- New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, India
Recent advancement of the scientific research in the area of wound management demonstrated huge possibilities of nature derived materials as a potential source in wound repairing and tissue engineering. Wound healing is one of the... more
Recent advancement of the scientific research in the area of wound management demonstrated huge possibilities of nature derived materials as a potential source in wound repairing and tissue engineering. Wound healing is one of the difficult challenges in healthcare area due to the complexity of the natural healing process which often delays due to several microbial infections. An ideal wound dressing should maintain the moisture as well as able to remove excess fluid from the wound bed, permits gaseous exchange and easily to be removed without trauma after application. Bio polymers are naturally occurring molecules derived from different source namely plant, microbes, aquatic animals. They fits ideally to the main criteria of wound dressing that is non-toxic and non-irritant. Various type of wound dressings including hydrogels, hydro-colloids, films, foams, sponges, and electro-spun nanofibres have been formulated and received an increased interest from researchers to incorporate biopolymers i.e. Alginate, Chitosan, Cellulose, Gelatin, Collagen or combination of them into these dressings due to their structural advantage of bio-mimicking and pro-healing intrinsic properties. Biomaterials for wound healing can be classified in different ways, depending on their source, chemical nature, and type of dressings. This review article highlights the versatile use of biopolymers along with the current research in the field of wound care.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A pharmaceutical suspension, like other disperse systems, is thermodynamically unstable and therefore it is necessary to include in the dosage form, a stabilizer or suspending agent which reduces the rate of settling and permits easy to... more
A pharmaceutical suspension, like other disperse systems, is thermodynamically unstable and therefore it is necessary to include in the dosage form, a stabilizer or suspending agent which reduces the rate of settling and permits easy to redispersion of any settled particulate matter both by protective colloidal action and by increasing the consistency of the suspending medium. Natural gum collected from dried pods of Leucaena latisiliqua, and using as a suspending agent at different concentration in acetaminophen suspension. Different evaluation tests were carried out and reported. Due to high viscosity of Leucaena latisiliqua gum had the strongest suspending ability, (the suspending ability of all the materials was found to be in the order: Leucaena latisiliqua > compound tragacanth gum > acacia gum and act as a stabilizer. It can also serve as a good thickening agent as compared to other materials.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This review highlights the regulatory status of herbal medicines in India and in specific countries. The herbal medicines are being used in different system of medicines like the Ayurveda, siddha, homeopathy, unani and Chinese system of... more
This review highlights the regulatory status of herbal medicines in India and in specific countries. The herbal medicines are being used in different system of medicines like the Ayurveda, siddha, homeopathy, unani and Chinese system of medicine. The regulatory authorities and WHO are making efforts to collaborate in order to for a harmonized herbal medicine regulation. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 consist of the regulatory guidance and guidelines for Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha medicine. The herbal medicines are being categorized as Complimentary medicines, Natural health products, Prescription medicines, over the counter medicines, Supplements, Traditional herbal medicines globally.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Pharmacology, Chemistry, Chitosan, Drug delivery, Medicine, and 2 moreDrug and Ranolazine(Drug and Ranolazine)
(Drug and Ranolazine)
Nitrendipine an anti hypertensive drug which is practically insoluble in water. But water insolubility and the less bioavailability are the limitations of its effective use clinically. The present investigation aims to study the effect of... more
Nitrendipine an anti hypertensive drug which is practically insoluble in water. But water insolubility and the less bioavailability are the limitations of its effective use clinically. The present investigation aims to study the effect of various solvent on the modifications of Nitrendipine. The different forms of crystals were prepared by using various solvents such as acetone, benzene, methanol and blends of methanol with polyvinyl pyrrollidone (PVP-K30) and polyethylene glycol(PEG-4000).The prepared crystals were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques such as melting point, solubility, spectroscopic analysis and dissolution. The results indicate that the crystals obtained from different solvents exhibited different physiochemical characters. In conclusion, the crystals prepared from benzene, PVP-K30 and PEG-4000 shows higher dissolution rate would result in an improved bio-availability
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Domperidone is a highly water insoluble drug exhibiting poor dissolution pattern. This is the cause for its poor absorption. Currently, several products of this drug substance is available in the market. Solid dispersions of domperidone... more
Domperidone is a highly water insoluble drug exhibiting poor dissolution pattern. This is the cause for its poor absorption. Currently, several products of this drug substance is available in the market. Solid dispersions of domperidone were prepared using different ratios of polyvinylpyrrolidone as carrier by kneading method. They were evaluated for drug content, intactness of the drug in the formulation and dissolution. IR spectral and DSC studies were used to characterize the solid dispersion and to study the possibility of complexation of drug with carrier. The dissolution of domperidone from the solid dispersions exhibited higher rates of dissolution and dissolution efficiency values over that of pure drug
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of producing acyclovir-containing modified release matrix tablets by a wet granulation method based on the type and concentration of two pharmaceutical-grade hydrophilic matrix polymers (i.e.,... more
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of producing acyclovir-containing modified release matrix tablets by a wet granulation method based on the type and concentration of two pharmaceutical-grade hydrophilic matrix polymers (i.e., hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carbomers, and their combinations) commonly used in biomedical applications. The mechanical properties of the tablets and in vitro and in vivo performance were studied. The physicochemical properties of the raw materials and corresponding physical mixtures were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, showing that the hydrophilic polymers did not influence the physicochemical properties of the drug. The wet granulation process improved the flow and compression properties of the obtained granules. This method enabled the preparation of the matrix tablets of acyclovir with appropriate mechanical properties concerning hardness and friability. The drug release kinetics was governed by the type and concentr...
Research Interests:
This review highlights the regulatory status of herbal medicines in India and in specific countries. The herbal medicines are being used in different system of medicines like the Ayurveda, siddha, homeopathy, unani and Chinese system of... more
This review highlights the regulatory status of herbal medicines in India and in specific countries. The herbal medicines are being used in different system of medicines like the Ayurveda, siddha, homeopathy, unani and Chinese system of medicine. The regulatory authorities and WHO are making efforts to collaborate in order to for a harmonized herbal medicine regulation. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945 consist of the regulatory guidance and guidelines for Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha medicine. The herbal medicines are being categorized as Complimentary medicines, Natural health products, Prescription medicines, over the counter medicines, Supplements, Traditional herbal medicines globally.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The background behind the delivery of drugs topically is to render localized action on the skin. Topical drug delivery employing conventional formulations such as ointment, creams suffers with lower uptake of drug due to its hydrophobic... more
The background behind the delivery of drugs topically is to render localized action on the skin. Topical drug delivery employing conventional formulations such as ointment, creams suffers with lower uptake of drug due to its hydrophobic nature eventually leads to ineffective treatment. To overcome these issues, topical delivery of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges has opted, that facilitates the controlled drug release over a period of time. Topical drug delivery is an intriguing and persuading access to treat skin related infections/diseases owing to their lower risk of reactions a the systemic level duly contrasted with oral or parenteral drug administration and high drug level can be accomplished at the site of ailment. β-Cyclodextrin nanosponges (NS) are composed of permeable nanostructure material comprising of hyper cross-linked β-cyclodextrin system, ensures enhancement in solubility, provides desirable controlled release wider range of drugs by forming inclusion complexes, which diminish the recurrence portion of drug and maintain a distance from systemic absorption. Ketoconazole, an antifungal agent classified as BCS II, used to treat fungal infections and candidiasis. The stumbling block in attaining the effective therapeutic application and efficacy of ketoconazole is due to its moderate lipid solubility (Log P 4.35).
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ramipril and ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) solid dispersions were prepared with an intention to study the influence of ß-CD on the solubility and dissolution rate of this poorly soluble drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility... more
Ramipril and ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) solid dispersions were prepared with an intention to study the influence of ß-CD on the solubility and dissolution rate of this poorly soluble drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility of ramipril was significantly increased in the presence of ß-CD and was classified as AL-type, indicating the possible 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex with a stability constant of 328.65 M -1. Physical characterization of the solid dispersion were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). Effect of variable such as drug:carrier ratio were studied. These studies revealed that a distinct loss of drug crystallinity in the solid dispersion is ostensibly accounting for enhancement of dissolution rate in distilled water. The drug release from the prepared solid dispersion exhibited a first order kinetics. Solid dispersion of ramipril showed 4.83 time...
Proniosomes are solid colloidal particles which may be hydrated immediately before use to yield aqueous niosomes dispersions similar to those produced by more cumbersome conventional methods. The proniosomes minimize the problems... more
Proniosomes are solid colloidal particles which may be hydrated immediately before use to yield aqueous niosomes dispersions similar to those produced by more cumbersome conventional methods. The proniosomes minimize the problems associated with niosomes in terms of its physical stability such as aggregation, fusion and leaking. They also offer an additional convenience in transportation, distribution, storage, and dosing. The proniosomes derived niosomes are better than conventional niosomes in terms of their morphology, particle size, particle size distribution, and drug release. A slurry method was commonly used to produce proniosomes using maltodextrin as carrier. The time required to produce proniosomes by this simple method is independent of the ratio of surfactant solution to carrier material and appears to be a scalable process. The encapsulation efficiency of proniosomes is depends upon the amount of maltodextrin used in the process. The present review describes the method ...
Research Interests:
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in estimating various atoms by the measurement of light energy of specific wavelength. This employs usually three different analytical techniques such as... more
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in estimating various atoms by the measurement of light energy of specific wavelength. This employs usually three different analytical techniques such as atomic emission, atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence. The AAS can measure even trace concentrations of various elements with higher degree of sensitivity and precision. Therefore, AAS possesses considerable position in the modern analytical laboratories. The present review highlights the various components of atomic absorption spectrophotometer, different types of AAS and applications of atomic absorption spectroscopy in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, biological, geological, metallurgical, environmental, forensic and marine applications.
Amongst the various routes of drug delivery, oral route is perhaps the most preferred to the patient and the clinician alike. Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug... more
Amongst the various routes of drug delivery, oral route is perhaps the most preferred to the patient and the clinician alike. Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. The mucosa has a rich blood supply and it relatively permeable. The objective of this article is to review mucosa as a route for drug delivery by discussing the structure and environment of the oral mucosa and materials used for oral permeation enhancers.
Research Interests: Drug delivery, Medicine, Drug, Oral Mucosa, Buccal Mucosa, and 2 moreOral Cavity and oral route(Oral Cavity and oral route)
(Oral Cavity and oral route)
The objective of this work was to design and charact erize Poly ( D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles of ramipril an anti-hypertensive agen t loaded by nanoprecipitation method using tribloer e polymeric stabilizer (Pluronic... more
The objective of this work was to design and charact erize Poly ( D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles of ramipril an anti-hypertensive agen t loaded by nanoprecipitation method using tribloer e polymeric stabilizer (Pluronic F-68). The particles were characterized for drug con tent, particle size and particle morphology by Tran smission electron microscope(TEM). Invitro studies were determined by the bulk equilibrium rev e se dialysis bag technique. The particle size of the prepared nanoparticles ranged from 20nm to 340nm. nanoparticles of ramipril were obtained with high encapsulation efficiency (68-75%). The drug release from the ramipril nanoparticles was sustained in B atch (F3) for more than 24hrs with 72% drug release. This study suggest that the feasibility of formulating Ramipril loaded PLGA nanoparticles can be used to improve the therapeutic efficacy of Rami pril in the treatment of hypertensive disorder.
Dendrimers are synthetic, highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules of nanometer dimensions with exact and large number of functional groups, distributed with unprecedented control, makes them a promising scaffolds, for drug delivery.... more
Dendrimers are synthetic, highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules of nanometer dimensions with exact and large number of functional groups, distributed with unprecedented control, makes them a promising scaffolds, for drug delivery. Dendrimers serves as an ideal vehicle for cancer therapy, immunology, vaccines, antivirals, biosensors for diagnostics, neuron capture therapy, photodynamic therapy and photo thermal therapy. Dendrimers chemistry is one of the most fascinating and rapidly expanding areas in the field of chemistry. Prior to the dendrimer technology, nanoparticle drug delivery systems were one of the choicest systems owing to their selectivity and stability of therapeutic agents incorporated into the system. However, few drawbacks such as reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake, drug leakage, immunogenicity, hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity, hydrophobicity etc., impede the usage of these nanostructures. Further, these shortcomings shall be circumvented by modifying th...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Oral drug delivery system is considered as the safest, economical and most convenient drug delivery method having highest patient compliance. Patience compliance has always been a major factor in developing a drug delivery system. This... more
Oral drug delivery system is considered as the safest, economical and most convenient drug delivery method having highest patient compliance. Patience compliance has always been a major factor in developing a drug delivery system. This has attracted scientists over the world to develop various fancy oral drug delivery systems. Orally disintegrating tablets, by overcoming previously encountered problems of drug administration has gained remarkable market acceptability. Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are most preferred and accepted solid dosage forms. They disintegrate in mouth within a short period of time and are useful for populations having difficulty in swallowing. This article aims at providing a brief review on requirements for orally disintegrating tablets, their advantages and disadvantages, formulation aspects, various conventional and patented technologies for its
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A medicated chewing gum (MCG) is solid, single-dose dosage form. It is prepared such that it can be chewed for a period of time; deliver the drug and which may contain one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients. Medicated chewing gum... more
A medicated chewing gum (MCG) is solid, single-dose dosage form. It is prepared such that it can be chewed for a period of time; deliver the drug and which may contain one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients. Medicated chewing gum provides a wide range of advantages that helps to make it an excellent alternative over other chewable dosage forms. MCG’s are recommended for the various diseases of oral cavity viz., for caries prevention, and to release drugs that can conveniently be absorbed through oral mucosa and enters into the systemic circulation for exhibiting desired therapeutic effect. It can also be utilized for site specific activity in case of oral cancer. Chewing gum is no longer being considered as confectionary. Patients will favor products that are convenient for them and help them to carry with them for their daily lives without betraying outward signs of illness or disease. This makes a medicated chewing gum formulation as an ideal patient friendly dosage form.. ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The main aim of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate gastroretentive floating tablets of theophylline. Theophylline, a brochodialator, used in the treatment of asthma, has good absorption at the gastric pH. Therefore, a... more
The main aim of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate gastroretentive floating tablets of theophylline. Theophylline, a brochodialator, used in the treatment of asthma, has good absorption at the gastric pH. Therefore, a floating drug delivery system in a gastric pH could deliver the drug in a slow and sustained manner which could be a useful for broncho dilation in the treatment of asthma. The formulated gastroretentive tablets of theophylline were evaluated for various parameters such as weight variation, hardnesss, friability, drug content, swelling index, buoyancy time and drug release studies. Among the different formulations, formulation F7 prepared using HPMC:Carbopol (1:1 ratio) exhibited better release profile (93.36%) for 8 hours and this batch was selected as an ideal batch. The release of theophylline from the ideal batch was found to follow diffusion mechanism.
Research Interests:
The main objective of the present investigation was to develop buccal tablets of ramipril, to bypass the first pass metabolism and to improve its oral bioavailability. Ramipril, an ACE inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension... more
The main objective of the present investigation was to develop buccal tablets of ramipril, to bypass the first pass metabolism and to improve its oral bioavailability. Ramipril, an ACE inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension undergoes extensive first pass metabolism and about 25% of the drug reaches the systemic circulation. A unidirectional, bilayered mucoadhesive tablet of ramipril was prepared using HPMC as polymer by direct compression technique. Initially, a backing layer was made by using ethyl cellulose, onto which the drug containing layer as placed and recompressed to get a bilayered tablet. The buccal tablets were evaluated for various parameters such as weight variation test, thickness, hardness, friability, in vitro swelling studies, in vitro mucoadhesion study and in vitro dissolution study. Among the different formulation, the formulation (F1) prepared using 5% HPMC as polymer exhibited satisfactory performance over the other batches and considered as an ideal ...
Research Interests:
Novel drug delivery systems are now a days is creating a new interest in development of drug deliveries. Vesicular drug delivery system is also a part of these novel drug delivery systems. TDDS is the permeability of the skin, it is... more
Novel drug delivery systems are now a days is creating a new interest in development of drug deliveries. Vesicular drug delivery system is also a part of these novel drug delivery systems. TDDS is the permeability of the skin, it is permeable to small molecules, lipophilic drug and highly impermeable to the macromolecules and hydrophilic drugs. Recent approaches have resulted in design of two vesicular carriers, ethosomes and ultra flexible lipid based elastic vesicles, transferosomes. Transferosomes have recently been introduced, which are capable of transdermal delivery of low as well as high molecular weight drugs. This offers several potential advantages over conventional routes like avoidance of first pass metabolism, predictable and extended duration of activity, minimizing undesirable side effects, utility of short half life drugs, improving physiological and pharmacological response and have been applied to increases the efficiency of the material transfer across the intact ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This study was conducted primarily to improve the solubility of rebamipide, a poorly water-soluble anti-ulcer drug, using novel ternary solid dispersion (SD) systems and secondly to evaluate the effect of solubility enhancement on its... more
This study was conducted primarily to improve the solubility of rebamipide, a poorly water-soluble anti-ulcer drug, using novel ternary solid dispersion (SD) systems and secondly to evaluate the effect of solubility enhancement on its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile. After dissolving the three components in aqueous medium, ternary SD containing the drug, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and PVP-VA 64 was achieved by spray drying method, which was used as primary SD. Poloxamer 407, a surfactant polymer, was incorporated in this primary SD by four different methods: co-grinding, physical mixing, melting or spray drying. SD was then characterized by dissolution test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The spray dried SD of poloxamer 407 together with primary SD displayed highest dissolution rate of the drug of about 70% after 2 h. DSC, PXRD and FT-IR characterized the amorphous state and molecular dispersion of the drug in the SD. PK and PD studies in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed that the bioavailability of the drug using optimal SD was about twofold higher than that of reference product, and the irritation area of stomach was significantly reduced in the ulcer-induced rat model using optimal SD as compared to the reference product.