Naval Architecture

According to the popular image of the Vikings, this people embodied a spirit of immense solidarity that resisted the yoke of Christianity and the dominance of Latin in Western Europe. This image is not without its contradictions, and while it is true that writing was unknown in Scandinavia during the early centuries of the Viking expansion, we now know that trade and colonization, as much as their famous raids, motivated the irruption of the Scandinavian people on the medieval stage. However, there is an important area where the contradictions between the image of the Vikings and archaeological data still remain intact : the Vikings ships. These ships were designed for traders, settlers, fishermen and warriors. Like the Vikings themselves, their ships reflect a genius of unparallelled originality and high performance. How did the Vikings build their ships, conferring them with such impressive symmetry, balance and finesse? The first ethnologists who studied this issue favoured ideal notions of traditions compiled over generations of builders, along with simple tips for balancing portside and starboard. Following this reductive cultural representation, they then quickly turned to the essential elements of clinker built construction: use of split planks and a great number of iron rivets, evidence of a new metallurgy. The problem with these ships is that, while their construction is made using traditional methods fitting to the popular image of the Vikings, their architectural design, deriving from very refined knowledge, contradicts the idea of an illiterate medieval Scandinavia cut off from the main centres of learning. This work focuses on the architectural design of Scandinavian ships from the eighth to the eleventh century, to show their place in high European knowledge. It then seeks to understand the links between the theoretical and practical aspects of Vikings ships : the clinker built construction and a great homogeneity over more than five centuries. Analysis of the master frames of five wrecks – three Viking ships, one Ancient wreck and a pre-Viking Scandinavian vessel – has found positive indicators of the use of geometric design principles that were formerly thought to be original in Renaissance shipbuilding treatises. Each wreck showed signs of the application of these design principles. The results show moreover that it was possible to use a transverse system of hull design for ships that were built shell-first in the clinker style.
Note: Optimised file. See the original at: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10661

Selon l’image reçue des Vikings, ce peuple incarne l'esprit d’une immense solidarité primitive ayant su résister rudement au joug du christianisme et à la domination du Latin en Europe occidentale. Cette image n’est pas sans ses contradictions et, s’il est vrai que l’écriture était encore inconnue en Scandinavie durant les premiers siècles de l’expansion viking, on sait maintenant que le commerce et la colonisation, autant que les célèbres raids, motivèrent l’irruption des peuples scandinaves sur la scène médiévale. Quant aux navires de ces marchands, colonisateurs, pêcheurs et guerriers, ils apparaissent, un peu à l’image des Vikings eux-mêmes, sur le grand tableau de l’histoire nautique sous l’enseigne d’une originalité et d’une technicité sans parallèle. Comment les Vikings construisaient-ils leurs navires, en leur donnant une symétrie, un équilibre et une finesse si achevés? Les premiers ethnologues qui se sont intéressés à cette question ont privilégié les idées issues d'une tradition acquise par des générations de constructeurs, et d'astuces simples pour équilibrer tribord et bâbord. Puis, ils se sont rapidement tournés vers les techniques inhérentes à la construction à clin : utilisation de planches fendues et non sciées et de rivets abondants témoignant d’une sidérurgie acquise depuis peu. Le problème que présentent ces navires, est que leur construction artisanale demeure conforme à l’image reçue des Vikings, mais que leur conception architecturale, réalisée selon des connaissances théoriques très exactes, brise la notion d’une Scandinavie médiévale illettrée et coupée des grands centres du savoir. Ce travail s’intéresse précisément à la conception architecturale des navires scandinaves du VIIIe au XIe siècle pour montrer comment ils s’insèrent dans un haut savoir européen dès leur apparition. Il explore ensuite les liens qui unissent ce savoir théorique aux aspects véritablement originaux des navires vikings, en l’occurrence leur construction à clin et leur homogénéité sur une grande région à travers plus de cinq siècles. Au terme de cette recherche, l'analyse réalisée sur le maître-couple de trois épaves vikings, une épave antique et une épave scandinave pré-viking, a permis de mettre en évidence plusieurs indices de l'utilisation du système de conception géométrique apparaissant pour la première fois dans les traités d'architecture navale de la Renaissance, et ce, sur chacune de ces épaves. Les résultats obtenus démontrent qu'il est possible d'employer un système transversal de conception pour des navires vraisemblablement construits bordé premier et assemblés à clin.
NB. Fichier optimisé. Voir l'original à: http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10661

Occasionally the archaeological ship reconstructor is fortunate enough to encounter the remains of a vessel on which shipwrights' design marks have been preserved. La Belle (1684) has the most extensive and complete set of such marks documented to date. The distinguishing features of the distribution, number, and placement of La Belle's surmarks associate it with a graphic design system of "geometric fairing with diagonals," which was in use in French shipbuilding in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Section I of this essay presents the archaeological and documentary evidence that supports the conclusion that a graphic design system of "geometric fairing with diagonals" was used in La Belle's construction. It also discusses how and which specific measurements were applied to the reconstructed design procedures to regenerate La Belle's archaeologically documented hull shape.

Section II examines whether La Belle's design system was a completely new invention or whether it was developed from existing concepts of ship design. It will be argued that this system actually expanded on the basic concepts of Mediterranean moulding—a non-graphic design system of geometric fairing that was in use in European shipbuilding for centuries prior to La Belle's construction—in the process of adapting them to the methods of orthographic drawing.

Книга посвящена истории становления российского военно-морского флота при Петре I и приурочена к открытию выставки «Как царь Петр море полюбил», которая прошла в МГОМЗ с 25 мая по 10 сентября 2017 г.
The book was published for the exhibition “How did tsar Peter love in the sea” that was in Kolomenskoe Museum (25/05-10/09) and was devoted to history of the Russian Navy in the age of Peter the Great.

A simulation-based design optimization (SBDO) tool is proposed for the design of rim driven thrusters. The optimization framework consists of a parametric description of the rim blade geometry and a multi-objective optimization algorithm which makes use of the results from high-fidelity RANS calculations to drive the choice towards optimal blade shapes. Maximization of the propulsive efficiency and minimization of cavitation, monitored through the simplest cavitation inception criterion based on the analysis of the non-cavitating pressure distribution over the blade, are the contrasting objectives selected for the design. A constraint on the delivered thrust fixes the functioning condition of the devised propellers. Four distinct design runs, changing the number of blades, from three to six, are considered. The reference performance are those of a ducted propeller operating in a decelerating nozzle which is exactly used in the case of rim configuration. Results of the optimizations prove the flexibility and the reliability of the SBDO framework in dealing with unconventional configurations. A generalized reduction of the risk of cavitation is observed regardless the number of blades; five-and six-bladed propulsors ensure remarkable (about 40%) higher margins with respect to any (leading edge and midchord) cavitating phenomena at the cost only of a slight reduction of efficiency. Also, the structure of the tip vortexes results significantly modified.

The writings that most closely belong to the discipline of history, and in particular the history of shipbuilding, are papers containing arguments quite different from each other, or very informative or very specialized. The scientist is often embarrassed in reading these books because they are written from a humanistic, and they are not scientific-technical papers, sometimes they are complemented with mathematical formulas and diagrams written in obsolete languages, designed to discern the paths of history passed, and adjacent to a discipline that looks to the near future and not in the past, a history too often forgotten. The Scientia navalis or Naval Science, which Leonhard Euler (1707 - 1783) was a teacher and somewhat precursor, from time immemorial languishing on the shelves of libraries, neglected by scholars. This occurred because the discipline has come to self-awareness, especially in the contemporary age, when, following the example of the Galilean revolution, the community of surveyors and scholars of mechanics oriented his attention to the problems of shipbuilding and vessel operations, which at first seemed disciplines entrusted only to the skill of the shipwright, carpenters and the Masters and Shipmasters on board ships, as well as to the wisdom of tradition. History, however, is a fascinating and fruitful field of study for some guidance because by understanding what has been achieved in the past, has been able to establish a more consistent definition of science and technology to be used in applied in the design and construction. Even for shipbuilding, in fact, the sedimentation of knowledge of the past passed down orally by the shipwright to their students and then taught in the schools of Naval Engineering in France scrolls and founded by Jean- Baptiste Colbert (1619 - 1683) Secretary of the French Navy in the seventeenth century, has been able to point the way to address and solve static and structural problems, but also those related to material behaviour and then, thanks to the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, those relating to navigation and manoeuvring of vessels. Only in this way it was possible to achieve those goals of technical and technological developments that have allowed the massive shipbuilding industry in the nineteenth century, following the same “logic” that guided the ancient builders and shipwrights, thus obtaining accurate and effective design and construction solutions.

The information design of traditional fishing vessels in Indonesia is still lacking. This happens because the construction is still using traditional methods. It was also allegedly able to provide a discrepancy with the characteristics of fishing vessels. Therefore, identification of the main dimensions of fishing vessels is needed as a database of development and preliminary review of fishing vessel performance. The study was conducted on cantrang fishing vessels at PPP Mayangan, Probolinggo. The results of the ratio of the main dimensions of the fishing vessel will be compared with the results of previous studies to assess the design characteristics. Besides, the main dimension data can be processed into cubic number values. The results showed the value of L/B of the fishing vessel ranged from 2.20 3.68, L/D 7.31 13.74, and B/D 2.55 4.57. Based on the reference value, the value is following the value of the type of towed gear fishing vessel in Indonesia. These results indicate tha...

Eight months into its maiden voyage to the Indies, the Dutch East India Company’s Batavia sank on 4 June 1629 on Morning Reef in the Houtman Abrolhos off the western coast of Australia. Wendy van Duivenvoorde’s five-year study was aimed at reconstructing the hull of Batavia, the only excavated remains of an early seventeenth-century Indiaman to have been raised and conserved in a way that permits detailed examination, using data retrieved from the archaeological remains, interpreted in the light of company archives, ship journals, and Dutch texts on shipbuilding of this period. Over two hundred tables, charts, drawings, and photographs are included.

Pre-and post-swirl fins-based energy-saving devices (ESD) are designed to improve the propulsive performances of a twin-screw ship. To this aim, BEM and RANSE calculations are employed. Depending on the application, a simple actuator disc model (post-swirl) with radially varying load or a combined BEM/RANSE method for self-propulsion prediction (preswirl) are required. Both the approaches are included in a framework for a design by optimization, where systematic variations of the ESD geometry are used to explore the design space and maximize the energy-saving effect of the devices. Considering the particularity of the case selected for the study, results show encouraging improvements that reach a promising 5% in the case of the combined action of both devices.

Longtemps ignorée, on reconnaît aujourd’hui
l’existence d’une tradition de construction
navale propre à la côte méditerranéenne de
la péninsule Ibérique. Plusieurs épaves en
témoignent et mettent en évidence une forte
influence punico-phénicienne.

This article discusses several minor refinements to Titanic's design based on experience with some specific riveted joints on Olympic (similar changes were then incorporated into Olympic and Britannic).  It is a greatly expanded version of an article originally made available on the Titanic Research & Modelling Association (TRMA) website in 2005, which published information about these changes for the first time.  This expanded article appeared in the British Titanic Society journal Atlantic Daily Bulletin in December 2019.

This paper presents the results of an investigation on manoeuvring of an LNG vessel in shallow water with ship-bank interaction effects due to restricted water. Experiments were conducted to obtain the hydrodynamic coefficients of the vessel in shallow water using a Planar Motion Mechanism (PMM). The ship bank interaction effects were calculated using empirical formula. A time domain simulation program has been developed, included hydrodynamic coefficients and the ship-bank interaction effect to determine the manoeuvring of the vessel. The comparison of ship manoeuvring with bank effect in two banks contours has been conducted. The results show the strong effect on lateral force and yaw moment of the vessel for the non-symmetry bank contour.

Manuel Vicente Nunes is without doubt, one of the most important shipbuilders of Portuguese 18th century Naval History, regarding the several aspects that marked his life and work. On one hand, he is the perfect example of the changes in the shipbuilder’s social status, and the gradual rise from mere Carpenter to the rank of First constructor. On the other hand, his work is guided by a particular design, which was at the base of warships construction in Portugal and in Brazil, and distinct from most of European 18th-century naval production, despite the widespread trend to uniformity

Pada dasarnya dalam mererncanakan sebuah kapal, semuanya harus memenuhi syarat-syarat regulasi, tujuan dari dirancang dan diterapkannya  regulasi tersebut salah satunya untuk keselamatan kapal itu sendiri karena menyangkut kehidupan orang yang ada dikapal. Begitu juga dengan Special Purpose Ships (SPS) juga harus memenuhi persyaratan regulasi yang berlaku. Kali ini Penulis akan memaparkan lebih lanjut kaitannya dengan regulasi SPS kaitannya dengan Machinery Installations yang akan dijelaskan dalam Bab Pembahasan.

A visionary emperor, an immense fleet, a suicide mission, a providential typhoon. In 1281 the invasion fleet of Kubilai Khan was devoured by the waves, hit by a terrible typhoon along the coast of Japan. Here is the report of one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the last 50 years in which Italy has been the protagonist collaborating with Japanese colleagues, thanks to the archaeologists of IRIAE (www.iriae.com).

Mutu Dewasa ini sistem yang terdapat di dalam organisasi dapat mempengaruhi pelanggan untuk mencoba produk baru yang ditawarkan organisasi, dan kemudian tetap setia untuk terus memakai produk yang ditawarkan organisasi terebut. Semakin mudah pelanggan untuk mendapatkan produk yang ditawarkan organisasi melalui kemudahan sistem yang ada, semakin setia pula pelanggan memakai produk yang ditawarkan organisasi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, terdapat suatu standar untuk sistem yang diterapkan oleh manajemen, semakin baik sistem yang diterapkam manajemen dalam organisasi, maka semakin mudah bagi organisasi untuk mendapatkan standar Internasional bagi penerapan sistem manajemen di dalam organisasinya. ISO 9001:2000 adalah suatu standar internasional untuk sistem manajemen mutu. ISO 9001:2000 menetapkan persyaratan-persyaratan dan rekomendasi untuk desain dan penilaian dari sistem manajemen mutu. Manajemen mutu dapat dianggap memiliki tiga komponen utama: pengendalian mutu, jaminan mutu dan perbaikan mutu. Manajemen mutu berfokus tidak hanya pada mutu produk, namun juga cara untuk mencapainya. Manajemen mutu menggunakan jaminan mutu dan pengendalian terhadap proses dan produk untuk mencapai mutu secara lebih konsisten. b. Pengendalian Mutu dalam Proses Pengedokan Kapal Docking Kapal adalah suatu peristiwa pemindahan kapal dari air/laut ke atas dock dengan bantuan fasilitas docking/pengedockan. Untuk melakukan pengedokan kapal ini, harus dilakukan persiapan yang matang dan berhati-hati mengingat spesifikasi kapal yang berbeda-beda. Mengingat besarnya biaya yang dikeluarkan pihak owner dalam melakukan proses repair/perbaikan kapal. Maka diperlukan perhatian serius dalam proses memasukkan kapal naik ke dry dock. Hal ini dikarenakan saat-saat kapal yang paling ekstrem adalah pada saat setengah badan kapal kering dan setengah basah. Kehati-hatian dengan tetap mempertahankan kualitas mutu merupakan kunci dari proses pengedokan yang sukses. Standar mutu yang baik perlu disiapkan oleh pihak galangan dan owner demi kelancaran proses dari awal kapal datang ke galangan sampai naik 100 persen ke atas dok. Grafik flowchart proses administrasi dan doking repair kapal di galangan

This report describes the modelling of an appended yacht hull that is free to heave and pitch with CFX v15.0, a finite volume Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code developed by ANSYS. The model is validated against experimental towing tank data, and is compared with predictions made using the Delft Systematic Yacht Hull Series (DSYHS) regression equations, and the results of a panel code.