done this, and let the male children live?” 19 The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous and are delivered before the midwife comes to them.” 20 So God dealt well with the midwives; and the people multiplied and grew very strong. 21 And because the midwives feared God he gave them families. 22 Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, “Every son that is born to the Hebrews you shall cast into the Nile, but you shall let every daughter live.”

the more the people are oppressed, the more they multiply

Link to a free lesson video and other study materials at turningtogodsword.com

he Old Testament book of Exodus intersperses details pertaining to God’s covenant laws with stirring narrative describing how the Lord delivered the descendants of Jacob out of slavery in Egypt. This dramatic account inspired Cecil B. DeMille’s 1956 epic religious film The Ten Commandments. The first chapter in the book of Exodus sets the stage for the birth of Moses, whose arrival on the scene as a male Hebrew baby automatically condemns him to death—yet he survives in the first miraculous event connected to the Exodus. God’s commitment to the covenant made with the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob is an underlying theme in the book, and the Lord’s rescue of the sons of Israel (Jacob’s descendants) is presented as evidence of God’s great love for their forebears. What situations can you point to in your own life that demonstrate God’s love for you? What points to God’s unwavering love for all of humanity? From what do you think such great love stems?

1

Read the book of Exodus 1:1–5. The 70 persons referred to as offspring of Jacob can trace their lineage directly to the patriarch. What reason might the author of the book of Exodus have for focusing on Jacob’s direct descendants? How did Joseph come to be in Egypt before his family moved there from the land of Canaan? If necessary, refer to the final 14 chapters in the book of Genesis.

ex.o.dus a way out

2

Read the book of Exodus 1:6–7. What information does this passage suggest about how long the descendants of Jacob had been living in Egypt? What does it disclose about how the Israelites have fared during their sojourn there?

3

Read the book of Exodus 1:8. Egyptian monarchs at the time of Moses called themselves “pharaohs,” a title that the author of the book of Exodus switches to later in this chapter. What might the author of the biblical text mean by recording that there is a new king in Egypt who did not know Joseph? Consider whether the author is implying that the pharaoh never had heard of Joseph.

4

Read the book of Exodus 1:9–10. According to the biblical text, how does Pharaoh regard the sons of Israel who are living in Egypt? What does he fear that the Israelites might do in the event that Egypt were to go to war with another nation? Pharaoh also expresses concern about the Israelites continuing to multiply. Why might the fruitfulness of the Hebrews be of particular concern to Pharaoh? What does this fruitfulness suggest about God’s people?

The English title for the book of Exodus comes from the ancient Greek (exodos), combining ex-, meaning “out,” and -hodós, meaning “path” or “road.” Exodus literally is a “way out.” The biblical text describes how the Lord, through a series of dramatic events, leads the descendants of Jacob out of slavery in Egypt. As important as the original Exodus was for the Hebrews, it was equally meaningful later for Jews who saw it as foreshadowing their return from the Babylonian Exile. Christians see it as foreshadowing Jesus leading his followers out of bondage to sin and death and into the new Promised Land of eternal life.

5Read the book of Exodus 1:11–12. How does Pharaoh decide to oppress the sons of Israel? Consider whether oppressing God’s people is the best way to minimize any threat they might pose to the Egyptians. What effect does the oppression by the Egyptians have on the families of the sons of Israel? The biblical text records that the sons of Israel spread abroad, indicating that they spread out over Egypt. What effect does this have on the Egyptians?

6Read the book of Exodus 1:13–14. What tasks do the Egyptians give the sons of Israel to perform? Look up the meaning of the word “rigor,” which is used twice in this passage to describe the way in which the Egyptians forced the sons of Israel to do a variety of servile tasks. What does this word “rigor” disclose about the relationship between the sons of Israel and the Egyptians?

christian connection

an ancient book that remains relevant today

A few people debate whether the events described in the book of Exodus actually happened—also disagreeing about who recorded these events, when, and why. There is no question, however, that extremely unusual occurrences surely must have shaped the way in which the Hebrews and later the Jews thought about God. The book of Exodus lays the foundation for how Christians relate to God and to God’s commandments. Catholics understand the sacrament of the Eucharist in light of the way religious sacrifices are described in the book of Exodus.

sons & tribes of israel

In Hebrew language the title Exodus is (shemōt), which translates as “Names” and is taken from the book of Exodus 1:1: ”These are the names of the sons of Israel, who came to Egypt with Jacob .” The actual names are listed in the book of Genesis 46:8–27.

Books of Scripture and Church encyclicals often are given titles based on the first word or words in the text. “Names” is not terribly relevant to the work’s meaning, which is why this book later started to be called the book of Exodus

Other biblical texts are inconsistent in naming the 12 tribes descended from Jacob’s sons. Descendants of Levi often are omitted, and Joseph sometimes is replaced by his sons Ephraim and Manasseh, who occasionally are then referred to as half-tribes.

the children of israel go down to egypt *

7 Read the book of Exodus 1:15–16. In this passage, Pharaoh decides on a new policy regarding the sons of Israel. What is that policy, and how might the Hebrews be expected to react to it? Why might the author have chosen to include the names of the midwives Pharaoh instructed to carry out his policy? Consider why male and female babies are to be treated differently.

what do we know about the egyptians ?

8

Read the book of Exodus 1:17–19. How do the Hebrew midwives Shiphrah and Puah react to Pharaoh’s edict? What does the text suggest is motivating them to behave in a way that might put their lives in danger? How do Shiphrah and Puah respond when Pharaoh questions why they have been allowing male Hebrew babies to live? Consider whether it is likely that Pharaoh considers their explanation to be feasible.

9

Read the book of Exodus 1:20–21. The author discloses that God seems to approve of the midwives’ actions. What specifically does God do for the people to indicate his approval? What specifically does he do for the midwives to indicate his approval? What does this suggest about the way in which Christians should respond to issues of life and death in the present day? What problems arise when humanity attempts to take control over life and death?

Most Christians are familiar with events described in the book of Exodus, but the familial relationship between the Hebrews and the Egyptians often is overlooked. Descendants of Jacob are Hebrews, taking their name from Eber, great-grandson of Noah’s son Shem. The Egyptians are descendants of Egypt, son of Ham and grandson of Noah. The genealogies of Noah’s sons— Shem, Ham, and Japheth—are recorded in the tenth chapter in the book of Genesis.

god is the lord of life

The book of Exodus 1:15–20 recounts the reactions of Hebrew midwives to Pharaoh’s edict that all male Hebrew babies were to be killed. Lurking just under the surface of that edict is the notion that giving birth to a male child is somehow more desirable than bringing a girl baby into the world.

Plenty examples of this sort of thinking continue to beset humanity. Consider what may have prompted Pharaoh to wish to eliminate male Hebrew children but not the females. Why might he have expected such a policy to give him more control over the descendants of Jacob?

There is more to the story. Scripture abounds with instances in which men and women decide to get involved in life-and-death issues without taking God’s will into consideration.

The Lord’s interest in maintaining control over these areas of human existence can be seen as far back as the book of Genesis 3:22–24, in which God expels Adam and Eve from the garden of Eden to prevent them eating from the tree of life.

Arrogant human behavior surrounding life-anddeath issues also can be seen at work in the present day. In all cases, God is not pleased when humanity ignores the fifth of the Ten Commandments, found in the book of Exodus 20:13 and repeated in the book of Deuteronomy 5:17: “You shall not kill.”

Paragraph 2258 in the Catechism of the Catholic Church focuses on Catholic teaching: “Human life is sacred because from its beginning it involves the creative action of God and it remains for ever in a special relationship with the Creator, who is its sole end. God alone is the Lord of life from its beginning until its end: No one can under any circumstance claim for himself the right directly to destroy an innocent human being.”

In the first chapter in the book of Exodus, the midwives who oppose Pharaoh’s edict are rewarded with families, considered a blessing in the ancient world. Shiphrah and Puah also receive the distinction of being among the few women whose names are recorded in Scripture.

when did the exodus occur?

The book of Exodus 1:8 quickly informs readers that it is set during a time when a new king had arisen in Egypt, one “who did not know Joseph.” Scholars have found it extremely difficult to determine which king (pharaoh) might be referred to in the opening chapter, making it difficult to pin down an exact date for the events described.

The primary contenders for ruler at the time of the Exodus are Ramses II (often spelled Rameses or Ramesses) or his father, Seti I. Most scholars now think the Exodus began sometime between 1270 and 1250 bc, though a few hold to an earlier date of 1440 bc.

The book of Exodus picks up the story of salvation history where the book of Genesis left off—with the family of the patriarch Jacob settling in Egypt during a famine. The last 14 chapters in the book of Genesis recount how Jacob’s son Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers but then rose to great success in Egypt.

of moses

who wrote the book of exodus ?

Authorship of the first five books in the Old Testament traditionally has been attributed to Moses, but the description of Moses’ own death and burial in the book of Deuteronomy 34:1–8 presents a logical problem.

In the mid-1800s, biblical scholars postulated that the book of Exodus—and the books of Genesis, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy— may be compilations of four different versions of events. These are labeled J (Yahwist—referring to God as Yahweh or Lord), E (Elohist—referring

to God by the more generic term Elohim), D (Deuteronomist—focusing on the Old Covenant), and P (Priestly—displaying a strong interest in Hebrew liturgy and religious ritual).

Most scholars accept some version of this Documentary Hypothesis, although no ancient documents supporting it have been located. J sections are thought to be the oldest, dating to the 10th or 9th century bc, with E written after 900 bc, D compiled between the 7th and 6th centuries bc., and P added during the 6th and 5th centuries bc

egypt & the land of canaan at the time

index of scripture citations

index of scripture citations continued

index of scripture citations continued*

Proverbs 1:1—31:31

Ecclesiastes 1:1—12:14

Song of Solomon 1:1—8:14

Wisdom 1:1—19:20

Sirach 1:1—51:30

1:1—66:24

Lamentations 1:1—5:22 Baruch 1:1—6:73

1:1—21:25

Ruth 1:1—4:22

1 Samuel 1:1—31:13

2 Samuel 1:1—24:25

7:1–17

1 Kings 1:1—22:53

2 Kings 1:1—25:30 17:29–33

1 Chronicles 1:1—29:30

6:1–81

2 Chronicles 1:1—36:23

Ezra 1:1—10:44

Nehemiah 1:1—13:31

Tobit 1:1—14:15

Judith 1:1—16:25

Esther 1:1—11:1

Job 1:1—42:17

*Psalms 1:1—150:6 29:1–11

*Psalms reflect the numbering system followed in The Abbey Psalms and Canticles. Numbering in other translations may vary.

**Psalm 51:12–13 (The Abbey Psalms & NABRE) = Psalm 51:10–11 (RSV2CE) 110

index of topics

Aaron: A Mouth for Moses—22

Aaron Is Moses’ Prophet—36

Adapting God’s Law to the Times—91

All Can Benefit from Counsel—76

Allow Yourself to Be Guided by God’s Messengers—95

‘All That the Lord Has Spoken We Will Do’—81

An Ancient Book That Remains Relevant Today—7

And Moses Entered the Cloud—96

And Moses Said, ‘Remember This Day’—55

‘… And There Came Out This Calf’—120

And This Shall Be the Sign—16

Angel—18

Anoint—112

Anthropomorphic—17

Approaching God Is an Uphill Climb—81

Are There No Graves in Egypt?—62

The Ark of the Covenant (illustration)—127

Atonement—115

Baptism Is God’s Rescue of Humanity—63

The Battle with Amalek—71

Blood As a Fitting Symbol—96

Blood As an Important Sign of the Covenant—52

The Blood of the Covenant (92–96)

Bondage—14

A Breastpiece of Judgment—106

Bricks & Straw—26

Cattle—42

The Children of Israel Go Down to Egypt (chart)—7

Christ Is the Light of the World—51

Circumcision—23

Compassion for Those Enslaved—91

A Confusing Passage—90

Consecrate—57

Consecration of Aaron & His Sons (108–112)

Covenant—80

A Debt Still Is Owed to God—57

Deliverance Through the Red Sea (58–63)

Despite the People’s Sin, the lOrd Renews His Covenant (123–128)

Discriminatory Plagues—41

Egypt & the Land of Canaan at the Time of Moses (map)—9

Egypt’s Gods Cannot Compete with the Lord—42

Egypt’s Reliance on the Nile River—37

The Elders Saw the Lord—94

Ephod—105

Evil—27

Exodus—6

Faith Is Not a Solitary Pursuit—24

Final Plague: Death of the Firstborn (53–57)

First Encounter with Pharaoh—28

First Plague: The Nile Is Turned to Blood (34–37)

400 or 430 Years Living in Egypt?—56

Freewill Offerings—132

Genealogy—30

The Genealogy of the Sons of Levi (chart)—31

Glory—144

The Glory of the lOrd (139–145)

God Always Is Paying Attention—14

God Asks the Israelites to Make a Sanctuary (97–101)

God Emphasizes Some Commandments—128

God Fills Bezalel with His Own Spirit—117

God Hears His People Groaning (10–14)

God Is the Lord of Life—8

God Keeps Repeating That He Is the Lord—33

God Leads the Israelites Out of Egypt (map)—56

God Leads the Israelites Through the Red Sea (map)—60

The God of the Patriarchs—31

God Rains Down Bread from Heaven—72

God Remembers His Covenant (29–33)

index of topics continued

God Responds to Humility—47

God Reveals His Name: ‘I am whO I am’ (15–19)

God’s Anger Was Kindled Against Moses—22

God Sends Aaron to Help Moses (20–24)

God’s Firstborn—23

God Speaks to Moses on the Mountain (78–81)

God’s People Despoil the Egyptians—57

God’s People Remain Set Apart—41

God Still Speaks to His People—79

God Wants to Dwell with His People—101

A Golden Altar of Incense—116

The Golden Calf (118–122)

The Golden Calf (illustration)—121

Graciousness—127

Graven Image—85

A Hard-Hearted Egyptian Ruler—40

Have the Hebrews in Egypt Been Sacrificing to the Lord?—27

Hebrew Foremen Are Beaten—28

Hebrews—11

Holy Garments for the Priests (102–107)

Holy to the Lord: Why Aaron & Not Moses?—142

Idolatry—120

The Israelites Saw & Believed—63

It Was a Night of Watching—55

Keeping the Sabbath Matters—116

A Lamp to Burn Continually—107

The Laver of Bronze—115

Leaven—50

Life & Death Issues Are at the Center of Christianity—36

Lord God—46

The Lord Institutes a Perpetual Priesthood—144

The Lord Is Gloriously Triumphant—67

The Lord Is His Name—66

The Lord Travels with His People—143

Love & Mercy—83

The Magicians Recognize the Finger of God at Work—40

Make a Joyful Noise—66

A Man Caught Between Two Worlds—12

Manna from Heaven & Water from the Rock (68–73)

Massah & Meribah in the Wilderness of Sin (map)—71

Mercy—132

A Midianite Who Respects the Lord—76

Miracle—21

Modern Idols—122

The More the People Are Oppressed, the More They Multiply (4–9)

Moses’ Anger Burns Hot—121

Moses Asks to See God’s Glory—126

Moses Encounters the Lord at the Burning Bush (map)—19

Moses Erects the Tabernacle—142

Moses Flees from Pharaoh to the Land of Midian (map)—12

Moses Is a Judge—77

Moses Is 40 Days & 40 Nights on the Mountain with God (map)—94

Moses Offers Sacrifice—94

Moses Pleads for God to Spare the People—121

Moses Receives Wise Counsel (74–77)

Moses Strikes the Rock for Water—73

Moses Takes the Bones of Joseph Out of Egypt—60

Moses Veils His Shining Face—128

The Most Valuable Thing in the Tabernacle—137

A Mystifying Passage About Life & Death—23

The Name of the Lord (illustration)—17

Obeisance—75

Offerings Are a Type of Sacrifice—133

Oppression—19

Ordinance—67

Ordination—110

The Pattern of the Tabernacle (diagram)—156

The People Are Enthusiastic About Giving—133

The People Begin Constructing the Tabernacle (129–133)

The People Encamp at the Mountain of God (map)—77

The People Murmur Against Moses—65

The People Refuse to Listen—31

The People’s Cry Came Up to God—12

The People Were Borne on Eagles’ Wings—80

Pharaoh Does Not Know the lOrd (25–28)

Pharaoh’s Hardened Heart—36

Pharaoh Thinks He Is a God—51

Pharaoh Waffles in His Decisions—46

A Pillar of Cloud & a Pillar of Fire—61

Plague—35

A Plague of Darkness & a Final Warning (48–52)

Plagues Against Egypt Bypass Goshen (map)—41

The Plagues Become Increasingly Damaging—47

Plagues of Boils, Hail & Locusts (43–47)

Plagues of Frogs, Gnats, Flies & a Plague upon the Cattle (38–42)

The Possibility of Other Gods—84

Practical Application of the Law of the Covenant (86–91)

A Prediction: Pharaoh Will Change His Tune—33

The Priesthood Is Doomed from the Start—122

The Priests Are Bound in Service to the Lord—111

The Purpose of the Memorial—51

Questions About Time & Space—80

Redeem—33

Remembering Our Baptismal Promises—62

Repetition Can Be a Good Thing—136

Respect Those Who Are Ordained—111

Restitution—90

The Rest of the Pentateuch Continues the Story of God’s Chosen People—145

Rules About Gathering Manna—72

Sabbath—84

Sacred Spaces Have Value—137

Sacrifice—52

Salvation—61

Sanctuary—101

Sapphire—95

Scripture Discrepancies—143

Serpent—37

Serpents, Leprosy & Blood—24

Servant—26

Serving Other Gods Surely Is a Snare—95

Shekels & Bekas & Talents—136

Sin—45

Sin Offerings, Burnt Offerings & Peace Offerings—112

So How Are Christians to Behave?—91

Sojourner—13

Song of Moses & Song of Miriam (64–67)

Sons & Tribes of Israel—7

Sons of Israel—32

The Sons of Israel Left Egypt Equipped for Battle—62

Standing on Holy Ground—18

Statute—116

Stones That Represent the Sons of Israel—105

Strength of the Hand of the Lord—56

Tabernacle in the Wilderness (illustration)—138

The Tabernacle Is Completed (134–138)

The Tabernacle Points to God’s Love—156

The Ten Commandments (82–85)

The Ten Commandments Are Not Ten Suggestions—85

Test—71

‘Thus Says the Lord’—45

Traditional & Alternate Routes for the Exodus (map)—143

Transgression—93

Trust in God Indicates Faith—73

Two Different Kinds of Water—66

A Type of Baptism in the Bulrushes—13

Urim & Thummim—106

Vestments for the High Priest (illustration)—106

Vestments Made for Glory & Beauty—107

Washing at the Door—110

What Does the New Covenant Mean to You?—126

What Do We Know About the Egyptians?—8

What Indicates Knowledge of the Lord?—27

What in God’s Name Is Going On?—17

What Is a Libation?—112

What Is the New Covenant?—32

What Makes a Place Sacred?—100

When Did the Exodus Occur?—9

Where Did the Israelites Cross the Red Sea?—60

Where Is God Taking Humanity?—145

Where Is the Mountain of God?—19

Where the Israelites Finally Settle in the Promised Land (map)—145

Whoever Has Sinned, God Will Blot from His Book—120

Who Is This Priest of Midian?—18

The Whole Congregation Murmurs Against Moses—70

Who Made Moses a Prince & a Judge?—11

Who Wrote the Book of Exodus?—9

Why Does the Genealogy of Levi Matter?—32

Why Do Priests Offer Sacrifice?—105

Why Tabernacle Details Matter—138

Why the Altar Has Horns—117

Women at Wells—14

Worship Instructions; God Chooses His Artisans (113–117)

related church teaching catechism

CCC 121 (page 14): The indispensable nature of the divinely inspired Old Testament.

CCC 143 (page 73): A discussion of obedience of faith as it applies to Christians.

CCC 144 (pages 35, 76 & 93): An explanation of the link between listening and the obedience of faith.

CCC 207 (page 18): Teaching that in revealing his name God reveals his eternal faithfulness.

CCC 208: That the mysterious presence of God leads man to discover his own insignificance.

CCC 238 (page 24): That the Christian meaning of God as Father is related to God’s Hebrew identity.

CCC 302: Teaching that the world was not created in a state of perfection but is journeying toward it.

CCC 332: The presence of angels throughout salvation history.

CCC 404: How the sin of Adam is transmitted as original sin to all men and women.

CCC 433: That the high priest invoked the name of the Lord once a year for atonement of sin.

CCC 436: The meaning of the Greek word Christ and its relationship to the Hebrew word Messiah.

CCC 441: Various ways that the term son of God is used in the Old Testament.

CCC 457–460: The four positive effects for humanity that result from Jesus’ Incarnation.

CCC 555: A discussion of the meaning of Jesus’ Transfiguration.

CCC 608: The relationship between the Lamb of God and the Suffering Servant.

CCC 613: The two sacrificial meanings connected with the death of Jesus.

CCC 659: What is implied when Jesus ascends into heaven in a cloud.

CCC 691 (page 61): The proper way to address the third person of the Blessed Trinity.

CCC 694: Church teaching regarding water as a symbol of Baptism.

CCC 695: Anointing with oil as a symbol of the coming of the Holy Spirit.

CCC 696 (page 61): Fire as a symbol of the transforming power of the Holy Spirit.

CCC 697 (pages 61, 96 & 144): Why cloud and light are used as images of the Holy Spirit.

CCC 698: The three sacraments that leave an indelible mark on Christians.

CCC 699: The symbolism connected with the laying on of hands.

CCC 702 (page 61):The presence and action of the Holy Spirit is hidden in the Old Testament.

CCC 705 (page 144): The difference between image and likeness.

CCC 708: The law given by God to lead men and women to Jesus Christ.

CCC 760: The startling teaching that the world was created for the sake of the Church.

CCC 783 (page 108): That Jesus Christ has been anointed priest, prophet, and king.

CCC 811: The four characteristic marks that distinguish the Church.

CCC 1008: The covenant with God that stipulates death as a consequence of sin.

CCC 1093 (page 55): That Church liturgy retains elements of Old Testament worship practices.

CCC 1150 (page 52): The Church’s view that the Old Covenant prefigures the New.

CCC 1214 (page 116): How Baptism symbolizes dying with Christ and rising with him to new life.

CCC 1288 (page 117): About the imposition of hands as the origin of the sacrament of Confirmation.

CCC 1289 (page 144): That Christians are marked as being anointed in the Holy Spirit.

CCC 1324 (page 72): Benefits that accrue from participation in the sacrament of the Eucharist.

CCC 1363 (page 51): Church teaching about the meaning of the word “memorial” in Scripture.

CCC 1539: About the special rite of consecration for priests in the Old Testament.

CCC 1548 (page 111): Jesus as the source of all priestly acts in both the Old and New Testaments.

CCC 1820 (page 145): Teaching that the Beatitudes point Christians to the hope of heaven.

CCC 1831 (page 117): The Church’s list of gifts given to humanity by the Holy Spirit.

CCC 1857–1859: Paragraphs that explain the conditions of mortal sin.

CCC 1867: Church teaching regarding the “sins that cry to heaven.”

CCC 2042 (pages 84 & 116): The first three obligatory precepts of the Church.

CCC 2042–2043 (page 128): A listing of all of the obligatory precepts of the Church.

CCC 2043 (page 132): The fourth and fifth obligatory precepts of the Church.

CCC 2058: Church teaching that the Ten Commandments sum up and proclaim God’s law.

CCC 2068 (page 85): That the Ten Commandments are obligatory for Christians.

CCC 2072 (page 82): Church teaching regarding the Ten Commandments as grave obligations.

CCC 2085: What it is that humanity gains when God reveals his glory.

CCC 2113 (pages 84 & 122): Church teaching that idolatry presents a constant temptation.

CCC 2130: Old Testament exceptions to the rule about not making religious images.

CCC 2141 (page 83): That the veneration of sacred images by Christians is based on the Incarnation.

CCC 2168–2188 (page 117): A Catechism section that examines the third commandment.

CCC 2170 (page 55): That the Lord’s day memorializes Israel’s liberation from bondage.

CCC 2171: How keeping the sabbath is a sign of humanity’s irrevocable covenant with God.

CCC 2172 (page 116): Teaching that God’s example of sabbath rest is a model for humanity.

CCC 2174 (page 112): Church teaching about why Christian worship is on the first day of the week.

CCC 2196: Which of the Ten Commandments are reflected in Jesus’ call to love our neighbors.

CCC 2199 (page 84): That the fourth commandment addresses universal family relationships.

CCC 2200: The reward associated with observing the commandment to honor our parents.

CCC 2214: That the divine fatherhood of God underlies the fourth commandment.

CCC 2257: The danger to societies that ignore the Gospel message.

CCC 2258 (page 8): That human life is sacred due to its connection to the creative nature of God.

CCC 2261: That the Church is morally opposed to the sin of murder.

CCC 2267 (page 90): Updated Church teaching opposed to the use of the death penalty.

CCC 2330: Teaching that cultivating peace in all things is lauded as essential to holiness.

CCC 2400: That misuse of sex is seen as a grave offense to the dignity of marriage.

CCC 2414 (pages 90 & 91): Church teaching forbidding anything that leads to enslavement.

CCC 2463: How Scripture encourages Christians to treat the poor with generosity and love.

CCC 2504: What allows Christians to keep from bearing false witness.

CCC 2513: That sacred art is intended to reflect and express the beauty of God.

CCC 2533: Church teaching connecting modesty with purity of heart.

CCC 2565 (page 27): That in the New Covenant prayer is the living relationship with God.

CCC 2574 (page 27): That the prayer of Moses is a striking example of his role as mediator.

CCC 2575 (pages 16 & 27): That God’s call from the burning bush is a primordial image of prayer.

CCC 2576 (page 27): Regarding Moses’ relationship with God as an image of contemplative prayer.

CCC 2577 (page 27): Church teaching that Moses’ strength is drawn from his relationship with God.

CCC 2583: The view that Elijah, like Moses, hides his face in order for God to pass by him.

CCC 2666 (page 18): That Jesus’ name contains everything important to know about Jesus.

CCC 2728: Suggestions for overcoming common obstacles to prayer.

CCC 2795: Heaven as it relates to the covenant between God and humanity.

CCC 2810: That from the covenant at Mount Sinai onward, the Israelites are God’s own people.

CCC 2836: That “today” prayed in the Our Father refers to both human and divine time.

all Scripture is inspired by God

All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work.

Second Letter to Timothy 3:16–17