a-
Етимологија
Од Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).
Префикс
a-
- Used to form taxonomic names indicating a lack of some feature that might be expected
Изведени термини
Етимологија 1
Од Middle English a- (“up, out, away”), од Стари Енглески ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, од Lua грешка in Модул:etymology at line 156: Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Енглески (en) in Модул:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Енглески is Early Modern English (en-ear) (an etymology-only language whose regular parent is Енглески (en)).., од Lua грешка in Модул:etymology at line 156: Proto-Indo-European (ine-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Енглески (en) in Модул:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Енглески is Early Modern English (en-ear) (an etymology-only language whose regular parent is Енглески (en))... Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, German er-.
Изговор
Префикс
a-
- (no longer productive) forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out
- arise, await
- (no longer productive) forming verbs with the sense of intensified action.
- abide, amaze
Етимологија 2
- A proclitic form of preposition a; from Стари Енглески an (“on”)
- See a (preposition, on, to, in, etc.)
Изговор
Префикс
a-
- (rare or no longer productive) in, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. Also passing into sense 2. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- apace, afire, aboil, a-bling
- (no longer productive) In, into. Also passing into sense 5. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- asunder
- In the direction of, or toward. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- astern, abeam
- (archaic, dialectal) At such a time. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- Come a-morning we are going hunting.
- (archaic, dialectal) In the act or process of. Being conflated with the next definition, a- is used in some dialects to indicate any participle. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
- 1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go
- 1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas:
- The twelfth day of Christmas,
- My true love sent to me
- Twelve lords a-leaping,
- …
- Eight maids a-milking,
- Seven swans a-swimming,
- Six geese a-laying,
- circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling
- Here we come a-wassailing
- Among the leaves so green;
- Here we come a-wand’ring
- So fair to be seen.
- 1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:
- Oh waste no words a-wooing
- The soft sleep to your bed;
- 1964, Bob Dylan, "The Times They Are a-Changin' " (recorded 1963, released 1964):
- The order is rapidly fadin'
- And the first one now will later be last
- For the times they are a-changin'
- circa 1970, bumper sticker:[2]
- If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’.
Etymology 3
From Middle English a-, a variant form of y-, from Стари Енглески ġe-, from Lua грешка in Модул:etymology at line 156: Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Енглески (en) in Модул:languages/data/2. The ancestor of Енглески is Early Modern English (en-ear) (an etymology-only language whose regular parent is Енглески (en)).., from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“with”).
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Prefix
a-
- Obsolete form of y-. Archaic and Dialectal. In dialect, it is sometimes conflated with sense 5 of the previous definition, and is used as a general indicator of a participle. [First attested around 1150 to 1350 (Middle English).][1]
- aware, alike
Etymology 4
From Anglo-Norman a-, from Стари Француски e-, from Латински ex-.
Pronunciation
Prefix
a-
- (no longer productive) forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
- abash
Etymology 5
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Pronunciation
- (US)
Prefix
a-
- Not, without, opposite of.
- amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic
- 1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7:
- When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities [...].
- 2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin 2013, page 191:
- If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.
Usage notes
- Used with stems that begin with consonants except sometimes h. an- is synonymous and is used in front of words that start with vowels and sometimes h.[3]
Etymology 6
From Middle English a-, from Middle French a-, from Латински ad (“towards”).
Prefix
a-
- (no longer productive) Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
- ascend, aspire, amass, abandon, avenue
Usage notes
- Used on stems that started with sc, sp, or st, and also used on stems with a French origin.
- Used in place of ad-.[4]
Etymology 7
From Латински ab (“of, off, from, away”)
Prefix
a-
- (no longer productive) Away from. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
- avert, aperient, abridge, assoil[3]
Usage notes
Etymology 8
From Middle English a-, o- (“of”)
- See a (preposition, of)
Prefix
a-
- (no longer productive) Of, from. [First attested prior to 1150.][1]
- anew, afresh, athirst[3]
Usage notes
Different Germanic senses of a- became confused – vaguely “intensive” – and are no longer productive. The Greek sense of “not” (e.g., amoral, asymmetry) remains productive.
- “[I]t naturally happened that all these a- prefixes were at length confusedly lumped together in idea, and the resultant a- looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic [nice-sounding], or even archaic, and wholly otiose [pointless].” OED.
Derived terms
References
- Lesley Brown (editor), The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition (Oxford University Press, 2003 [1933], →ISBN 978-0198605751), page 1
- “a-” in Christine A. Lindberg, editor, The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, 2002, →ISBN 978-1-4114-0500-4, page 1.
- Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], →ISBN 0-394-43600-8), page 1
- “a-” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001–2024.
A-Pucikwar
Prefix
a-
- prefix attached to words relating to the mouth, such as the names of languages
Danish
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
Dutch
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Pronunciation
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter)Audio (file)
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
See also
Finnish
Prefix
a-
French
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Стари Француски a-, from Латински ad-.
Prefix
a-
- A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like.
Etymology 2
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
References
- “a-” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
German
Pronunciation
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Prefix
a-
- a- (not, without, opposite of)
Derived terms
Further reading
- a- у Duden на интернету
Italian
Etymology 1
Prefix
a-
- ad- (indicating direction)
Usage notes
The Italian prefix a- often reduplicates the following consonant (syntactic gemination, raddoppiamento fonosintattico). The actual forms usually will be ab- (in abbracciare), ac- (in accorrere), ad- (in addestrare), al- (in allargare) etc.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-).
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
Latin
Etymology 1
Prefix
ā-
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Alternative form of ab-
Usage notes
Used before bilabial voiced consonants: b-, m- and v-.
Etymology 2
From ad (“towards”)
Prefix
a-
- (Before a word beginning with sc, sp or st) (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Alternative form of ad-- a- + scandere (“climb”) → ascendere (“climb up, go up; rise, spring up”)
- a- + scrībere (“write”) → ascrībere (“state in writing, add in writing; insert; appoint, enroll, enfranchise, reckon, number”)
- a- + spīrāre (“breathe”) → aspīrāre (“breathe or blow upon; am favorable to, assist, favor, aid; aspire or desire (to); approach, come near (to)”)
- a- + specere (“observe, look at”) → aspicere (“look at or towards, behold; regard, respect; observe, notice; examine, inspect; consider, ponder”)
- a- + stringere (“press, tighten, compress”) → astringere (“draw close, bind or tie together; tighten, contract; check, restrain; oblige, necessitate”)
- a- + struere (“compose, construct, build; ready, prepare; place, arrange”) → astruere (“build near or to a thing, erect; build on, heap; build an additional structure”)
Latvian
Etymology
Via other European languages, ultimately from Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).
Pronunciation
Prefix
Prefix
a-
Usage notes
This prefix is often used as a neutral possessive pronoun to make the citation forms of inalienable nouns: amá (“someone's mother”), akʼos (“someone's neck”), ajáád (“someone's leg”), ajááʼ (“someone's ear”), akʼéí (“someone's kin”). The alternative is to use the prefix ha- (“one's”) or bi- (“his/her/its/their”) to make these dictionary forms.
See also
Northern Ndebele
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.
Prefix
a-
- of; class 6 possessive concord.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).
Prefix
a-
- a- (not, without)
Derived terms
References
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-, “not, without”).
Prefix
a-
- a- (not, without)
Derived terms
References
- “a-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From an earlier form ar-, from Lua грешка in Модул:etymology at line 156: Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Стари Енглески (ang) in Модул:languages/data/3/a. Стари Енглески (ang) has no ancestors... Cognate with Old High German ar-, ir- (Немачки er-).
Pronunciation
Prefix
ā-
- forming words with the sense from, away, off, out, e.g. āniman
Derived terms
Descendants
Old French
Etymology
From Латински ad, which was often reduced to a- in compounds.
Prefix
a-
- indicating movement towards something
- (by extension) indicating a change of state
- intensifying prefix
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Alternative form of es-
Old Irish
Prefix
Usage notes
This form merges with the prefixes ro-, no-, di-, to-, fo-, ar-, and imm- to form ra-, na-, da-, da-, fa-, ara-, imma- respectively. It disappears after the particle ní (“not”), its only trace being the mutation it causes (eclipsis in the case of the masculine, lenition in the case of the neuter), thus ní cara (does not love) vs. ní chara (does not love it), ní ben (does not strike) vs. ní mben (does not strike him).
Derived terms
See also
Old Saxon
Etymology
From an earlier form ar-, from Lua грешка in Модул:etymology at line 156: Proto-Germanic (gem-pro) is not set as an ancestor of Old Saxon (osx) in Модул:languages/data/3/o. Old Saxon (osx) has no ancestors... Cognate with Стари Енглески a-, Old High German ar-, ir- (Немачки er-).
Pronunciation
Prefix
ā-
- forming words with the sense from, away, out, off, e.g. āniman
Derived terms
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Polish
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Дублети of nie.
Pronunciation
Prefix
a-
- forming words with the sense of negation
- a- + społeczny → aspołeczny
Derived terms
Further reading
- a- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese a-.
Prefix
a-
- added to adjective X, forms verbs meaning to make/turn X
- added to noun X, forms verbs meaning to cause or make X or to cause something to have X
Etymology 2
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”), zero-grade form of *ne (“not”). Дублети of ne.
Prefix
Lua грешка in Модул:sh-headword at line 7: attempt to call field 'findBestScript' (a nil value).
- Prefix prepended to words to denote a negation, deprivation or absence of a property denoted by base word.
- a- + sȍcijālan → ȁsocijālan
- a- + simètrija → asimètrija
- a- + brahija → abrahija
- Синонимs: bez-, ne-
References
- “a-” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Spanish
Etymology 1
Prefix
a-
- A prefix forming words, especially verbs, that denote entering a state, making progress toward a goal, or the like.
See also
Etymology 2
From Антички Грчки ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel; generalized from the many Latin borrowings using this prefix.
Prefix
a-
Derived terms
Swazi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *à-.
Prefix
a- (medial ka-)
See also
- u- (in other cases)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.
Prefix
a-
- of; class 6 possessive concord.
Xhosa
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.
Prefix
a-
- of; class 6 possessive concord.
Etymology 3
Prefix
a-
- Class 6 relative concord.
Etymology 4
Prefix
a-
Usage notes
Used in the indicative mood, prefixed to the subject concord.
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *à-.
Prefix
a- (medial ka-)
See also
- u- (in other cases)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
a- (medial wa-)
- they; class 6 subject concord.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Nguni *á-, from Proto-Bantu *gáá-.
Prefix
a-
- of; class 6 possessive concord.
Etymology 4
Prefix
a-
- Class 6 relative concord.
Etymology 5
Prefix
a-
Usage notes
Used in the indicative mood, prefixed to the subject concord.
Etymology 6
Prefix
a-
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) Alternative form of ma- (hortative)
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “a-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN 0 85494 027 8: “a-”
a-
a-
Префикс: a-
Порекло: Grčko
Примери:
Изведене речи: a-
- a- an- (G) bez ne amoralan ateist anemija (G)
- ab-[1] (L) od, iz, sa abnormalan, abdicirati
- ad- ak- af- (L) ka adaptacija, akcenat, afera
- aero- (L) vazduh aerodrom, aeronautika
- amb- ambi- (G) oba ambivalencija
- amfi- (G) okolo amfiteatar
- ante- (L) pre ispred antecedens
- anti- (G) protiv suprotno antibiotik antiklimaks
- apo- (G) od raz- apokalipsa apoteoza
- arh- (G) nad prvi pra- arhiepiskop arhaizam
- aut- (E) izvan autsajder
- auto- (G) sam samo- automat autobiograf
- bene- (L) dobar beneficija
- bi- (G) dva biseksualac bicikl
- centi- cente- (L) sto centimetar
- cirk- (L) okolo cirkulacija cirkular
- de- (F) ukidanje padanje demobilizacija degradacija
- deka- deci- (G) deset dekada decimala
- demo- (G) narodno demokratija demografija
- di- (G) dvostruko dva- dijada dijadema
- dija- (G) kroz preko dijagnoza dijafragma
- dis- (L) [[]]
- duo- (G) [[]]
- ek- (L) [[]]
- eks- (L) [[]]
- ekstra- (L) [[]]
- ekvi- (L) [[]]
- en- (G) [[]]
- epi- (G) [[]]
- heksa- (G) [[]]
- hemi- (G) [[]]
- hepta- (G) [[]]
- hidra- hidro- (G) [[]]
- hipo- (G) [[]]
- hiper- (G) [[]]
- homo- (L) [[]]
- in- il- im- (L) [[]]
- in- im- (L) [[]]
- inter- (L) [[]]
- intra- intro- (L) [[]]
- izo- (G) [[]]
- kata- (G) [[]]
- ko- kom- (L) [[]]
- kon- () [[]]
- kontra- () [[]]
- kvadra- kvadro- () [[]]
- mal- () [[]]
- meta- () [[]]
- mono- () [[]]
- multi- () [[]]
- non- () [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
- nekro-
- neo-
- op-
- of-
- okta- okto-
- orto-
- paleo-
- pan-
- para-
- penta-
- peri-
- per-
- poli-
- post-
- pra-
- pre-
- prim-
- pro-
- pro-
- re-
- retro-
- semi-
- sil-
- sin-
- sub-
- super
- tele-
- ter-
- tetra-
- trans-
- [[]]
- tri- (L,G) tri trijada triangl
- ultra- (L) izvan ultraljubičast ultrakratak
- uni- (L) jedan univerzalan uniforma
- ↑ Toni Buzan : Brzo čitanje, strana 163
- Међународни говор
- Translingual појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Translingual префикси
- Translingual entries with incorrect language header
- Стране with nonstandard language headings
- Енглески говор
- Енглески terms inherited from Middle English
- Енглески појмови изведени из Middle English
- Енглески terms inherited from Стари Енглески
- Енглески појмови изведени из Стари Енглески
- Енглески 1-syllable words
- Енглески термини са ИПА изговором
- Енглески префикси
- Енглески entries with incorrect language header
- Енглески terms with rare senses
- Енглески terms with archaic senses
- Енглески dialectal terms
- Енглески појмови изведени из Proto-Indo-European
- Енглески obsolete forms
- Енглески појмови изведени из Anglo-Norman
- Енглески појмови изведени из Стари Француски
- Енглески појмови изведени из Латински
- Енглески појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Енглески појмови изведени из Middle French
- English terms with alpha privatives
- English unproductive prefixes
- A-Pucikwar префикси
- A-Pucikwar entries with incorrect language header
- Дански prefixe
- Дански entries with incorrect language header
- Холандски појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Холандски термини са ИПА изговором
- Холандски појмови са аудио везама
- Холандски префикси
- Холандски entries with incorrect language header
- Фински префикси
- Фински entries with incorrect language header
- Француски 1-syllable words
- Француски термини са ИПА изговором
- Француски terms inherited from Стари Француски
- Француски појмови изведени из Стари Француски
- Француски terms inherited from Латински
- Француски појмови изведени из Латински
- Француски lemma
- Француски prefixes
- Француски terms with redundant head parameter
- Француски entries with incorrect language header
- Француски појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- French terms spelled with -
- Немачки 1-syllable words
- Немачки термини са ИПА изговором
- Немачки појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Немачки префикси
- Немачки entries with incorrect language header
- Италијански terms inherited from Латински
- Италијански појмови изведени из Латински
- Италијански prefixe
- Италијански entries with incorrect language header
- Италијански термини позајмљени од Антички Грчки
- Италијански појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Италијански префикси
- Латински префикси
- Латински entries with incorrect language header
- Латински prefixe
- Latvian појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Latvian појмови са аудио везама
- Navajo префикси
- Navajo entries with language name categories using raw markup
- Navajo pronouns
- Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Nguni
- Northern Ndebele појмови изведени из Proto-Nguni
- Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele појмови изведени из Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele prefixe
- Northern Ndebele subject concords
- Northern Ndebele possessive concords
- Northern Ndebele entries with incorrect language header
- Norwegian Bokmål појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Norwegian Bokmål префикси
- Norwegian Nynorsk појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Norwegian Nynorsk prefixe
- Стари Енглески термини са ИПА изговором
- Стари Енглески prefixe
- Стари Енглески entries with incorrect language header
- Стари Француски terms inherited from Латински
- Стари Француски појмови изведени из Латински
- Стари Француски префикси
- Стари Француски entries with incorrect language header
- Old Saxon термини са ИПА изговором
- Old Saxon prefixe
- Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header
- Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Nguni
- Phuthi појмови изведени из Proto-Nguni
- Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi појмови изведени из Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi префикси
- Phuthi subject concords
- Phuthi entries with incorrect language header
- Пољски појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Пољски појмови изведени из Proto-Indo-European
- Пољски дублети
- Пољски 1-syllable words
- Пољски термини са ИПА изговором
- Пољски префикси
- Пољски entries with incorrect language header
- Португалски 1-syllable words
- Португалски термини са ИПА изговором
- Португалски terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Португалски појмови изведени из Old Galician-Portuguese
- Португалски prefixe
- Португалски entries with incorrect language header
- Португалски појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Португалски појмови изведени из Proto-Indo-European
- Португалски префикси
- Португалски terms with multiple etymologies
- Serbo-Croatian појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Serbo-Croatian појмови изведени из Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian дублети
- Шпански terms inherited from Латински
- Шпански појмови изведени из Латински
- Шпански префикси
- Шпански entries with incorrect language header
- Шпански појмови изведени из Антички Грчки
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi појмови изведени из Proto-Bantu
- Swazi префикси
- Swazi subject concords
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Nguni
- Swazi појмови изведени из Proto-Nguni
- Swazi possessive concords
- Swazi entries with incorrect language header
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Nguni
- Xhosa појмови изведени из Proto-Nguni
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa појмови изведени из Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa префикси
- Xhosa subject concords
- Xhosa possessive concords
- Requests for etymologies in Xhosa entries
- Xhosa relative concords
- Xhosa entries with incorrect language header
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Nguni
- Zulu појмови изведени из Proto-Nguni
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu појмови изведени из Proto-Bantu
- Zulu prefixe
- Zulu subject concords
- Zulu possessive concords
- Requests for etymologies in Zulu entries
- Zulu префикси
- Zulu relative concords
- Zulu verb prefixes
- Zulu entries with incorrect language header
- Српски префикси
- Српски entries with incorrect language header
- 1 slovo