teenth-century Utah. Smith commented: “I’m happy about the play—even happier than about the novel [Tree], because I feel at home in my own field.” Although the play did not materialize in a planned Broadway production directed by Mike Todd, it was produced (as First in Heart) at Yale’s Department of Drama in 1947. In 1951, Smith earned her first and only Broadway credit as the co-librettist of the Broadway musical adaptation of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Of her work with George Abbott (like Smith, a former playwriting student of George Pierce Baker), she commented: “I think it was one of the most amiable collaborations in dramatic history.” In her final novel, 1963’s Joy in the Morning, inspired by Smith’s time at the University of Michigan, the protagonist longs to write for the stage. Smith channeled herself in young playwright Annie Brown: “She took to the medium heart, soul, and mind.” After some years of illness, Smith died of pneumonia at a convalescent home in Shelton, CT on January 17, 1972 at the age of seventy-five.

In a 1959 letter to her granddaughter Candace, Smith reflected on her legacy: “I, your grandmother, never went beyond the 8th grade. I educated myself by sitting in on college courses when I could, by reading everything I could get my hands on. And without undue modesty, I am a world famous writer. A hundred years after I’m dead, people will still be reading A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.” Yet it was Smith’s keen dramatic skill, honed at the University of Michigan, at Yale, and at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, that vitally informed her novels. As Carol Siri Johnson observes, “The craft of playwriting was essential to Smith: it was her practiced ability to transcribe the nuances and variations of common American speech that formed her characteristic style.” Even as Tree remains deeply implanted in the cultural imagination, Smith’s plays throb with language and characters as “exciting, churning and ever-changing” as her native borough, and invite rediscovery by new generations.

Johnson, Carol Siri. “The Life and Work of Betty Smith, Author of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.” PhD Dissertation, City University of New York, 1994.

Yow, Valerie Raleigh. Betty Smith: Life of the Author of A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Chapel Hill, NC: Southern Sky Press, 2010.

MAYA CANTU Since 2013, Maya has worked on sixteen productions at the Mint. She is the author of the book, American Cinderellas on the Broadway Musical Stage: Imagining the Working Girl from Irene to Gypsy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015). For her essay “Beyond the Rue Pigalle: Recovering Ada ‘Bricktop’ Smith as ‘Muse,’ Mentor, and Maker of Transatlantic Musical Theater,” published in Reframing the Musical: Race, Culture and Identity, Maya was selected as the 2020 recipient of the American Theatre and Drama Society’s Vera Mowry Roberts Research and Publication Award. Maya teaches at Bennington College, and received her D.F.A. in Dramaturgy and Dramatic Criticism at Yale School of Drama.