S IM UL A S I M U L AT I O N B O O K Blueprint Anchorage 2050 Cultivating Social Capital
CL I MAT
TH E AL ASK AN CL I M ATE Classification and Information
SUMMARY OF THE CLIMATE Northern Alaska has a cold, dry, polar climate with frequent winter blizzards. Temperatures on the coast are moderated somewhat by the Arctic Ocean. Central Alaska has a dry continental climate, with
a large variation between summer and winter temperatures. Southern and westcentral Alaska experiences moderate temperatures and high precipitation.
KÖPPEN CLIMATE MAP OF AL ASK A BSk | Cold Semi-arid Cfc | Subpolar Oceanic Dsc | Dry-summer Subarctic Simulation Book
Dwc | Subarctic
Climatic
Dfc | Subarctic ET | Tundra
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ALASKA
C L I M AT I C
T
hroughout Alaska, record temperatures and adverse weather conditions have been plaguing the state with greater frequency. Recent news that the government has identified at least 31 towns with impending risk of devastation due to coastal erosion and rising tides - is strong signaling that the climate has been changing at an ever-increasing pace. [11]
SOME OF THESE VILLAGES ARE PREDICTED TO BE UNINHABITABLE BY 2040, LAYING DOWN A DIFFICULT CHOICE FOR THE NATIVE ALASKANS WHO HAVE SETTLED HERE FOR GENERATIONS.
03
T
AN CH O R AG E CLI M ATE
he climate of anchorage is more comfortable and warmer than comparable arctic regions. Temperatures remain within a temperate region most of the year; likey due in part to the city’s proximity to the ocean and latitude.
Temperature and Solar Illuminance
DRY BU L B TE M P E R ATUR E (C) - H O UR LY ANCHORAGE LAKE HOOD SEAPLANE BASE_AK_USA
ALTHOUGH SKY ILLUMINANCE IS GENERALLY LOW, THE CITY ENJOYS SHORT STRETCHES OF HIGH, BRIGHT SUNLIGHT DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS.
1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00
12 AM
Temperature °C 24.00 18.00
6 PM
12.00 6.00
12 PM
0.00
-12.00
6 AM
-18.00 -24.00
12 AM Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Simulation Book
Simulation Book
-6.00
Dec
G L OBAL H O R IZ O NTA L ILLUM INA NC E (LUX) - HOURLY ANCHORAGE LAKE HOOD SEAPLANE BASE_AK_USA
1 JAN 1:00 - 31 DEC 24:00
12 AM
Lux 100000.00 90000.00
6 PM
80000.00 70000.00 60000.00
12 PM
50000.00 40000.00 30000.00
6 AM
20000.00 10000.00 0.00
12 AM 04
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
05
SO L STI CE Summer
AN CH O R AG E CLI M ATE Temperature and Solar Illuminance
HR
SUNRISE
24
04h20
23 22
SUNSET
21
23h42
20
DAYLENGTH
19 18
19h 21s 23s
17 16 15
EQ U I N OX
14
Spring + Autumn
13 12 11
07 06 05 04
Climatic
Simulation Book
08
07h43 Climatic
09
SUNSET 19h59
Simulation Book
SUNRISE
10
DAYLENGTH 12h 15s 56s
03 02 01 Jan
Feb
Darkness
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Dawn
Jul
Aug
Sunshine
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Dusk
SO L STI CE Winter
SUNRISE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ALASKA
G
iven that the majority of agricultural productivity in Alaska occurs just outside of Anchorage, global warming will mean a longer growing season. As the globe warms, and days become longer winters will ultimately become shorter. This outcome whilst negative for many
06
parts of the world, will serve to benefit Alaskan agriculture. HOWEVER, MORE SUN AND HEAT WILL RESULT IN LOSS OF POTABLE, USABLE WATER; STRAINING AND RESTRICTING THE SUPPLY.
10h13 SUNSET 15h41 DAYLENGTH 05h 27s 47s
07
SOL AR
PRO G R A M M E + FU N C TI O NS Developing a Mass on Site
FO O D MUS E UM
C U LTI VATI O N
SU PP O RTI V E
Public Function
Semi Public
Private
Commons
Cold Stores
Cultivation Aeroponics Algae Cultivation
Solar Analysis
Simulation Book
Gallery
Hydroponics Soil Allotments
S O L A R A N A LY S I S
Marketplace Preparation and Packaging
Storage
Service Space
Seaplane Dock
Exhibition Hall 02 Restaurant
Drone Port Exhibition Hall 01 Multipurpose Hall
CafĂŠ
Multipurpose Rooms
09
PRO G R A M M E + FU N C TI O NS
PROGRAMME DISPLACEMENT
T
Developing a Mass on Site
Multipurpose Hall
he various functions and programme of the building were assessed and arranged according to spatial, performative and qualitive requirements and considerations. These were then expanded and displaced into a semi-three dimensional diagram. This diagram informed the following massing conception.
Storage
Restaurant Service Space
Exhibition Hall 02 Multipurpose Rooms
Exhibition Hall 01 Embedded Exhibition Spaces
dr Cu op o lti il A nic va llo s A e tio tm e n r opo n ts n A lg ic s Aq ae C u ua c ult lt iv a t io ur e n
Gallery
Cultivation
Multipurpose Rooms
Hy So
Hydroponics Aeroponics Aquaculture
Hy
Soil Allotments Algae Cultivation
So
Commons Storage
Embedded Exhibition Spaces
Marketplace Storage
Preparation and Packaging
Cold Stores
Café
Em
E
Exhibition Hall 02
b
ed
Ex
Ex
e
d
d
e
d
E
x
h
ib
it io
la
a
c
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ry lle a ns G mo
tp
p
om
e
S
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k
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c pa
n
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ag
S
dro Cu po lt iv il A nic a ti llo s A e tm on e n ropo ts n A lg ic s Aq ae C u ua c ult lt iv ure a ti on
af
r
k
or
ic e
M ul R o t ipur om po s se
Hy So
ac t pl
oc
Café Cultivation
St
rv
s
Pr ep P a a ra c k t ion ag ing a nd
r ke
D
a
on
C
ne
M
mm
hib
Ma
Se
la
Cold Stores
a
Co
Multipurpose Rooms
ap
Service Space Exhibition Spaces Embedded
m
Se
Multipurpose Hall
dd
Sp
n
C
Exhibition Hall 01
CommonsPreparation and Packaging
be
t io bi hi
it io n Ex Re Ha l hib s ta l 0 it io ur 2 nH an M e ul t os a ll R o t ipur 01 rp u om po ip a l l t l s s e Mu H
Solar Analysis
Seaplane Dock
Solar Analysis
Simulation Book
Service Space
dr Cu op o lti il A nic va llo s A e tio tm e n r opo n ts n A lg ic s Aq ae C u ua c ult lt iv s ur a t io e ce n
Simulation Book
Commons
e
Gallery
Hydroponics Aeroponics Aquaculture
Multipurpose Rooms
Marketplace
Soil Allotments Algae Cultivation
Commons
é
pa ce
Storage
af
S
Soil Allotments Algae Cultivation
t or
es
ce vi
Soil Allotments Algae Cultivation Hydroponics Aeroponics Aquaculture
Ma r ke tpla c e
ld S
C
er
Cold Stores Aeroponics AquacultureCultivation Hydroponics Service Space
Co S
Embe dde d Exhibition Spa ces Cultivation
Storage
Co
ld S
t or
es
Restaurant
Seaplane Dock
St o ra g
Café
e
10
11
M ASSI N G 01_ 20190306 Radiation and Sunlight Hours
NORTH
RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
MASSING ASSESSMENT AND ITERATION
A
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
rrangement and distribution of forms appears to work well with respect to internal connections, however the blockiness and increased number of surfaces creates for multiple shaded areas and a loss of heat.
kWh/m 2 620 558
DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | MINIMIZING THE NUMBER OF SMALLER VOLUMES BY INCREASING RELATIVE SURFACE AREA OF EACH | TOWARD MAXIMISING SOLAR RADIATION
496 434 372 310 NW
248 186 126
RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
Simulation Book
Solar Analysis
0
Solar Analysis
Simulation Book
62
SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00
SW
kWh/m 2
Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
620
4500
558
4050
496
3600
434
3150
372
2700
310 NW
12
Hours
248
2250 NW
1800
186
1350
126
900
62
450
0
0
13
M ASSI N G 02_ 20190308 Radiation and Sunlight Hours
NORTH
RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
MASSING ASSESSMENT AND ITERATION
T
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
he adjustment increased surface area exposed to direct radiation. However, creates and undesirable stacking of shade on the northern side of the building.
kWh/m 2 620
DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | CONSOLIDATION OF VOLUMES TO TEST A LARGER, SINGULAR PRIMARY VOLUME | TOWARD MINIMISING SHADING IMPACT
558 496 434 372 310 NW
248 186 126
RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
Simulation Book
Solar Analysis
0
Solar Analysis
Simulation Book
62
SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00
SW
kWh/m 2
Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
620
4500
558
4050
496
3600
434
3150
372
2700
310 NW
14
Hours
248
2250 NW
1800
186
1350
126
900
62
450
0
0
15
M ASSI N G 03_ 20190320 Radiation and Sunlight Hours
NORTH
RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
MASSING ASSESSMENT AND ITERATION
C
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
onsolidation worked favourably, however the elongated central volume is not optimally oriented for solar access. The next step is further consolidation, and optimisation for solar orientation on site.
kWh/m 2 620 558
DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | IDEAL SOLAR ORIENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF MASSING | TOWARD MAXIMISING SOLAR ACCESS
496 434 372 310 NW
248 186 126
RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
Simulation Book
Solar Analysis
0
Solar Analysis
Simulation Book
62
SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00
SW
kWh/m 2
Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
620
4500
558
4050
496
3600
434
3150
372
2700
310 NW
16
Hours
248
2250 NW
1800
186
1350
126
900
62
450
0
0
17
M ASSI N G 04 _ 20190324 Radiation and Sunlight Hours
NORTH
RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
MASSING ASSESSMENT AND ITERATION
A
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
t this stage the massing is receiving a good amount of direct solar radiation, has adequate solar access and minisation of solar shading. However, this has produced sameness in that given my programme I would like to vary up the internal environments to suit the programme.
kWh/m 2 620 558 496 434
DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | CREATING HOT AND COLD SPACES THROUGH SPATIAL VARIATION | TOWARD THERMAL DELIGHT
372 310 NW
248 186 126
RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
Simulation Book
Solar Analysis
0
Solar Analysis
Simulation Book
62
SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00
SW
kWh/m 2
Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
620
4500
558
4050
496
3600
434
3150
372
2700
310 NW
18
Hours
248
2250 NW
1800
186
1350
126
900
62
450
0
0
19
M ASSI N G 05_ 20190328 Radiation and Sunlight Hours
NORTH
RADIATION ANALYSIS | SUMMER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
MASSING FINALISATION
A
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
t this stage I am satisfied with how this early mass is working on site, with respect to its orientation, solar access, shading, variation and too internal allocation of programme spaces.
kWh/m 2 620
DEVELOPING TO THE NEXT STEP | MASS 05 FORMS THE BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT
558 496 434 372 310 NW
248 186 126
RADIATION ANALYSIS | WINTER MONTHS Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
Simulation Book
Solar Analysis
0
Solar Analysis
Simulation Book
62
SUNLIGHT HOURS ANALYSIS | YEARLY 05 Nov 01h00 - 08 Mar 24h00
SW
kWh/m 2
Anchorage Lake Hood Seaplane Base AK 2002
20 May 01h00 - 11 Sep 24h00
SW
620
4500
558
4050
496
3600
434
3150
372
2700
310 NW
20
Hours
248
2250 NW
1800
186
1350
126
900
62
450
0
0
21
SO L A R STR ATEGY Overbright
Skylight Lux 97.9K 89.7K 81.5K 73.2K 65.0K 56.8K 48.6K 40.3K 32.1K
Temp °C 22.7 22.4 22.1 Simulation Book
21.0 20.8 20.5
OVERLY BRIGHT LUX LEVELS
D
uring the short periods of the year where the sky brightness exceeds that of comfortable levels, the appropriate response in this context is not to block out the sun (given the generally cold temperatures) but rather to disperse this bright light. The Solar Diagrams above provide informative solar angles for periods of the year where temperatures exceed 20°C and Sky light Levels exceed 32 000 lux.
22
THROUGH A COMBINATION OF DIFFUSE SKYLIGHT ELEMENTS AND SUSPENDED DIFFUSION ELEMENTS. THE AIM WILL BE TO DESIGN DIFFUSE STRATEGIES WHICH TARGET THESE SOLAR ANGLES SPECIFICALLY, ALLOWING THE SUN TO DIRECT ACCESS (WHERE APPROPRIATE) ALL OTHER TIMES OF YEAR.
Solar Strategies
21.6 21.3
Solar Strategies
21.8
SO L A R STR ATEGY Low Light
Skylight Lux 31.8K 27.8K 23.8K 19.9K 15.9K 11.9K 7.9K 3.9K 0.0K
Temp °C -0.1 -2.7 -5.3 Simulation Book
-18.4 -21.0
DIM AND LOW LUX LEVELS
D
uring the extended periods of the year where the sky brightness remains very low,
The Solar Diagrams above provide informative solar angles for periods of the year where temperatures drop below 0°C and Sky light Levels does not reach 32 000 lux.
24
THE DESIGN STRATEGIES WILL BE TO EMPLOY OPENINGS FACING BOTH THE WATER AND OPEN LANDSCAPE TO THE WEST, THE COMBINATION OF REFLECTIONS OFF THE LAKE, AND SNOW THIS WILL PROVIDE A SUBSTANTIAL BOOST IN THE REFLECTION OF LOW LIGHT. IN ORDER TO MITIGATE ANY GLARE, VERTICAL DIFFUSION ELEMENTS TO SOFTEN INCOMING LIGHT WILL BE EMPLOYED TO LESSEN GLARE.
Solar Strategies
-13.1 -15.8
Solar Strategies
-7.9 -10.5
Blueprint Anchorage 2050 Cultivating Social Capital