Standard

L’obésité est universellement définie à partir de la classification recommandée par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), basée sur l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC). Cependant, l’application d’une norme unique présente des limites, notamment au regard de la grande variabilité interpopulationnelle, tant au niveau biologique que culturel. La relation entre l’IMC et la proportion de masse grasse corporelle, et donc avec les risques sanitaires associés, présente en effet une grande diversité entre groupes humains. La perception sociale du corps corpulent est quant à elle tout autant variable d’une culture à l’autre. The definition of obesity is universally based on WHO recommendations, which use body mass index (BMI). Application of a single norm presents some limits, however, because of large inter-population variability, biologically as well socially. The relationship between BMI and percentage of body fat, with its associated health risks, thus shows significant diversity betw...

A plethora of digital ECG formats have been proposed and implemented. This heterogeneity hinders the design and development of interoperable systems and entails critical integration issues for the healthcare information systems. This paper aims at performing a comprehensive overview on the current state of affairs of the interoperable exchange of digital ECG signals. This includes 1) a review on existing

This study examined the predictive power of two selection examination scores on Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) result of pre-degree science students of Benue State University Makurdi-Nigeria with a view to seeking alternative to multiple selection examinations. Out of 1240 candidates that came in for Preliminary Science programme for 2007/2008 session, only 380 passed (that is, a minimum of C grade in the five subjects -- English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry and Physics). Of this number, 220 had records for Mathematics and Physics in SSCE and therefore form the sample for the study and total of 38 entered for UME Mathematics. Three standard examination results in Mathematics and Physics were used for analysis in this study with SSCE as dependent (criterion) variable and Prelim and UME scores as independent (predictor) variables. Scores from the three examinations were collated and used for analyses. The examinations were considered reliable and valid based on the f...

Purpose:  The Optics and Radiometry Laboratory (ORLAB) provides a testing service for the Australian sunglass industry to assist its compliance with the mandatory Consumer Product Safety Standard. In doing so, a number of sunglasses carrying the CE mark (in effect a claim of compliance with the European Union Personal Protective Equipment Directive) have been tested. Since there is no mandatory testing in Europe (the sunglass industry is deemed self regulating), evaluating their performance will give an insight into compliance with the Directive.Methods:  Consecutive submissions to ORLAB over a period of 18 months were examined for CE marked sunglasses. The results for 646 CE marked pairs of sunglasses tested during 2003 and first half 2004 were examined and evaluated for compliance with EN 1836 (the European sunglass standard) on the basis of refractive power, prismatic power, transmittance (visible, UV and coloration) and polarization.Results:  A total of 17.3% failed EN 1836 and 3.3% were borderline (i.e. within our uncertainties of measurement of the requirement). The failures comprised: 0.9% lens defect; 12.5% polarization alignment error; 2.7% excessive vertical prism; 22.3% excessive horizontal prism; 27.7% excessive spherical power; 14.3% excessive cylindrical power; 1.8% excessive UV transmittance; and 23.2% transmittance difference between lenses (always gradient tints).Conclusion:  With up to 20% non-compliance, self regulation is not working particularly well in providing the public with complying sunglasses.

First work with standardization for European containers begun before established of 'Bureau International des Containers et du Transport Intermodal' (B.I.C.) in 1933. First point of view for use containers in European transport was under International Road Congress in Roma in 1928. Italian senator Silvio Crespi suggest to use containers as possibility of co-operation for rail and road transport, no as a competition. In 1931 in Venice was first competition for the best construction of European container. Article describe steps of standardization of European containers before ISO standard since 1931 to 1965.
Keywords: Container, Europe, standard, history. Conclusion: who don’t read history, can believed in each kids story.

Nowadays, modern laboratories are faced with a huge volume of information. One of the goals of the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) is to assist in the management of the information generated in the laboratory. This study intends to evaluate the LIMS based on the standards of the American National Standard Institute (ANSI). This research is a descriptive-analytical study, which had been conducted in 2011, on the LIMSs in use, in the teaching and private hospitals in Isfahan. The data collecting instrument was a checklist, which was made by evaluating three groups of information components namely: 'System capabilities', 'work list functions,' and 'reporting' based on LIS8-A. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20. Data were analyzed using (relative) frequency, percentage. To compare the data the following statistical tests were used: Leven test, t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the study indicated that the LIMS had a low co...

Recently accepted revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55—thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy, include a new adaptive comfort standard (ACS) that allows warmer indoor temperatures for naturally ventilated buildings during summer and in warmer climate zones. The ACS is based on the analysis of 21,000 sets of raw data compiled from field studies in 160 buildings located on four continents in varied climatic zones. This paper summarizes this earlier adaptive comfort research, presents some of its findings for naturally ventilated buildings, and discusses the process of getting the ACS incorporated into Standard 55. We suggest ways the ACS could be used for the design, operation, or evaluation of buildings, and for research applications. We also use GIS mapping techniques to examine the energy-savings potential of the ACS on a regional scale across the US. Finally, we discuss related new directions for researchers and practitioners involved in the design of buildings and their environmental control systems.

Risk in electrical work is more than any other job even using household purposes, its needs some precaution. Any slippage has no excuse. Fatal incident of a person will create a void place in his organization and family too. We can assume that working in electrical system is similar to that of work in war field. Those who are involved in electrical job they should be alert for each and every second. Mistake or failure will not be any of any excuse. Electricity is blunt and rude.In present paper we would like to enlighten some important areas which need special attention and also create awareness among the people who are working or using electrical power systems. This article is an attempt to cover most of the sub-titles of the paper.

ÖZET Turizm etkinliklerinin son 60 yılda ulaşmış olduğu ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel, çevresel ve politik etkiler günümüzün en önemli olgusu haline gelmesine yol açmıştır. Zira her yıl bir milyarı aşkın birey sürekli yaşadıkları yere dönme amacıyla seyahate çıkmakta, çeşitli ulaştırma araçları kullanarak deniz aşırı seyahat etmektedirler. Varış ülkesinde konaklamayı da içeren bu seyahatler yazında turizm olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Turizm etkinliklerine yeni yerler görme ve farklı kültürleri deneyimleme amacıyla katılan bireyler varış noktalarında geceleyecekleri konaklama işletmelerinin alışageldikleri kalite düzeyinde olmasını beklemektedirler. Ancak araştırmalar, konaklama işletmelerinin turistlerin istem ve beklentilerini karşılamada yetersiz kaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Böylesi bir sonuç memnuniyetsizliğe yol açmakta ve turizmin sürdürülebilirliğini tehlikeye atmaktadır. Bu nedenlerle konaklama işletmelerinin kalite güvencesi sağlayacak bir takım standartlara göre hizmet sunmaları gereksinimi ilgili çevrelerce yüksek sesle dile getirilmeye başlanmıştır. Böylesi bir gelişme konaklama işletmeciliği alanında uluslararası düzeyde standardizasyon çalışmalarının başlaması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Bu çalışmada konaklama işletmeciliği alanında sürdürülen standardizasyon çabaları toplu bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmektedir. Bu amaçla ilgili yazın derinlemesine taranmış ve konaklama işletmeciliği alanında uluslararası nitelik taşıyan standartlar saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları çeşitli ülkelerde yürütülen standardizasyon çabalarının temel olarak sınıflandırma sistemleri üzerinde yoğunlaştığını ancak dünya ölçeğinde tek tip sınıflandırma niteliğinden uzak olduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmada ayrıca konaklama işletmeciliği ile ilişkilendirilebilecek tek uluslararası standardın ISO 81513:2003 Turizm Hizmetleri, Oteller ve Diğer Turizm Konaklama Çeşitleri Terminoloji Standardı olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu itibarla anılan standart çalışma kapsamında tanıtılmaktadır.

ABSTRACT The economic, social, cultural, environmental and political effects that are reached by tourism activities have led them to become the most significant phenomenon of our time. Indeed, more than a billion individuals each year start travelling with the aim of coming back to their permanent address, and reach overseas locations using various tools of transportation. These travels that usually also include accommodation in the country of destination are called tourism in the literature. Individuals who participate in tourism activities with the aim of seeing new places and experiencing different cultures have the expectation that the accommodation facilities they will spend the night in at their point of destination have the level of quality they are used to. However, studies have shown that accommodation establishments are fall short of satisfying the predictions and expectations of tourists. Such a result leads to dissatisfaction and creates a risk for sustainability of tourism. This is why the necessity for accommodation establishments to provide services based on a set of standards that will achieve guarantee of quality has started to be debated by relevant stakeholders loudly and clearly. Such a development resulted in the initiation of international-level standardization efforts in the field of hospitality management. This study discusses the standardization efforts that are carried out in the field of hospitality management with a comprehensive point of view. With this purpose, an in-depth review of the relevant literature was conducted, and the international standards in the field of hospitality management were determined. The results of the study revealed that the standardization efforts carried out in various countries are generally focused on classification systems, but they are far from having the quality to constitute a uniform structure. The study also found that the only international standard that may be related to hospitality management is the ISO 81513:2003 Tourism Services, Hotels and Other Tourism Accommodation Terminology Standard. The standard which is known in this aspect is described in scope of the study.