Management in Airlines

The Predictive Airliner is an airline that utilizes the latest technology to deliver an exceptional personalized experience to each and every passenger it flies. Today, technology such as AI, Machine Learning, Augmented Reality, IoT, Real-time stream processing, social media, streaming analytics and wearables are altering the Customer Experience (CX) landscape and airlines need to jump aboard this fast moving technology or run the risk of being left out in the cold. The Predictive Airliner reveals how these and other technologies can help shape the customer journey. The book details how the five types of analytics—descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, prescriptive, and edge analytics—affect not only the customer journey, but also just about every operational function within an airline. An IoT-connected airline can make its operations smart. Data collected at multiple company and customer touch points can be utilized to increase customer satisfaction, as well as make the airline more profitable. The book lays out a blueprint for airlines to use to build a better overall operation. By utilizing AI, machine learning, and deep learning airlines can monitor the health of their airplanes, ensure employee satisfaction, and deliver an award-winning customer experience every time. Analytical processes like decision trees, k-means clustering, logistic regression and neural networks are explained in detail, with specific use cases detailing how they are used profitably in the aviation industry. Edge analytics, sentiment analysis, clickstream analysis, and location analysis are seen through a customer intelligence lens to ensure passengers are treated in a personalized way that will not only increase loyalty but turn passengers into apostles for the airlines they chose to fly on. Connected devices can help with inventory optimization, supply chain management, labor management, waste management, as well as keep the airline’s data centers green and its energy use smart. Social media is no longer a vanity platform, but rather it is a place to both connect with current customers, as well as court new ones. It is also a powerful branding channel that can be utilized to both understand an airline’s position in the market, as well as a place to benchmark its position against competitors. The Predictive Airliner reveals how airlines can utilize this channel in a multitude of ways to connect with customers, as well as help in moments of crisis. Today, technology moves at break-neck speed and it can offer the potential of anticipatory capabilities, but it also comes with a confusing variety of technological terms--Big Data, Cognitive Computing, CX, Data Lakes, Hadoop, Kafka, Personalization, Spark, etc., etc. The Predictive Airliner will help airline executives make sense of it all, so that he or she can cut through the confusing clutter of technological jargon and understand why a Spark-based real-time stream processing data stream might be preferable to a TIBCO Streambase one, or none at all. The final chapter explains how an airline can utilize the concept of the customer journey as a roadmap to increase customer satisfaction. This book will help airline executives break through the technological clutter so that they can deliver an unrivaled customer experience to each and every passenger who steps aboard their planes.

Harmonising Regulatory and Antitrust Regimes for International Air Transport addresses the timely and problematic issue of lack of uniformity in legal standards for international civil aviation.
First, it focuses on discrepancies within the regulatory and antitrust framework and possible solutions thereto. Possible strategies for multilateralisation and defragmentation of air law are discussed, including those within the ICAO and WTO systems, as well as privatisation, trans-national cooperation and consolidation between airlines.
This is followed by a debate on international harmonisation of air policy and economic regulation with competition law and policy. This part deliberates on the peculiarities of the latter framework, such as ‘extraterritorial’ application (effects doctrine) and antitrust immunities. Specific legal problems concerning airline alliance activities are also addressed, such as code-sharing, leasing, franchising and common branding, as well as metal-neutral joint ventures and real air carrier mergers.
The discussion extends to competition and possible conflicts between air transport law and other legal regimes, including space law, environmental law (carbon offsetting schemes) and labour law, which are relevant to aviation and growing aerospace activities. The study also contributes to some specific regulatory problems, such as possible regulation of space tourism under air law, airline ownership and control, balance between aviation safety and airline liberalisation, development of regional liberalisation initiatives and solutions to eliminate air connectivity gaps.
The unique feature of the book is that it reconciles distinct perspectives on these issues presented by renowned aviation and aerospace experts who represent world’s key air transport markets and air law academic centres.

This paper develops, evaluates and ultimately aids in the choosing of an optimal, single
allocation, hub-
and-spoke network for an airline working in a deregulated market. An integer linear program
evaluates potential hub network combinations,  whose profits are then determined using a non-linear
mathematical program. International gateway airports and regional hubs, profit,  frequency and
aircraft size are the decision variables. An adapted, conjugate-gradient projection algorithm is
developed and the models are
subsequently applied to Western Europe.

Purpose: This study investigates what Turkish Airlines as a global airline company reports for corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts on its corporate website by developing a framework assessing reports of airline companies’ CSR practices.
Design/methodology/approach: Content analysis was conducted on reports, documents, and written policies published on the Turkish Airlines corporate website by the end of 2017.
Findings: The research findings suggest that Turkish Airlines publishes numerous reports highlighting their CSR activities. The study results show that Turkish Airlines reports its CSR activities through reports, documents, and written policies. While the CSR reporting
efforts deal with all CSR areas, the environmental dimension is the mostly emphasized area.
Practical Implications: The study provides a model and data-driven analyses for decisionmakers and policymakers.
Originality/Value: As one of the first study in the field, this research examines CSR reporting efforts in the airline industry via a new framework developed for airline companies.

Purpose: This paper offer marketing strategy suggestion to the airlines operating within the Thai aviation market. It identifies the recommended motivational factors that influence the airline customers’ decision to their airline choices. Airlines use different customer relationship management programs to attract returning customers. This paper suggested the most attractive motivation factors for Thailand's air travel market. Design/methodology/approach: This research paper is an attempt to study and identify the factors, including loyalty program, distribution channel, customer services, promotions and other influence causes that affected the customer preference in the airline ticket purchasing behavior in Thailand. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the sample identified through unrestricted non probability sampling technique at four major airports in Thailand. The data collected are analyzed to identify the favorable drivers that lead to customer decision on airline ch...

This paper analyses how the fastest growing airline in the United States of America should transition from a heavily word of mouth marketing campaign to a a more aggressive national advertising campaign to capitalize their unparalleled growth, based on JetBlue's unmatched Customer Service delivery.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a traditional stethoscope versus an electronically amplified one (expected to reduce background and ambient noise) to assess heart and respiratory sounds during medical transport. It was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized performed study. One traditional stethoscope (Littmann Cardiology III; 3M, St Paul, MN) and 1 electronically amplified stethoscope (Littmann 3200, 3M) were used for our tests. Heart and lung auscultation during real medical evacuations aboard a medically configured Falcon 50 aircrafts were studied. The quality of auscultation was ranged using a numeric rating scale from 0 to 10 (0 corresponding to "I hear nothing" and 10 to "I hear perfectly"). Data collected were compared using a t-test for paired values. A total of 40 comparative evaluations were performed. For cardiac auscultation, the value of the rating scale was 4.53 ± 1.91 and 7.18 ± 1.88 for the traditional and amplified stethoscope, respectively (paired t-test: P < .0001). For respiratory sounds, quality of auscultation was estimated at 3.1 ± 1.95 for a traditional stethoscope and 5.10 ± 2.13 for the amplified one (paired t-test: P < .0001). This study showed that practitioners would be better helped in hearing cardiac and respiratory sounds with an electronically amplified stethoscope than with a traditional one during air medical transport in a medically configured Falcon 50 aircraft.

In the last decade, LCCs (Low-cost Carriers) growth has created a more complex airline–airport–passenger relationship. Airports depend on airlines decision to operate in their infrastructures. However, LCCs have different service demands than legacy carriers. The study of LCCs’ growth enables airport’s decision makers to identify their positive and negative impacts on KPAs and on KPIs and therefore the impacts on airport’s global performance and efficiency. With this information, airports’ decision makers can structure their short and long-term actions plans and initiatives considering LCCs’ operation impacts.
This research focuses on assessing airport’s performance and efficiency due to LCCs’ operations through an internal benchmarking. For this purpose, MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) was the Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses (MCDA) methodology chosen using the PESA–AGB (Performance Efficiency Support Analysis – Airport Global Benchmarking) model. Moreover, a statistical analysis is carried out, using LCCs’ traffic and PESA–AGB model outputs, to identify and quantify the airports’ KPAs (key performance areas) and airports’ overall scores that have a greater correlation with LCCs’ operations evolution, during an eleven years’ period (2003-2013), using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).
The final results depict a set of KPAs with a high level of correlation with the number of LCCs’ passengers and movements. Moreover, high Pearson correlation coefficients were determined when the correlation between the three airports’ overall performance and efficiency scores and LCCs’ traffic was studied.

TS EN AS 9100, özellikle Havacılık, Uzay ve Savunma Sanayii için yazılmış bir Kalite Yönetim standardıdır. Diğer kalite yönetim standartlarında olduğu gibi ISO 9000 serisine dayandırılmış olmakla birlikte yüksek güvenlik riskinin mevcut olduğu bu endüstrinin ihtiyaç duyduğu kalite ve güvenlik şartlarını ayrıntıları ile açıklar. İlk defa Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman ve GE Uçak Motorları gibi sektör devlerinin ortak çabaları ile Ağustos 1997 de, ISO 9001:1994 şartları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak yayınlanmıştır. 1999 da SAE ve AAQG tarafından ve IAQG ve SBAC destekleri ile ilk revizyonu yapılmıştır. Halen C revizyonu yürürlüktedir. ISO 9001 den farklı iartları şöylece özetlenebilir:-Konfigürasyon Yönetimi,-Tasarım, tasarım doğrulama ve test süreci,-Güvenilirlik, sürdürülebilirlik ve güvenlik,-Tedarikçi onayı,-Satınalınan ürünlerin doğrulanması,-Ürünün ömrü bayunca izlenebilirlik,-Ürün dokümantasyonu,-İmalat süreç değişikliklerinin kontrolü,-İmalat ekipman ve takımları ile CNC programlarının kontrolü,-Tedarikçi yerleşkesi dışında yapılan işin kontrolü,-Özel prosesler,-Muayene ve test süreçleri,-Yöntemler, kaynaklar ve kayıtlar,-Düzeltici önlemler,-İç denetim şartları,-İlk parça muayenesi (FAI),-Uygun olmayan ürünün elden çıkarılması, AS 9100' ün Yararları Diğer kalite yönetim standartlarında olduğu gibi AS 9100 bir kalite yönetim modelidir. Doğru uygulandığında firmanın verimliliğini artırır, kurumsallaşmasını sağlar. Herşeyden öte de insan hayatını çok yakından ilgilendiren güvenlik riskinin çok yüksek olduğu bir sektörde, yasal gerekliliklere uyumu temin eder. Standarda uyum sağlamak, müşteri isteklerinin ve yasal gerekliliklerin tam olarak sağlandığını garanti eder. Yeni Pazar olanakları sağlar.

The business world is in the midst of the next revolution following the IT revolution – the Big Data revolution. The sheer volume of data produced is a major reason for the big data revolution. Aviation and aerospace are typical areas that can apply big data systems due to the scale of data produced, not only by the plane sensors and passengers, but also by the prospective passengers. Data that need to be considered include, but are not limited to, aircraft sensor data, passenger data, weather data, aircraft maintenance data and air traffic data. This paper aims at identifying areas in aviation where big data systems can be utilized to enhance operational performances improve customer relations and thereby aiding the ultimate goal of increased profits at reduced costs. An improved management model built on a strong big data infrastructure will reduce operation costs, improve safety, bring down the cost and time spent on maintenance and drastically improve customer relations. Keywords— include at least 5 keywords or phrases

UNITED AIRLINES AND ITS “CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE”

Apr-26-2017

On April 9th, a video showing police officers forcibly dragging a passenger off a United Airlines flight sparked outrage on social media.  United asked for four volunteers in order to make room for United employees after passengers had been boarded and seated on the flight.  The selected passenger, Dr. David Dao, was a 69 year-old Asian American doctor. He refused to leave the plane since he was seeing patients the following morning, and he was then removed off the plane by force.

Under federal rules, commercial airlines are governed by a contract, referred to as the “Contract of Carriage” or COC.  A COC imposes legal duties upon carriers and protects the legal rights of passengers.  In justifying its actions removing Dr. Dao from the plane, United Airlines cited Rule 25 in its COC which is titled “Denied Boarding Compensation”.  The United COC’s Rule 25 applies when a passenger is denied boarding.  When there is an oversold United Airlines flight that originates in the U.S. or Canada, United can seek volunteers.  If there are not enough volunteers, other passengers may be denied boarding involuntarily in accordance with United’s boarding priority, but United provides transportation and compensation to the involuntarily denied passengers.  Plainly, this Rule does not seem to apply to the involuntary removal off a plane or to a refusal to transport once a passenger has boarded a plane – in other words, to the circumstances of this case.

Rule 21 in the United COC, entitled “Refusal of Transport” covers circumstances when a passenger who has already boarded a plane can be removed.  Under Rule 21, United has the right to refuse to transport or remove from the aircraft at any point any passenger for concerns such as unruly behavior, intoxication, inability to fit into one seat, and the like.  But Rule 21 does not seem to discuss overbooking or removal of passengers to satisfy United’s need for additional seats.  It follows that passengers may not be removed from a plane for any reason not listed in Rule 21.  In short, the legal basis under which United Airlines forcibly removed Dr. Dao off their plane is unclear and perhaps even questionable.

The video showing the manner in which Dr. Dao was removed off the plane sparked outrage in China.  Within four days, Dr. Dao’s story was read 910 million times on Weibo, China’s Twitter.  They analyzed and criticized United’s lottery system for selecting volunteers.

Social media and the Internet magnify our voices by making it easier and faster to attract public attention compared to other forms of communication.  The Internet which serves as the backbone of social media is international, and it is easy and cheap to mobilize massive public attention.

Airlines operating between the U.S. and China are very profitable.  In 2016, visitors between the U.S. and China increased 17% compared to 2015.  Many international airlines are attracted to China’s second-tier and third-tier cities.  United Airlines is one of them.  United’s share of the air travel market from China to the U.S. is about 20%, and United cooperates with China Airlines for internal air transportation in China.But this incident may seriously damage its reputation in China.

Dr. Dao settled his case against United, and so we will not know how a court would have interpreted the Rules in United’s Contract of Carriage,as applied to this incident.  It will be interesting to see if, going forward, United decides to modify the terms of its COC.

Author – Jay Kesan

Read More at - https://www.jaykesanpublications.com

subvention for airline industry was only availiable for Turkish Airlines which led to unfair competition. That was a barrier preventing private airline companies from entering into market. After the amendments regulated by Ministry of Transportation in 2003, competition in domestic flights was allowed and the barriers that inhibited private airline companies from entering into market was removed. Not only the market was liberalized but also some additional taxes were cancelled and some airport service charges were reduced. The cost of arilines reduced which led to noticeable reduction of ticket prices. Afterwards total number of passengers increased year by year.

With the help of the international trade, greater amount of goods are available for consumption. Doing business internationally clearly isn't easy, but it becomes essential for thousands of companies. Even small firms have discovered that they could tap the sales potential of overseas markets with the help of overnight delivery services, e-mail, and the Internet. Selling goods and services in foreign markets can generate increased sales, produce operational efficiencies, expose companies to new technologies, and provide greater customer choices. But venturing abroad also exposes companies to many new challenges. Every country has unique ways of doing business, which must be learned: laws, customs, consumer preferences, ethical standards, labor skills, political and economic stability. These factors can affect a firm's internationalization approach. Firms can enter foreign market through different strategies. One of those strategies is foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI process has many forms. Yet, activities of merger and acquisitions (M&A) are quite popular both in developed and emerging countries. At the beginning, firms from developed countries were acquiring firms in the developing or emerging countries. However, currently this has changed in the opposite direction: from emerging markets to developed or developing countries. Till today, most studies have focused on the international expansion of Multinational Companies (MNC's) from western but only a few academicians examined and analyzed the international strategies for emerging markets of MNCs. In this study, the experiences and thoughts of the domestic airline companies about new trend of M&A were examined by focusing on developments in international aviation industry both in history and contemporary times. The relationship between them was analyzed through the use of various sources in order to reach general findings.

This study examines the relationship between international tourism and COVID-19 cases and associated deaths in more than 90 nations. We use a crosscountry regression analysis and find a positive correlation between international tourism and the cumulated level of COVID-19 confirmed cases and death by 30 April 2020. Our regression analyses show that countries exposed to high flows of international tourism are more prone to cases and deaths caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. This association is robust even after controlling of other socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 outbreak and regional dummies. Based on our estimations, a one percent higher level of inbound and outbound tourism is associated with 1.2% and 1.4% higher levels of confirmed COVID-19 cases and death respectively, controlling for other factors. When we normalize the number of cases and death by size of population, the statistical significance remains robust, especially for the COVID-19 deaths, while the effect size reduces.

4.Conclusion.
Aviation Industry in India needs to digitise services all across the industry whether being used by customers, call centres and check-in agents in order to keep up with the global aviation digitisation trends. Everything from flight booking, check-in, seat reservations, meal and special requests, loyalty points redemption and complaints were part of the requirement. However, India aviation has introduced and adapted lot of new technological trends but with such fast and dynamic changes the pace has to be increased.
The Key Benefits of digitisation will include
• Highly scalable and performant services platform
• Better CRM/targeting of customers (know your clients better)
• Increased business agility and reduced time to market
• Simplified architecture resulting in a greatly reduced number of live technical incidents and simplified integration between disparate legacy systems

The Indian government has taken lot of steps towards making the country digital under “digital India” campaign, and aviation industry will be in focus to keep adapting to the digital aviation trends. A lot has been adapted but there is a still long way to go keeping the gigantic Indian aviation industry in consideration
The key task in execution and adaptation of digitisation is the recognition that digitising the business involves much more than the acquisition of relevant technology. It also requires changes in business philosophy, in business strategy and the business operating model. For example, the issue is not whether, if an intermediary is used by the customer, who owns the data on the customer, who has richer information on the customer (the airline or the intermediary), or how is the information managed. The issue is dealing with the needed change in corporate culture to break down the internal and external silo systems. This will benefit not only the different members in the travel chain (and at the enterprise level for each member) but also the ultimate customers.
These digital innovations bring positive impacts on everyone in the industry - the airlines, the airports, the infrastructure companies, third parties feeding off the growth in travel and, of course, customers.

The project was undertaken in order to do research on Air India’s issues, specifically customer service issues and to suggest recommendations in order to reduce the number of complaints received by them and to improve the overall passenger’s experience. Certain issues like Catering, Flight delays, and have not seen covered.
According to the Wall Street Journal Blog, Air India with the Oberoi is offering a new menu to its passengers. (5 ways flying air india should improve, 2014)Flight delays have also not been considered because certain issues like weather, Congestion in air traffic, Security issues are not in the control of the airline.

With regards to the objective, few specific problems with regards to certain customer service touch points were identified and recommendations have been made.

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen umfassenden Überblick der Besonderheiten des Geschäftsmodells der Low Cost Airlines gegenüber den etablierten Airlines. Hierzu werden die unternehmerische Zielstellung und die strategischen Erfolgspositionen sowie die strategischen Optionen innerhalb der Strategiebox der Low Cost Airlines untersucht.
Darauf aufbauend erfolgt eine Systematisierung und Analyse der Komponenten des Geschäftsmodells der Low Cost Airlines. Schwerpunkt der Analyse bildet dabei – neben der
Beschaffung und dem Prozessmanagement – der Marketing-Mix mit seinen Komponenten Preis-, Produkt-, Distributions- und Kommunikationspolitik.
Im Rahmen eines Fazits und Ausblickes wird an Hand einer zusammenfassenden Bewertung des Geschäftsmodells und aktueller sowie zukünftig möglicher Entwicklungen im Luftverkehrsmarkt die Frage beantwortet, ob das Geschäftsmodel der Low Cost Airlines eine Zukunft hat. Hierfür wird u. a. die Lebenszyklusanalyse verwendet. In einer abschließenden Darstellung werden Chancen und Risiken für die weitere Entwicklung in der Low Cost Branche
aufgezeigt.

The air transport industry is a dynamic sector and operates in a dynamic environment. This situation leads to intense competition among airlines and, consequently, to a search for new methods to improve the operational performance. It is claimed that revealing the factors affecting the operational performance of airline companies might provide them with strategic advantages in such a competitive market. Therefore, this study attempts to fill a gap existant in the current literature by empirically examining the factors determining the operational performance of airline companies. The operational data for the period between 1990 and 2017 of 52 airlines, which control more than 90% of the global air passenger transport industry, were analyzed using panel data analysis. The results of the study show that the number of passengers carried, the load factor, the number of flights made by the airlines, the rate of use of the aircraft and the amount of cargo carried by the airlines significantly affect their operational performance. Öz Hava taşımacılığı endüstrisi dinamik bir endüstri olup bünyesinde gerçekleştirilen faaliyetler dinamik bir çevrede sürdürülmektedir. Bu durum havayolu işletmeleri arasında yoğun bir rekabete sebebiyet vermekte ve havayollarının operasyonel performansını geliştirmesine olanak sağlamakta ve onları yeni arayışlara yönlendirmektedir. Havayolu şirketlerinin operasyonel performansını etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya çıkarılmasının onlara stratejik avantajlar sağlayacağı iddia edilmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırma, literatürde yer alan araştırmaların aksine havayolu işletmelerinin operasyonel performansını etkileyen faktörlere odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, havayolu şirketlerinin operasyonel performansını belirleyen faktörlerin ampirik olarak incelenmesidir. Küresel hava yolcu taşımacılığı endüstrisinin %90'ından fazlasını kontrol eden 52 havayolu işletmesinin 1990 ve 2017 yılları arasındaki operasyonel verileri panel veri analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, taşınan yolcu sayısının, doluluk oranının, havayollarının yaptığı uçuş sayısının, uçağın kullanım oranının ve taşınan kargo miktarının operasyonel performansı anlamlı olarak etkilediğini göstermektedir.

he handbook supplies for the first time a comprehensive overview of the new air traffic segment by addressing the issues of the actual business model, discussing strategies of low cost airlines and expanding on the aspects of suppliers, customers, cooperation partners and competitors. The handbook pools the knowledge of experienced and renowned experts. Detail information on actual themes is supplied, for instance: Basic Business Model of Low Cost Airlines, Business Processes and IT-Solutions, Low Cost Airlines from a charter perspective, Unfair Conditions of Carriage, Tourism and Low Cost Carriers, Ecological and Economical Impacts, Airports in the Process of Change, Low Cost Carries and Railway, Transferring the Low Cost Strategy to Ship, Bus and Rental Car Companies.

— This research was conducted at PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Branch Office, Jakarta. This study aims to determine the effect of variable placement and motivation of employees working on the performance of employees. The independent variables in this study consisted of educational background (X1), the suitability of skills with job motivation (X2) and long working experience or (X3). While the dependent variable is employee job performance (Y). This research is a descriptive correlational. There are 248 persons of research population, and using random sampling approach. Research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis and using SPSS for Windows version 13.0. With this research will illustrate the correlation between educational background (X1), the suitability of skills with job motivation (X2) and long working experience or (X3) as a variable in the placement of employees in PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Branch Office in Jakarta on employee job performance (Y).

In this paper the authors will deal with the pros and cons of the low cost business model on long-haul routes. First, the development of the low cost business model will be explained. This will be followed by an analysis of why the long-haul business model has often failed in the past. The low cost airlines currently operating a long-haul low cost model will be analyzed within a business model analysis on the basis of selected criteria. This comprises the price model, route offer, aircraft types as well as distribution and marketing. Finally, there will be a judgment of the business models using empirical date and a perspective will be given.

In contrast to the beautiful and shining outfit of a flight attendant, there is an unbelievable stress arising from various aspects of the airline work perceived to be physically threatening, as well as emotionally devastating. Therefore, flight attendants are required and expected to handle such stress provoking job. This stress management would be more effective if the main causes of work stress, their related symptoms, and methods of coping them are known and investigated. So the current study tried to identify the main causes of work stress, as well as the most frequent stress-related symptoms which Iranian flight attendants experience during flight. The evaluation and ways in managing stress were also examined. For this purpose, both qualitative and quantitative data collection were conducted through in-depth interview and questionnaire survey for answering the research questions. The result of the study demonstrated that causes of stress were peers, customers, and dominating work climate. Moreover, it was found that the most frequent symptom caused by stress within Iranian flight attendants was fatigue, whereas backache, and headache were the second and third frequent symptoms. Anger, worries, loneliness, powerlessness, frustration, depression, crying and yelling were the other symptoms in the order of frequency. Drinking coffee or coke, as well as talking with someone who they can trust onboard and using relationship techniques were the most frequent coping methods respectively. Furthermore, eating, taking aspirin, exercising and, using medications were the other coping methods they used in relieving their stress. Finally, it was found that the airlines failed to have specific well-organized program for stress management due to a miscommunication existing between the airline and their aircrews, specifically with their flight attendants. This situation resulted in less productivity among the aircrews and also their main reason for requesting a leave from work.

In dieser Arbeit beschäftigen sich die Autoren mit den Vor- und Nachteilen des Low Cost Geschäftsmodells auf Langstrecken. Zunächst wird die Entwicklung des Low Cost Geschäftsmodells erklärt. Darauf aufbauend wird analysiert, warum das Modell auf der Langstrecke in der Vergangenheit oft gescheitert ist. Die derzeit auf dem Markt agierenden Airlines, die dieses Modell umsetzen, werden dann mittels ausgewählter Kriterien im Rahmen einer Geschäftsmodellanalyse untersucht. Dazu zählen Preismodell, Streckenangebot, Flugzeugtypen sowie das Marketing. Den Abschluss bilden eine Bewertung der Geschäftsmodelle unter Einbeziehung von empirischen Daten sowie ein Ausblick.

The coronavirus pandemic has turned the aviation industry on its head, transforming the passenger experience drastically. The airlines have faced significant challenges due to both the Covid-19 pandemic, the sequence of lockdowns and the provisions of safety and security legislation. There is more concern about the growing feeling that passengers are aware of the level of service. Airlines not only need to focus on service quality in today's highly competitive air transport environment, but also need to focus more on safety and security issues, especially at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research related to these dimensional studies becomes more important in the COVID-19 scenario. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the impact of service quality dimensions on the overall quality of service of domestic airlines in Nepal in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. A quantitative methodology with a descriptive and explanatory research design was adopted in the...

The chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the particularities of the business model of low cost airlines in contrast to established airlines. For this purpose, safety aspects and the different cost structures of established and low cost airlines are demonstrated and a general business model is developed. On this basis, the different com-ponents of the low cost airlines’ business model are categorized and analyzed with the fo-cus on procurement and process management as well as on the marketing mix approach including price, product, distribution and communication policy.

Businesses may not be in a position to satisfy all of their customers, every time. It may prove difficult to meet the exact requirements of each individual customer. People do not have identical preferences, so rarely does one product completely satisfy everyone. Many companies may usually adopt a strategy that is known as target marketing. This strategy involves dividing the market into segments and developing products or services to these segments. A target marketing strategy is focused on the customers’ needs and wants. Hence, a prerequisite for the development of this customer-centric strategy is the specification of the target markets that the companies will attempt to serve. The marketing managers who may consider using target marketing will usually break the market down into groups and to target the most profitable segments. They may adapt their marketing mix elements, including; products, prices, channels, and promotional tactics to suit the requirements of individual consumers. In sum, this chapter explains the three stages of target marketing, including; market segmentation (ii) market targeting and (iii) market positioning.

In this assignment we analyze Etihad airways on the following topics:
Basic Introduction; Background; ETIHAD’S CORE VALUES; COMMITMENT; VISION AND MISSION; HISTORY; LOYALTY PROGRAM; FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE; FINANCIAL POSITION; FINANCING ACTIVITIES; EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT; GENERAL ENVIRONMENT; EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS; INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS; Porter's 5 forces model; COMPETITOR ANALYSIS; INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT; COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS; IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTS THAT ETIHAD NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF; ARE THE VISIONS AND MISSIONS CLEAR AND MEASURABLE?

As service quality has become increasingly important to producers/ suppliers' strategies its assessment has become increasingly critical. Several attempts have been made to measure it. Explication and measurement of quality present problems for researchers. Poor service quality is a familiar experience for many of us as consumers and managers The need to improve its measurement and control, is a common theme of the service management literature. This paper investigates the service quality of Indigo airlines in India's domestic market and explores the gap between the customers' expectations and customers' perceptions regarding various service quality factors of Indigo Airlines.