T.L.L. Temple Foundation’s
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
JANUARY 2022
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This Texarkana Region Economic and Labor Market Profile is part of a series commissioned by the T.L.L. Temple Foundation, which includes the following reports: 1. Rural East Texas Economic Opportunity Analysis Summary Profile, 2. Beaumont-Port Arthur Region Economic and Labor Market Profile, 3. Lufkin-Nacogdoches Region Economic and Labor Market Profile, and 4. Texarkana Region Economic and Labor Market Profile.
The four profiles have also been collected into a comprehensive edition, titled “Rural East Texas Economic Opportunity Analysis.” The goals of this work are to strengthen the alignment of and linkages between the talent pipeline and key industry clusters in rural East Texas. Economic and labor market research was provided by Alexander Research and Consulting. Graphic design was completed by Safflor Design. All profiles are available for download from the T.L.L. Temple Foundation’s website at www.tlltemple.foundation.
ABOUT THE PROJECT SPONSORS AND CONSULTING TEAM The T.L.L. Temple Foundation works alongside rural communities to build a thriving East Texas and to alleviate poverty, creating access and opportunities for all. Sylvia Leal Senior Program Officer, Education and Economic Development sylvialeal@tlltemple.foundation Jerry Kenney Program Officer, Education and Economic Opportunity jerrykenney@tlltemple.foundation Alexander Research & Consulting provides insights and support to help organizations amplify their impact. I offer a wide range services - research, analytics, program evaluation, strategic planning, and implementation support – with a specialization in community, economic, and workforce development. Caroline Alexander Principal caroline@alexanderrc.com Non-credited images used in this report were licensed from Adobe Stock. Cover image and other Boggy Slough Nature Preserve images used with permission from Jay Brittain. All other images sourced as attributed.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Texarkana Region Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Summary of Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
TEXARKANA REGION LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Summary of Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
TEXARKANA REGION WORKFORCE DEMAND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Summary of Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
TEXARKANA REGION EDUCATION AND TRAINING INFRASTRUCTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Summary of Findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
KEY CONCEPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Definition of Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Image courtesy TLL Temple Foundation
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TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
Image by Tony Webster via Flickr
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
TEXARKANA REGION SUMMARY KEY FINDINGS The Situation
In terms of employment growth, the Texarkana region has consistently underperformed Texas and the US, and never fully recovered from the Great Recession before being hard-hit by Pandemic. Although two of its top industry sectors—retail and government—have been losing jobs, healthcare and manufacturing have made substantial gains. These two sectors are expected to continue to expand, bringing better paying, higher skill jobs to the region and setting the stage for a more robust future.
Economic Drivers The Texarkana region has a small cluster related to forestry and forest products, which shows up in the region’s industry and occupational strengths. Other important economic drivers include healthcare and manufacturing.
Workforce Demand Like the rest of the country, the Texarkana region has experienced a decline of middle-skill, middle-wage jobs, and this trend is expected to continue. These jobs require more than a high school diploma and less than a four-year degree. However, demand for higher skill jobs is growing. In-demand jobs that pay $15 per hour or higher include a wide range of middle- and high-skill
jobs in occupational families such as healthcare practitioners, education & training, transportation, and maintenance and repair. Most of the highskill occupations face below average automation risk; middle-skill occupations are more likely to face higher than average automation risk.
Educational Infrastructure and Alignment The region has 20 school districts and two public higher education institutions. Of the 1,400 high school graduates that can be tracked, about 70 percent are employed and 58 percent are enrolled in a postsecondary program. Of the students that are employed, about two-thirds work in retail or accommodations and food services. Of the students that are enrolled, the top destinations are Texarkana College, Northeast Texas Community College, and Texas A&MTexarkana. Texarkana College is the largest source of talent in the region, and Texas A&MTexarkana is a great source for talent with fouryear degrees or higher. These two institutions graduate about 1,300 students, which is fewer than the number of entry-level openings requiring a postsecondary degree. In other words, the talent pipeline from regional institutions falls short of demand. In particular, the regional postsecondary institutions are graduating only about 30 percent of the entry-level workers needed for health science and about 70 percent of the workers needed for education & training programs.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
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T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
COUNTIES
EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY Healthcare Retail Trade Government Education Accommodation &Food Services Manufacturing Construction Other Services (except Public Administration) Administrative &Support Services Transportation &Warehousing Wholesale Trade Finance &Insurance Professional, Scientific, &Technical Services Real Estate &Rental &Leasing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing&Hunting Arts, Entertainment, &Recreation Management of Companies &Enterprises Utilities Information Mining, Quarrying, &Oil &Gas Extraction
KEY STATISTICS
166,528 Population (2019)
-0.2%
Population Change (2014-2019)
68,083 Jobs (2020)
39,571
Openings (2021-2026)
10,891 8,228 7,558 6,746 6,626 5,581 3,620 3,615 2,974 2,940 2,474 1,808 1,478 896 759 528 427 317 314 301
TOP HIGH-DEMAND, HIGH-WAGE JOBS* OCCUPATION
OPENINGS (2021-2026)
1. Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
864
2. First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation & Serving Workers
491
3. Registered Nurses
476
4. First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers
450
5. General & Operations Managers
384
6. Correctional Officers & Jailers
335
7. Medical Secretaries & Administrative Assistants
319
8. Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
310
9. Bookkeeping, Accounting, & Auditing Clerks
304
10. Welders, Cutters, Solderers, & Brazers
301
11. Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses
300
12. Maintenance & Repair Workers, General
289
13. Secondary School Teachers, Except Special & Career/Tech. Education
266
14. First-Line Supervisors of Office & Administrative Support Workers
250
15. Project Mgmt. Specialists & Business Operations Specialists, All Other
242
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Page 2 header image by Jay Brittain. * Includes only occupations that pay more than $15.00 an hour and require some kind of postsecondary education.
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TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
Image by Michael Barera via Wikimedia Commons
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TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMY
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TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Texarkana region currently has an • The employment base of 68,083 jobs. Between
2019 and 2020, the regional employment base contracted by 3.2 percent. However, it had never fully recovered from the Great Recession.
retail trade; and government are • Healthcare; the largest sectors in the region. Within the
government sector, the federal government (civilian), which includes the Bureau of Prisons, is the largest segment. Healthcare; accommodation and food services; and manufacturing are expected to be the largest sources of employment growth over the next five years.
2016 and 2019, the region experienced • Between a net loss of 94 jobs. Between 2019 and 2020, the region lost more than 2,000 jobs. Government; other services; and retail trade were the biggest losers. Healthcare; manufacturing; and construction were the biggest winners.
quotients (LQs) measure the share of • Location local industry employment relative to the nation.
A high location quotient can be an indicator of a potential competitive advantage. In the Texarkana region, government; utilities; and accommodations and food services have above average LQs. A more granular look at industry concentrations at a finer level of detail shows a degree of specialization in forestry and forest products. Other high LQs are rubber product manufacturing—as the region is the location of a large Cooper Tire & Rubber Company tire manufacturing facility—as well as fabricated metal product manufacturing, and home healthcare.
sectors that are expected to grow the most • The over the next five years and pay the highest wages are healthcare; manufacturing; and construction.
serves as the primary employment • Texarkana center for the three-county region. employers include hospitals, • Major federal and state correctional facilities, and forest products manufacturers.
Image courtesy TLL Temple Foundation
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T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
DATA ANALYSIS 70,328
70,585
70,479
68,951
68,311
69,676
70,407
69,632
69,386
70,313
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
68,083
70,593 2009
2020
72,308 2008
Figure 1. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TEXARKANA REGION, 2008-2020
Figure 2. COMPARATIVE EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, 2008=100 Texarkana Texas US
120
119 116
109
110
104
100
97 94
90
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
Image courtesy TLL Temple Foundationr
2008
80 Source (Both): Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed.
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Figure 3. EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY, TEXARKANA REGION Healthcare Retail Trade Government Education Accommodation &Food Services Manufacturing Construction Other Services (except Public Administration) Administrative &Support Services Transportation &Warehousing Wholesale Trade Finance &Insurance Professional, Scientific, &Technical Services Real Estate &Rental &Leasing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing&Hunting Arts, Entertainment, &Recreation Management of Companies &Enterprises Utilities Information Mining, Quarrying, &Oil &Gas Extraction
2020 Change 2021-2026 -500
1,500
3,500
5,500
7,500
9,500
11,500
13,500
Figure 4. EMPLOYMENT CHANGE BY INDUSTRY, TEXARKANA REGION Healthcare Manufacturing Construction Accommodation &Food Services Real Estate &Rental &Leasing Professional, Scientific, &Technical Services Education Mining, Quarrying, &Oil &Gas Extraction Arts, Entertainment, &Recreation Management of Companies &Enterprises Utilities Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing&Hunting Transportation &Warehousing Wholesale Trade Finance &Insurance Information Administrative &Support Services Retail Trade Other Services (except Public Administration) Government -1,000
2016-2019 2019-2020 -500
0
500
1,000
Source (Both): Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Note: Healthcare includes public hospitals and education includes public schools and higher education institutions.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
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T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 5. INDUSTRY LOCATION QUOTIENTS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2020 Government Utilities Accommodation &Food Services Retail Trade Mining, Quarrying, &Oil &Gas Extraction Healthcare Education Transportation &Warehousing Manufacturing Other Services (except Public Administration) Wholesale Trade Construction Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing&Hunting Real Estate &Rental &Leasing Administrative &Support Services Finance &Insurance Arts, Entertainment, &Recreation Management of Companies &Enterprises Professional, Scientific, &Technical Services Information
1.39 1.35 1.29 1.24 1.19 1.17 1.09 1.08 1.05 1.02 1.00 0.92 0.91 0.77 0.72 0.63
▼ BelowAverage
0.51 0.43 0.32 0.25
Figure 6. INDUSTRY STRENGTHS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2020 TOP 15 INDUSTRY LOCATION QUOTIENTS
NAICS DESCRIPTION
2020 LOCATION QUOTIENT
▲ Above Average
Location quotients (LQs) are ratios of an area’s share of employment by industry relative to the US’s. If an LQ is equal to 1, then the industry has the same share of its area employment as it does in the nation. An LQ greater than 1 indicates an industry with a greater share of the local area employment than is the case nationwide.
2020 JOBS
2020 PAYROLLED BUSINESS LOCATIONS
AVG. EARNINGS PER JOB
3262
Rubber Product Manufacturing
23.79
1,295
1
$85,796
4882
Support Activities for Rail Transportation
21.04
320
5
$73,082
3221
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills
11.78
473
2
$106,814
1133
Logging
11.77
361
33
$60,592
3313
Alumina and Aluminum Production and Processing
8.28
203
3
$71,216
3211
Sawmills and Wood Preservation
8.24
327
10
$70,699
6223
Specialty (except Psychiatric and Substance Abuse) Hospitals
6.15
622
2
$57,123
3329
Other Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
5.87
670
11
$63,314
4231
Motor Vehicle & Parts/Supplies Merchant Wholesalers
5.20
784
21
$60,609
2123
Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying
5.00
207
3
$61,342
3212
Veneer, Plywood, and Engineered Wood Product Manufacturing
3.82
130
2
$57,057
5322
Consumer Goods Rental
3.56
198
18
$43,718
4881
Support Activities for Air Transportation
3.16
295
9
$112,911
6216
Home Health Care Services
3.13
2,086
34
$34,269
5612
Facilities Support Services
3.00
204
4
$16,208
Source (Both): Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Note: Healthcare includes public hospitals and education includes public schools and higher education institutions.
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Figure 7. INDUSTRY GROWTH AND WAGES, TEXARKANA REGION TOP 10 INDUSTRIES $90,000 $80,000 Manufacturing
$70,000
Government
Transportation &Warehousing
Average Earnings per Job
$60,000 Construction
$50,000
Healthcare Retail Trade
Education $40,000 $30,000
Other Services (except Public Administration)
$20,000 Administrative &Support Services
Accommodation &Food Services
$10,000 $0 -1,000
-750
-500
-250 0 ProjectedChange: 2021-2026
250
500
750
1,000
Figure 8. EMPLOYMENT CENTERS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2018 JOB DENSITY BY CENSUS BLOCK
BOWIE MILLER
CASS
Source: (Figure 7) Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. (Figure 8) US Census Bureau, LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
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T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 9. TOP EMPLOYERS, TEXARKANA REGION TEXAS ONLY NAME
CITY
SIZE
CHRISTUS St Michael Health
Texarkana
1,000-4,999
International Paper Co
Queen City
1,000-4,999
State of Texas Telford Unit
New Boston
500-999
Atlanta
500-999
Wadley Regional Medical Ctr
Texarkana
500-999
Bi-State Justice Building
Texarkana
250-499
Federal Correctional Institute
Texarkana
250-499
Ledwell & Son Truck Body
Texarkana
250-499
Life Net
Texarkana
250-499
Lone Star Div
Texarkana
250-499
Atlanta
250-499
Mayo Manufacturing Corp
Texarkana
250-499
Texarkana College
Texarkana
250-499
Atlanta
250-499
United Steelworkers
Queen City
250-499
USPS
Texarkana
250-499
Walmart Supercenter
Texarkana
250-499
Walmart Supercenter
Atlanta
250-499
Texarkana
100-249
Wake Village
100-249
Texarkana
100-249
New Boston
100-249
Best Buy
Texarkana
100-249
Bi-State Jail
Texarkana
100-249
Bowie County Correctional Ctr
Texarkana
100-249
United Steelworkers
Lone Star Timber
Transportation Department
Adult Services Albertsons Attorney General Texas BAE Systems Platform Solutions
Source: Texas Labor Market Information, Texas Workforce Commission.
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Image by Jay Brittain
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TEXARKANA REGION LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS
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TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Texarkana region has a labor force of about • The 71,000 individuals who are either employed or actively looking for work. Though the number of participants plunged during the economic shutdown in the first months of the Pandemic, it had almost recovered by May 2021. Within the region, Bowie and Cass Counties’ labor forces had not yet recovered in May while Miller County’s labor force had expanded.
the number of participants in the • Although labor force had stabilized, unemployment still
remained extremely high in May 2021 with Bowie and Cass County unemployment rates still more than 40 percent above its pre-Pandemic level. Miller County, on the other hand, had only a slightly elevated unemployment rate by May.
back to 2008, the Texarkana region’s • Looking was at or below the US rate until 2016 when the regional unemployment rate stayed flat while the US and Texas rates continued to fall.
terms of characteristics of the working age • Inpopulation (age 25 to 64), the Texarkana area
has a relatively large Black or African American
population both in comparison to the state and the US but has a much smaller Hispanic/ Latino population in comparison to Texas. The age distribution of the regional working age population is similar to that of the nation, which skews older than that of the state. The region has a much larger share of workers with only a high school diploma and with some college or an associate’s degree. Only 22 percent of the population 25 to 64 in the labor force has a bachelor’s degree or higher, which is significantly lower than that of the state and the nation.
of the educational requirements • Aof comparison jobs and the educational attainment of the
population 25 to 64 in the labor force shows that about two-thirds of the jobs in the region require a high school diploma or less. Yet, 58 percent of the workers have more than a high school diploma. This means than some workers with postsecondary education are working in jobs for which they are overqualified. The number of workers with a bachelor’s degree or higher is fairly well-aligned with the number of jobs that require such a credential.
Image by Renelibrary via Wikimedia Commons
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T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
DATA ANALYSIS Figure 10. LABOR MARKET SUMMARY, TEXARKANA REGION, FEBRUARY 2020 TO MAY 2021 FEB 2020
APRIL 2020
MAY 2021
CHANGE (Feb. 2020 to May 2021)
Labor Force
71,394
68,138
71,092
-0.4%
Employment
68,302
59,176
66,849
-2.1%
Unemployment
3,092
8,962
4,243
+37.2%
4.3
13.2
6.0
+37.8%
Labor Force
39,530
36,751
39,172
-0.9%
Employment
37,866
31,719
36,838
-2.7%
Unemployment
1,664
5,032
2,334
+40.3%
4.2
13.7
6.0
+42.9%
Labor Force
12,261
11,741
12,218
-0.4%
Employment
11,721
10,420
11,355
-3.1%
Unemployment
540
1,321
863
+59.8%
Unemployment Rate
4.4
11.3
7.1
+61.4%
Labor Force
19,603
19,646
19,702
+0.5%
Employment
18,715
17,037
18,656
-0.3%
Unemployment
888
2,609
1,046
+17.8%
Unemployment Rate
4.5
13.3
5.3
+17.8%
GEOGRAPHY TEXARKANA REGION
Unemployment Rate BOWIE COUNTY
Unemployment Rate CASS COUNTY
MILLER COUNTY, AR
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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Figure 11. COMPARATIVE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, 2008-2020 Texarkana Region
12.0
Texas
US
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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Figure 12. WORKING AGE POPULATION BY RACE POPULATION 16+ White
Texarkana Region
Black
Asian
Other
71%
23%
4%
Texas
75%
12%
5%
8%
US
74%
12%
6%
8%
Figure 13. WORKING AGE POPULATION BY ETHNICITY POPULATION 16+ White alone, not Hispanic or Latino
Texarkana Region
Some other race, not Hispanic or Latino
Hispanic or Latino origin (of any race)
Texas
36%
19%
45%
US
Figure 14. WORKING AGE POPULATION BY AGE POPULATION 16+ 16-24
14%
Texas
25-34
17%
17%
US
35-54
55+
32%
37%
19%
15%
34%
17%
30%
32%
36%
Figure 15. WORKERS BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT POPULATION 25 TO 64 IN THE LABOR FORCE Less than high school graduate
Texarkana Region TX US
High school diploma
7%
8%
Some college or associate's degree
34%
13%
16%
21%
63%
Texarkana Region
5%
27%
68%
Bachelor's degree or higher
36%
23%
22%
30%
24%
34%
30%
37%
Figure 16. COMPARISON OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF WORKERS AND JOBS TEXARKANA REGION High School or Less
Workers Jobs
Some College or Associate's Degree
42%
Bachelor's Degree or higher
36% 66%
22% 13%
21%
Note: (Figure 16) Workers are defined as the working age population (age 25 to 64). Sources: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year Estimates, 2019 and Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed.
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TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
Image by Jay Brittain
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TEXARKANA REGION WORKFORCE DEMAND
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TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS largest occupational families in the • The Texarkana region are office and administrative
•
support; sales and related; and transportation and material moving. The largest sources of growth are expected to be food preparation; healthcare support; and management. Office and administrative support occupations are expected to lose jobs over the next 5 years.
Prior to the Pandemic, the occupational families that gained the most jobs were educational instruction and library; management; and business and financial operations. The occupational families that lost the most jobs were office and administrative support; installation, maintenance, and repair; and sales and related. During the Pandemic, the hardest hit occupations were food preparation and serving; office and administrative support; and sales and related.
LQs show the share of • Occupational occupational employment relative to the
nation. LQs above 1 indicate a higher share of occupational employment in comparison to the nation. In the Texarkana region, the occupational LQs that are above average are installation, maintenance, and repair and food preparation. The detailed occupations with the highest LQs reflect the region’s forest and forest products cluster, various production occupations related to the manufacturing that takes place in the region, and maintenance occupations to maintain the related machinery.
skill level of occupations is determined by • The the education required for entry, the experience
required, and the level of on-the-job training. Low-skill jobs are those that require a high school diploma or less, no experience, and minimal on-the-job training. Middle-skill jobs require more than a high school diploma but less than a four-year degree. High-skill jobs require a bachelor’s degree or higher. In the Texarkana region, the share of middle-skill jobs is slightly larger than that of the state and nation while the share of high-skill jobs is somewhat smaller.
2008, the number of low and middle• Since skill jobs had declined but is expected to grow over the next 5 years. The number of highskill jobs has grown significantly in recent years and is expected to continue to grow.
high-skill occupations that are highest • The in-demand include nurses and various
management; business and operations; and education and training occupations. With the exception of substitute teachers, all of these occupations pay more than $20 an hour and three meet the threshold for high wage with median hourly earnings above $45. More than half of the occupations face a high degree of retirement exposure but few face above average risk of automation.
middle-skill occupations that are highest • The in-demand include various first-line supervisors; maintenance and repair occupations; and skilled trades and production-related occupations. With just a few exceptions, these occupations earn more than $15 an hour. The workers in these occupations tend to be younger with fewer workers nearing retirement and more face above average risk of automation.
wage level of occupations is determined • The by the average hourly earnings. Low-wage jobs
are those that have average hourly earnings less than $15.00. Middle-wage jobs have average hourly earnings between $15.00 and $45.00. High-wage jobs have average hourly earnings more than $45.00. The Texarkana region has a relatively high share of low-wage jobs in comparison to the US and a relatively low share of high-wage jobs. About 60 percent of jobs pay, on average, between $15 and $45 per hour.
2008, the number of middle-wage jobs • Since declined while the number of high and low-
wage jobs has increased. Over the next five years, the number of middle-wage jobs is expected to continue to stay relatively flat while lowwage and high-wage jobs continue to grow.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
20
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
region has very few high-wage, high• The demand jobs. Only six occupations meet the
threshold for high wage—these are airline pilots, nurse practitioners; financial manager; lawyers; pharmacists; and physical therapists. All of these jobs face lower than average automation risk. Due to the small number of workers in these occupations, retirement exposure cannot be determined except for lawyers (high risk) and pharmacists (not too bad).
middle-wage jobs that are highest in • The demand include truck drivers and other
transportation/warehouse workers, various office and administrative workers, and nurses. More than half of these occupations face a high degree of retirement exposure and
21
higher than average automation risk.
posting activity, a real-time indicator of • Job workforce demand, has recovered to its pre-
Pandemic levels. Since September 2020, the number of unique job postings has been above 5,000 and progressively increasing until a seasonal drop-off in June. In May 2021, there were more job postings than unemployed people. The companies with the most unique job postings were Christus Health, Wal-Mart, and General Dynamics. The top occupations were truck drivers, registered nurses, and customer service representatives. The top industries were retail trade, transportation and warehousing, and health care and social assistance.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
DATA ANALYSIS Figure 17. EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION, TEXARKANA REGION Office &Administrative Support Sales &Related Transportation &Material Moving Food Preparation &ServingRelated Healthcare Practitioners &Technical Production Educational Instruction &Library Healthcare Support Installation, Maintenance, &Repair Construction &Extraction Management Building&Grounds Cleaning&Maintenance Business &Financial Operations Protective Service Personal Care &Service Community &Social Service Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, &Media Architecture &Engineering Computer &Mathematical Farming, Fishing, &Forestry Legal Life, Physical, &Social Science
2020 Jobs Change 2021-2026
Military-only -500
500
1,500
2,500
3,500
4,500
5,500
6,500
7,500
8,500
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
22
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 18. EMPLOYMENT CHANGE BY OCCUPATION, TEXARKANA REGION Educational Instruction &Library Management Business &Financial Operations Transportation &Material Moving Community &Social Service Building&Grounds Cleaning&Maintenance Healthcare Support Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, &Media Food Preparation &ServingRelated Production Life, Physical, &Social Science Construction &Extraction Architecture &Engineering Healthcare Practitioners &Technical Farming, Fishing, &Forestry Legal Computer &Mathematical Military-only Protective Service Personal Care &Service Sales &Related Installation, Maintenance, &Repair
2016-2019
Office &Administrative Support
2019-2020 -2,000
-1,500
-1,000
-500
0
500
1,000
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed.
Image by ReneLibrary via Wikimedia Commons
23
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 19. OCCUPATIONAL LOCATION QUOTIENTS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2020 Installation, Maintenance, &Repair
1.34
Food Preparation &ServingRelated
1.28
Production
1.23
Protective Service
1.23
Healthcare Practitioners &Technical
1.22
Healthcare Support
1.20
Transportation &Material Moving
1.17
Building&Grounds Cleaning&Maintenance
1.15
Educational Instruction &Library
1.15
Community &Social Service
1.09
Sales &Related
1.08
Farming, Fishing, &Forestry
1.03
Construction &Extraction
0.97
Office &Administrative Support
0.91
Personal Care &Service
0.72
Legal
0.63
Business &Financial Operations Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, &Media
▼ BelowAverage
0.74
Management
Life, Physical, &Social Science
▲ Above Average
0.60 0.55 0.51
Figure 20. OCCUPATIONAL STRENGTHS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2020 TOP 15 OCCUPATIONAL LOCATION QUOTIENTS 2020 LOCATION QUOTIENT
2020 JOBS
OPENINGS (2021-2026)
MEDIAN HOURLY EARNINGS
SOC
DESCRIPTION
45-4022
Logging Equipment Operators
11.17
190
149
$20.31
51-2031
Engine & Other Machine Assemblers
8.49
177
77
$21.03
49-3042
Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
6.80
479
213
$28.61
51-9196
Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders
6.68
285
114
$22.15
47-5071
Roustabouts, Oil & Gas
6.18
119
68
$34.62
51-7041
Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, & Tenders, Wood
5.95
128
87
$14.80
33-3012
Correctional Officers & Jailers
4.86
839
335
$19.52
51-9041
Extruding, Forming, Pressing, & Compacting Machine Setters, Oper., & Tenders
4.74
133
62
$22.31
49-9098
Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, & Repair Workers
3.71
148
96
$11.44
51-4121
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, & Brazers
3.28
599
301
$19.28
53-3031
Driver/Sales Workers
3.10
595
311
$11.17
43-9051
Mail Clerks & Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service
2.89
105
49
$15.37
29-2061
Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses
2.76
834
300
$18.62
49-9041
Industrial Machinery Mechanics
2.61
446
215
$27.58
43-4071
File Clerks
2.46
102
52
$15.23
Source: (Both) Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
24
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 21. COMPARATIVE JOBS BY SKILL LEVEL, 2021 Low Texarkana Region
Middle
High
40%
Texas
38%
US
37%
39%
21%
36%
26%
35%
28%
Figure 22. JOBS BY SKILL LEVEL, TEXARKANA REGION, 2008-2026 115
Low
Middle
High PROJECTION ▼
110
105
100
95
90
85
80 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Source: (Both) Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Note: (Figure 21) Low-skill jobs require a high school diploma or less, no experience, and minimal on-the-job training. Middle-skill jobs require more than a high school diploma but less than a four-year degree. High-skill jobs require a bachelor’s degree or higher.
25
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 23. HIGH-SKILL HIGH-DEMAND OCCUPATIONS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2021-2026 BY OPENINGS REGIONAL MEDIAN HOURLY EARNINGS
REGIONAL MEDIAN/ US MEDIAN EARNINGS
PERCENT WORKERS OVER 55
2020 JOBS
OPENINGS (2021-2026)
1,889
476
$31.66
87.5
25%
85.3
11-1021 General & Operations Managers
860
384
$36.16
72.9
24%
82.2
25-2021 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
852
310
$22.16
75.8
21%
82.3
25-1099 Postsecondary Teachers
541
225
$31.16
84.6
31%
86.6
13-1198 Project Management Specialists & Business Operations Specialists, All Other
564
242
$32.27
86.8
27%
86.8
771
266
$24.11
79.9
22%
84.9
13-2011 Accountants & Auditors
413
187
$29.10
82.3
30%
93.1
25-3031 Substitute Teachers, Short-Term
414
218
$10.43
73.8
27%
83.3
25-2022 Middle School Teachers, Except Special & Career/ Technical Education
391
141
$22.51
77.1
21%
84.5
11-9111 Medical & Health Services Managers
218
108
$39.14
78.8
29%
75.2
21-2011 Clergy
186
110
$21.89
89.0
46%
75.3
11-9198 Personal Service Mgrs., All Other; Entertainment & Recreation Mgrs., Except Gambling; & Mgrs., All Other
229
94
$27.68
68.8
32%
84.5
11-9021 Construction Managers
215
94
$29.08
76.7
30%
88.6
11-9032 Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary
248
91
$35.56
75.3
29%
79.2
13-1071 Human Resources Specialists
189
87
$24.35
79.8
—
83.8
13-1111 Management Analysts
142
74
$32.22
76.2
38%
91.1
13-1028 Buyers & Purchasing Agents
158
69
$28.47
89.8
32%
93.4
21-1022 Healthcare Social Workers
136
66
$29.49
106.4
—
83.5
21-1012 Educational, Guidance, & Career Counselors & Advisors
127
59
$25.87
92.8
—
80.0
53-2011 Airline Pilots, Copilots, & Flight Engineers
122
59
$75.78
98.5
—
91.5
29-1171 Nurse Practitioners
113
56
$56.05
104.6
—
83.2
11-3031 Financial Managers
133
55
$45.92
71.7
—
85.8
21-1021 Child, Family, & School Social Workers
105
56
$22.92
98.4
—
83.7
41-3031 Securities, Commodities, & Financial Services Sales Agents
112
47
$24.96
80.5
—
92.8
13-2072 Loan Officers
136
48
$37.02
120.5
—
91.7
SOC
DESCRIPTION
29-1141 Registered Nurses
25-2031
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special & Career/ Technical Education
AUTOMATION INDEX
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Note: includes only occupations with greater than 100 jobs in 2020. The automation index captures an occupation’s risk of being affected by automation. An automation index greater than 100 indicates a higher-than-average risk of automation; an automation index less than 100 indicates a lower-thanaverage risk of automation.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
26
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 24. MIDDLE-SKILL HIGH-DEMAND OCCUPATIONS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2021-2026 BY OPENINGS
SOC
2020 JOBS
DESCRIPTION
OPENINGS (2021-2026)
REGIONAL MEDIAN HOURLY EARNINGS
REGIONAL MEDIAN/ US MEDIAN EARNINGS
PERCENT WORKERS OVER 55
AUTOMATION INDEX
53-3032 Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
864
1,681
$23.29
103.3
34%
110.1
35-2014 Cooks, Restaurant
693
756
$11.84
85.7
12%
125.0
31-1131 Nursing Assistants
501
965
$13.02
88.0
20%
97.0
35-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Food Prep. & Serving Workers
491
631
$15.73
94.9
13%
107.7
41-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers
450
874
$18.08
93.4
19%
87.8
43-6013 Medical Secretaries & Administrative Assistants
319
606
$15.65
87.2
29%
93.1
25-9045 Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary
363
722
$10.17
73.2
25%
89.7
33-3012 Correctional Officers & Jailers
335
839
$19.52
85.6
15%
90.5
43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, & Auditing Clerks
304
572
$15.04
73.8
38%
103.6
49-9071 Maintenance & Repair Workers, General
289
549
$15.81
80.6
30%
109.6
51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, & Brazers
301
599
$19.28
91.2
18%
121.4
29-2061 Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses
300
834
$18.62
79.5
25%
84.8
43-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Office & Admin. Support Workers
250
515
$23.62
84.2
26%
91.8
49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
213
479
$28.61
108.7
24%
109.6
49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics
215
446
$27.58
103.7
27%
109.8
47-2031 Carpenters
218
420
$16.14
73.6
22%
125.9
31-9092 Medical Assistants
194
335
$13.78
80.0
—
97.3
41-4012 Sales Representatives, Wholesale & Manufacturing, Except Technical & Scientific Products
188
365
$26.15
88.4
29%
91.5
49-3023 Automotive Service Technicians & Mechanics
180
378
$18.35
91.4
—
105.9
39-5012 Hairdressers, Hairstylists, & Cosmetologists
180
323
$11.87
89.8
16%
98.0
51-9061 Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, & Weighers
159
305
$20.35
104.5
24%
106.1
47-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades & Extraction Workers
178
338
$26.08
82.1
31%
106.2
47-2111 Electricians
176
311
$22.21
82.6
21%
110.3
51-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Production & Operating Workers
157
302
$29.93
99.4
24%
88.6
25-2011 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
148
303
$11.94
78.3
15%
81.5
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Note: includes only occupations with greater than 100 jobs in 2020. The automation index captures an occupation’s risk of being affected by automation. An automation index greater than 100 indicates a higher-than-average risk of automation; an automation index less than 100 indicates a lower-thanaverage risk of automation.
27
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 25. LOW-SKILL HIGH-DEMAND OCCUPATIONS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2021-2026 BY OPENINGS
SOC
DESCRIPTION
2020 JOBS
OPENINGS (2021-2026)
REGIONAL MEDIAN HOURLY EARNINGS
REGIONAL MEDIAN/ US MEDIAN EARNINGS
PERCENT WORKERS OVER 55
AUTOMATION INDEX
35-3023 Fast Food & Counter Workers
2,721
2,747
$9.57
83.5
11%
130.8
41-2031 Retail Salespersons
1,740
2,459
$10.45
80.2
21%
93.4
41-2011 Cashiers
1,522
1,812
$9.84
81.8
14%
105.5
31-1128 Home Health & Personal Care Aides
1,679
1,959
$9.47
72.9
33%
93.6
35-3031 Waiters & Waitresses
999
917
$9.07
79.4
7%
129.8
37-2011 Janitors & Cleaners, Except Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners
896
1,249
$11.88
85.0
32%
122.5
53-7062 Laborers & Freight, Stock, & Material Movers, Hand
666
955
$14.98
100.3
15%
117.2
43-9061 Office Clerks, General
685
1,242
$14.56
85.8
31%
102.0
53-7065 Stockers & Order Fillers
601
954
$12.15
86.6
18%
112.3
37-2012 Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners
519
738
$10.26
82.5
25%
124.5
37-3011 Landscaping & Groundskeeping Workers
423
617
$12.49
84.0
24%
129.1
43-4051 Customer Service Representatives
367
599
$13.92
80.9
20%
96.4
43-6014 Secretaries & Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, & Executive
345
687
$14.32
76.8
35%
91.4
53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers
311
595
$11.17
83.2
24%
109.1
39-9011 Childcare Workers
333
516
$9.84
83.8
21%
88.0
53-3033 Light Truck Drivers
308
538
$13.34
75.0
30%
112.9
47-2061 Construction Laborers
296
525
$13.64
78.4
18%
131.9
43-4171 Receptionists & Information Clerks
249
396
$11.15
74.6
25%
94.2
35-9011 Dining Room & Cafeteria Attendants & Bartender Helpers
231
236
$10.04
83.5
15%
130.6
53-3058 Passenger Vehicle Drivers, Except Bus Drivers, Transit & Intercity
210
354
$12.08
80.8
44%
99.9
53-7051 Industrial Truck & Tractor Operators
204
371
$18.75
103.9
17%
119.5
35-2011 Cooks, Fast Food
172
259
$10.26
87.7
—
134.1
43-4081 Hotel, Motel, & Resort Desk Clerks
208
207
$10.30
84.0
—
104.0
43-3071 Tellers
177
381
$13.55
86.4
21%
102.3
35-2021 Food Preparation Workers
189
208
$10.50
83.8
16%
129.1
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Note: includes only occupations with greater than 100 jobs in 2020. The automation index captures an occupation’s risk of being affected by automation. An automation index greater than 100 indicates a higher-than-average risk of automation; an automation index less than 100 indicates a lower-thanaverage risk of automation.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
28
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 26. COMPARATIVE JOBS BY WAGE LEVEL, 2021 Low Texarkana Region
Middle
High
36%
Texas
61%
25%
US
3%
64%
18%
10%
70%
12%
Figure 27. JOBS BY WAGE LEVEL, TEXARKANA REGION, 2008-2026 Low
150
Middle
High PROJECTION ▼
140 130 120 110 100 90 80 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
Figure 28. HIGH-WAGE HIGH-DEMAND OCCUPATIONS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2021-2026 BY OPENINGS
SOC
DESCRIPTION
2020 JOBS
OPENINGS (2021-2026)
REGIONAL MEDIAN HOURLY EARNINGS
REGIONAL MEDIAN/ US MEDIAN EARNINGS
PERCENT WORKERS OVER 55
AUTOMATION INDEX
53-2011 Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers
59
122
$75.78
98.5
—
91.5
29-1171 Nurse Practitioners
56
113
$56.05
104.6
—
83.2
11-3031 Financial Managers
55
133
$45.92
71.7
—
85.8
23-1011 Lawyers
35
158
$40.05
67.9
41%
81.1
29-1051 Pharmacists
37
194
$66.52
107.6
20%
89.1
29-1123 Physical Therapists
39
145
$50.96
117.0
—
85.5
Source (All): Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Notes: Low-wage jobs are those that have average hourly earnings less than $15.00. Middle wage jobs have average hourly earnings between $15.00 and $45.00. High-wage jobs have average hourly earnings more than $45.00. Figure 28 includes only occupations with greater than 100 jobs in 2020. The automation index captures an occupation’s risk of being affected by automation. An automation index greater than 100 indicates a higher-than-average risk of automation; an automation index less than 100 indicates a lower-than-average risk of automation.
29
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 29. MIDDLE-WAGE HIGH-DEMAND OCCUPATIONS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2021-2026 BY OPENINGS
SOC
DESCRIPTION
2020 JOBS
OPENINGS (2021-2026)
REGIONAL MEDIAN HOURLY EARNINGS
REGIONAL MEDIAN/ US MEDIAN EARNINGS
PERCENT WORKERS OVER 55
AUTOMATION INDEX
53-3032 Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
864
1,681
$23.29
103.3
34%
110.1
53-7062 Laborers & Freight, Stock, & Material Movers, Hand
666
955
$14.98
100.3
15%
117.2
43-9061 Office Clerks, General
685
1,242
$14.56
85.8
31%
102.0
35-1012 First-Line Supervisors of Food Prep. & Serving Workers
491
631
$15.73
94.9
13%
107.7
29-1141 Registered Nurses
476
1,889
$31.66
87.5
25%
85.3
41-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers
450
874
$18.08
93.4
19%
87.8
11-1021 General & Operations Managers
384
860
$36.16
72.9
24%
82.2
43-4051 Customer Service Representatives
367
599
$13.92
80.9
20%
96.4
43-6014 Secretaries & Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, & Executive
345
687
$14.32
76.8
35%
91.4
43-6013 Medical Secretaries & Administrative Assistants
319
606
$15.65
87.2
29%
93.1
33-3012 Correctional Officers & Jailers
335
839
$19.52
85.6
15%
90.5
53-3033 Light Truck Drivers
308
538
$13.34
75.0
30%
112.9
43-3031 Bookkeeping, Accounting, & Auditing Clerks
304
572
$15.04
73.8
38%
103.6
49-9071 Maintenance & Repair Workers, General
289
549
$15.81
80.6
30%
109.6
25-2021 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
310
852
$22.16
75.8
21%
82.3
47-2061 Construction Laborers
296
525
$13.64
78.4
18%
131.9
51-4121 Welders, Cutters, Solderers, & Brazers
301
599
$19.28
91.2
18%
121.4
29-2061 Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses
300
834
$18.62
79.5
25%
84.8
43-1011 First-Line Supervisors of Office & Admin. Support Workers
250
515
$23.62
84.2
26%
91.8
25-1099 Postsecondary Teachers
225
541
$31.16
84.6
31%
86.6
13-1198 Project Management Specialists & Business Operations Specialists, All Other
242
564
$32.27
86.8
27%
86.8
25-2031 Secondary School Teachers, Except Special & Career/ Technical Education
266
771
$24.11
79.9
22%
84.9
49-3042 Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
213
479
$28.61
108.7
24%
109.6
49-9041 Industrial Machinery Mechanics
215
446
$27.58
103.7
27%
109.8
47-2031 Carpenters
218
420
$16.14
73.6
22%
125.9
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Note: Includes only occupations with greater than 100 jobs in 2020. The automation index captures an occupation’s risk of being affected by automation. An automation index greater than 100 indicates a higher-than-average risk of automation; an automation index less than 100 indicates a lower-thanaverage risk of automation.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
30
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 30. LOW-WAGE HIGH-DEMAND OCCUPATIONS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2021-2026 BY OPENINGS
SOC
2020 JOBS
DESCRIPTION
OPENINGS (2021-2026)
REGIONAL MEDIAN HOURLY EARNINGS
REGIONAL MEDIAN/ US MEDIAN EARNINGS
PERCENT WORKERS > 55
AUTOMATION INDEX
35-3023 Fast Food & Counter Workers
2,721
2,747
$9.57
83.5
11%
130.8
41-2031 Retail Salespersons
1,740
2,459
$10.45
80.2
21%
93.4
41-2011 Cashiers
1,522
1,812
$9.84
81.8
14%
105.5
31-1128 Home Health & Personal Care Aides
1,679
1,959
$9.47
72.9
33%
93.6
35-3031 Waiters & Waitresses
999
917
$9.07
79.4
7%
129.8
37-2011 Janitors & Cleaners, Except Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners
896
1,249
$11.88
85.0
32%
122.5
35-2014 Cooks, Restaurant
693
756
$11.84
85.7
12%
125.0
53-7065 Stockers & Order Fillers
601
954
$12.15
86.6
18%
112.3
37-2012 Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners
519
738
$10.26
82.5
25%
124.5
31-1131 Nursing Assistants
501
965
$13.02
88.0
20%
97.0
37-3011 Landscaping & Groundskeeping Workers
423
617
$12.49
84.0
24%
129.1
25-9045 Teaching Assistants, Except Postsecondary
363
722
$10.17
73.2
25%
89.7
53-3031 Driver/Sales Workers
311
595
$11.17
83.2
24%
109.1
39-9011 Childcare Workers
333
516
$9.84
83.8
21%
88.0
43-4171 Receptionists & Information Clerks
249
396
$11.15
74.6
25%
94.2
35-9011 Dining Room & Cafeteria Attendants & Bartender Helpers
231
236
$10.04
83.5
15%
130.6
31-9092 Medical Assistants
194
335
$13.78
80.0
—
97.3
53-3058 Passenger Vehicle Drivers, Except Bus Drivers, Transit & Intercity
210
354
$12.08
80.8
44%
99.9
35-2011 Cooks, Fast Food
172
259
$10.26
87.7
—
134.1
43-4081 Hotel, Motel, & Resort Desk Clerks
208
207
$10.30
84.0
—
104.0
43-3071 Tellers
177
381
$13.55
86.4
21%
102.3
35-2021 Food Preparation Workers
189
208
$10.50
83.8
16%
129.1
25-3031 Substitute Teachers, Short-Term
218
414
$10.43
73.8
27%
83.3
35-9021 Dishwashers
160
174
$10.00
82.4
18%
136.4
35-3011 Bartenders
146
146
$10.01
83.4
—
121.3
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed. Note: Includes only occupations with greater than 100 jobs in 2020. The automation index captures an occupation’s risk of being affected by automation. An automation index greater than 100 indicates a higher-than-average risk of automation; an automation index less than 100 indicates a lower-thanaverage risk of automation.
31
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
3,772
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE 5,919 5,912 Jul-21
7,567 May-21 Jun-21
7,529
7,098
6,730
7,372
Apr-21
Mar-21
6,188
5,883 Jan-21 Feb-21
5,793
5,302
5,470
5,079
4,841
5,410
5,326
5,545
Dec-20
Nov-20
Oct-20
Sep-20
Aug-20
4,506
4,308
Jun-20 Jul-20
4,357
3,966
4,379
4,128
4,460
4,385
4,724
4,710
May-20
Apr-20
Mar-20
Feb-20
Jan-20
Dec-19
Nov-19
Oct-19
Sep-19
Aug-19
Jul-19
Jun-19
May-19
Apr-19
5,093
4,864
Feb-19 Mar-19
4,761
Jan-19
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 31. JOB POSTING ACTIVITY, TEXARKANA REGION, JANUARY 2019-JULY 2021 MONTHLY UNIQUE JOB POSTINGS
Source: Emsi 2021.2 Job Posting Analytics.
32
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 32. JOB POSTING CHARACTERISTICS, TEXARKANA REGION, JUNE 2020-JUNE 2021 UNIQUE JOB POSTINGS BY COMPANY COMPANY Christus Health Wal-Mart, Inc. General Dynamics Corporation Dollar General Corporation Encompass Health U.S. Xpress, Inc. CRST International, Inc. Red Carpet Employment Agency, Inc. Steward Health Care System LLC GPM Investments, LLC Care.com, Inc. Sonic Drive-In COMPASS GROUP PLC Doordash United Parcel Service, Inc. Lowe's Companies, Inc. Iasis Healthcare Corporation Uber Eats Express Employment Professionals Assurance IQ, LLC
UNIQUE JOB POSTINGS BY INDUSTRY
POSTINGS 779 628 389 335 309 307 238 205 202 195 190 188 182 181 180 167 164 148 143 140
INDUSTRY Retail Trade Transportation & Warehousing Health Care & Social Assistance Admin. & Support & Waste Mgmt. & Remediation Services Accommodation & Food Services Professional, Scientific, & Technical Services Manufacturing Finance & Insurance Public Administration Educational Services Information Construction Other Services (except Public Administration) Wholesale Trade Real Estate & Rental & Leasing Utilities Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Arts, Entertainment, & Recreation Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction Management of Companies & Enterprises
POSTINGS 4,663 4,209 3,539 3,203 2,509 1,844 1,039 831 681 556 536 509 463 373 240 115 81 72 18 17
UNIQUE JOB POSTINGS BY OCCUPATION OCCUPATION Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Registered Nurses Customer Service Representatives First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers Retail Salespersons Stockers & Order Fillers Fast Food & Counter Workers Light Truck Drivers Cashiers First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation & Serving Workers Insurance Sales Agents Maintenance & Repair Workers, General Cooks, Restaurant Home Health & Personal Care Aides Licensed Practical & Licensed Vocational Nurses First-Line Supervisors of Office & Admin. Support Workers Computer User Support Specialists Driver/Sales Workers General & Operations Managers Laborers & Freight, Stock, & Material Movers, Hand
33
POSTINGS 4,845 1,937 1,527 1,111 1,031 751 698 553 549 460 417 408 353 339 323 322 319 299 287 277
Image courtesy TLL Temple Foundationr Source: (All) Emsi 2021.2 Job Posting Analytics.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
Image by Michael Barera via Wikimedia Commons
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
34
TEXARKANA REGION EDUCATION AND TRAINING INFRASTRUCTURE
35
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS the Texas side of the Texarkana region, there • On are 20 school districts that graduate more than
1,400 students each year. Of the students that can be tracked (e.g. they are enrolled in a Texas public college or university and/or working in Texas), about 70 percent are employed and 58 percent are enrolled in a postsecondary program. Of the students that are employed, about two-thirds work in retail or accommodations and food services. Of the students that are enrolled, the top destinations are Texarkana College, Northeast Texas Community College, and Texas A&M-Texarkana.
region has two public higher education • The institutions and two private institutions. Over
the last three years, these institutions have awarded, on average, 1,379 degrees. More than half of these are awarded by Texarkana College. Most of the awards from Texarkana College are associate’s degrees or certificates of at least one
but less than two years. The vast majority of the degrees at Texas A&M-Texarkana are bachelor’s.
the number of annual openings • Comparing of entry-level occupations that require
postsecondary education to the number of degrees or completions in related fields can be an indicator of the alignment of the regional talent pipeline with regional jobs. Overall, there are more annual openings than there are students graduating with credentials. In addition, the number of completions and openings show potential shortages of students choosing careers in health science, education & training, human services, and information technology. Note that the annual openings of transportation, distribution, & logistics includes truck drivers, which requires a commercial drivers license. These can be acquired through a postsecondary degree program or nondegree program.
Image by Tdga22aft via Wikimedia Commons
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
36
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
DATA ANALYSIS Figure 33. ENROLLMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES BY SCHOOL DISTRICT, 2017-2018 NUMBER OF HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES TOTAL
ENROLLED IN COLLEGE ONLY
EMPLOYED ONLY
ALL EMPLOYED
NOT LOCATED*
Texarkana
423
74
112
66
140
178
171
Liberty-Eylau
170
23
52
29
52
81
66
Pleasant Grove
145
28
30
27
55
57
60
Atlanta
112
20
29
17
37
46
46
New Boston
96
11
29
20
31
49
36
Hughes Springs
88
21
25
11
32
36
31
Redwater
85
21
17
12
33
29
35
Hooks
79
9
22
11
20
33
37
Dekalb
59
11
16
13
24
29
19
Pewitt
56
13
12
11
24
23
20
Linden-Kildare
55
9
18
13
22
31
15
McLeod
30
6
0
6
12
10
18
Simms
29
0
9
10
12
19
10
Maud
23
6
0
0
10
6
17
SCHOOL DISTRICT
EMPLOYED ALL ENROLLED & ENROLLED IN COLLEGE
Figure 34. TOP TEXAS PUBLIC COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES, 2017-2018 BY FALL COLLEGE ENROLLMENT OF DISTRICT HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL DISTRICT
NORTHEAST TEXAS TEXARKANA COLLEGE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
TEXAS A&MTEXARKANA
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
STEPHEN F AUSTIN UNIVERSITY
Atlanta
20
—
—
—
—
Dekalb
15
—
—
—
—
Hooks
14
—
—
—
—
Liberty-Eylau
28
—
6
—
5
Hughes Springs
—
19
—
—
—
Maud
—
—
—
—
—
New Boston
17
—
—
—
—
Pleasant Grove
24
—
11
—
—
Linden-Kildare
6
7
—
—
—
McLeod
8
—
—
—
—
Pewitt
—
12
—
—
—
Redwater
16
—
—
—
—
Simms
—
—
—
—
—
Texarkana
81
—
17
12
—
*Not Located - High school graduates not found either as college enrolled (in a Texas public college or university in the fall semester following graduation) or employed (not found in the 4th quarter of Texas employment data as reported by the Texas Workforce Commission). Source: TPEIR, a joint effort of the Texas Education Agency and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. Data are not displayed for districts with fewer than 25 high school graduates in order to protect student confidentiality.
37
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 35. TOP INDUSTRIES WHERE HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES ARE EMPLOYED, 2017-2018 AVERAGE OF PERCENT OF TOTAL EMPLOYED Retail Trade
36%
Accommodations &Food Services
32%
Construction
16%
Health Care &Social Assistance
13%
Manufacturing
8%
Administrative &Support Services Educational Services
4% 3%
Figure 36. HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, TEXARKANA REGION, 2018-2020 COMPLETIONS COMPLETIONS INSTITUTION
CITY
2018
2019
2020
Texarkana College
Texarkana
908
836
761
Texas A&M University-Texarkana
Texarkana
479
524
529
Cosmetology Academy of Texarkana
Texarkana
23
29
31
Tonsorial Arts Barber College
Texarkana
—
12
4
1,410
1,401
1,325
TOTAL
Figure 37. COMPLETIONS BY AWARD LEVEL, TEXARKANA REGION, 2020 INSTITUTION Certificates of at least 12 wks., but less than 1 yr.
TEXARKANA COLLEGE
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITYCOSMETOLOGY TEXARKANA ACADEMY OF TEXARKANA
TONSORIAL ARTS BARBER COLLEGE
1
—
10
—
Certificates of at least 1 but less than 2 yrs.
355
—
21
4
Associate's degree
405
—
—
—
Bachelor's degree
—
425
—
—
Master's degree
—
97
—
—
Doctor's degree–research/scholarship
—
7
—
—
761
529
31
4
TOTAL
Sources: (Figure 35) TPEIR, a joint effort of the Texas Education Agency and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board. Data are not displayed for districts with fewer than 25 high school graduates in order to protect student confidentiality. (Figure 36, Figure 37) National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Includes only for-credit degree or other recognized postsecondary credentials that are eligible for Federal financial aid.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
38
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 38. ALIGNMENT OF FIELDS OF STUDY AND JOBS, 2020 BY CAREER CLUSTER ANNUAL OPENINGS
TOTAL COMPLETIONS
TEXARKANA COLLEGE ONLY
Health Science
438
139
120
Education & Training
368
270
187
Transportation, Distribution & Logistics
226
57
57
Business, Marketing, & Finance
181
231
83
Human Services
159
67
31
Information Technology
38
18
11
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics
37
212
19
Law and Public Service
35
61
23
Arts, Audio/Video Technology & Communications
28
15
10
Manufacturing
19
91
91
Architecture & Construction
14
89
89
Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources
12
0
1
0
40
40
CAREER CLUSTER
Hospitality & Tourism
Source: Emsi 2021.2 – QCEW Employees, Non-QCEW Employees, and Self-Employed and National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Note: Annual openings include only entry-level occupations that require a degree program. Completions include only for-credit degree or other recognized postsecondary credentials that are eligible for Federal financial aid.
39
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 39. COMPLETIONS BY FIELD OF STUDY, TEXARKANA COLLEGE, 2020 CERTIFICATES CERTIFICATES OF AT LEAST 12 OF AT LEAST 1 WKS. BUT LESS BUT LESS THAN THAN 1 YR. 2 YRS.
ASSOCIATE'S DEGREE
TOTAL
—
140
140
—
75
4
79
Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse
—
—
66
66
47.0201
Heating, Air Cond., Ventilation & Refrig. Maint. Technology/Technician
—
51
0
51
51.3901
Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training
—
45
—
45
52.0101
Business/Commerce, General
—
—
45
45
12.0503
Culinary Arts/Chef Training
—
30
10
40
24.0103
Humanities/Humanistic Studies
—
—
33
33
15.1001
Construction Engineering Technology/Technician
—
27
2
29
47.0604
Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician
—
25
4
29
12.0401
Cosmetology/Cosmetologist, General
—
23
4
27
52.0408
General Office Occupations & Clerical Services
1
26
—
27
43.0103
Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration
—
—
23
23
47.0603
Autobody/Collision & Repair Technology/Technician
—
16
1
17
47.0605
Diesel Mechanics Technology/Technician
—
9
2
11
52.0401
Administrative Assistant & Secretarial Science, General
—
—
11
11
26.0101
Biology/Biological Sciences, General
—
—
10
10
13.1202
Elementary Education & Teaching
—
—
9
9
46.0302
Electrician
—
7
2
9
11.0101
Computer & Information Sciences, General
—
0
7
7
15.0303
Electrical, Electronic, & Communications Engineering Tech./ Technician
—
3
3
6
47.0303
Industrial Mechanics & Maintenance Technology/Technician
—
5
1
6
19.0706
Child Development
—
1
4
5
51.0805
Pharmacy Technicia—ssistant
—
5
—
5
11.1002
System, Networking, & LAN/WAN Management/Manager
—
3
1
4
45.0101
Social Sciences, General
—
—
4
4
50.0501
Drama & Dramatics/Theatre Arts, General
—
—
4
4
50.0701
Art/Art Studies, General
—
—
4
4
51.0904
Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic)
—
3
1
4
51.1501
Substance Abuse/Addiction Counseling
—
1
3
4
14.0101
Engineering, General
—
—
3
3
50.0901
Music, General
—
—
2
2
27.0101
Mathematics, General
—
—
1
1
40.0501
Chemistry, General
—
—
1
1
CIP CODE
DESCRIPTION
24.0102
General Studies
—
48.0508
Welding Technology/Welder
51.3801
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Note: Includes only for-credit degree or other recognized postsecondary credentials that are eligible for federal financial aid.
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
40
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
Figure 40. COMPLETIONS BY FIELD OF STUDY, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY-TEXARKANA, 2020 BACHELOR’S DEGREE
DOCTOR’S DEGREERESEARCH/ SCHOLARSHIP
MASTER’S DEGREE
GRAND TOTAL
89
37
—
126
118
2
—
120
43.0104 Criminal Justice/Safety Studies
33
—
—
33
42.0101 Psychology, General
28
0
—
28
13.0301 Curriculum and Instruction
—
23
—
23
52.0301 Accounting
16
6
—
22
24.0102 General Studies
20
—
—
20
26.0101 Biology/Biological Sciences, General
20
—
—
20
54.0101 History, General
16
4
—
20
51.3801 Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse
17
—
—
17
14.1001 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
14
—
—
14
31.0505 Exercise Science and Kinesiology
13
—
—
13
45.1101 Sociology, General
12
—
—
12
13.0401 Educational Leadership and Administration, General
—
3
7
10
7
—
—
7
—
7
—
7
23.0101 English Language and Literature, General
5
2
—
7
27.0101 Mathematics, General
6
—
—
6
42.2803 Counseling Psychology
—
6
—
6
09.0102 Mass Communication/Media Studies
5
—
—
5
45.1001 Political Science and Government, General
5
—
—
5
13.1201 Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching
—
3
—
3
42.2805 School Psychology
—
2
—
2
51.3802 Nursing Administration
—
2
—
2
40.0501 Chemistry, General
1
—
—
1
27.0101 Mathematics, General
1
—
—
1
40.0501 Chemistry, General
1
—
—
1
—
0
—
0
13.1202 Elementary Education and Teaching
0
—
—
0
14.1901 Mechanical Engineering
0
—
—
0
26.1201 Biotechnology
0
—
—
0
44.0701 Social Work
—
0
—
0
51.3203 Nursing Education
—
0
—
0
CIP CODE
DESCRIPTION
52.0201 Business Administration and Management, General 30.9999 Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other
11.0101 Computer and Information Sciences, General 13.0501 Educational/Instructional Technology
09.0100 Communication, General
Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Note: Includes only for-credit degree or other recognized postsecondary credentials that are eligible for federal financial aid.
41
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
Image by by Carol M. Highsmith via Library of Congress
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
42
KEY CONCEPTS
43
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
T.L.L. TEMPLE FOUNDATION
DEFINITION OF TERMS Career Clusters
Occupations
Groups of related types of work and occupations.
Groups of jobs that require similar knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform a variety of activities and tasks. Occupations are classified using the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) taxonomy.
Completions Measurements of the number of students who completed an academic or occupational instructional program. Completions include programs offered for credit at postsecondary institutions—degrees, certificates, and other such formal awards.
Fields of Study Standardized categories of instructional programs. Fields of Study are classified using the Classification of Instruction Programs (CIP) taxonomy to facilitate the collecting, reporting, and analyzing of program data.
Industry Sectors Groups of companies or economic units that share production processes. Industries are classified using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
Occupational Demands
Openings Numbers of new and replacement jobs. New jobs are positions that did not exists in the prior time period; replacement jobs are positions that were vacated by a worker who changed occupations.
Traded Sectors Sectors in which companies sell products or services across regions and/or countries outside of their local area.
Primary Jobs Jobs that infuse new dollars into the economy within industries that are traded or exportoriented. Examples include agriculture, mining, oil, & gas, and manufacturing.
Measurements of the number of openings in a specified time period.
Image by Jay Brittain
TEXARKANA REGION ECONOMIC AND LABOR MARKET PROFILE
44
PREPARED BY