Cognitive Map

This article explores the role of design in Ladakh, a remote region in northwestern
India that was opened to tourism and trade only 35 years ago. The shift in the prevailing
socio-economic structure is manifested within the region’s forms of visual communication, spanning a continuum from photographic advertising to hand-painted wayfinding systems. One questions the cumulative effects these graphic artifacts have on local people’s perception of the region and their identities integrated with it. Workshops were conducted in which participants were introduced to the abstract visual
language of maps then sketched their home villages. Content analysis of these externalized cognitive maps reveals a consistency of visual representation strategies across all participants. References to natural and manmade features reflect reverence for the land and an understanding of agrarian systems. Currently graphic design in Ladakh is in service to profit outside interests. The author seeks a role for design that values the local constituency as well.

Cognitive maps are representations of the causal beliefs or assertions of a specific individual. Maps of three Latin American policy makers (Carlos Andrés Pérez, Roberto de Oliveira Campos, and Aurelio de Lyra Tavares) suggest new hypotheses and ways of comparing maps across individuals: (i) individuals with broader political responsibility may have more complicated maps with respect to numbers of goals and policies, but less complicated maps with respect to linkages between policies and goals, than individuals with narrower responsibility; (2) maps of different individuals can and should be compared with respect to the degree to which they make (or fail to make) distinctions among related concepts; and (3) maps can be used to predict the future policies of individuals, and should be used in this way to test the theoretical potential of the approach.

... A two-stage research plan was adopted to investigate this question. ... That is, can the four common-sense reasons for eating identified in the interviews be employed as effective quantitative criteria for investigating ... Note that the meals are listed in Table II in an abbreviated form. ...

This paper proposes a use of the discursive approach to explicate variety in ways of strategic thinking. Such an explication of variety is both useful managerially in increasing awareness of greater discursive resources and also theoretically in critiquing views of strategic thinking as homogenous and organizationally contained. Ways of strategic thinking have been investigated using a variety of approaches including expertise perspectives (Voss, Greene et al. 1983), cognitive mapping (Eden, Jones et al.(1979); Huff (1990)) and ...

Absract One of the most challenging and complex tasks when working with virtual worlds is the navigation process. This chapter presents the possibilities of using neural networks as a tool for studying spatial navigation within virtual worlds. How it learns to predict the next step for a given trajectory, acquiring basic spatial knowledge in terms of landmarks and configuration of

In this chapter we focus on processes that underlie successful wayfinding by those traveling without the help of vision. Particular emphasis is placed on how travelers develop and use cognitive maps. We discuss both the cognitive mapping process and wayfinding, emphasizing the skills that have to be developed with and without the aid of assistive technology. Both experimental and real world examples are used to illustrate the skills, abilities, and processes needed for successful travel without vision. Throughout, our emphasis is on wayfinding by adult populations.

The process of perception and cognition is a bridge of mind which transforms, organizes, stores, and uses the information arising from the world in sense data or through memory. Therefore, this research paper will treat an observation of the literature in general and a comparative sample to visualize the argument.
The center point of this paper is to connect cognition and recognition (as the expression of cognitive map) through filming and cinematic arts.
As people perceive the city through different ways of understanding, store the information, collect the data and recognize it. Finally, through the process, all the data is represented as a behavior and response. Overall the personal differences of the cognitive process and cognitive maps, it is possible to observe and to reach a recognitive map out of a mind with the help of some instruments. In this point such tools like paintings, sketches, explanations and definitions are useful. Though, to carry forward the observations on cognition-recognition, art can be used as a bridge to expose the cognitive process of human mind.
Art, mainly represent the ideas and perception of the artist. Among all art forms, filmmaking provides moving images which is capable to show the time, space, movement, memory and experience of spatial cognition. It is a visual art form and offers to its audience a representation of a perceived world. The places chosen to narrate the story, perspectives, points of views and even the story plot can show the artist’s perception and spatial cognition.
In the hands of the artist, filming becomes a language which uses visual words and descriptions. These visual images create a new expression of ideas and “recognitions” of environment. This recognition is mainly based on the director’s perception and cognition.
The point of the paper is a way to visualize cognitive maps through films. Without regarding cultural, age and gender differences the work will focus on the cognitive schemata of the environment in film through two comparative examples.

ÖZ Öğretim materyalleri, öğrenme-öğretme sürecinin en önemli unsurlanndan birisidir. Bu süreçte temel amaç, bireyin daha yakınından daha somut olandan başka bir ifade ile daha iyi bilinenden hareket ederek öğrenmeyi daha kolay ve daha verimli hale getirmektir. Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi (DKAB) öğretiminde bu amacı sağlayacak birçok öğretim materyali bulunmaktadır. Bu materyallerden birisi de zihin haritalardır. İlgili literatür tarandığında Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi alanında zihin haritalan tekniği ile yapılan çalışmaların sayısının sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Onun için bu çalışmada, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi öğretimi için uygun bir materyal olduğu düşünülen zihin haritalannın tanıtımı yapılmış, eğitim-öğretimde hangi amaç ve işlevleri yerine getirdiği, avantaj ve sınırlılıkları tarüşılmışür. Bunun yanında konu ile ilgili diğer alanlarda yapılmış çalışmalar ele alınmış ve DKAB dersinde kullanımının örnekleri verilmiştir. Sonuçta Din kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi öğretimi için etkili bir materyal olduğu düşüncesine ulaşılmıştır. ABSTRACT Instructional materials are one of the most important elements of the leaming-teaching process. The main aim is to fadlitate the leaming process and make it easier by starting from the immediate environment and from the more concrete, in other words from the better known towards the unknown. There are many teaching materials that will serve this purpose while teaching of

In this paper, CEOs are considered as ‘cognizers’ charged with integrating views in the top management team; a role which should require high cognitive complexity especially in diversified multinational corporations. A methodology for studying top managers' cognitive complexity is described and then applied to a sample of 26 CEOs. The CEOs' cognitive maps of the structure and of the dynamics of their industry are analyzed in terms of their degree of complexity, in relation to the breadth of the business portfolio of the firm, its geographic scope and the links the firm has with foreign parents. The results of this exploratory test generally confirm the principle of requisite cognitive complexity, and reveal a new set of more precise hypotheses linking particular dimensions of the scope of the firm with particular dimensions of CEOs' cognitive complexity.

The way in which children who have visual impairments construct cognitive maps of their environment is of considerable theoreticaland practical importance. It sheds light on the role of sensory experience in the development of spatial cognition which can in turnsuggest how spatial skills might be nurtured in visually impaired children. In most of the studies reviewed here, groups of childrenwho lost their sight early in life perform less well on a variety of spatial tasks than sighted children or children who lost their sightlater in life. We will argue that it is not the lack of visual experience in itself which produces this pattern, but rather the effect of lack of vision on the spatial coding strategies adopted by the children. Finally we will discuss a number of methods for encouragingvisually impaired children to use coding systems which are appropriate for the construction of flexible and integrated cognitivemaps, with particular reference to the use of tactile maps.

People have greater difficulty reading academic textbooks on screen than on paper.
One notable problem is that they cannot construct an effective cognitive map because
of the lack of contextual information cues and ineffective navigational mechanisms in
e-books. To support the construction of cognitive maps, this paper proposes the visual
cue map, which presents pages and within-page spatial cues in an interactive toolbar,
and reflects the physical structure of the book and the relative relationship between
cues and pages. An e-book reading system integrated with the visual cue map and 2
reading strategies—surveying and questioning—was developed, and an experiment
was conducted to examine the effect of the visual cue map on the reading, reviewing,
and navigational performance of readers. The results showed that participants who
used the system with the visual cue map spent significantly less time to complete 10
navigational tasks and gained a higher reviewing score. Based on the results, we
conclude that the visual cue map can improve navigational performance, which also
improves reviewing performance. The improvements may be due to the visual cue
map helping the construction of cognitive maps.

The involvement of uncertainty of varying degrees when the total of the membership degree exceeds one or less than one, then the newer mathematical paradigm shift, Fuzzy Theory proves appropriate. For the past two or more decades, Fuzzy Theory has become the potent tool to study and analyze uncertainty involved in all problems. But, many real-world problems also abound with

In scenario planning, causal mapping has long been used as a means to elicit the worldviews of multiple experts, facilitate discussion, and challenge and improve mental models. Large and complex causal maps, however, are difficult to analyze. This paper proposes a novel method for scenario building, based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, that combines intuitive, cognitive mapping techniques with formal, quantitative analysis. The proposed method helps scenario planners to integrate the qualitative and partial knowledge of multiple individuals and overcome information processing limitations. The feasibility of the proposed approach is investigated with two scenario studies on solar photovoltaic panels.