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SITE ANALYSIS BOOKLET - 21/22

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CHUAH YI WU | ONG ZHEN CHUEN | LAI BI JIA | LAU HAO REN | KHOR QIU MEI LEE JING WEI | CHUA JIA XIANG | KHOR JOO CHING | TAN ZHAN ZHAO | GOH ZENG HUANG PORTFOLIO GRAPHIC AND COMPILATION WORK TAY XIN YI

FUN PALACE

Historical Timeline Site Location Site DevelopmentScaleViewViewsSiteSurroundingsContextandVistaandSkylineandSkylineOfArchitecturalStyleInChowKit INTRODUCTION SITE ANALYSIS /01 /14 /32 /42 Swot Analysis Building EthnographicSunBuiltClimateTypologiesAnalysisEnvironmentPolulationPathAnalysisDistrictAnalysisPathAnalysisTrafficAnalysisVegetationSketch SITE BUILDING INFOTHEME Art Space for Fun Post-covidArtEnvironment Floor Plan Annotation (Site Views Surroundings indication) Site Plan Ground Floor Plan First Floor Plan Second Floor Plan Roof Top Plan Section Drawing Building Elevations

USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONS User Interview User Research User Demographics SITE DRAWING 3D Detail(ConstructionStructureMoodelModelsMethod)ConstructionMethod APPENDIXCASE STUDIES /55 /67 /85 /104

01INTRODUCTION 01 INTRODUCTION

As the transaction flourished, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman (at the time Batu Road) quickly gained recognition for its strategic layout and growing commercial potential, and then introduced drugs and prostitution.

Most of the shops along the road have been closed down due to the pandemic. The business and economics in Chow Kit were affected.

The Monorail Line, in has built through the heart of Kuala Lumpur to serve as rail transport. Chow Kit was one of the few places to have station built.

2008

A lot crime rates along the streets of Chow Kit. Police station was setup to reduce and stabilised the area's crime.

Jalan Chow Kit was transformed into a giant concert venue.

The entertainment strip known as “Asian Heritage Row”. Jalan Doraisamy was once an upper-class residential area surrounded by shop-lot. occurred in Tanah Melayu. Mandating Movement which

One of the last few traditional Malay houses that still presences in Chow Kit was unfortunately demolished on March 2015. Chow Kit slowly losing its identity. The Row, as the new incarnation is called, will be a 74,000 sq ft mixed-use commercial development comprising retail shops, galleries, cafes, bars, restaurants and offices.

02INTRODUCTIONHISTORICAL TIMELINE / LAI BI JIA

1969 After the 1969 elections, racial riots first broke out in Kampong Bahru, Raja Laut and Chow Kit area. 1986

2014

1940 The row is a popular strip of nightclubs. 1964 The Pekeliling Flats were built to accommodate the lower income group and squatter folks in the city.

2003

Jalan PopularDoraisamyforthestretch of century-old buildings, which today house upmarket cafes, restaurants and bars. Its eponym was a tin miner and contractor, R. Doraisamy Pilay, who also provided funds to establish the Kuala Lumpur Methodist Boy’s School (MBSKL). 22-64, Jalan Doraisamy, Chow Kit, 50300 Kuala Lumpur 03INTRODUCTIONSITE LOCATION / LAI BI JIA

04INTRODUCTIONSITE LOCATION / LAI BI JIA

Anggun Residences by One JSI Development Sdn Bhd 98m Residensi RAH 800m Apartment Kg Baru 1600m The Capsquare500mResidences RESIDENTIAL 05INTRODUCTIONSITE SURROUNDINGS / LAI BI JIA

WS Art & Frame Center Sdn Bhd 290m Loke450mMansion Royal750mMuseum Federal1600mCinema ART CENTRE 06INTRODUCTIONSITE SURROUNDINGS / LAI BI JIA

Anggun Residences Service Suites 87m Sheraton Imperial Kuala Lumpur 75m Hotel Stripes Kuala Lumpur, Autograph180mCollection OYO 127 The Reeds Hotel 450m HOTEL 07INTRODUCTIONSITE SURROUNDINGS / LAI BI JIA

KSK Group46mBerhad Wisma350mRTK Wisma Dang Wangi 220m SME Bank Head Office 210m COMMERCIAL 08INTRODUCTIONSITE SURROUNDINGS / LAI BI JIA

The Row's North Block houses cafes and restaurants, a wine bar, beer garden, live music bar, concept retail shops and a co-working space. The Row is a development that blends that charisma of pre-war architecture with modern functionalities, to give a refreshing juxtaposition to the shiny tall buildings that surround it. The architecture reflects creative adaptation of existing buildings, with an emphasis on greenery and natural lighting.

09INTRODUCTIONSITE CONTEXT / KHOR JOO CHING

Anggun Residences got Best High-End Condominium (Development) KL, Property Guru Asia Property Awards 2017

, The Row has 74,000 sqft of mixed-use commercial development, including retail stores, galleries, cafes, bars, restaurants and offices. In the early 2000s, they were transformed into Asian heritage nightclubs but were remodeled afterwards.

10INTRODUCTIONVIEWS AND VISTA / LAI BI JIA

The 22 shops along Jalan Doraisamy in Kuala Lumpur were shophouses from the Nowadays1940s.

Sheraton Imperial Kuala Lumpur Hotel is the "Grande Dame" of Malaysia's capital city. Newly redesigned spaces blend traditional grandeur with modern simplicity, creating an atmosphere of refined elegance.

Residential Shophouses Commercial Shophouses 4th3rd2nd1st

11SITE ANALYSISVIEWS AND SKYLINE / LAU HAO REN

View of Monorail Monorail

Where garbage are collected and item are loaded. It is a semi-private space where only loading trucks and shop owners are allowed to park. People are found urinating and throwing the rubbish improperly which causes pungent smell at the back alley. Portions are shaded by the concrete railway and it is wide and for the pedestrian to walk. Motorbikes parking lots are provided as well on this walkway.. The motorbikes and cars produce irritating noise and smoke while the public buses stop at irregular spots for picking up passengers.

Back Alley Uncovered Walkway Busy Road View Blocked

GROUND LINE OLD SKYLINE (1980s) NEW SKYLINE (2021s) 12INTRODUCTIONSCALE AND SKYLINE / LAU HAO REN

1860 HARMONIOUS ARCHITECTURAL 1890 1925 ART DECO MODERNISM1970 1880 ECLECTIC1900 EARLY1950 MODERN PRESENT2021 NEO-CLASSICAL TRANSITION 13INTRODUCTIONDEVELOPMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL STYLE IN CHOW KIT / LAU HAO REN

14SITE ANALYSIS 02 SITE ANALYSIS

Pleasant and Polite attitude by the owners Have own foods / products to promote their restaurants Walking is easily to access to the site A lot of tourists spot nearby the site Attract More People as not much people know the spcace Expand the population to make it more crowded.. Introduce new business to make it lively Promote the heritage of The Row Lack of funds of business development Expansive Price compare to others Insufficient Attention due to the location Lack of public facilities like public toilets The competing restaurants will influences the income Decrease of customer due to the pandamic. Loss of the identity of the site which is the heritage Become more forgotable due to the herittage site. STRENGHTS WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES THREATS 15SITE ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS / TAN ZHAN ZHAO

2 3 4 1 6 5 2. Chow Kit Wet Market 5. Regalia Suites 6. Sultan Ismail Monorail3. Sunway Putra Mall 4. World Trade KL1. Yut Kee Restaurant 16SITE ANALYSISBUILDING TYPOLOGIES / ZHAN ZHAO AND JOO CHING

Rose Diagram Data Circular histogram Data Southwest (July - Aug) Southwest (July - Aug)Northwest (Jan - Feb) 17SITE ANALYSISCLIMATE ANALYSIS / TAN ZHAN ZHAO

1. Sup Haji Abu 2 3 4 8 1 6 7 5 5. Jokolo Bar 6. Ali, Muthu, Ah Hock 7. MIA 4. Yut Kee Restaurant 8. Tapestry KL 18SITE ANALYSISBUILT ENVIRONMENT / JOO CHING AND JIA XIANG

LumpurKuala Chow Kit TitiwangsaSentral baruKampung DEMOGRAPHICS of CHOW KIT Age Group 60+40~5920~390~19 Community Local TransientNeglectedMigrantComunityCommunityCommunityUser Ethnicity Non-MalaysiaOthersIndianChineseMalay 1.15 1 3 1.4 1 5 1 7 1 75 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Kuala Lumpur is the capital of Malaysia, It is the largest city in Malaysia and Chow Kit is a part it. Kuala Lumpur covering an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) with an estimated population of 1.75 million as of 2020. 26% 12% 35%27% 28% 16% 9% 33% 27% 37% 20% 16%5% 19SITE ANALYSISPOPULATION / JOO CHING AND JIA XIANG

QuietModerate VeryBusy Busy QuietModerate VeryBusy Busy Density of 0600-1800Population Density of 1800-00Population 20SITE ANALYSISPOPULATION / JOO CHING AND JIA XIANG

Path LegendAnalysis Open Parking Area Primary MonorailPathKL- Station Meda Tuanku LRT - Station Dang Wangi Site PedestrianSecondaryLocationPathWalkway 21SITE ANALYSISPATH ANALYSIS / JOO CHING AND JIA XIANG

District Analysis Legend ReserveEducationHospitalityCommercialResidencial 22SITE ANALYSISDISTRICT ANALYSIS / JOO CHING AND JIA XIANG

0900 06 February 1400 06 February 1700 06 February 0900 06 September 1400 06 September 1700 06 September Sun Path Analysis for Shading Analysis 23SITE ANALYSISSUN PATH ANALYSIS / KHOR JOO CHING

LEGENDS HEAVY MODERATE SMOOTH 24SITE ANALYSISTRAFFIC ANALYSIS / JOO CHING AND HAO REN

WEEKDAY WEEKEND

Moderate8AM-10AM traffic are spotted during morning. Working person from Working person fromJalan Ampang and Jalan Sultan Ismail will pass by. A moderate amount of traffic during lunch Heavyhour.traffic along Jalan Sultan Ismail after working hours. Smooth traffic along Jalan Sultan Ismail during night time. Smooth traffic in the morning at Jalan Sultan Ismail. Have some traffic at the comercial area. More traffic are spotted during lunch hour. People are out to seek for their Moderatelunch.traffic during dinner time. Smoother traffic compare to afternoon. More heavy traffic during night time on weekend. People having night life in Chow Kit.

9PM-12AM5PM-7PM12PM-1PM 9PM-12AM5PM-7PM12PM-1PM 8AM-10AM

COCOS NUCIFERA LEGENDS NUCIFERACOCUS POPOWIA VELUTINA KING VELUTINAPOPOWIAKING PTEROCARPUS INDICUS PTEROCARPUSINDICUS PELTOPHORUM PTEROCARPUM PTEROCARPUMPELTOPHORUMLAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA LAGERSTROEMIASPECIOSA FICUS BENJAMINA BENJAMINAFICUS SAMANEA SAMAN SAMANEASAMAN 25SITE ANALYSISVEGETATION / JOO CHING AND HAO REN

26SITE ANALYSISETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH / ZENG HUANG AND JOO CHING

27SITE ANALYSISETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH / ZENG HUANG AND JOO CHING

28SITE ANALYSISETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH / ZENG HUANG AND JOO CHING

29SITE ANALYSISETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH / ZENG HUANG AND JOO CHING

30SITE ANALYSISETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH / ZENG HUANG AND JOO CHING

31SITE ANALYSISETHNOGRAPHIC SKETCH / ZENG HUANG AND JOO CHING

03 THEME 32THEME

WHAT IS ART SPACE FOR FUN ART SPACE

it is a physical space where people gather, work, inspire each other, learn new things, and connect. Participating in the space brings us into relationship with like-minded people who stimulate our thinking. It is fun, pleasurable, safe, and healthy. It is a space where people can decide how to spend their free time or to create. It can be an art gallery, an educational space, a retail space, a private collectors NFT collection or a workshop for artists. FUN amusing, playful, entertaining, enjoyable or light-hearted pleasure.

33THEMEART SPACE FOR FUN / KHOR QIU MEI

· the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known · discovery and development of elementary principles of nature into beautiful forms suitable for human use (Frank Lloyd Wright)

Art as a form of creative human expression, a way of enriching the human experience. We use art for our entertainment, cultural appre ciation, aesthetics, personal improvement, and even social change. Art forces humans to look beyond that which is necessary to survive and leads people to create for the sake of expression and meaning. Art can communicate information, shape our everyday lives, make a social statement and be enjoyed for aesthetic beauty. Definitions of Art

34THEMEART / KHOR QIU MEI

WHY IS ART IMPORTANT

· resides in the quality of doing; the process is not magic

WHAT IS ART ART · any creative work of a human being · a form of expressing oneself

· an act of making something visually entertaining · an activity that manifests the beauty · the mastery, an ideal way of doing things · not a thing — it is a way (Elbert Hubbard)

The artist tries to express his or her personal feelings through the artwork SOCIAL FUNCTION Art that conveys a sense of family, community, or civilization.

35THEMEART / KHOR QIU MEI

EDUCATIONAL FUNCTION Art that has been used throughout time as a way to pass on historical facts. Teaches about cultures.

PHYSICAL FUNCTION

FUNCTION OF ART

SPIRITUAL FUNCTION

An artist may create a work to support the Religious or Spiritual beliefs of a culture.

Functional Art: objects use in everyday life— such as architecture, jewelry, pottery, furniture, etc

PERSONAL FUNCTION

It is a returning condition and situation after COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 C oronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. Older people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease , diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Anyone can get sick with COVID-19 and become s eriously ill or die at any age.

WHAT IS POST-COVID ENVIRONMENT

Positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 pandemic

36THEMEPOST-COVID ENVIRONMENT / KHOR QIU MEI

IMPACT ON COMMUNITY As cases of COVID-19 rise around the region, life as we know it has been upended in many ways. Travel restrictions, new social norms, loss of work, tolls on mental health. Although we are experiencing post-covid environment, but we still have very strong subconscious and awareness such as to have social distancing with other people.

37THEMEPOST-COVID ENVIRONMENT / KHOR QIU MEI

IMPACT ON ARTS SECTOR Arts and culture have experienced significant economic setbacks from COVID-19. Across the spectrum of artistic and creative endeavors, restrictions on gatherings, changes in consumer behavior (voluntary or otherwise), and severe unemployment have taken a devastating toll on the sector. The full scope and scale of the impact can be hard to discern, in part because of the size and diversity of the industries and occupations that consti tute arts and culture.

The overview impact of COVID-19 on the Arts and Cultural Sector of the United States

38THEMEPOST-COVID ENVIRONMENT / KHOR QIU MEI

IMPACT ON ARTISTS this pandemic has affected various forms of artistic activities and the income of all arts artists and galleries. The cancellation of art projects and exhibitions has greatly affected the artist's source of income as well as disrupted the sale of works and forms of art appre ciation. The crisis has also opened up a new form to the arts industry by looking at alternative approaches to the continuity of the arts field by switching to virtual or online methods. This emerging crisis of COVID-19 might be the starting point for all art practitioners including artists, art critics, galleries or museums, col lectors, and curators in using the online space to continue to capitalize on and expand the arts industry. The last performance of 'Screaming in Silence' by Parastoo before the upcoming new show 'Yesterday Once More 3' by klpac Sutra dancers “This would have been the biggest project pro duced by us,” says producer Amin Kamrani. “We had even sold out one of the shows.”

For now, the cast and crew are more worried about their welfare during the crisis. “It’s a hard situation for refugees in Malaysia as many have lost their jobs due to the closure of businesses. A lot of sacri fices were made for this project. None of us has been paid yet as we were waiting for ticket sales and sponsorships,” Amin explains.

How will we recover from our losses? What about the well-being of us as dancers?”

39THEMEPOST-COVID ENVIRONMENT / KHOR QIU MEI

From as early as February right up to the day the MCO was announced, the team was working to keep the shows, such as Yesterday Once More 3, going. “Director Ian (Chow) would come and tell me about his plans for 1m social distancing seating and trying to work with allowing only 250, then 50, people per show. Rehearsals were happening even the night before,” Ang says. Ang of klpac puts it realistically: “Post-MCO chal lenges are very real because the very nature of our business requires an audience, and as people are drained financially, it’ll take a long time to recover. It’s not just a matter of rescheduling. Postpone ment is a loss. If shows are pushed to next year and we stage only one show a year, this year is a loss. For us, venue rental picks up from mid to year-end. For ASK Dance Company, the postponement of their show, 3 Faces, is but the tip of the iceberg. The young professional dance company, one of the few full-time ones in Malaysia, funds itself largely through public classes and commercial perfor mances. “The current situation is driving us to the point of madness, thinking how we can sustain our company,” says full-time member Kimberly Yap. “We were just getting more regular students but that has been affected. Our outside jobs that help pay our overheads and production costs have also been cancelled. What we fear more is post-MCO.

COVID-19 IMPACT TO THE ARTS REPORT 40THEMEPOST-COVID ENVIRONMENT / KHOR QIU MEI

COVID-19 IMPACT TO THE ARTS REPORT 41THEMEPOST-COVID ENVIRONMENT / KHOR QIU MEI

04 SITE BUILDING INFO 42SITE BUILDING INFO

PULOLIMA SPACEEVENTRESTAURANTCOMMONGRINDMOJOANDBAR GRADENPULPY TAKEBAYASHIKAPPO TWOOX BOUTIQUEBATIK CHAMBER 3 LAYOUT PLAN (GROUND) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 43SITE BUILDING INFOGROUND FLOOR ANNOTATION / KHOR QIU MEI

LAYOUT PLAN (FIRST) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 SALOONSWITCHHAIR CONSULTANCYTAILOR SHADESKL BOUTIQUEBATIKOFFICE SPACEEVENT SPACEEVENT 44SITE BUILDING INFOFIRST FLOOR ANNOTATION / KHOR QIU MEI

LAYOUT PLAN (SECOND) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 45SITE BUILDING INFOSECOND FLOOR ANNOTATION / KHOR QIU MEI

ROOF PLAN SCALE 1:150 1:3000 1:20001:20001:30001:3000 1:2000 46SITE BUILDING INFOROOF ANNOTATION / KHOR QIU MEI

SITE PLAN (GROUND) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 ENTRANCE PARKING LOT JALAN DORAISAMY JALAN DORAISAMY PULOLIMA SPACEEVENTRESTAURANTCOMMONGRIDNMOJOANDBAR GRADENPULPY TAKEBAYASHIKAPPO TWOOX BOUTIQUEBATIK CHAMBER3 47SITE BUILDING INFOSITE PLAN / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

PULOLIMA SPACEEVENTRESTAURANTCOMMONGRIDNMOJOANDBAR GRADENPULPY TAKEBAYASHIKAPPO TWOOX BOUTIQUEBATIK CHAMBER3 B A C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 LAYOUT PLAN (GROUND) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 70970 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 2889 1425 21413 3788 4275 1950 5400 6000 A A' B B' 48SITE BUILDING INFOGROUND FLOOR PLAN / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

LAYOUT PLAN (FIRST) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 SALOONSWITCHHAIR CONSULTANCYTAILOR SHADESKL BOUTIQUEBATIKOFFICE SPACEEVENT SPACEEVENT B A C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 70970 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 2889 1425 21413 3788 4275 1950 5400 6000 A A' B B' 49SITE BUILDING INFOFIRST FLOOR PLAN / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

LAYOUT PLAN (SECOND) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 B A C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 70970 30375 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 4324 21413 3788 4275 7350 6000 A A' B B' 50SITE BUILDING INFOSECOND FLOOR PLAN / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

ROOF PLAN SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 1:3000 1:30001:3000 1:2000 B A C D E F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 70970 30375 30375 6075 4324 21413 3788 4275 7350 6000 A A' B B' 1:20001:2000 51SITE BUILDING INFOROOF PLAN / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

SECTION A-A' SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 71869 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 3750 1294 SECTION B-B' SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 GROUND FLOOR LEVEL FIRST FLOOR LEVEL SECOND FLOOR LEVEL 21413 3788 4275 7350 6000 B FEDA C GROUND FLOOR LEVEL FIRST FLOOR LEVEL 52SITE BUILDING INFOSECTION DRAWINGS / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL 1413121110987654321 71869 1294375060756075607560756075607560756075607560756075 ELEVATION BACK SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 GROUND FLOOR LEVEL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 71869 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 6075 3750 1294 ELEVATION FRONT SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 53SITE BUILDING INFOELEVATION DRAWINGS / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

E ABCDF 21413 60005400195042753788 ELEVATION LEFT SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 21413 3788 4275 7350 6000 ELEVATION RIGHT SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 B FEDA C GROUND FLOOR LEVEL GROUND FLOOR LEVEL 54SITE BUILDING INFOELEVATION DRAWINGS / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

55SITE DRAWING 05 SITE DRAWING

THE ROW KL - ISOMETRIC VIEW 56SITE DRAWING3D MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

THE ROW KL - ISOMETRIC VIEW 57SITE DRAWINGSECTIONAL STRUCTURE MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

THE ROW KL - ISOMETRIC VIEW 58SITE DRAWING3D MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

THE ROW KL - ISOMETRIC VIEW 59SITE DRAWING3D MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

60SITE DRAWING3D MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

61SITE DRAWING3D MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

THE ROW KL . BUILDING STRUCTURE 1.LEGENDROOF TILES 2. ROOF PURLINS 3. 2ND FLOOR ROOF TILES 4. TRUSSED RAFTERS 5. BRICK WALL WITH PLASTER FINISHING 6. I-SECTION STEEL COLUMN 7. REINFORCEMENT RIGID 6 62SITE DRAWINGSTRUCTURE MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

STRUCTURE 1 STRUCTURE 1 REINFORCED CONCRETE SKELETON CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE 2 STRUCTURE 3 STRUCTURE 4 STRUCTURE 2 I-SECTION STEEL SKELETON CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE 3 REINFORCED CONCRETE SKELETON CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE 4 REINFORCED CONCRETE SKELETON CONSTRUCTION

The structure Support the roof only by linear elements (columns), so the space under it is not defined in the two horizontal dimensions and has a two-dimensional relationship with exterior space.

This type offers great freedom for the introduction of generous openings which can be introduced on all sides.

63SITE DRAWINGSECTIONAL STRUCTURE MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

Introduction The building it has already rebuild by Studiobikin, they are divided into 4 different construction structure with all skeleton construction.

64SITE DRAWINGSECTIONAL STRUCTURE MODEL / CHUAH YI WU

Trussed frame with one direction roof structure I-channel steel column and beam Steel is tensile and has a high strength to weight ratio which means it has high strength per unit mass. So no matter how large the overall structure is, the steel sections will be small and lightweight, unlike other building materials. Steel can be easily fabricated and produced massively. Steel sections can be produced off-site at shop floors and then assembled onside. This saves time and increas es the efficiency of the overall construction process. Structural steel is very flexible. You can mould it into any shape, without changing its properties. You can convert it into sheets or turn it into wires as per the design. Structural steel is relatively cheap compared to other building materials. It is very durable. Struc tural steel structures can withstand external pressures such as eart quakes, thunderstorms, and cyclones. A wellbuilt steel structure can last up to 30 years if maintained well.

STRUCTURE 2- CUT SECTION STRUCTURE 4 - CUT SECTION

65SITE DRAWINGDETAILED CONSTRUCTION METHOD / CHUAH YI WU

STRUCTURE 1 - CUT SECTION ISOMETRIC

Short columns are members in which the least cross-sectional dimension pres ent is appreciable relative to the length of the member. The load-carrying capacity of a short column is ind pendent of the length of the member, and when excessively loaded, the short column typically fails by crushing. Conse quently, its ultimate loadcarrying capacity depends primarily on the strength of the material used and its cross-sectional area. As a compressive member becomes longer and longer, the relative proportions of the member change to the extent that it can be described as a slender element, or long column. The behavior of a slender element under a compressive load differs dramatically from that of a short column

66SITE DRAWINGDETAILED CONSTRUCTION METHOD / CHUAH YI WU

67USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONS 06 USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONS

1 2 3 6 1.LEGENDChamber 3 2. Batik boutique 3. Two OX 4. Kappo Takebayashi 5. Lima Pulo 6. Pulpy garden 7. Slate (Event space) 8. Mojo restaurant and Bar 9. Common Grid 4 75 9 8 ENTRANCE PULOLIMA SPACEEVENTRESTAURANTCOMMONGRIDMOJOANDBAR GRADENPULPY TAKEBAYASHIKAPPO TWOOX BOUTIQUEBATIK CHAMBER33 LAYOUT PLAN (GROUND) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 68USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSRETAIL ANALYSIS / CHUAH YI WU

121110 13 10.LEGENDBatik boutique office 11. Shade Kl 12. Tailor consultancy 13. Switch hair saloon 14. Event spce 14 LAYOUT PLAN (FIRST) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 SALOONSWITCHHAIR CONSULTANCYTAILOR SHADESKL BOUTIQUEBATIKOFFICE SPACEEVENT SPACEEVENT 69USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSRETAIL ANALYSIS / CHUAH YI WU

16 15 16.15.LEGENDBalconyAlltheamazing (photography studio) LAYOUT PLAN (SECOND) SCALE 1: 250 @ A3 70USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONS FUN RETAILPALACEANALYSIS / CHUAH YI WU

COVID 19 does not affected their business, they still have their frequent/fixed customer to come and buy their products and design. People get to know the place by social media like IG/FB and by mouth to mouth promote by the customer due to their good services.

COVID-19GOALSSERVICESBUSINESS

To empower hundreds of artisans like Ana, offering them a fair and sustainable income producing beautiful, high quality fashion and gifts.

shoppingIn-store Self-pickup shoppingOnline Delivery

Empowering artisans in Malaysia WorkshopBatik-fabric clothing Gifts

IMPACT 71USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - RETAIL / LEE JING WEI

The Batik Boutique founder; Ana with her team member

Hand-made, beautiful batik products with a cause

BATIK BOUTIQUE Batik Boutique is an award-winning social enterprise created to disrupt the cycle of poverty in Malaysia. They empower artisans from marginalised communities to produce fair fashion, home goods and accessories made from a traditional Malaysian fabric called batik. They work with rural and urban batik artisans across Malaysia to create batik textiles on natural fibres. The fabric is then sent to the seamstresses at our training centre to create products in designs that people will love. Through the model, they are able to alter the circumstances of marginalised communities by providing employment opportunities, sustainable incomes, and skills to achieve financial independence. To date, they have worked with over 200 artisans and impacted the lives of more than 1,400 local beneficiaries. You can feel good knowing each purchase directly benefits the artisan who handcrafted the products and helps weave change in the lives of their families and communities.

Pulpy Garden founder, Josephine PULPY GARDEN Pulpy Garden is an urban plant shop for urban plant lovers who was founded by Josephine better known as Josuccs. They specialise in local and imported succulents as well as indoor house plants. As urbanites, they want to encourage people to bring more plants home or to their office environment as it is proven that being around plants makes people happier and healthier. They also want people know a fact that plants can clean the air that people breathe. So, they think finding new plants should be, easy and convenient. Therefore, our business started off as an online business first while they are setting up their physical store that will be ready soon. This is to give busy working urbanites the opportunity to shop for their favourite plants whenever and wherever they are. Their mission is to make the experience of discovering the perfect potted plants for people environment as wonderful as the plants themselves. Let’s try to recycle, re-use, reduce waste or zero waste to save Mother Earth.

Save the Mother Earth Improve urbanities environment Promote a healthy lifestyle to everyone

They have their own website but mostly people get to know the place by social media like IG/. COVID 19 does not affected their business, their online business increases due to the high demand during the MCO. Self-pickup shoppingOnline Delivery

shoppingIn-store

COVID-19GOALSSERVICESBUSINESS IMPACT 72USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - RETAIL / LEE JING WEI

The café itself offers customers hearty meals such as Vietnamese chicken salad, Mississippi mud pies, and pasta with parmesan, spinach, and walnuts. Patrons can enjoy meals while the café plays soothing songs by James Bay, and Coldplay in the background. Take your time and browse to your heart’s content

COVID-19 BUSINESS IMPACT

shoppingIn-store Self-pickup shoppingOnline DeliveryDine-in SERVICES Cafeteria Gifts and Decor COVID 19 affected some of their business, customer cannot directly go inside to dine in cafeteria. They need to book an appointment first for the seat. Many customer feel incovenient or troublesome so the cafeteria business is affected a little bit but in the retail, it does not affected too much due to the online shopping become everyone option fast and convenient for their supported.

https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/

73USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - F&B / LEE JING WEI

The cafeteria and retails links together SHADES Formally known as Peter Hoe café, S H A D E S is a brand that specialises in both retail and cafe. Shades features a boutique that is surrounded by a vast amount of colourful wearables and homeware. It is known for their homemade quiche, pasta, salad and dessert especially for those in the know.

SeafoodSushi Sashimi

COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS

https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/ Innovative without being over the topclear focus on taste and presentation Self-pickupDine-in

IMPACT 74USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - F&B / LEE JING WEI

COVID 19 is affected a lot of Kappo Takebayashi business, their business is about 65% decreased compared to previous normal business hour. They did not join to the online delivery like Grab Food or Foodpanda because they want to keep the taste and freshness of the food. Although they did not join the online delivery but they have offer food pick-up. Even their business is affected but they did not give up, they still keep updated and active in social media to promote their restaurant.

KAPPO TAKEBAYASHI Takebayashi is the first of its kind - a Japanese restaurant specialising in Kappo-style cuisine. The restaurant is not as huge as most Japanese restaurant but is well-designed to echo a Zen-minimalist Japanese restaurant. A vertical Japanese sushi bar that takes up half the restaurant space for avid diners who loves to catch some chef actions. There are tables set along the bar in parallel against the glass wall to soak in the natural city elements and scene as well. According to Takebayashi-san, Japanese Kappo can be defined as a multi-course meal prepared by the chef in front customers and served directly to them. The small and intimate ambience enables customers to see each dish being prepared using the freshest, seasonal ingredients in close proximity at the kitchen counter.

Kappo Takebayashi founder

COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS

East-west fusion light meals Coffee CakesPatries https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/ Coffee, because it's too early for wine

The Commond Grind COMMON GRIND Hidden gem within the city. Common Grind prides itself by bringing the best of KL's coffee culture to The Row KL, accompanied by delicious pastries, cakes and east-west fusion light meals. The café is known for its friendly and enthusiastic staff! Almond Salted Caramel Mille Crepe is also highly recommended.The food menu at Common Grind is bound by seasonal changes. The front patio is leafy and shaded, with comfy seats and tables where you can chat discreetly with your friends. If you prefer cooler temperatures, choose a cushioned seat inside. There are many places with plug points where you can use your laptop or other gadgets. The cafe has a private corner towards the back where customer can sit if they want more privacy. The area is shielded from the main area by a wall, and is just beside the toilet. It’s a charming spot if they really don’t want to be disturbed.

Food DeliverySelf-pickupDine-in

IMPACT 75USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - F&B / LEE JING WEI

COVID 19 affected a lot of Common Grind businesses; their business is decreased about 40% compared with the normal business. But the business is recovery slowly from September 2021. During the pandemic, they joined the online delivery such as Grab Food and Foodpanda to maintain the business earning.

The restaurant operating hours is 12pm to 12am. It is open everyday included public holiday. Every saturdays and mid week have some cool live music in Kuala Lumpur. Customer can enjoy the live music at night while having their dinner on the large seating both inside and outside. The restaurant not allowed smoking inside while outside seating permits smoking. The restaurant affected a lot by the covid-19, their business is decreased about 85% compare to the normal business. They did not join to the online delivery like Grab Food or Foodpanda. This is one of the reason why their business decreased more than 50%. The restaurant still in the condition of temporarily closed until now. Thai cuisine Live music

Bar

Raise our bar, support local Self-pickupDine-in COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS IMPACT 76USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - F&B / LEE JING WEI

The Chamber 3 CHAMBER 3 A live music restaurant and bar that offers a vast range of food and drinks, including their best-selling signature Thai cuisine. Din & Fai Koh Chicken & Duck Rice is one of their famous cuisine which only available during lunch on weekdays. Staying true to their social mission to support and develop homegrown music talents, Chamber 3 aims to do the same for Malaysian artists at its first regional outpost in Kuala Lumpur.

https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/ The 2OX 2 OX One of Kuala Lumpur's newest Bistro and Bar, bringing French chic to a revitalised The Row KL, with classic bistro favourites and exciting wines at reasonable prices. Feel transported to a Parisian café, where the atmosphere is relaxed and informal, the interior is comfortable and the service is warm and friendly.

Trained in France, Verona, Italy, and Vienna, Austria, he has developed expertise in cooking modern Southern French, Mediterranean cuisine, and all that, can be experienced at 2OX at The Row KL!

French cruisine Bar Self-pickupDine-in COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS

Chef Philippe Murray Dominic, the person behind the traditional French cuisine yet with a modern twist, has over 10 years of culinary experience and had worked for various famous French Chefs throughout his career.

The restaurant affected a lot by the covid-19, their business decreased about 65% compare to the normal business. They did not join to the online delivery like Grab Food or Foodpanda but they provided self-pickup service for their fixed supported customer. Customer have to make a reservation first through their website before they come to dine in to eansure staff and customer safety.

The ingredients used in preparing delicious delights are carefully selected with the majority imported fresh from Europe, including artisanal cheeses. As the saying goes, good food taste better with good wine, and 2OX makes attractive and fine wine accessible and reasonable. Wines by the glass allow you to experiment, discover and indulge in wines from different regions and of different styles of liking.

IMPACT 77USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - F&B / LEE JING WEI

The founder of Lima Pulo Uncle John, 73 years old this year, is still as gung-ho in serving up his legacy of scrumptious Nyonya cuisine as he was in his early years. To Uncle John, it is his duty to continue to dish up his family’s recipes and share the dishes with foodies from all over the world. The exterior of LimaPulo looks like any other normal restaurant. But LimaPulo’s interior resembles an olden day coffee shop, using only olden days furniture – wooden tables and colourful metal chairs, and old random stuff as decors – old suitcases, some very unique black and white paintings of beautiful ladies with red lips, an old Pepsi wooden tray and etc. COVID 19 affected a lot of their businesses at the early stage. Their business is decreased about 60% compared with the normal business. But the business is recovery slowly after they started to join into online delivery services.

https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/ Food DeliverySelf-pickupDine-in

Baba-Nyonya Cuisine

COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS IMPACT 78USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - F&B / LEE JING WEI

I am not working for money, I am working for passion and love. Limapulo is the go-to for authentic Baba Nyonya cusine and a wonderland for Instagram enthusiasts. The restaurant strive to provide the greatest authenticity possible to allow the customers to enjoy the most original taste of Nyonya dishes with reasonable price. Housed in an old colonail-style building, the restaurant is dotted with plenty of old school knick knacks, furniture and posters. It is a space for nostalgic charms of yesteryears cleverly matched together. Walking into the restaurant, diners are taken down memory lane of Baba Nyonya era with all its reconditioned furniture, old school memorabilia, and signboards. A touch of new life is injected through several pieces of modern art posters.

LIMA PULO

Decor-wise, Mojo Restaurant & Bar Kuala Lumpur is a kitschy combination of retro portraits of American pop icons adorning the maroon-hued walls, comfy black and white seats, glittering chandeliers, and unobtrusive music playing in the background. During weekends, diners are treated to regular live performances by foreign and local acts, as well as DJs spinning R&B and retro tunes. Sports fans can also watch live sporting events shown via satellite TV, or play a round of pool and darts upstairs. Their custom-made communal tables at the garden area offer a cozy get-together set up for you to connect and chill with friends and family over delicious, scrumptious food and exceptional drinkS.

Local & International cuisine Beer garden

https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/ Self-pickupDine-in

The restaurant affected a lot by the covid-19, their business is decreased about 70% compared to the previous normal business. They have a hard time during pandemic because they did not join online food delivery platform like Grab Food and Foodpanda but their business recovery gradually from September.

Thre Mojo Restaurant MOJO RESTAURANT Mojo is a restaurant, bistro and sports bar housed in an 80-year-old pre-war building in The Row KL. Situated opposite Sheraton Imperial Kuala Lumpur, the two-storey establishment offers a diverse selection of international and local cuisine, ranging from Italian, German and Spanish to Japanese, Malaysian and Thai fare. The restaurant’s friendly staff and laidback ambiance makes it a suitable place for romantic dinners and social gatherings.

COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS

IMPACT 79USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - F&B / LEE JING WEI

IMPACT 80USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONS FUN PALACE USER INTERVIEW - OFFICE & SERVICES / LEE JING WEI

https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/ shoppingIn-store Self-pickup shoppingOnline Delivery

The Switch Hair Salon Hair services & treatment Japanese hair products SWITCH HAIR SALON Switch Hair Salon is dedicated to consistently provide high customer satisfaction whether it is by appointment or walk-in by rendering excellent service, quality hair products, and furnishing an enjoyable atmosphere. The salon is providing tip-top Japanese hair services and sell imported Japanese hair products.

The founder of the Switch Hair Salon is a Japanese man called Takeshi Odera. There are a lot of returning customers have claimed to love the services provided by Takeshi Odera as he single-handedly provide extra tender, love and care to his customers' hair - making walking out from the salon extra gorgeous and sassy. Salon is located at the first floor, above Slate. The operating hours is on Tuesday to Sundays from 10.30pm to 7.30pm and closed on Monday due to the busy weekend. Most of the people get to know the place by social media like IG/FB and by mouth to mouth promote by the customer due to their good services. COVID 19 does not affected their business, they have many returning customer to come and highlighting their hair. They also provided online shopping to sell their products and their products selling on online has a higher demand from the customer,so it does not affect too much.

COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS

“It’s not just what you wear, but also how you carry yourself”

Connoisseur Bespoke Tailoring is established by two talented gentlemen who provide great services at making sure that their clients are well-dressed with the best and perfect-fit suit. With a vision of stepping out of the old fashion tailoring business, Isaac and Karl designed their office with modern yet rustic concept that omits the Scandinavian vibe.

IMPACT 81USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - OFFICE & SERVICES / LEE JING WEI

CONNOISSEUR BESPOKE TAILORING

Image ConsultingBespoke Tailoring/MTM Corporate Services https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/

COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS

Connoisseur Bespoke uses only the finest fabrics from Italy and UK, stitching confidence and class together with materials from Holland & Sherry, Loro Piana, Lanificio Cerruti, Ermenegildo Zegna, Dormeuil, Standeven, Carlo Barbera, Vitale Barberis Canonico and more. The classic pure wool suit is also on the list here, made breatheable in our intense heat with lightweight wool. The tailor is located at the first floor, above Lima Pulo and The Pokemist. Its operating hours on weekdays is from 11am to 6.30pm, weekends by appointment only and closed on public holidays. Isaac Hor has 6 years of experience in bespoke tailoring industry (and counting). He is a fitter, bespoke specialist. He believe that everyone deserves the best that life has to offer. A certified image consultant with more than 8 years of proven experience in the bespoke tailoring industry as well as a professional men’s wear consultant and grooming expert. Challenges they faced in COVID 19. It affected a lot of their businesses; their business is decrease about 76% compare with previous normal business. Most of their works need to close contact with the client like measuring body size. So, it is quite hard to let client believe they are safe or no infected by the virus. Customer have to make a reservation first through their website before they come to tailor for ensuring everyone safety.

shoppingIn-store Self-pickup shoppingOnline Delivery

Co-founderIssac Hor Karl Yee The Connisseur Bespoke Tailoring

A team of four professional photographers, who come from different cultural backgrounds is a leading creative photography collective in music, entertainment and nightlife industry.

ALL IS AMAZING All Is Amazing is a professional event and creative photography company based in one of the South East Asias most vibrant city. In 2013, Malaysia's most prominent music and lifestyle magazine JUICE awarded one of the team member "Best Party Photographer in Malaysia" title. They love to create amazing visuals. They work together with agencies, labels, and organisations on numerous projects including projects such as; documentary, portraiture, food & beverage, lifestyle, interior, travel, cultural, fashion, event, music, editorial, commercial photography, and others bespoke shoot tailored to client’s requirement. From a boutique and high-end shows for Gucci, Rolex, Hermes or Givenchy to a sold-out weekend-long music and art festivals, from regional music bands to the world known music titans like The Killers, Selena Gomez, Tame Impala and such profound DJs like Moby, Armin van Buuren and Tiësto.

COVID-19SERVICESBUSINESS

https://www.in sta gram.com/the batikbou tique/?hl=en https://ww w.face book.com/th ebatikbou tique/ photographyIn-store photoSelf-pickup

IMPACT 82USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER INTERVIEW - OFFICE & SERVICES / LEE JING WEI

The All is amazing studio VideographyPhotography Studio Booking COVID 19 affected a lot of their business compared to the normal business. Photography is jobless during pandemic, so they changed the photography into a studio and having some events not only photography.

The reason why they opened here is because THE ROW is a free, calm and fun place to have photography. But their studio is difficult to find because it located at the 3rd floor and without signage so normally people will don’t know the place but they still have some fixed clients who know the place. They hopes that can have a lift so that everyone will not so tired to climb up for photography.

Paulius Staniunas Tay Keen Meng Ryan Danish Best MalaysiaJuiceawardPhotographyPartyfrom Best Photography Services in Malaysia by thefunempire

event

SLATE Slate at The Row is designed from 1940s pre-war shop houses, readapted into a vibrant enclave giving the space a fresh look while maintaining the rustic structures. As Slate is an empty venue space, it is often a go-to space for many big brands in hosting corporate events from annual dinner to media events, as well as private events such as wedding receptions and birthday parties.

DECK A rooftop venue which is a perfect outdoor space to have barbecue parties, cocktail parties, social gatherings and corporate functions alike. Deck at The Row is designed for a private and cosy-vibe kind of functions and is equipped with bar area for making it perfect for running events that require more than just tables in preparing drinks. The size of the space is about 2,000sqft and well-equiped events space with all amenities such as bar counter, 2units of chillers, barbecue pit, storage room and washrooms. It is able to accomodate a maximum of 100 pax seated and 150 pax standing. Open space parking is located directly behind The Row (Entrance located behind Chamber 3). Availability for 24 from Monday to Sunday upon appointment. Slate does not come with any stage set-up, audio and visual equipment, as well as furniture.

Weekday Rate Full day : RM11,000 Half day RM6,500 Set up day : RM5,500 Weekend Rate Full Day RM12,000 Half Day : RM7,000 Setup Day : RM6,000 Pricing & PackagesPricing & Packages

Private Events Pricing Description

Corporate Pricing Description

Rental Rates Full Day : RM5,000 Half Day/Setup Day RM3,500 - Half day rental constitutes rental for only 5 hours inclusive of set up and tear down. - Any additional hours after the 5 hours will be considered as full day rate. meeting production pop-up 250max

The size of the space is about 3,300sqft and well-equiped events space with all amenities such as air-sonditioning, pantry, washroom, disable-friendly washroom, storage room, AV facilities, PA system, wireless microphones and WiFi. It is able to accomodate a maximum of 180 pax seated and 250 pax standing reception. 2 parking bays located in front of Slate are reserved for clients. Open space parking is located directly behind The Row. Availability for 24 hours full day rental from Monday to Sunday.

Full Day: RM8,000 Half Day: RM5,000 *Half day rental constitutes rental for only 5 hours inclusive of set up and tear down. Any additional hours after the 5 hours will be considered as full day rate

event meeting production pop-up 150max 83

USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSUSER RESEARCH - EVENT SPACE / LEE JING WEI

44% 8% 3% 84USER GROUP STUDIES & OBSERVATIONSEND USER DEMOGRAPHICS / LEE JING WEI

63% 11%

The proportion of children in The Row is very small, there are many bars selling beer or wine in these place, and it’s quite high expenses, not suitable for children unless accompanied by parent or guardian. (65%)

ETHNIC GROUPS LOCAL AND TOURIST MALAYCHINESEINDIANOTHERS SOCIAL ECONOMIC SELF-EMPLOYEDWAGESEARNERUNEMPLOYED

Minority user of The Row are unemployes due to resignation and most of them are elderly who stayed nearby. 26% (6%)

65>YEARSELDERLY

78% 22% AGES GROUP 0-14CHILDRENYEARS

Majority percentage user of The Row serve as the government servants or teacher and some are involved as employess of relevant local companies.

15-64ADULTSYEARS

Part of the user of The Row is mainly depending on-self business to maintain and support the economy of Kuala Lumpur.

Adults has the major percentage in The Row area as it showcasing an enticing diverse mix of independent restaurants & cafes with a refreshed look & leafy charm environment and these attracted adults to come enjoyed it. (29%) Elderly has the 29 percentage in The Row area as most of them are retired and enjoyed their life with the delicious cuisine. 65% 29% 45%

6%

85CASE STUDIES 07 CASE STUDIES

Cedric Price

Pask's cybernetics team proposed to treat "Fun Palace" as a building based on computer technology. The users of the building will be regarded as data. Put people sensors and access devices in the build ing to collect users' interests and activity preferences, and then assign priority levels. These data will be compiled by IBM360-30, the most advanced computer at the time, and general user trends will be Afterwards,established.the building will relocate movable walls and walkways according to user needs to form a space that meets user needs. This process will continuously optimize and self-improve through the accumulation of parameters.

The project was repeatedly hampered (with a suspense)in itsimplementation, and eventually Price had to give up. But thedesign of Fun Palacehas had a profound impact on future generations. It embodies a new way of thinking about architecture, whether it is the relationship between people and architecture or the relationship between architectural design and science and technology.

The original idea of "Fun Palace" actually came from a pioneer producer Joan Littlewood. She has always wanted to create a new theater model: "A theater is not composed of a stage, actors and audiences, but a purely performing and interactive theater, like a complex of London's public gardens, concert halls and streets. The audience is not just the audience, but the actors themselves. "

"Fun Palace" Design Process

(Cedric Price and structural engineer Frank Newby designed the structural matrix of the bridge crane to allow the assembly of prefabricated modules) Procedural cybernetics diagram designed by Gordon Pask for Fun Palace

Joan Littlewood

Fun Palace" and Cybernetics Fun Palace will eventually develop into a complex of architecture, theatre, and new construction tech niques if it’s over. But it's not that simple. Cedric Price thinks: His ideas coincided with Gordon Pask, a cybernetic expert at the time. Immediately afterwards, the design of "Fun Palace" deviated from the normal architectural design process and began to develop in computer technology, psychology and sociology.

design drawings that this is a completely exposed steel structure, with space created by prefabricated modules. Almost all components can be dismantled, moved, and reassembled.

The Fun Palace 86CASE STUDIESGROUP / LEE JING WEI

Of course, architects are not to be outdone. At that time, the British construction industry and engi neering equipment exhibition industry developed rapidly, which gave birth to the avant-garde archi tecture group Archigram at that time. Price studied at Cambridge University and AA College in this context. Therefore, many of his designs are not buildings in the traditional sense, but rather consider a kind of uncertainty and instability.

In the 1960s after World War II, Britain began to gradually recover its economy and prospered its soci ety. Young people yearn for freedom and advocate enjoyment. "Time" also gave London a small nick name "swinging London" (swinging London). Both music fashion and social development have been

José Hernández (2015) From the Fun Palace to the Generator Cedric Price and the conception of the first intelligent building. ARQ (Santiago) Available at: lo.php?pid=S0717-69962015000200007&script=sci_arttext&tlng=enhttps://www.scielo.cl/scie

“The key pioneers of game theory were mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern in the Game1940s.theory has a wide range of applications, including psychology, evolutionary biology, war, politics, econom ics, and business.”

Price, Little Wood, and Pask considered that Fun Palace could be controlled by Cybernetics analysis of usage pattern. Fun Palace as a giant me chanized shipyard  it requires “system” to work out by its own. Pask plans to use an array of sensors and inputs that would provide real-time feedback on use and occupancy to computers

How Cybernetic & Game Theory Combine Zhen Chuen’s Thoughts

Using game theory, real-world scenarios for such situations as pricing competition and product releases (and many more) can be laid out and their outcomes predicted. Scenarios include the prisoner's dilemma and the dictator game among many others.

87CASE STUDIESGROUP / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

Stanley, M. (2005). The Fun Palace: Cedric Price’s experiment in architecture and technology. Technoetic Arts, 3(2), pp.85-86.

How it Works in Fun Palace? Game Theory

Cybernetics & Game Theory

BBC News (2015) Can game theory explain the greek debt crisis? BBC Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33254857

The latest computerized punch card system would track and allot resources for various activities. theoretical framework to conceive social situations among competing players and produce optimal decision-making of independent and competing actors in a strategic setting.Cybernetic could help Fun palace to generate sta tistics of what the audience want and control them In a systematic way. But Game Theory are able to calculate and predict what audience want and "Long term performative Strategies” In Conclusion, the idea of applying cybernetic & Gametheory system in operating a Building is pretty Insane and Impossible back then in 1962. Therefore, this Idea is actually happening in today, technologies are improving and people would accept this innovations.

Father of Cybernetic: Norbert Wiener Fun Palace’s Cybernetician: Gordon Pask Game theory Pioneer: John Von Neumann “The science of communication and control theory that is concerned especially with the comparative study of automatic control systems (such as the nervous system and brain and mechanical-electrical communication systems)”

88CASE STUDIESGROUP / GOH ZENG HUANG

89CASE STUDIESGROUP / GOH ZENG HUANG

Archigram's Plug-In City 1962-1964 Interestingly, Pieter Bruegel painted in the sixteenth century a representation of the Tower of Babel as building that is constantly redefining its needs, as it grows larger and more complex. The painting depicts a tower piercing the clouds, show ing all the problems then associated with cities, buildings and life within and the constant change and reaction to new situations during the process of building.

90CASE STUDIESGROUP / KHOR QIU MEI

ARCHIGRAM PLUG-IN CITY

The problem with that framing is that Archigram’s work still looks decidedly like the future , half a century later. It’s a big, bold look back at a group whose big, bold ideas—collectivist housing, flexible design, and architecture with wit, verve, and humor that seems transposed from comic books—made a massive impact on

P lug-In City was devised to promote the circulation and accelerate the city-in-flux . The clean, zoned, hierarchical separation that charac terized orthodox urban planning gave what to what Cook would call the “ come-go ” of Plug-In-city. Urban experience would consequently be less determine, physically and mentally. If city planning had tradi tionally encouraged contemplation of the fixed and ideal archi tectural object, Plug-In planning promoted architecture as an event that could only be realized by the active involvement of its inhabitants. It was a supposition that would be generally accepted by avant-gar des working in the wake of Archigram in the 1960s, such as Coop Him melblau, Haus-Rucker-Co, and Utopie.

Adesign.rchigram had not arrived at a workable architecture of technology and ‘‘environments’’, but they had come up with an attractive set of proposals for what this architecture might look like, and in doing so had most successfully achieved the powerful ‘‘ imagebility ’’.

This is one of their competition drawings as a collage works, which was portraying the museum itself as a movements. What is in my mind ?

2. Circulation / movements they apply

Why exposing the infrastructure of the building ?

In my opinion, it is influences by the works of Cedric Price who experimented in 1960s is because it contains a large six story coloumn (free space) and it allows the interior space ro be easily rearranged by placing building services.

91CASE STUDIESGROUP / TAN ZHAN ZHAO

1. Exposing infrastructure of the building

It helps to maximize the internal space when turned the contrusction inside - out and exposed a skeleton of brightly coloured tube for mechanical systems. How to identify the colour used for ? Blue is for air, green is for fluids, yellow is for electricity cables and red is for the movement and flow (elevators and stairs) and safety (fire extinguishers). But is this influences by the ‘Fun Palace’ ?

In this project, they just influences the open forms and flexible space to conceptualize the Pompiduo Centre. How to form the movements in the space ?

Design Concept of the Pompiduo Centre

Jean Prouvé (April 8th, 1901 - March 23rd, 1984) a French engineer and designer Main achievement was transferring the manufacturing technology from industry to the architecture, without losing the aesthetic qualities.

an Italian-British architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs in high-tech architecture.

This school came together with the intent of making art readily accessible, to forge a relationship between art and industry, and to articulate a link between art and social consciousness.

Designed with Italian architect Renzo Piano, the art gallery has its structure and mechanical services visible on the exterior of the building, creating open, flexible interior spaces.

Renzo Piano (born 14 September 1937) a world renowned Italian architect and recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize. Piano was born in Genova, Italy, in 1937. His interest for architecture came from his father who was a builder. He was educated and subsequently taught at the Politecnico di Milano.

Best known for her work with Renzo Piano and her first husband, Richard Rogers, designing the ground-breaking, high-tech arts building, the Pompidou Centre

Born in Nancy so he grew up surrounded by the ideals and energy of his father Victor Prouvé's art collective, "l'École de Nancy".

Richard George Rogers (born 23 July 1933)

Perhaps Rogers' most famous building and a clear expression of his inside-out architecture, Centre Pompidou drew global attention to both its architects and the high-tech movement.

Susan Jane Rogers known as Su Rogers (born 22 February 1939)

92CASE STUDIESGROUP / LAI PI JIA

While there, he worked in the studio of Franco Albini, the master of Italian Neo-Rationalism, celebrated for elegantly melding the traditional and technological in his architecture and furniture design.

British-born architect and educator She was a co-founder and partner in Team 4, and a partner in Colquhoun, Miller and Partners, which became John Miller and Partners in 1990.

ARCHITECTURAL TEAM Centre Pompidou, Paris, France (1977)

Pair of X braces resolved into a single base to pin connection with the ground. Basement are made of reinforced concrete. The concrete below picks up the loads from the steel columns.

MATERIALSGlassI-beam Steel STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

By comparing with Fun Palace, the structure moves from the traditional organization of the structure to external which inspire by Fun Palace, so that the interior space can be more flexible and broad. Hollow round members are capped by cast U-shaped member. Fixed joints are designed to be stabiliser rather than to perform corporately with the main system.

From the inspration of Fun Palace, Centre Pompidou create three different circulation with two of the circulation by the tube pum bling idea. Fun Palace are using external circulation, however Centre Pompidou are not.

Although Centre Pompidou are successful in transforming the simple expediency of the Fun Palace into a formal exercise in high-tech aesthetics. However the other structure design by the Fun Palace are not used in Centre Pompidou. It is because the mechanical systems are most likely lead to failure.

CirculationVertical AirEmergencyCirculationConditionerSystemSteelStructure CirculationHorizontal 10 levels of 7,500m2 each Length: 166m Width: Height:60m42m

93CASE STUDIESGROUP / LAU HAO REN

CENTRE POMPIDOU

The Ballard Food Bank has expanded its services to meet the needs of the most vulnerable members of the community. Now in addition to addressing food inse curity, it provides social and medical services through collaborations with a variety of community partners.

The front door, while still visible from the main street, is set back along a side street to provide a more private and welcoming entry to the building.

ARCHITECT : GRAHAM BABA ARCHITECTS SIZE : 10,628 SQFT

2) The building must also efficiently and safely maximize the Food Bank’s ability to meet its mission so that it can reach as many of those in need as possible.

Directly inside, a wait ing area serves as a center point for the community with other services radiating out from a central service desk and seating area.

The new building was structured around two basic ideas:

1) An architecture of empathy requires that the final design create an inclusive, humane, and dignified place for those in our community often shunted into the most marginal of spaces in the city; and

The Kitchen serves as a community café and also allows the Food Bank to upcycle management.services,sistance,housingseling,calmailservicessocialtoThetritiousitemscommoditydonatedfoodintonumeals.HUBisdesignedhostavarietyofandmedicalincludingdelivery,mediservices,counfinancialandasveterans’andcase

94CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / KHOR QIU MEI

BALLARD FOOD BANK LOCATION : SEATTLE , WA PROJECT TYPES : COMMERCIAL , COMMUNITY

The vertical farming is using a small area that can produce the amount of restaurant needs also for retail. Use a plant as an installation to create an art green wall around the space.

Restaurant serve the fresh vege that are directly from the indoor farm. By combining the greenery and a dining area to let the customer sit down and feel the nature space in the busy city centre. A retail that are selling the indoor plants and Japan technology soil-PAFCALs. . They provides customer to choose types of vege and pack into a custom made box. They emphasize the quality not the quantity.

Having smell of the coffee and with the sight of greenery take customers to a sense of satisfaction and relaxation.

+VEGETORY +SUPĒSU Vegetory is a company that operates indoor urban farms based in Malaysia.

This is a combine of restaurant, indoor farm, cafe and nursery in the city centre. They are trying to bring awareness into the city that the impro tance of nature. They also provide tour and explanation on how it works in the room so the customer can have firsthand experience on how the indoor farming works. Having an outdoor sitting area let customer to feel the atmosphere with the greenery.

THE NATURAL FOREST IN URBAN JUNGLE MIDORIE MALAYSIA + + + 95CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / LAU HAO REN

Strength and Weakness Transition Tunnel Gaming Experience Future space AtriumEntertainment Area Available

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VR STAR PARK, China by BOSI Space Design by

Architects & Designers What is this Space about? When designing my METAVERSE project, I will focus more in the “Circular distribution principle” and do not waste the audience’s sight as they need to stay focus to have better experience. For design part I would also takecare of the similarity design that matches the METAVERSE exp:

TakeawaysFuturistic.

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96CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / ONG ZHEN CHUEN

is how the Designers counter the narrow Spaces with the use of Lighting & Materials. The outcome is futuristic which also achieve what a VR theme park and Exhi bition requires. The WEAKNESS of this project is a typical VR space but better in Design wise compare to other VR theme park. Which I think they can still improve on the programme part to make it more func tional and sustainable.

SpaceEntranceCirculation

Atrium

at: https://www.gooood.cn/vr-star-park-china-by-bosi-space-design.htmTheSTRENGTHofthisproject

Biggest integrated and comprehensive area in the country, combining VR indoor entertainment and exhibitions. Light and material changes are used to generate a diverse sensory experience for the audience using the spatial scale. It's not like a standard exhibition venue, which necessitates multi-disci plinary collaboration. Minimizing the Audience’s sights, to only let them to focus on the main thing “Core Space” which is why Atmosphere is dimmed. Also Prioritize only the main Components like VR machines. The atrium takes priority in this design. The designers created this space as the experience park's information integration centre, and have built multiple editions of the content display scheme, which is the project's crowning touch.

Effectiveness of art therapy

Why art therapy is important? How art therapy is going on? According to the Journal of the Art Therapy Association, less than an hour of creative activity can reduce your stress and have a positive effect on your mental health, regardless of artistic experience or talent

People do not need to have artistic ability or special talent to participate in art therapy, and people of all ages including children, teens, and adults can benefit from it. Some research suggests that just the presence of art can play a part in boosting mental health.

2. It's Not the Same as an Art Class

The goal of art therapy is to utilize the creative process to help people explore self-expression and, in doing so, find new ways to gain personal insight and develop new coping skills.

What are the things to be consider?

In studies of adults who experienced trauma, art therapy was found to significantly reduce trauma symptoms and decrease levels of depression. One review of the effectiveness of art therapy found that this technique helped patients undergoing medical treatment for cancer improve their quality of life and alleviated a variety of psychological symptoms. One study found that art therapy reduced depression and increased self-esteem in older adults living in nursing homes.

Art therapy is a technique rooted in the idea that creative expression can foster healing and mental well-being.

Techniques used in art therapy can include: Collage, Coloring, Doodling and scribbling, Drawing, Finger painting, Painting, Photography, Sculpting and Working with clay As clients create art, they may analyze what they have made and how it makes them feel. Through exploring their art, people can look for themes and conflicts that may be affecting their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

97CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / TAN ZHAN ZHAO

People often wonder how an art therapy session differs from an art class. Where an art class is focused on teaching technique or creating a specific finished product, art therapy is more about letting clients focus on their inner experience.

1. You Don't Have to Be Artistic

Art Therapy

LIGHT The natural light- is an ever changing element from sunrise to sunset. The materiality of light grows and varies throughout the day and becomes tangible, tracing invisible and suggestive lines, emphasizing shapes and shadows, articulating the variations of each of the inner rooms, thus giving them character

COLOR Colour and material - becomes an essential element within the space providing a sensory experience for physical activity.

Colour is used for its capacity to relax or activate, and assists in the stimulation of other senses that can work on an emotional level for the different activities carried out in the

centre.98CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / TAN ZHAN ZHAO

Colour and light - at its secondary level, is used not as a decorative element, but becomes an expressive instrument with a psychological-sensitive quality.

Yellow linoleum with its flexibility and the warm wood are placed on the ground in areas where the body has direct contact. Glazed ceramic, coated grey and wood are used in enclosed spaces as an unbiased softening quality; much like the white walls used in the general spaces acting as neutral and transformable support where light can be reflected.

The R3 centre is a unique place for recovery, maintenance and improvement of physical fitness intended for athletes. With an area of 230 m2 the R3 centre hosts a reception and entrance area, a central service core (changing rooms, bathrooms and storage) and a variety of different activity and training rooms. The R3 centre, located on the ground floor of a residential building is arranged within a grid of concrete pillars, which defines an internal order of the interior space. Through an economy of means the proposal sought simple, specific and versatile solutions that addressed basic requirements, like dressing rooms, service areas, lighting and storage. While at the same time incorporating and taking full advantage of interacting with the existing elements like the naked pillar structure, the outdoor trees and the open spaces to heaven. Air, light and colour, used in abundance were an essential element and consideration to the final design.

Active Therapy Center R3 Elements that apply is the spaces

GYMNASIUM, SPORTS INTERIORS • MANRESA, SPAIN

The vibration of the different colours becomes a support of encouragement in the activity of exercise or recovery.

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100CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / GOH ZENG HUANG

101CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / GOH ZENG HUANG

102CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / GOH ZENG HUANG

103CASE STUDIESINDIVIDUAL / GOH ZENG HUANG

104APPENDIX 08 APPENDIX

The Edge Markets. (2019). Streetscapes: The changing face of Jalan Doraisamy. [online] Available at: https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/streetscapes-chang ing-face-jalan-doraisamy [Accessed 8 Nov. 2021].

CHAI YEE HOONG (2015). Reviving heritage at The Row. [online] Edgeprop.my. Available at: https://www.edgeprop.my/content/reviving-heritage-row.

LING LOW (2015). Street Smart: The Row on Jalan Doraisamy. [online] Poskod Malaysia. Available at: https://poskod.my/features/street-smart-the-row-on-jalan-doraisamy/. Seng, A.T.L. (2019). How KL’s streets got their names | New Straits Times. [online] NST Online. Available at: https://www.nst.com.my/news/na tion/2019/10/531943/how-kls-streets-got-their-names- [Accessed 8 Nov. 2021].

The Star. (2008). The changing face of Chow Kit. [online] Available at: https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2008/04/28/the-changing-face-of-chow-kit [Accessed 8 Nov. 2021]. www.tourism.gov.my. (2018). DISCOVER KUALA LUMPUR FROM OF CHOW KIT Tourism Malaysia Corporate Site. at: https://www.tourism.gov.my/news/trade/view/discover-kuala-lum | Tun Razak

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Exchange. [online] Available at: Availablechowkitbaru.com.https://www.trx.my/city/colours-chow-kit.(n.d.).CHOWKITBARU.[online]at:http://chowkitbaru.com/whyo2o.html[Accessed 8 Nov. 2021]. REFERENCE LIST – SITE ANALYSIS 105APPENDIX

THE HEART

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www.trx.my.pur-from-the-heart-of-chow-kit.(n.d.).ColoursofChow Kit

Chee Mei, K. (2015, July 15). Site Analysis ( Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Chow Kit). Wordpress. Retrieved November 3, 2021, from https://khoocheemei.word press.com/2015/07/15/site-analysis-jalan-tuanku-abdul-rahman-chow-kit/LIST – SITE ANALYSIS Qayyum, M. (2018, December 23). ADP SITE ANALYSIS. Slideshare.

Retrieved November 4, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hly2YCkLW0I

Retrieved November 3, 2021, from https://www.slideshare.net/MirzaQayyum1/adp-site-analysis Eliza Tan. (2021, September 9). Assignment 1. YouTube. Vic Wolfe on Notion. Retrieved November 4, 2021, from https://flower-ash-464.notion.site/Assignment-1-3d6e130a1cad477aa5e64f6646310a0e よみ . (2021, September 9). THE OFFGRIDS: Chow Kit Site Analysis. YouTube.

Retrieved November 4, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeWP4FmCQyQ

Edward Loh. (2020, September 10). ADP Site Analysis : Chow Kit. YouTube.

106APPENDIX

REFERENCE

Lifehack. (2017). 7 Functions of Art That Make Us Empathetic Human Beings. [online] Available at: https://www.lifehack.org/525240/7-functions-art-that-make-empathetic-human-beings.

Cheema, S. (2021). 93% Of Malaysian Artists Have Been Negatively Impacted By COVID-19. Here’s What You Can Do. [online] Eksentrika. Available at: https://eksentrika.com/what-is-covid-19s-impact-on-the-arts-and-how-will-it-adapt/.

Ibrahim, A. (2018). What is Art? Why is Art Important? [online] The Artist - Art and Culture Blog. Available at: https://www.theartist.me/art/what-is-art/.

TheSmartLocal Malaysia - Travel, Lifestyle, Culture & Language Guide. Available at: https://thesmartlocal.com/malaysia/the-zhongshan-building/.

REFERENCE LIST – THEME AND BACKGROUND

Cho, J. (2020). The Zhongshan Building Is A Secret Hideout In KL With Indie Bookstores & Cosy Cafes. [online]

Marder, L. (2018). Ways of Defining Art. [online] ThoughtCo. Available at: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-definition-of-art-182707.

107APPENDIX

Centre

[online]

Available at: https://cargocollective.com/yutsengdesign/Archigram-Plug-In-City.

Graham Baba Architects. (n.d.). Ballard Food Bank. [online]

Available at: http://zeroplus-f14.sgp-a.com/group-02-plug-in-city-archigram/. Weiss, M. (n.d.). Archigram Plug-In City - Yu-Chang Tseng Architecture | Design. [online]

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2021].

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chitectural-structures/projects-631/Files/PompidouF16.pdfhttps://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/anichols/courses/applied-ar[Accessed8Nov.

Crook, L. (2019). Centre Pompidou Is high-tech architecture’s inside-out Landmark. [online] Dezeen. at: AvailableMidorieers-high-tech-architecture/.https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/05/centre-pompidou-piano-rogMalaysia.(2020).AboutMidorie-MidorieMalaysia.[online]at:https://midorie-malaysia.com/about-mori/[Accessed8Nov.2021].

REFERENCE LIST – CASE STUDY Anon, (n.d.). Group 02 – Plug-in city (Archigram) | ZEROPLUS Architectural Design Studio 2 Fall Semester 2014 Politecnico Milano. [online]

Adelyn Perez (2010). AD Classics: AD Classics: Centre Georges Pompidou / Renzo Piano Building Workshop + Richard Rogers. [online] ArchDaily. Available at: Baudrillard,es-pompidou-renzo-piano-richard-rogers.https://www.archdaily.com/64028/ad-classics-centre-georgJ.(1982).CentrePompidoubyRenzoPiano&RichardRogers(226AR)

— Atlas of Places. [online] www.atlasofplaces.com. Available at: https://www.atlasofplaces.com/architecture/centre-pompidou/. Georges Pompidou a Structural Case Study. (n.d.).

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POMPIDUO CENTER WHAT IS ART THERAPY ACTIVE CENTER R3 REFERENCE LIST – CASE STUDY Dezeen. (2021). Centre Pompidou in Paris faces four-year closure for repair works. [online] Available at: Dezeen.is-four-year-closure-repair-works/https://www.dezeen.com/2021/01/26/centre-pompidou-par[Accessed8Nov.2021].(2021).CentrePompidouinParisfacesfour-yearclosureforrepair works. [online] Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2021/01/26/centre-pompidou-paris-four-year-closure-repair-works/ [Accessed 8 Nov. 2021]. American Art Therapy Association (2017). About Art Therapy. [online] American Art Therapy Association. Available at: https://arttherapy.org/about-art-therapy/. Anon, (n.d.). What is Art Therapy? | Art Therapy Credentials Board, Inc. [online] Available at: https://www.atcb.org/what-is-art-therapy/. Archello. (n.d.). Active Therapy Center R3 | Gabriel Gomera. [online] Available at: https://archello.com/project/active-therapy-center-r3 [Accessed 8 Nov. 2021]. Designboom | architecture & design magazine. (2015). gabriel gomera studio uses color and light to motivate gym-goers at R3. [online] Available at: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/gabriel-gomera-studio-r3-04-28-2015/ [Accessed 8 Nov. 2021]. Centre Pompidou. (n.d.). Program. [online] Available at: https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/program [Accessed 8 Nov. 2021]. 109APPENDIX

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