Roy Moore
Prior offices
Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice
Elections and appointments
Contact
Roy Moore (Republican Party) was the Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court.
Moore (Republican Party) ran for election to the U.S. Senate to represent Alabama. He lost in the Republican primary on March 3, 2020.
Moore was a 2017 special election candidate seeking election to the U.S. Senate from Alabama.[1] After defeating Luther Strange (R) in the Republican primary runoff election on September 26, 2017, Moore lost in the general election to former U.S. attorney Doug Jones (D) on December 12, 2017.[2]
Moore served two separate stints as chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court and left office both times after he was suspended. The first term was from 2001 to 2003. Moore first gained national attention for refusing to remove a monument he had installed of the Ten Commandments from the state courthouse despite contrary orders from a federal judge. He was suspended from the bench in 2003 and subsequently removed from the court by the Alabama Court of the Judiciary.
He was elected as chief justice a second time in 2012.[3] He succeeded Chief Justice Charles Malone. Moore's term was originally set to expire in 2019, but he resigned on April 26, 2017, in order to run in the special election for U.S. Senate.[4]
Prior to his resignation, Moore was suspended in May 2016 based on ethics charges brought by the Alabama Judicial Inquiry Commission. He stood trial before the Alabama Court of the Judiciary on September 28, 2016, on the charges that provoked his May 2016 suspension.[5] The court of the judiciary suspended Moore for the remainder of his term rather than remove him from the bench entirely a second time. Moore appealed the suspension to the Alabama Supreme Court, and the court upheld the suspension on April 19, 2017.[6][7]
In 2016, the charges against him related to a January 6 administrative order he issued to Alabama probate judges affirming their duty to follow the law as decided by the Alabama Supreme Court rather than by the United States Supreme Court in Obergefell v. Hodges.[8] His order stated that the previous orders of the Alabama Supreme Court that the state's probate judges not issue same-sex marriage licenses "remain in full force and effect."[9]
Education
Moore received his undergraduate degree from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1969 and his J.D. from the University of Alabama School of Law in 1977.[3]
Military service
Following his graduation from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, Moore served in the United States Army at Fort Benning, Georgia, and Illesheim, Germany, before being deployed to Vietnam. Moore was company commander of his military police unit.
Career
Elections
2020
See also: United States Senate election in Alabama, 2020
United States Senate election in Alabama, 2020 (March 3 Republican primary)
United States Senate election in Alabama, 2020 (March 3 Democratic primary)
General election
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
Republican primary runoff election
Democratic primary election
The Democratic primary election was canceled. Incumbent Doug Jones advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Alabama.
Republican primary election
Withdrawn or disqualified candidates
2017
Election results
General election
| U.S. Senate, Alabama general election, December 12, 2017 |
| Party |
Candidate |
Vote % |
Votes |
| |
Democrat |
 Doug Jones |
50% |
673,896 |
| |
Republican |
Roy Moore |
48.3% |
651,972 |
| |
Independent |
Write-in |
1.7% |
22,852 |
| Total Votes |
1,348,720 |
| Source: Alabama Secretary of State |
- See also: United States Senate special election in Alabama, 2017
Former U.S. attorney Doug Jones (D) defeated former Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore (R) in the general election on December 12, 2017.[10] Jones topped Moore by 1.7 points, 50 percent to 48.3 percent.[11] It was the only congressional special election in 2017 to result in a flipped seat.
Moore did not concede the race and said he considered requesting a recount.[12]
Why was there no recount?
Under Alabama law, a recount is automatically ordered when a candidate wins by no more than 0.5 percent of all votes cast for the office. Jones led Moore by 1.5 percentage when the count was unofficial.
A recount could also be requested by the losing candidate in some races, but he must pay for the costs.[13] Alabama Secretary of State John Merrill estimated that the process would cost $1 to $1.5 million.[14] The relevant state statutes also suggested that candidates for the U.S. Congress cannot petition for recounts.[15]
Was there a delay in the certification of results because of voter fraud claims?
No. On December 27, 2017, Moore filed a complaint alleging potential voter fraud. His complaint stated the higher voter turnout in Jefferson County was anomalous and that out-of-state voters had participated in the election. Alabama Secretary of State John Merrill (R) said the following morning that Moore's complaint would not affect Jones' certification, which proceeded that afternoon.[16][17]
When was Jones sworn in?
The state certified the election results on December 28, 2017. Jones was sworn in on January 3, 2018, when the U.S. Senate returned from winter recess.[18][19]
What happened in the final weeks of the race?
In December 2017, Moore regained some support in public opinion polls—leading or tying Jones in six of the nine polls released that month—and from his own party, in the aftermath of sexual misconduct and assault allegations against him. President Donald Trump (R) endorsed Moore on December 4, 2017, and the Republican National Committee reinstated its fundraising agreement with him on the same day.[20] McConnell maintained, however, that Moore would face an ethics inquiry if he were seated in the Senate.[21] For more on the responses to the allegations, please see the timeline of reactions to the allegations.
By the end of November, Jones had outspent Moore on advertising in the general election. According to Advertising Analytics, Jones had aired more than 10,000 television spots and spent $5.6 million. Moore aired one-tenth that number of ads and spent about $800,000 on them.[22]
Jones also outraised Moore in individual contributions, $11.5 million to $5.2 million.[23] This was significantly more than any other Democratic Senate candidate in Alabama in the previous 10 years—the previous high in this time period was Vivian Davis Figures in 2008 with $293,000.[24]
Jones became the first Democrat to win a Senate seat in Alabama since Richard Shelby in 1992. Shelby later switched his party affiliation to Republican in 1994.
Primary election runoff
| U.S. Senate, Alabama Republican primary runoff, September 26, 2017 |
| Party |
Candidate |
Vote % |
Votes |
| |
Republican |
Roy Moore |
54.6% |
262,641 |
| |
Republican |
Luther Strange |
45.4% |
218,505 |
| Total Votes |
481,146 |
| Source: Alabama Secretary of State |
Primary election
| U.S. Senate, Alabama Republican primary, August 15, 2017 |
| Party |
Candidate |
Vote % |
Votes |
| |
Republican |
Roy Moore |
38.9% |
164,524 |
| |
Republican |
Luther Strange |
32.8% |
138,971 |
| |
Republican |
Mo Brooks |
19.7% |
83,287 |
| |
Republican |
Trip Pittman |
6.9% |
29,124 |
| |
Republican |
Randy Brinson |
0.6% |
2,621 |
| |
Republican |
Bryan Peeples |
0.4% |
1,579 |
| |
Republican |
Mary Maxwell |
0.4% |
1,543 |
| |
Republican |
James Beretta |
0.3% |
1,078 |
| |
Republican |
Dom Gentile |
0.1% |
303 |
| |
Republican |
Joseph Breault |
0.1% |
252 |
| Total Votes |
423,282 |
| Source: Alabama Secretary of State |
Campaign finance
| Combined April and July Quarterly Reports for the Republican Primary[25]
|
| Candidate
|
Contributions
|
Expenditures
|
Cash on Hand
|
| Luther Strange |
$2,524,170 |
$1,481,488 |
$1,335,844
|
| Randy Brinson |
$180,545 |
$138,073 |
$42,471
|
| Mo Brooks |
$314,812 |
$110,247 |
$1,375,503
|
| Roy Moore |
$308,747 |
$47,407 |
$261,340
|
| Trip Pittman |
$302,545 |
$31,447 |
$271,097
|
Source: This graphic was generated using data from the FEC.2012
Moore was elected chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court on November 6, winning 51.8 percent of the vote over Robert S. Vance. He previously won the Republican primary on March 13, receiving 50 percent of the vote.[26][27][28]
- See also: Alabama judicial elections, 2012
Endorsements
- Tim James, two-time gubernatorial candidate[29]
- James Dobson, founder of Focus on the Family[30]
Campaign finance
To access Moore's campaign finance reports, visit: Alabama Secretary of State, Government Records, Roy Stewart Moore.
Campaign ad
2010
Moore sought the Republican nomination for governor of Alabama for the second time in his career and was defeated after receiving only 19.3 percent of the vote in the primary election.[31]
| 2010 Race for Governor - Republican Primary[32]
|
| Candidates
|
Percentage
|
 Robert J. Bentley (R)
|
25.2%
|
| Bradley Byrne (R)
|
27.9%
|
| Tim James (R)
|
25.1%
|
| Bill Johnson (R)
|
1.7%
|
| Roy Moore (R)
|
19.3%
|
| James Potts (R)
|
0.3%
|
| Charles Taylor (R)
|
0.5%
|
| Total votes
|
492,480
|
2006
Moore unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination for the governorship of Alabama and was defeated by a 2-1 margin by incumbent Bob Riley in the June primary.[33]
- See below: Ten commandments monument controversy and removal from office
2020
Ballotpedia survey responses
See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection
Roy Moore did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.
Electoral vote certification on January 6-7, 2021
- See also: Counting of electoral votes (January 6-7, 2021)
Congress convened a joint session on January 6-7, 2021, to count electoral votes by state and confirm the results of the 2020 presidential election. Moore voted against certifying the electoral votes from Arizona and Pennsylvania. The House rejected both objections by a vote of 121-303 for Arizona and 138-282 for Pennsylvania.
- See also: Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore suspension, 2016
Sexual misconduct and assault allegations against Moore
The Washington Post reported on November 9, 2017, that a woman accused Moore of initiating sexual contact with her in 1979 when she was 14 years old. Moore would have been 32 years old at the time. Three other women alleged that Moore pursued them when they were between the ages of 16 and 18 and he was in his 30s. The legal age of consent in Alabama is 16. Moore denied the allegations in a statement, calling them a "desperate political attack."[34]
Below are listed the three most recent events related to the sexual misconduct charges against Moore. For a full timeline of the events, click here.
December 7, 2017
- Sen. Cory Gardner (R-Colo.), the chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC), said, "Roy Moore will never have the support of the senatorial committee. We will never endorse him. We won’t support him. I won’t let that happen. Nothing will change. I stand by my previous statement."[35]
December 8, 2017
- Beverly Young Nelson, who accused Moore of sexually assaulting her in his car when she was 16, said in an interview that the signed yearbook she presented as evidence that Moore knew her included additional notes from her underneath Moore's alleged inscription. The entry read: "To a sweeter more beautiful girl I could not say, 'Merry Christmas.' Love, Roy Moore D.A., 12-22-77, Olde Hickory House."[36] Moore denied knowing Nelson, and his attorneys had previously argued at a press conference that the "D.A." abbreviation and restaurant name did not match Moore's handwriting.[36][37] Nelson maintained in the interview that it was Moore's signature.[36]
- Stand Up Republic, a social welfare organization founded by 2016 independent presidential candidate Evan McMullin and his running mate Mindy Finn, made a $500,000 ad buy calling on conservatives to reject Moore. The ads reference the sexual misconduct and assault allegations against Moore, which he has denied. In one ad, a Republican voter says that he cannot vote for Moore because he "makes Republicans and us Christians look bad." The second features clips of girls looking into the camera as the narrator asks, "What if she was your little girl? Your daughter? Your sister? What if she was 16 years old, or 15, or even 14? Would you let a 32-year-old man be alone with her? Date her? Undress her? Touch her? Have her touch him? That's what Roy Moore did. He called it dating. We call it unacceptable. That's why we can't support Roy Moore." Neither ad encouraged voters to support Jones.[38]
December 10, 2017
- Sen. Richard Shelby (R-Ala.) said in an interview that he voted for a write-in candidate rather than Moore when he cast his ballot early. "I’d rather see the Republican win, but I would hope that Republican would be a write-in. I couldn't vote for Roy Moore. I didn't vote for Roy Moore. But I wrote in a distinguished Republican name. I’d rather see another Republican in there and I’m going to stay with that story. I'm not going to vote for the Democrat, I didn’t vote for the Democrat or advocate for the Democrat. But I couldn’t vote for Roy Moore. The state of Alabama deserves better," Shelby said.[39]
Disciplinary hearing and term suspension (September 2016 - April 2017)
On September 28, 2016, Moore's case was heard by the Alabama Court of the Judiciary on charges of ethics violations brought by the Alabama Judicial Inquiry Commission based on his January administrative order. That court found him guilty of six charges of violating the canons of judicial ethics and suspended him from the bench for the remainder of his term, which would have expired in 2019. Moore was unable to run for another term because he passed the age limit of 70 for Georgia judicial candidates.
The court of the judiciary chose to suspend Moore for the remainder of his term rather than remove him from the bench entirely. A vote for removal rather than suspension would have needed to be unanimous; the court's decision stated that the members were not unanimous on a vote to remove Moore but were unanimous on a vote to suspend him.[6]
The Alabama Constitution gave Moore the right to appeal the ruling of the court of the judiciary to the Alabama Supreme Court. He filed an appeal on October 3, 2016.[40] On October 25, 2016, the justices of the state supreme court recused themselves from Moore's trial because their impartiality could be questioned. The appeal was heard by a special supreme court made up of seven retired appellate, circuit, or district judges.[41] Oral argument was set for April 26, 2017, but Moore filed a motion for an expedited disposition of the case based on the briefs, waiving oral argument.[42] The court accepted this motion on March 13, 2017.[43]
The court upheld Moore's suspension on April 19, 2017.[6]
Retired judges appointed as temporary justices for Moore's appeal
Suspension following ethics charges (May 2016)
On January 6, 2016, Moore released an administrative order citing the previous decision of the Alabama Supreme Court, which stated that Alabama’s probate judges "have a ministerial duty not to issue any marriage license" to same sex-couples "until further decision by the Alabama Supreme Court." He cited "confusion and uncertainty" among the state's probate judges regarding the effect of Obergefell v. Hodges on the "existing orders" in Alabama's constitution.[44] Previously, in February 2015, Moore issued a similar administrative order to the state's probate judges the night before same-sex marriages were to commence in the state.[45]
On May 6, 2016, the Alabama Judicial Inquiry Commission forwarded charges against Moore relating to his administrative order to the probate judges to the Alabama Court of the Judiciary.[5] Moore was suspended with pay pending his trial before that court or a settlement.[5]
Judge William Albritton of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama dismissed Moore's lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of his suspension and discipline in August 2016.[46] The Alabama Court of the Judiciary held a hearing in August 2016 at which it refused either to dismiss the complaint against Moore or to dismiss him summarily from the bench.[47]
Moore was suspended by the Alabama Court of the Judiciary on September 30, 2016, for the remainder of his second term, which expired on January 13, 2019. Moore was unable to run for election to the court again because he was over the age of 70 when his term expired. He appealed his suspension on October 3, 2016, but the Alabama Supreme Court upheld the decision on April 19, 2017.[7][40]
Southern Poverty Law Center files ethics charges against Moore (July 2015)
Supplementing a January 2015 complaint against Moore, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) filed an ethics complaint with the Alabama Judicial Inquiry Commission on July 29, 2015. The civil rights advocacy group argued that Moore committed ethics violations by improperly commenting on pending cases, by suggesting that U.S. Supreme Court precedent need not be followed, and by claiming he would recuse himself from cases rather than apply precedents with which he disagreed. The SPLC also said Moore's association with the Foundation for Moral Law, of which his wife is the president, violates the Alabama Canon of Judicial Ethics.[48]
SPLC President Richard Cohen said in a statement:
| “
|
If Chief Justice Moore wants to make political speeches or be an activist in opposition to same-sex marriage, he is free to do so, but he cannot simultaneously hold his current position on the Alabama Supreme Court. His blatant disregard for judicial ethics demonstrates once again that he is unfit for office.[49]
|
”
|
| —Richard Cohen, [48]
|
Cohen was referring to Moore's public opposition to the decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling against state gay marriage bans.[48]
Moore did not publicly comment on the charges.[48][50][51]
Moore says U.S. Supreme Court gay marriage ruling worse than segregation ruling (June 2015)
Following the United States Supreme Court's landmark gay marriage ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges on June 26, 2015, Chief Justice Moore was critical. Moore said the decision is "even worse" than its decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, the 19th-century case that upheld racial segregation. He told CNN, "I believe it's worse because it affects our entire system of morality and family values."[52]
Moore added:
| “
|
I think the law of the land is plain. It's the United States Constitution. Not an opinion of the Supreme Court which contradicts that law.[49]
|
”
|
|
|
Moore also shared a social media post from his wife, president of the Montgomery-based Foundation for Moral Law, that questioned the validity of the decision. The post said that justices Elena Kagan and Ruth Bader Ginsburg should have recused themselves because they have performed same-sex marriages in the past.[53]
Alabama hadn't begun issuing same-sex marriage licenses as of June 2015.[52]
On Monday, June 29, 2015, the Alabama Supreme Court issued a writ of mandamus, which suspended the issuance of same-sex marriage licenses in the state for 25 days to give parties the opportunity to submit briefs on the effect of the Obergefell v. Hodges ruling in the state of Alabama. Moore abstained from voting on the writ.[53] However, Moore later clarified the order was meant only to prevent probate judges from being forced to issue the licenses for 25 days, and not that it was outlawed. Twenty-five days was the period in which parties to the lawsuit could contest the supreme court ruling.[54][55]
Moore does not comply with federal court order allowing same-sex marriages (February 2015)
Alabama Justice Roy Moore warns: Gay marriage means 'men and their daughters' are next - Good Morning America
Though a decision by U.S. District Judge Callie Granade struck down Alabama's ban on same-sex marriage, Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore continued to instruct the state's judges that they should not issue marriage licenses. Moore argued that Alabama courts were not required to abide by the federal court ruling, stating, "The federal courts and the state courts have equal authority to interpret the constitution, under our rules today in the United States."[56]
After the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals declined to weigh in on the case, the United States Supreme Court decided not to stay Judge Granade's ruling, which would have put a temporary halt on same-sex marriages until the Supreme Court ruled. Moore believed the state had the authority to decide whether or not to allow same-sex marriages in Alabama.[57][58][59]
Moore seeks constitutional convention to pass a federal ban on gay marriage (February 2014)
On February 5, 2014, Roy Moore sent letters to the governors of all 50 states, asking them to participate in a constitutional convention to pass a federal ban on gay marriage. A convention like this is allowed under Article V of the U.S. Constitution. According to the Constitution, such an amendment could be made if "ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof."[60]
Moore stated,
| “
|
The moral foundation of our country is under attack...Government has become oppressive and judges are warping the law."[61][49]
|
”
|
He further explained that he didn't think Congress would pass such a ban on gay marriage, so it was up to a convention to do it. Susan Watson, executive director of the Alabama American Civil Liberties Union, argued that Moore was "chronically imposing his beliefs on others."[61]
Supporters started a website in support of Moore called IStandWithJudgeMoore.com, advancing his constitutional convention idea, but as of January 2016 the website was inoperative.[62][63]
Ten Commandments monument controversy and removal from office (2000-2003)
Soon after Moore took the oath of office as Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court in 2000, he ordered the construction and installation of a granite rock featuring the Ten Commandments in the state courthouse rotunda.[64]
Federal lawsuit (October 2001)
On October 30, 2001, the ACLU, along with Americans United for Separation of Church and State and the Southern Poverty Law Center, filed suit with other groups in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, asking that the monument be removed because it "sends a message to all who enter the State Judicial Building that the government encourages and endorses the practice of religion in general and Judeo-Christianity in particular."[65][66]
During the unveiling of the monument, Moore said:
| “
|
This monument will serve to remind the appellate courts and judges of the circuit and district courts of this state, the members of the bar who appear before them, as well as the people who visit the Alabama Judicial Building, of the truth stated in the preamble of the Alabama Constitution, that in order to establish justice, we must invoke the favor and guidance of Almighty God.[67][49]
|
”
|
Moore stated that he would not remove the monument, as doing so would violate his oath of office.[68]
Judgment and appeal (November 2002-August 2003)
On November 18, 2002, U.S. District Judge Myron Thompson issued a ruling declaring that the monument violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and was thus unconstitutional.[69]
Judge Thompson's decision mandated that Moore remove the monument from the state judicial building by January 3, 2003, but this order was stayed on December 23, 2002, after Moore appealed the decision to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. This appeal was argued on June 4, 2003, before a three-judge panel in Atlanta, Georgia. On July 1, 2003, the panel issued a ruling upholding the lower court's decision.
In response to the appeals court's decision, Judge Thompson lifted his earlier stay on August 5, 2003, requiring Moore to have the monument removed from public areas of the state judicial building by August 20, 2003.[68]
Protests and monument removal (August 2003)
On August 20, 2003, the monument was still in place within the building's rotunda. As specified in Judge Thompson's order, the state of Alabama faced fines of $5,000 a day until the monument was removed. In response, the eight other members of the Alabama Supreme Court intervened on August 21, unanimously overruled Moore, and ordered the removal of the monument. The monument was eventually moved to CrossPoint Community Church in Gadsden, Ala. Moore said he had no plans to return the monument to the building.[68][70][71]
Charges and removal from office (Aug. 2003-Nov. 2003)
In August 2003, the Alabama Judicial Inquiry Commission brought six charges against Moore under the Alabama Canons of Judicial Ethics. They were:
- failure to comply with a court order directed at him;
- failure to uphold the integrity of the judiciary;
- failure to avoid impropriety;
- failure to respect and comply with the law;
- failure to conduct himself to promote public confidence; and
- failure to avoid conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice.[72]
Moore was suspended pending the trial of the charges.[73] On November 13, 2003, the Alabama Court of the Judiciary voted unanimously to remove Moore from office.[73]
Approach to the law
Christianity and the Constitution
Roy Moore talks about religion and the Constitution
Moore, speaking at a Pastor for Life conference in January 2014, explained his view of what the founders meant by the word "religion" in the First Amendment.[74] He referenced a phrase from the Virginia Declaration of Rights, written by George Mason and James Madison, explaining that it defined religion as "the duties we owe to the Creator and the manner of discharging it."[75] He then stated, "Buddha didn't create us. Muhammad didn't create us. It's the God of the Holy Scriptures."[75]
The executive director of the Alabama chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union criticized Moore for the remarks:
| “
|
Chief Justice Roy Moore is sorely misguided in his belief that the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution only applies to Christians. It applies to everyone, regardless of his or her religious belief or non-belief.[49]
|
”
|
| —Susan Watson[76]
|
Moore then elaborated on his viewpoint to the Montgomery Advertiser, explaining:
| “
|
[The First Amendment] applies to the rights God gave us to be free in our modes of thinking, and as far as religious liberty to all people, regardless of what they believe.[76][49]
|
”
|
| —Chief Justice Roy Moore
|
Writings
- Moore, Roy (2005). So Help Me God: The Ten Commandments, Judicial Tyranny, and the Battle For Religious Freedom. Nashville: Broadman & Holman. ISBN 0-8054-3263-9.
- Moore, Roy (2005). The Rule of Law. In Mark Sutherland (Ed.), Judicial Tyranny: The New Kings of America? St. Louis: Amerisearch. ISBN 0-9753455-6-7.
See also
External links
- Judge Roy Moore for Senate
- Foundation For Moral Law
- WorldNetDaily, "Archives: Judge Roy Moore"
- Montgomery Advertiser, "The Ten Commandments Case" - archive of Montgomery Advertiser stories related to Roy Moore.
- MSNBC, "The rise and fall of Judge Roy Moore," May 23, 2006
- Human Events, "Man of the Year: Roy Moore," December 19, 2003
- AL.com, "The 'perfect storm' behind Roy Moore's election night shocker," March 21, 2012
- Prattville Progress, "There's a reason for the Moore vote," May 8, 2012
- WWNTradio.com, "Judge Moore applauds Kentucky court for defending the acknowledgement of God," August 22, 2012
- ↑ Montgomery Advertiser, "Roy Moore will seek U.S. Senate seat," April 26, 2017
- ↑ The New York Times, "Live Alabama Election Results: Roy Moore and Doug Jones Compete for Senate Seat," December 12, 2017
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Alabama Judicial System, Supreme Court, "Chief Justice Roy Moore," accessed February 23, 2016
- ↑ AL.com, "Roy Moore running for Senate, resigns from Supreme Court to challenge Luther Strange," April 26, 2017
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 AL.com, "Roy Moore suspended from office: Alabama chief justice faces removal over gay marriage stance," May 6, 2016
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 AL.com, "Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Roy Moore suspended for rest of term," September 30, 2016
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 MSNBC.com, "Roy Moore becomes the latest Alabama Republican to fall," April 20, 2017
- ↑ MSN News, "Alabama chief justice faces ouster after gay marriage fight," May 7, 2016
- ↑ Scribd, "Administrative order," accessed May 9, 2016
- ↑ The New York Times, "Live Alabama Election Results: Roy Moore and Doug Jones Compete for Senate Seat," December 12, 2017
- ↑ The New York Times, "Alabama Election Results: Doug Jones Defeats Roy Moore in U.S. Senate Race," Decemer 12, 2017
- ↑ AL.com, "Roy Moore recount could cost $1 million, may not be allowed," updated March 6, 2019
- ↑ Code of Alabama, "Section 17-16-20," accessed December 12, 2017
- ↑ Fortune, "Roy Moore Won't Concede the Alabama Senate Race. But He Might Not Be Able to Afford a Recount," December 14, 2017
- ↑ Election Law Blog, "Breaking: Under Alabama Law, Roy Moore May Not Be Able to Request a Recount If The Margin is More than 0.5%," December 12, 2017
- ↑ CNN, "Roy Moore files complaint to block Alabama Senate result," December 28, 2017
- ↑ Associated Press, "Roy Moore files lawsuit to block Alabama Senate result," December 28, 2017
- ↑ AL.com, "Doug Jones picks Joe Biden to escort him for swearing-in ceremony," January 2, 2018
- ↑ CNN, "Alabama certifies Jones' win over Moore," December 28, 2017
- ↑ The Hill, "RNC reinstates support for Moore after Trump endorsement," December 4, 2017
- ↑ The Hill, "McConnell: 'No change of heart' on Roy Moore," December 5, 2017
- ↑ Politico, "Moore buried under TV ad barrage," November 27, 2017
- ↑ Vox, "Doug Jones got more money from Alabama voters than Roy Moore did," December 12, 2017
- ↑ FEC, "2008 House and Senate Campaign Finance for Alabama ," accessed December 12, 2017
- ↑ FEC.gov, "Alabama," accessed July 25, 2017
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "Certified 2012 General Election Results," February 21, 2013
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "2012 Primary Election Results - Unofficial"
- ↑ The Washington Post, "‘10 Commandments judge’ Roy Moore wins his old job back," November 8, 2012
- ↑ The Montgomery Advertiser, "James endorses Moore in race for chief justice," February 3, 2012
- ↑ Tuscaloosa News, "Dobson backs Moore in state chief justice race," October 30, 2012
- ↑ Alabama Secretary of State, "Election Results Republican Primary," June 1, 2010
- ↑ Politico 2010 Election Map - Governor - Alabama
- ↑ Our Prattville, "Exclusive interview: Judge Roy Moore, 2010 Alabama Republican gubernatorial candidate," September 1, 2009
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Woman says Roy Moore initiated sexual encounter when she was 14, he was 32," November 9, 2017
- ↑ The Weekly Standard, "Cory Gardner: The NRSC 'Will Never Endorse' Roy Moore," December 7, 2017
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Business Insider, "Roy Moore accuser admits she added 'notes' to yearbook inscription she attributed to embattled Senate candidate," December 8, 2017
- ↑ AL.com, "Roy Moore: I 'don't even know' latest accuser, Beverly Young Nelson," November 13, 2017
- ↑ The Washington Post, "Anti-Trump conservatives place $500,000 ad buy against Roy Moore," November 8, 2017
- ↑ Politico, "Shelby: My state of Alabama 'deserves better' than Moore," December 10, 2017
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Local 15, "Chief Justice Roy Moore begins appeal of ethics conviction," October 4, 2016
- ↑ Alabama Public Radio, "Justices Recuse Themselves from Moore Trial," October 25, 2016
- ↑ AL.com, "Suspended Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore asks for speedy appeal," February 22, 2017
- ↑ Liberty Counsel, "Chief Justice Moore on the Fast Track towards Justice," March 13, 2017
- ↑ Times Daily, "Moore administrative order," accessed January 7, 2016
- ↑ The New York Times, "Alabama Judge Defies Gay Marriage Law, accessed January 7, 2016
- ↑ Christian News, "Federal Judge Dismisses Roy Moore’s Lawsuit Challenging Suspension From Bench," August 5, 2016
- ↑ WPXI, "Panel sends Alabama chief justice's ethics case to trial," August 8, 2016
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 AL.com, "Alabama's Roy Moore violated judicial ethics again by speaking out against SCOTUS ruling, SPLC claims," July 29, 2015
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 49.4 49.5 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ ABC 3340, "SPLC, HRC blast Alabama Chief Justice Roy Moore over his gay marriage order," January 6, 2016
- ↑ Erin Edgemon, AL.com, "Alabama's Roy Moore violated judicial ethics again by speaking out against SCOTUS ruling, SPLC claims," July 29, 2015
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 CNN, "Alabama chief justice: Marriage ruling worse than segregation decision," June 28, 2015
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 CNN, "Most states to abide by supreme court's same-sex marriage ruling, but ...," June 30, 2015
- ↑ AL.com, "Roy Moore: Alabama judges not required to issue same-sex marriage licenses for 25 days," June 29, 2015
- ↑ Alabama Supreme Court, "Writ of Mandamus: Civil (In re: Alan L. King, in his official capacity as Judge of Probate for Jefferson County, et al.)," June 29, 2015
- ↑ Bloomberg, "A defiant Roy Moore says U.S. Supreme Court should respect Alabama voters on gay marriage," February 10, 2015
- ↑ The Christian Science Monitor, "Eleventh Circuit says it will wait for Supreme Court on same sex marriage," February 4, 2015
- ↑ NPR, "Supreme Court Won't Stop Gay Marriages In Alabama ," February 9, 2015
- ↑ WND, "Judge Roy Moore Defies Feds: 'Law Is Very Clear'," February 9, 2015
- ↑ Article V, United States Constitution
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 Courthouse News Service, "Call to federally ban gay marriage by Ala. judge," February 10, 2014
- ↑ IStandWithJudgeMoore.com, accessed January 6, 2016
- ↑ Brandon Moseley, Alabama Political Reporter, "Moore calls for constitutional convention to fight gay marriage," accessed January 6, 2016
- ↑ The Atlantic, "Roy and His Rock," 2005
- ↑ Americans United for Separation of Church and State, "Rep. Istook To Reintroduce School Prayer Amendment To U.S. Constitution," accessed January 4, 2016
- ↑ United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, Opinion: Glassroth v. Moore
- ↑ WSMV, "Speech by Judge Roy Moore at Monument Dedication," accessed January 4, 2016
- ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 FindLaw, "Alabama Supreme Court Order No. 03-01"
- ↑ FindLaw, Glassroth v. Moore
- ↑ WSFA 12 News, "Short history of the battle over the Ten Commandments in Alabama," accessed January 6, 2016
- ↑ WBRC Fox 6 News, "AL Chief Justice Roy Moore reflects on Ten Commandments removal decade later," August 31, 2013
- ↑ FindLaw, "Alabama Judicial Inquiry Commission - Charges against Roy Moore"
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 Associated Baptist Press, "Alabama court votes unanimously to remove Roy Moore from office," November 13, 2003
- ↑ Montgomery Advertiser, "Roy Moore: First Amendment applies to all faiths," May 5, 2014
- ↑ 75.0 75.1 AL.com, "Roy Moore's twisted history: Islam and Buddhism don't have First Amendment protection, chief justice says (commentary and live chat)," May 5, 2014
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 The Raw Story, "Alabama chief justice: Constitution does, in fact, apply to non-Christians," May 6, 2014
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