a-

međunarodno

Etimologija

Od Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).

Prefiks

a-

1. Used to form taxonomic names indicating a lack of some feature that might be expected

Izvedeni termini

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Engleski

Etimologija 1

Od Middle English a- (“up, out, away”), od Stari Engleski ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, od Lua greška in Modul:etymology at line 156: Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Engleski (en) in Modul:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Engleski is Early Modern English (en-ear) (an etymology-only language whose regular parent is Engleski (en)).., od Lua greška in Modul:etymology at line 156: Proto-Indo-European (ine-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Engleski (en) in Modul:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Engleski is Early Modern English (en-ear) (an etymology-only language whose regular parent is Engleski (en))... Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, German er-.

Izgovor

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /ə/

Prefiks

a-

1. (no longer productive) forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out

   arise, await

2. (no longer productive) forming verbs with the sense of intensified action.

   abide, amaze

Etimologija 2

• A proclitic form of preposition a; from Stari Engleski an (“on”)
• See a (preposition, on, to, in, etc.)

Izgovor

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /ə/

Prefiks

a-

1. (rare or no longer productive) in, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. Also passing into sense 2. [First attested prior to 1150]^[1]

   apace, afire, aboil, a-bling

2. (no longer productive) In, into. Also passing into sense 5. [First attested prior to 1150]^[1]

   asunder

3. In the direction of, or toward. [First attested prior to 1150]^[1]

   astern, abeam

4. (archaic, dialectal) At such a time. [First attested prior to 1150]^[1]

   Come a-morning we are going hunting.

5. (archaic, dialectal) In the act or process of. Being conflated with the next definition, a- is used in some dialects to indicate any participle. [First attested prior to 1150]^[1]
   • 1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go
   • 1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas:

     The twelfth day of Christmas,

     My true love sent to me

     Twelve lords a-leaping,

     …

     Eight maids a-milking,

     Seven swans a-swimming,

     Six geese a-laying,

   • circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling

     Here we come a-wassailing

     Among the leaves so green;

     Here we come a-wand’ring

     So fair to be seen.

   • 1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:

     Oh waste no words a-wooing

     The soft sleep to your bed;

   • 1964, Bob Dylan, "The Times They Are a-Changin' " (recorded 1963, released 1964):

     The order is rapidly fadin'

     And the first one now will later be last

     For the times they are a-changin'

   • circa 1970, bumper sticker:^[2]

     If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’.

Etymology 3

From Middle English a-, a variant form of y-, from Stari Engleski ġe-, from Lua greška in Modul:etymology at line 156: Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Engleski (en) in Modul:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Engleski is Early Modern English (en-ear) (an etymology-only language whose regular parent is Engleski (en)).., from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”).

Alternative forms

• i-

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /ə/

Prefix

a-

1. Obsolete form of y-. Archaic and Dialectal. In dialect, it is sometimes conflated with sense 5 of the previous definition, and is used as a general indicator of a participle. [First attested around 1150 to 1350 (Middle English).]^[1]

   aware, alike

Etymology 4

From Anglo-Norman a-, from Stari Francuski e-, from Latinski ex-.

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /ə/

Prefix

a-

1. (no longer productive) forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.]^[1]

   abash

Etymology 5

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Pronunciation

• (US)
  (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /ə/, /eɪ/

Prefix

a-

2. Not, without, opposite of.

   amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic

   • 1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7:

     When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities [...].

   • 2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin 2013, page 191:

     If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.

Usage notes

• Used with stems that begin with consonants except sometimes h. an- is synonymous and is used in front of words that start with vowels and sometimes h.^[3]

Etymology 6

From Middle English a-, from Middle French a-, from Latinski ad (“towards”).

Prefix

a-

1. (no longer productive) Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.]^[1]

   ascend, aspire, amass, abandon, avenue

Usage notes

• Used on stems that started with sc, sp, or st, and also used on stems with a French origin.
• Used in place of ad-.^[4]

Etymology 7

From Latinski ab (“of, off, from, away”)

Prefix

a-

1. (no longer productive) Away from. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.]^[1]

   avert, aperient, abridge, assoil^[3]

Usage notes

• Variation of the prefix ab-, only used when the stem starts with the letter p or v. ^[3]

Etymology 8

From Middle English a-, o- (“of”)

• See a (preposition, of)

Prefix

a-

1. (no longer productive) Of, from. [First attested prior to 1150.]^[1]

   anew, afresh, athirst^[3]

Usage notes

Different Germanic senses of a- became confused – vaguely “intensive” – and are no longer productive. The Greek sense of “not” (e.g., amoral, asymmetry) remains productive.

“[I]t naturally happened that all these a- prefixes were at length confusedly lumped together in idea, and the resultant a- looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic [nice-sounding], or even archaic, and wholly otiose [pointless].” OED.

Derived terms

References

• Lesley Brown (editor), The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition (Oxford University Press, 2003 [1933], →ISBN 978-0198605751), page 1
• “a-” in Christine A. Lindberg, editor, The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, 2002, →ISBN 978-1-4114-0500-4, page 1.
• Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], →ISBN 0-394-43600-8), page 1
• “a-” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2024.

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A-Pucikwar

Prefix

a-

1. prefix attached to words relating to the mouth, such as the names of languages

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Danish

Prefix

a-

1. a-, un- (not)
2. A- (atomic, nuclear)

   Sinonims: atom-, A-

Derived terms

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Dutch

Etymology

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /aː/
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

  Audio

  (file)

Prefix

a-

1. a-: Not, without, opposite of.

Derived terms

See also

• an-

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Finnish

Prefix

a-

1. (in loanwords) non-, un-

   Sinonim: epä-

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(ključ): /a/

Etymology 1

From Stari Francuski a-, from Latinski ad-.

Prefix

a-

1. A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like.

Etymology 2

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.

Prefix

a-

1. a-, non-, -less.

Derived terms

References

• “a-” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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German

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /a/

Etymology

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Prefix

a-

1. a- (not, without, opposite of)

Derived terms

Further reading

• a- u Duden na internetu

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Italian

Etymology 1

From Latinski ad-.

Prefix

a-

1. ad- (indicating direction)

Usage notes

The Italian prefix a- often reduplicates the following consonant (syntactic gemination, raddoppiamento fonosintattico). The actual forms usually will be ab- (in abbracciare), ac- (in accorrere), ad- (in addestrare), al- (in allargare) etc.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-).

Prefix

a-

1. a- (indicating lack or loss)

   Sinonim: an-

Derived terms

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Latin

Etymology 1

Prefix

ā-

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of ab-

Usage notes

Used before bilabial voiced consonants: b-, m- and v-.

Etymology 2

From ad (“towards”)

Prefix

a-

1. (Before a word beginning with sc, sp or st)
   (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of ad-

   ‎a- + ‎scandere (“climb”) → ‎ascendere (“climb up, go up; rise, spring up”)

   ‎a- + ‎scrībere (“write”) → ‎ascrībere (“state in writing, add in writing; insert; appoint, enroll, enfranchise, reckon, number”)

   ‎a- + ‎spīrāre (“breathe”) → ‎aspīrāre (“breathe or blow upon; am favorable to, assist, favor, aid; aspire or desire (to); approach, come near (to)”)

   ‎a- + ‎specere (“observe, look at”) → ‎aspicere (“look at or towards, behold; regard, respect; observe, notice; examine, inspect; consider, ponder”)

   ‎a- + ‎stringere (“press, tighten, compress”) → ‎astringere (“draw close, bind or tie together; tighten, contract; check, restrain; oblige, necessitate”)

   ‎a- + ‎struere (“compose, construct, build; ready, prepare; place, arrange”) → ‎astruere (“build near or to a thing, erect; build on, heap; build an additional structure”)

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Latvian

Etymology

Via other European languages, ultimately from Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

Pronunciation

• Šablon:lv-IPA

Prefix

Šablon:lv-prefix

1. Not, not having, without, opposite of.

   ‎a- + ‎seksuāls → ‎aseksuāls

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Navajo

Prefix

a-

1. someone's, people's

Usage notes

This prefix is often used as a neutral possessive pronoun to make the citation forms of inalienable nouns: amá (“someone's mother”), akʼos (“someone's neck”), ajáád (“someone's leg”), ajááʼ (“someone's ear”), akʼéí (“someone's kin”). The alternative is to use the prefix ha- (“one's”) or bi- (“his/her/its/their”) to make these dictionary forms.

See also

Šablon:nv-possessive pronouns

• á-
• ał-
• ahił-

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Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.

Prefix

a-

1. of; class 6 possessive concord.

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).

Prefix

a-

1. a- (not, without)

Derived terms

References

• “a-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “a-” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).

Prefix

a-

1. a- (not, without)

Derived terms

References

• “a-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old English

Etymology

From an earlier form ar-, from Lua greška in Modul:etymology at line 156: Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Stari Engleski (ang) in Modul:languages/data/3/a. Stari Engleski (ang) has no ancestors... Cognate with Old High German ar-, ir- (Nemački er-).

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /ɑː/

Prefix

ā-

1. forming words with the sense from, away, off, out, e.g. āniman

Derived terms

Descendants

• Middle English: a-
  • Engleski: a-

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Old French

Etymology

From Latinski ad, which was often reduced to a- in compounds.

Prefix

a-

1. indicating movement towards something
2. (by extension) indicating a change of state
3. intensifying prefix
4. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of es-

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Old Irish

Prefix

Šablon:sga-infixed pronoun

1. him (triggers eclipsis)
2. it (triggers lenition)

Usage notes

This form merges with the prefixes ro-, no-, di-, to-, fo-, ar-, and imm- to form ra-, na-, da-, da-, fa-, ara-, imma- respectively. It disappears after the particle ní (“not”), its only trace being the mutation it causes (eclipsis in the case of the masculine, lenition in the case of the neuter), thus ní cara (does not love) vs. ní chara (does not love it), ní ben (does not strike) vs. ní mben (does not strike him).

Derived terms

See also

Šablon:sga-affixed pronouns

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Old Saxon

Etymology

From an earlier form ar-, from Lua greška in Modul:etymology at line 156: Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Old Saxon (osx) in Modul:languages/data/3/o. Old Saxon (osx) has no ancestors... Cognate with Stari Engleski a-, Old High German ar-, ir- (Nemački er-).

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /ɑː/

Prefix

ā-

1. forming words with the sense from, away, out, off, e.g. āniman

Derived terms

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Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

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Polish

Etymology

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Dubleti of nie.

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /a/

Prefix

a-

1. forming words with the sense of negation

   ‎a- + ‎społeczny → ‎aspołeczny

Derived terms

Further reading

• a- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(ključ): /ˌa/

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese a-.

Prefix

a-

1. added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X

   a- + vermelho (“red”) + -ar → avermelhar (“to redden”)

   a- + baixo (“low”) + -ar → abaixar (“to lower”)

2. added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X

   a- + pavor (“dread”) + -ar → apavorar (“to frighten”)

   a- + fama (“fame”) + -ar → afamar (“to make famous”)

Etymology 2

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.

Prefix

a-

1. a- (not; without)

   Sinonim: in-

Derived terms

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Dubleti of ne.

Prefix

Lua greška in Modul:sh-headword at line 7: attempt to call field 'findBestScript' (a nil value).

1. Prefix prepended to words to denote a negation, deprivation or absence of a property denoted by base word.

   • ‎a- + ‎sȍcijālan → ‎ȁsocijālan
   • ‎a- + ‎simètrija → ‎asimètrija
   • ‎a- + ‎brahija → ‎abrahija

   Sinonims: bez-, ne-

References

• “a-” in Hrvatski jezični portal

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Spanish

Etymology 1

From Latinski ad-.

Prefix

a-

1. A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like.

See also

• en-

Etymology 2

From Antički Grčki ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.

Prefix

a-

1. a-, non-, -less

Derived terms

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Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *à-.

Prefix

a- (medial ka-)

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord, used in the subjunctive and potential mood.

See also

• u- (in other cases)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.

Prefix

a-

1. of; class 6 possessive concord.

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Xhosa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.

Prefix

a-

1. of; class 6 possessive concord.

Etymology 3

Prefix

a-

1. Class 6 relative concord.

Etymology 4

Prefix

a-

1. not

Usage notes

Used in the indicative mood, prefixed to the subject concord.

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Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *à-.

Prefix

a- (medial ka-)

1. he, she, it; class 1 subject concord, used in the subjunctive and potential mood.

See also

• u- (in other cases)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

a- (medial wa-)

1. they; class 6 subject concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.

Prefix

a-

1. of; class 6 possessive concord.

Etymology 4

Prefix

a-

1. Class 6 relative concord.

Etymology 5

Prefix

a-

1. not

Usage notes

Used in the indicative mood, prefixed to the subject concord.

Etymology 6

Prefix

a-

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Alternative form of ma- (hortative)

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “a-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN 0 85494 027 8: “a-”

a-

an-

a-

Prefiks: a-

Poreklo: Grčko

Primeri:

amoralan ateist anemija

Kategorija:Prefiks