V25I4 (Fall 2023) by Redstone Media Group

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS SPECIAL NUTRITION ISSUE

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an I Suppommune rt for yo Bundle u your p and et!

See Pg . 19

THE BEST

TRAINING TREATS

DOES YOUR DOG REALLY HAVE

FOR YOUR DOG

HEALTHY FATS FOR DOGS

ANXIETY ?

Saving Dogs and Cats in WAR-TORN UKRAINE THE BEST DIET FOR

DO YOU HAVE A

PREVENTING OBESITY

“ H IGHLY SENSITIVE PET”?

IN CATS

Inside!

FALL 2023 Display until Dec. 11, 2023

VOLUME 25 ISSUE 4

Weight loss recipes AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

CONTENTS Fall 2023

Columns 12 CANINE

BEHAVIOR

Does your dog really have separation anxiety?

Understanding the differences between separation anxiety and separation-related behaviors will help with the diagnosis and treatment of an affected dog.

26 NEED TO KNOW

Features 16

The best training treats for your dog

T reats play a huge role in dog training, but the wrong kind can lead to weight gain. Let’s look at some healthy, tasty treat training options your dog will be happy to work for!

reasons why being in nature 3 is good for your dog Spending time in nature with your dog enhances physical health and mental well-being for both of you, while strengthening your bond of love and companionship.

ow to support your dog or H cat’s gut health

ackling obesity in dogs T and cats — simple low-cal recipes to try

Find out why supporting your dog or cat’s gut health is one of the most important things you can do for his overall well-being.

Find out why obesity is so bad for your dog or cat, and help her lose weight by addressing exercise and diet, including some nutritious low-calorie recipes.

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Do you have a “highly sensitive pet”?

If your dog or cat seems overreactive, anxious, or easily overwhelmed, she may be a “highly sensitive pet”. Here’s how to tell, and how to help her navigate the world with less stress.

28 YOUR

RESCUE ANIMAL

Adopting the right dog or cat for you

Falling in love with a certain shelter dog or cat, and want to adopt him? That’s great — but first of all, find out if he’s the right fit for you and your lifestyle.

32 HEART HEALTH Supplements to support your dog or cat’s heart Heart disease in dogs and cats has a variety of causes, from dietary deficiencies to genetic predisposition. Read up on the supplements that help support your best friend’s heart.

74 36 SPOTLIGHT

Rescuing dogs and cats from the war in Ukraine is an international effort

The war in Ukraine has had a devastating impact on millions of lives, human and animal. Here’s how animal rescue organizations are saving dogs and cats affected by the conflict.

40 FELINE NUTRITION The best diet for preventing obesity in cats

Diet plays a huge role in the health and longevity of your cat. Feeding her the way nature intended helps prevent obesity and other health problems.

44 AT THE VET

Taking your dog or cat to an integrative vet Here are some tips to help you prepare for an appointment with an integrative veterinarian, so you can get the most out of your visit.

54 EATING WELL

6 healthy fats for dogs

Fats and oils aren’t bad for dogs. In fact, some can be exceptionally good for them. Take a look at six healthy fats and oils that can enhance your dog’s well-being.

70 FUN FACTS

Why do dogs like belly rubs?

72 MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS

Why mushrooms are so good for your dog’s gut microbiome

64 FELINE

58 YOUR

HEALTH

NEW DOG

5 nutraceuticals for cats who are losing weight

Adopting a new dog? Follow these 10 steps to success

Cats that lose weight because they don’t eat for long periods are said to have cachexia, and can develop serious health problems. Five nutraceuticals can help manage this condition.

Whether you’re a firsttime dog parent, or are adopting your second, third (or tenth!) dog, following these ten steps will help ensure success — and a happy, healthy companion!

68 ANIMAL

62 WORKING

BODYWORK

DOGS

How dogs are helping people with Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s service dogs are a relatively new concept, but they can make a positive difference to the lives of people diagnosed with this devastating disease.

How acupressure helps brachycephalic dogs breathe easier

Flat-faced dogs are undeniably cute — but they’re prone to respiratory problems. This acupressure session can help your brachycephalic companion breathe better.

Departments 8 From the Editor

77 Newsworthy

48 Product picks

80 Let’s get social

57 In the News

81 Marketplace

70 Good News

81 Classifieds

Social Media

From Lion’s Mane to Maitake, edible mushrooms are rich in prebiotic fiber and other nutrients that help improve the health of your dog’s gut microbiome.

74 SELF CARE

How being a cat parent improves your health — top 5 benefits

Being a cat parent helps keep the doctor away! Here are five ways that sharing your life with a feline friend can improve your health and well-being — physically and mentally.

78 SMART CHOICES

Choosing a boarding kennel for your dog

Your guide to finding a boarding kennel that will provide the best possible care for your dog.

82 ANIMAL HERO

Community celebrates life of beloved therapy dog

Tips, contests and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine

Nutrition videos, recipes and more! Animal Wellness Magazine

Tips, pet photos, and more! AnimalWellnessMagazine

Crafts, laughs, and more! AnimalWellness

www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS VOLUME 25 ISSUE 4

EDITORIAL/CREATIVE DEPARTMENT: Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Senior Content Editor: Ashley Tonkens Senior Content Editor: Belinda Rose-Innes Graphic Design Lead: Ethan Vorstenbosch Graphic Designer: Joy Sunga Graphic Designer: Ally Hernandez Web Design & Development: Lace Imson Cover Photo Photographer: NotarYES

COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS:

Suzi Beber, Honoris causa Claudia Bensimoun Christina Caplan, CVT Hannah Fitchett Andrew Gronwald Moira Hechenleitner, DVM, CSAT Patricia Herlevi Jean Hofve, DVM Celeste Huttes Katie Kangas, DVM, CVA CVCP Deva Khalsa, VMD Brian Marshall Anna McClain Jared Mitchell, DVM, CVMA, CVA, CVFT Sandra Murphy Laurie Riihimaki Nancy Scanlan, DVM, MS, CVA Robert J. Silver, DVM, MS Amy Snow Tonya Wilhelm Nancy Zidonis

ADMINISTRATION & SALES:

President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden Subscription Services: Simone Beimbrink Customer Satisfaction Representative: Mattias Wahl HR/Finance: Tammy Lloyd

SUBMISSIONS:

ON THE COVER Cover photo by: NotarYES Fall is a time for fresh starts, and that includes diet and nutrition. Making sure you’re feeding your dog or cat the best possible food helps ensure he’ll look as happy and healthy as this gorgeous golden retriever – and just as ready to enjoy the crisp, cool days of autumn with you. This issue offers lots of nutrition advice – turn the page to learn more!

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Please email all editorial material to Ann Brightman, Managing Editor, at ann@ redstonemediagroup.com. We welcome previously unpublished articles and color pictures either in jpeg, tif or disc form at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received. You can also mail submissions to: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8. Please direct other correspondence to info@redstonemediagroup.com.

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TO SUBSCRIBE:

Subscription price at time of this issue is $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, including taxes for four issues shipped via surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com Phone: (866) 764-1212 ext 115 US Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Centennial, CO 80122 CDN Mail: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8 Subscriptions are payable by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, check or money order. The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers. Refund policy: call or write our customer service department and we will refund unmailed issues.

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AnimalWellnessMagazine.com Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published four times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2023. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: August 2023. proudly supporting

improving the lives of animals... one reader at a time.

FROM THE EDITOR

Turning health around with

tips on nutrition A few months ago, a friend welcomed an exuberant new four-month-old Australian Labradoodle into her home — and almost immediately, the fun started. Martie was lovely but her stools were never solid and she barely ate the kibble the breeder recommended, which my friend purchased through the veterinarian. By the time I met Martie, I could tell she was underweight and I suspected the kibble did not agree with her. I recommended a diet change to include some fresh food, as well as digestive enzymes to help her absorb more nutrition from her diet, and a probiotic to help her gut. The next step would be to consider an alternative protein diet. Fortunately, my friend listened and Martie’s gut health has turned around. She has now transitioned to mostly fresh food, layered over a more nutritious kibble, and she eats with gusto instead of picking at her meals. The enzymes and probiotics have done their work too — no more runny stools! Nutrition issues can lead to a host of health problems in our dogs and cats — from runny stools as with Martie, to obesity, diabetes and dental disease. So it’s important to make diet a number one priority and find what works best for your animal companion. Our annual nutrition issue includes plenty of food for thought when it comes to feeding your dog or cat for optimal wellness. We look at nutritious foods and recipes to help prevent obesity in your four-legged companion; and provide an overview of the six healthiest fats and oils you can give your dog. If

you’re training a new dog or pup, check out our article on training treats that will meet your new friend’s nutritional needs. Cat parents can read up on how to prevent obesity in their felines, and how nutraceuticals can help with the opposite problem of too much weight loss. Along with a good diet, a balanced microbiome is essential to overall well-being. This issue includes ways to support your dog or cat’s gut health, from supplements to herbs to lifestyle changes. You’ll also discover how medicinal mushrooms can help nourish and support a healthy gut microbiome in your furry companion. Fall is a perfect season to enjoy the great outdoors, so we’ve included an article that explains why spending time in nature improves your dog’s quality of life (and yours!). We also look at supplements that can help support your dog or cat’s heart health; how service dogs are helping people with Alzheimer’s; risk factors for canine separation anxiety; and much more. Have a wonderfully healthy autumn! Enjoy! Dana Cox Editor-in-Chief

Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine 8

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CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Moira Hechenleitner graduated in 2007 from Mayor University College of Veterinary Medicine in Santiago, Chile. She is a Certified Separation Anxiety Trainer (CSAT), and a postgraduate in Animal-Assisted Therapy. Dr. Hechenleitner is a founding board member of the Chilean Association of Professional Dog Trainers, and has worked as a canine behavior consultant. p. 12

Andrea Gronwald is a certified family dog trainer through Raise with Praise, Inc., owned and operated by Paul Owens, a leading positive dog training expert. She has worked with dogs for two Humane Societies. Andrea and her dog were also part of a volunteer pet therapy program for veterans. She is a strong proponent of positive training methods. p. 58

Retired veterinarian Dr. Jean Hofve earned her DVM at Colorado State University. She also studied veterinary homeopathy, homotoxicology, Reiki and other holistic modalities. She has researched pet food and feline nutrition for more than two decades, and is an expert on holistic pet health and the commercial pet food industry. Dr. Hofve is an official advisor to AAFCO, and co-authored the books Holistic Cat Care and Paleo Dog. p. 40

Patricia Herlevi is a lifestyle journalist, Reiki practitioner, and animal communicator. She practices Reiki and other healing modalities for animals and their guardians. Patricia also completed a memoir about fostering her family dog, which led to her pursuing certification as an animal communicator. p. 28

Veterinarian Dr. Katie Kangas graduated from the University of Wisconsin Veterinary College in 1993. She achieved her CVA certification at the Chi Institute, followed by training in Advanced Acupuncture, Food Therapy, Herbal Medicine and Veterinary Orthopedic Manipulation. Dr. Kangas owns Integrative Veterinary Care in San Diego, California. Special interests include nutrition/food medicine, dental health and pain management. p. 22

Celeste Huttes is a freelance writer specializing in corporate communications — but she finds it far more fun to write about animals! When she’s not writing, Celeste enjoys yoga, walks in the park, and spending quality time with family, friends and pets. p. 26

Veterinarian Dr. Deva Khalsa authored Dr. Khalsa’s The Natural Dog and co-authored Healing Your Horse: Alternative Therapies. She lectures internationally and is a professor at the British Institute of Homeopathy. She has almost 30 years’ experience in holistic modalities. p. 54 Veterinarian Dr. Jared Mitchell graduated from Mississippi State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine in 2004, and owns Mitchell Animal Clinic in Mobile, Alabama. He has advanced training in essential oils through the VMAA. Dr. Mitchell is certified in veterinary acupuncture and veterinary food therapy through Chi University, and is enrolled in their Masters of TCVM program. p. 64 Veterinarian Dr. Nancy Scanlan is Executive Director for the AHVM Foundation, a board member of the WATCVM, and a consultant on the Veterinary Information Network. She has been using complementary health therapies in her veterinary practice since 1970, including nutraceuticals, acupuncture, non-classical homeopathy, and Chinese and Western herbs. Dr. Scanlan was Executive Director of the AHVMA for three years and president of the VBMA for two years. p. 32 Veterinarian Dr Robert Silver graduated from Colorado State’s College of Veterinary Medicine, and established one of the first US integrative vet clinics in Boulder, CO in 1993. He is a nationally recognized expert in veterinary herbal medicine and veterinary CBD and cannabis therapeutics. He wrote A Guide to Pet CBD and Cannabis, shares a blog site (NurseYourPet. com) and owns the Well-Pet Dispensary (wellpetdispensary.com). p. 72 Dr. Suzi Beber creates special needs diets for animals. She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and a Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund received the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award. p. 50

Claudia Bensimoun is a freelance writer in West Palm Beach who specializes in writing about dogs and horses. p. 36

Christine Caplan is a Certified Vet Tech, and a long-time PR veteran and content marketing expert who brings her unique understanding of social and digital media to connect dog lovers to brands both on and offline. (mylifewithdogspdx.com). p. 74

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Anna McClain is a certified Grief Support Specialist and owner of PAWS Pathway, offering pet loss grief support focusing on the human-animal bond. She loves animals of all sizes and is also a Support Specialist for MN Pets. p. 44

Brian Marshall has won numerous writing awards during his 30-plus year career in journalism. The Detroit native and Western Michigan University grad has owned two dachshunds and currently shares his life with a mixed hound. p. 78

Laurie Riihimaki is a full-time freelance writer and editor covering topics from animals and holistic medicine to fitness and personal development. Her theatre background in Boston, London, and NYC has helped her create a fun voice that she utilizes in her writing. Laurie also develops novels, poetry, and personal essays. p. 20

Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis are the authors of ACU-DOG: A Guide to Canine Acupressure, ACU-CAT: A Guide to Feline Acupressure, and ACUHORSE: A Guide to Equine Acupressure. They founded Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Resources, which offers books, manuals, online training courses, DVDs, apps, meridian charts, consulting, and many more acupressure learning tools and opportunities (www.animalacupressure.com; tallgrass@animalacupressure.com). p. 68

Tonya Wilhelm is a dog training and cat care specialist who promotes positive ways to prevent and manage behavior issues. One of the top ten dog trainers in the US, she has helped thousands build happy relationships with their dogs using humane, positive methods. She wrote Proactive Puppy Care; offers dog training classes; provides training and behavior services; and does workshops at pet expos (raisingyourpetsnaturally.com). p. 16

Hannah Fitchett has a strong love for all animals, but a special fondness for dogs. With a master’s degree in chemistry and a love for writing, Hannah aims to share the latest scientific studies and expert knowledge with dog lovers worldwide through her blog, Howling Wolf Pack. p. 67

Sandra Murphy lives in St Louis, Missouri. When she's not writing, she works as a pet sitter. p. 62

DOES YOUR DOG REALLY HAVE SEPARATION ANXIETY by Moira Hechenleitner, DVM, CSAT

Understanding the differences between separation anxiety and separationrelated behaviors will help with the diagnosis and treatment of an affected dog.

The term “separation anxiety” is more widely known now than ever before. During the pandemic, lockdowns and work-from-home mandates hugely increased the number of dogs no longer left home alone on a regular basis. Add to this the equally large number of dogs that were adopted during the pandemic but never introduced to being alone because of the circumstances. When people resumed their normal activities and started leaving the house again, many observed negative reactions from their dogs, such as vocalizing, destroying objects in the home, trying to escape, and inappropriate elimination. People referred to the issue as separation anxiety…but is this really what these dogs are experiencing?

SEPARATION ANXIETY VS. SEPARATION-RELATED BEHAVIORS Although separation anxiety is very common, and can even be referred to as one of “the dog behavior diseases of the 21st century,” there are actually many other reasons dogs can display these behaviors when left at home alone. These are referred to as separation-related behaviors rather than separation anxiety.

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So what’s the difference? Separation-related behaviors are all the undesirable behaviors a dog can display when left home alone without humans. A wide range of behaviors can fall into this category, with vocalizing, destruction, and inappropriate elimination being the most common.

However, the underlying motivation for a dog to display any of these behaviors when alone can vary: •

here are many reasons why a dog may bark T when alone. It could be the environment — barking may occur in dogs living in a busy neighborhood, or in a home with wide front windows from which they can see other dogs passing by, children playing outside, or the mail carrier coming up the walk.

know the new place is safe can make it easier to comprehend this reaction. However, dogs who don’t suffer from separation anxiety know how to effectively use their coping mechanisms to face this new challenge. This means that over time, you’ll see a decrease in the intensity of the signs, as well as the length of time it takes the dog to process the situation and relax. •

Dogs who are confined when home alone, either in a crate or room, or with baby gates or x-pens, could display signs of distress. They experience confinement as an aversive stimulus, and being exposed to it releases a fight or flight response that triggers involuntary behaviors like vocalizing and trying to escape.

•

A dog who suffers from noise sensitivity could display signs of distress when left alone because of a particular noise in the environment at that time, or during that season.

NOTE: Pacing, panting, hyper-salivating, self-harming, and trying to escape can also be separationrelated behaviors.

•

Separation anxiety itself could also be the underlying cause of separation-related behaviors.

•

Lack of communication and understanding between the dog and his human family about expected boundaries, and which behaviors are off-limits, could lead to behaviors such as destruction and elimination when human guidance is absent.

NOTE: Fireworks, thunderstorms, high-pitched noises such as fire alarms, and construction noises, among others, could be triggering an emotional response that can look like separation anxiety.

•

Being introduced to a new home without subsequently being left alone in the new environment could be reason enough for a dog to display some of these behaviors when finally left for the first time. Understanding that the dog doesn’t necessarily

NOTE: The dog’s health might be impacting his behavior. Pain or discomfort can trigger behaviors such as vocalizing, eliminating in undesirable places, and pacing. •

A dog whose mental and physical needs aren’t being met, or whose routine and environment don’t meet the requirements of his breed, could engage in destructive behaviors when alone and unsupervised.

WHAT DOGS WITH SEPARATION ANXIETY HAVE IN COMMON • BODY LANGUAGE THAT SUGGESTS DISTRESS

• THRESHOLD REACHED WITHIN THE FIRST 30 MINUTES OF ABSENCE

• ESCALATION OF SIGNS AFTER REACHING THRESHOLD, AND UNTIL AVERSIVE STIMULUS IS REMOVED www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

SEPARATION ANXIETY RISK FACTORS Although there isn’t a specific known cause guaranteeing the onset of separation anxiety at some point in a dog’s life, environmental factors can facilitate its expression if the dog has a pre-existing underlying predisposition to it.

Ruling out what is causing these behaviors will allow you to successfully address them with an appropriate management, training, or medical plan that targets the root of the problem.

SO WHAT IS SEPARATION ANXIETY? Separation anxiety is defined as a disorder in which the dog exhibits an extreme fear of being alone. Because he experiences being left alone as an aversive stimulus, it elicits an emotional and involuntary response. It’s considered dysfunctional because of the dog’s limited chances to naturally adapt to it, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will escalate over time.

These factors are usually regarded as changes in the dog’s environment that could be perceived as traumatic events. Traveling by air, losing a family member, moving to a new home or town, experiencing a feardriven event such as loud noises, fireworks, or a car crash, and health issues that affect overall quality of life could all fall into this category.

But why does a dog lose the ability to adapt, and why does this become a disorder? Although the cause of separation anxiety is still unknown, evidence suggests a genetic predisposition. A high correlation has been found between different anxiety disorders such as noise sensitivity, generalized anxiety, confinement issues, and separation anxiety. This suggests that some dogs have a greater likelihood of developing these issues at some point during their lives.

Dogs who suffer from separation anxiety have a challenging time adapting to change. Any alteration in their routine and/or environment, even positive ones, can lead to tremendous stress and struggle to adapt. So it’s likely that change could be a trigger for separation anxiety. Throughout their lives, dogs are exposed to many changes, which increase the possibility of separation anxiety developing at any age.

Artificial selection has impeded genetics from keeping up with these changes and allowing dogs to better adapt to the constant shifts. In its turn, captivity has prevented dogs from having a choice about their environment and developing tools to face it. These events, although not yet fully recognized, have created an imbalance between the environment and the genetics of dogs, and could be the ultimate cause behind the exponential increase in emotional disorders such as separation anxiety.

In some cases, it won’t be possible to determine the environmental factor that triggered the onset of separation anxiety. Since the approach to helping a dog with separation anxiety will be the same either way, knowing what caused it isn’t completely necessary and won’t alter the treatment’s success rate. However, knowing that the dog is actually experiencing separation anxiety, and not a separation-related behavior caused by something else, is crucial for implementing an appropriate and successful plan of action.

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NOTE: Our fast-changing world has resulted in a very different environment from the one known to dogs 50 years ago.

WHAT DO DOGS WITH SEPARATION ANXIETY HAVE IN COMMON? The behaviors that dogs with separation anxiety display when alone are an expression of the underlying fear and stress they are experiencing, which means they can vary from dog to dog. Since separation-related behaviors are also unspecific, and could have different underlying motivations, determining that a dog actually suffers from separation anxiety can be challenging. Although there is no rule about what signs or combination of signs a dog needs to display to be classified as having separation anxiety, there are a few things dogs with this disorder have in common. When a dog with separation anxiety is exposed to being left alone (which represents an aversive stimulus to him), he will try to cope with it. NOTE: A s the intensity of the stimulus increases (i.e. the longer you're out), he will reach a point where he can't successfully handle it anymore.

This stage, called the threshold, will be marked by the first overt behavior suggesting distress. After this point, the dog won’t be able to settle again and will continue displaying signs of distress until the intensity of the stimulus decreases or is removed (i.e. the absence ends and someone returns). Instead, the signs will either increase in intensity over time, or will occur cyclically until someone is back. If no training plan has been successfully implemented, and the dog hasn’t yet learned to stay relaxed for longer than 30 minutes of his family’s absence, it is likely that this threshold will be reached within that first 30 minutes. Even though the unspecific nature of the signs surrounding separation anxiety might lead to confusion, body language that suggests distress while performing these behaviors will allow us to differentiate between alert barking, destructive behavior due to excess energy and/or boredom – and behaviors being triggered by fear and anxiety. Consulting a specialist and implementing an alone time assessment to objectively observe the behaviors a dog displays when left on his own is the cornerstone of the separation anxiety diagnosis. Ensuring an accurate diagnosis will in turn allow us to choose the appropriate training plan and medical aids, which will ultimately help the dog rehabilitate and succeed.

CAUSES OF SEPARATION-RELATED BEHAVIORS • HEALTH ISSUES • ENVIRONMENT • MISCOMMUNICATION BETWEEN DOG AND GUARDIAN • ADAPTING TO A NEW HOME • ENERGY LEVEL (AGE, GENETICS) • CONFINEMENT ISSUES • OTHER BEHAVIOR CHALLENGES • SEPARATION ANXIETY

TRAINING TIPS

The Best Training Treats for Your Dog by Tonya Wilhelm

Treats play a huge role in dog training, but too many of the wrong kind can lead to weight gain and other issues. Let’s look at some healthy, tasty treat training options that your dog will be happy to work for!

hen training a dog, it’s vital to use positive reinforcement methods. In a nutshell, when she does something right, you add something desirable or pleasant. This most often involves giving her treats. The problem is, most commercial treats are high in carbs and calories, and made with synthetic flavors, colors and preservatives that are bad for your dog, especially in large quantities. So since you’re going to use a lot of treats during the training process, it’s crucial to pick something that’s nutritious as well as palatable. This article looks at healthy training treat choices that your dog will look forward to receiving.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF HIGH-VALUE TREATS In order for your dog to want to repeat a behavior, he has to view the reward as something valuable and worth working for.

HINT: The value of a treat is up to your dog, not you.

You may think a certain treat is super valuable, but your dog turns his nose up at it. Or maybe he gobbles it up inside the house, but not outdoors or around distractions. To be successful, you need to ensure your dog thinks the reward he’ll receive is top-notch, wherever he happens to be.

KEEP THE REWARDS COMING The other important thing to keep in mind when training your dog is that you want to reward him often and frequently. Don't be stingy. The more you practice and reward your dog, the better and more reliable his behavior will become. Again, this means your training treats should be nutritious; think of them not as extra calories, but as calories that can be used for his daily nutritional needs.

CHOOSING YOUR TRAINING TREATS

When buying treats, flip over the package and read the ingredient panel. The actual list of ingredients is key – not what the manufacturer puts on the front of the bag. Remember, the latter is a form of advertising. Take a deep dive and investigate all those ingredients. Are they healthy? Are there any unnecessary fillers? HINT: If the treats have fillers, you will be adding calories but not good nutrition.

Go for treats made from real meat, veggies, and fruit, which are all foods your dog can eat as part of a healthy diet. If the treats contain only these ingredients, you can easily swap out some of his regular food for these healthy treats. Foods that are good for most dogs include rabbit, beef, pork, chicken, fish, lobster, lamb and venison; vegetables like squash, pumpkin, and carrots; and fruits such as strawberries, blueberries, apples, pears and cantaloupe.

Make Your Own Dehydrated Training Treats A healthy and easy way to make your dog's training treats is with a food dehydrator, which removes moisture from the food without burning it. When making a batch of dehydrated treats, think of a trail mix that includes a mixture of meats, fruits and vegetables your dog enjoys. These treats can be stored in the freezer to keep them fresh; just remove a week’s worth at a time and place them in your dog’s training treat jar.

DEHYDRATING MEAT CHUNKS 1. Remove and discard any fat from the meat. 2. Thinly slice the meat into 2” pieces. You want relatively

small pieces because once the meat is dehydrated, it will be very difficult to break. Slicing the meat while it’s slightly frozen allows for a more even cut.

3. Arrange the meat slices on a dehydrator tray, but do not overlap the pieces.

4. Dehydrate to the consistency your dog prefers — approximately 12 hours.

5. Allow the meat chips to completely cool before removing them from the tray.

DEHYDRATING GROUND MEAT 1. Place ground meat in a jerky gun or inside a piping bag. 2. Pipe the meat onto a dehydrator tray in consistentlysized strips.

Dehydrate until done — approximately six hours. The treats should be dry to the touch but still somewhat flexible.

4. Allow the treats to completely cool before removing them from the trays.

DEHYDRATING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 1. Wash all fruits and vegetables prior to dehydrating. 2. Remove and discard any seeds, cores or skin. 3. Slice the fruits and veggies into 1/2” pieces. Because they consist mostly of water, they will shrink a lot, so don't be afraid to dehydrate bigger pieces. Unlike meat, fruits and vegetables are easily broken after being dehydrated. For raspberries, blueberries, or blackberries, simply place the entire berry on the tray — no need to cut them!

4. Arrange the fruit and veggie pieces on a dehydrator

rack, and dehydrate them until they’re the consistency of chips — approximately 15 hours.

Allow the chips to cool completely before removing them from the trays.

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HINT: If your dog has allergies to certain meat proteins, look for treats made from alternatives such as venison or rabbit.

Real meat is not only a nutritious training treat, but also one most dogs consider highly valuable! Freeze-dried or dehydrated treats made from single meats are readily available in pet stores and online. Look for natural, limitedingredient products with no unpronounceable additives.

HINT: Don’t give your dog too many liver treats. While liver is a healthy organ meat, too much can lead to a vitamin A overdose. For training treats, it’s best to stick to muscle meat, and save the organ meats as part of your dog’s regular diet.

You can also easily provide your own dog training treats. Determine which healthy foods in your fridge or pantry your dog most enjoys — small pieces of lean chicken are a good option, along with tiny balls of ground beef or turkey, or small pieces of cut-up vegetables such as carrots, broccoli or green beans. Blueberries or bits of melon also make tasty and nutritious treats. Try and go for organic meats and produce if you can.

HINT: Cheese may seem like an obvious choice for training treats, but too much isn’t good for your dog.

As you can see, there are all kinds of choices when it comes to dog training treats. It all boils down to providing something healthy and nutritious, but also tasty enough that your dog will regard it as a reward worthy of his efforts!

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REASONS WHY BEING IN NATURE IS GOOD FOR YOUR DOG by Laurie Riihimaki

SPENDING TIME IN NATURE WITH YOUR DOG ENHANCES PHYSICAL HEALTH AND MENTAL WELLBEING FOR BOTH OF YOU, WHILE STRENGTHENING YOUR BOND OF LOVE AND COMPANIONSHIP. There’s a reason your dog loves the outdoors. And it’s not just because of all the exciting smells, although that’s certainly a part of it. Like humans, dogs need to spend time in nature, for their physical health and their mental and emotional wellness. This article looks at how regular outings in natural areas benefit your dog in three important ways.

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NATURE PROVIDES HIM WITH PHYSICAL EXERCISE Regular physical exercise is one of the keystones of keeping your dog healthy. Getting outside every day, whether it’s a hike in the woods, playing ball in the backyard or a nearby field, or even a walk around the block in a residential area, gives your dog the physical activity he needs to optimize and maintain his health. Keeping active is also important for a dog’s longevity, and will help him age much more gracefully when he does eventually start to show signs of growing older. The act of running, walking, and playing outdoors can help prevent conditions and diseases such as heart disease, dementia, and arthritis.

NATURE STRENGTHENS YOUR BOND WITH YOUR DOG

Physical wellness isn’t the only thing that nature has to offer your dog. it can also boost and support her mental health, while enhancing the bond you share with her. In fact, being outside in nature is vital to her mental health, as it is for yours. “Spending time in nature is healing and soothing, as it calms the nervous system, and lowers blood pressure and cortisol levels,” says veterinarian Dr. Paola Cuevas.

Spending more time in nature with your dog also nourishes your mutual bond. The relationships between humans and their dogs run deep. Your dog is completely dependent on you, and relies on you for food, security, and stability. Because of this, as with children, you need to offer your dog emotional availability and time for play so he can stay happy and healthy.

Nature helps reduce stress in your dog. If you’ve ever noticed her misbehaving after being cooped up at home for a few days, there’s a chance it’s due to a lack of time outdoors. Being without access to nature for long periods is a stressor for any dog — or human. Flag it: We live in a fast-paced world full of distractions, busyness, and constant noise, and studies show this can contribute to a plethora of diseases, in both dogs and people.

“Dogs kept inside chemical-loaded houses or apartments without access to an outside area have increased probabilities of developing behavioral disorders and chronic diseases such as cancer, endocrinological issues, sensitivities, and dermatitis, to name a few,” says Dr. Cuevas. Although it’s not always possible to prevent the development of certain diseases in your dog, taking her to natural areas outdoors on a regular basis can have long-lasting positive effects that will help her fight illness.

Flag it: It’s also important to keep yourself happy, because your dog can pick up on your emotions.

“Dogs are a reflection of ourselves,” adds Dr. Cuevas. “They take on our emotional states, they adopt our habits, our looks, and ultimately our diseases as well. Humans can greatly benefit from long walks in nature with their dogs, and dogs are a perfect excuse to get us moving even on challenging days.” Spending time outdoors is a mutually beneficial way to love your dog and yourself. Disconnecting from work to take in the smells and colors of nature with your pooch is a pleasurable way to prioritize physical and mental health, as well as your friendship, and will ultimately improve your quality of life, and his.

Flag it: “Studies have shown that both humans and dogs, when given the chance to go outside and come in contact with the soil, get the chance to develop a strong immune system,” says Dr. Cuevas.

“Regular contact with healthy soil helps us and our dogs develop a healthy and varied microbiome in our guts and skin,” she continues. “This strengthens our immune systems and makes us less susceptible to infections, allergies, and sensitivities. This has been proven both in babies and puppies, as well as in adult populations.”

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How to support your dog or cat’s

Gut Health BY KATIE KANGAS, DVM, CVA, CVCP

Integrative and holistic practitioners have long understood that gut health is the foundation of whole-body health for people and their dogs and cats. Mainstream medicine now also recognizes that the health status of the GI tract truly affects everything else in the body. This is why supporting your dog or cat’s gut health is so important to his overall well-being.

“ALL DISEASE STARTS IN THE GUT” This concept dates back thousands of years to traditional Eastern and Chinese medicine as well as ancient Greek philosophy. In fact, Hippocrates (also known as the “father of medicine”) stated that: “All disease starts in the gut”. Today, our current understanding of leaky gut syndrome, gut microbiome status, and the gut-brain axis all provide modern scientific evidence that this ancient philosophy is true.

LEAKY GUT — WHY IT’S A PROBLEM “Leaky gut” describes the condition that occurs when the lining of the gastrointestinal tract becomes hyperpermeable, allowing toxins, bacteria, and other foreign substances to leak into the bloodstream. This concept is gaining lots of interest because of its application to numerous health conditions, including

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digestive disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic issues like chronic skin conditions, joint inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. The lining of the intestinal tract is made up of epithelial cells that form an inside barrier separating the lumen (tube) of the gut from systemic circulation (bloodstream). This intestinal barrier allows the passage and absorption of beneficial nutrients into the body to be used as daily fuel; but it also works to protect the body from absorbing unwanted toxic substances and foreign particles. The intestinal barrier is designed to do these essential jobs via a system of connections between the epithelial cells, called tight junctions. Additionally, the intestinal epithelial

CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LEAKY GUT SYNDROME oor digestive function, • P constipation, diarrhea, gas, bloating • I nflammatory bowel disease (IBD) alabsorption issues • M icrobiome disturbance/dysbiosis • M hronic inflammatory diseases • C

oint pain • J llergies • A kin disorders, eczema, • S rashes, acne utoimmune diseases • A rain diseases such as dementia • B nxiety or depression • A

MAL GUT NO R

LEAKY GUT

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ADDRESSING GI INFLAMMATION AND LEAKY GUT

barrier protects the underlying immune system tissue and is critically necessary for supporting a healthy and balanced gut microbiome. In our modern-day world, many factors can cause intestinal inflammation that can lead to a breakdown of the tight junctions in the gut lining barrier. This results in leakage through the cell connections, allowing unwanted particles into all systems of the body.

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS ALSO IMPACTED It is important to understand that once the gut barrier has been penetrated, much of the immune system is exposed. That’s because the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is just behind the thin layer of epithelial cells. The GALT is a layer of immune cells that compromises 60% to 70% of your dog or cat’s immune system, and is where 80% of their antibodies originate. When this tract of immune system tissue experiences constant direct exposure to incoming foreign agents, toxins, and unwanted particles, it puts the immune system in “overdrive” and starts a cascade of chronic inflammation. This is why leaky gut syndrome is implicated as the root cause of various metabolic disorders, immune mediated diseases, and all kinds of chronic inflammatory conditions.

GUT OFFENDERS Here are some things that can cause inflammation in the GI tract and compromise the gut lining: • P rocessed foods — high heat creates AGEs, which cause inflammation • T oxins — glyphosate (RoundUp) and other herbicides and pesticides; food preservatives BPA/BHA • M edications — NSAIDs, antacids, antibiotics, corticosteroids • C hronic stress — causes adrenal glands to release cortisol; if consistent, can damage gut lining Furthermore, microbial communities in the gut are significantly affected by diet. Processed foods, a high carbohydrate ratio in the diet, not enough fiber (prebiotics), etc., have a direct impact on the composition and function of gut microbiota.

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Now for the good news! The intestinal epithelium possesses a great capacity for self-renewal and regeneration after being damaged. In fact, the intestinal lining is one of the most rapidly regenerating tissues in the body, with the ability to renew every five to seven days. These renewal and regenerative processes are driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which reside at the base of crypts in the epithelial cells. Numerous medicinal foods and supplements can help support and repair the GI tract and aid in reducing or resolving inflammation.

11 WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR DOG OR CAT’S GUT HEALTH

Diet is crucial. Gut health is supported by high quality, species-appropriate foods made with fresh or minimally-processed ingredients. Limited or novel ingredient diets can be used initially to help reduce inflammatory response.

Avoid potential allergens. Work with your vet to identify and avoid food allergens or intolerances. Ideally, food sensitivity testing can be done, or trials with limited ingredient diets.

Stress can exacerbate digestive issues, so stress management is helpful. Support a calm environment and stress-reducing activities, with regular exercise and mental stimulation.

Incorporating prebiotics and probiotics can help promote a healthy balance of gut bacteria and support overall digestive function. I suggest rotating probiotics, or using them intermittently and incorporating fermented foods.

Fecal Microbiota Transfer can help replace and rebuild the gut microbiome, thus improving gut health and immune response.

Digestive enzymes are essential for effectively breaking down foods to support the assimilation of nutrients. Proper levels of digestive enzymes can reduce inflammation and reactivity to poorly digested food particles.

Studies show that glutamine helps maintain the health and length of the intestinal villi, preserve the mucosal lining, and prevent worsening of gut permeability.

Collagen contains amino acid building blocks, such as proline and glycine, that help repair the intestinal lining. Bone broth contains collagen, proline, glycine and glutamine.

foods are helpful and include kefir, 9 Fermented fermented veggies, etc.

Colostrum provides immune factors and growth factors to protect and repair gut tissue, while its proline-rich peptides help intracellular signaling modulate the immune system. Numerous herbs and medicinal mushrooms have been evaluated for their positive effects on maintaining intestinal barrier function. Useful medicinal mushrooms include Chaga, Cordyceps, Lions Mane, Shiitake and Maitake. Herbs commonly used to support gut health and repair include slippery elm, marshmallow root, licorice root and plantain.

Always work with your veterinarian when making any changes to your dog or cat’s diet, or introducing any new supplements or remedies. Every animal is unique, and requires individual care. Having said that, maintaining optimal gut health is important to every one of our canine and feline friends, so it’s never too soon to start.

THE GUT-BRAIN CONNECTION The gut-brain axis describes the integral relationship between the brain and the gut. Once the gut barrier has been penetrated, it appears the blood-brain barrier is also compromised, and this can cause inflammatory responses in the brain and nervous system. Numerous scientific studies report on the cognitive, mental, and mood changes seen in humans with celiac disease and similar gut health issues associated with a compromised gut barrier. Changes in the gut microbiome also occur due to a compromised gut barrier, and this is important to the brain because certain microbial populations help produce many neurotransmitters and hormones. This means that dogs and cats with gut health issues and dysbiosis (microbiome imbalance) can experience mood and behavior changes such as aggression or anxiety. In fact, many of the calming and feel-good neurochemicals and hormones such as serotonin, dopamine, and GABA are produced in the gut. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

NEED TO KNOW

D gs Cats

DO YOU HAVE A “HIGHLY SENSITIVE PET”? by Celeste Huttes

If your dog or cat seems overreactive, anxious, or easily overwhelmed, she may be a “highly sensitive pet”. Here’s how to tell, and what you can do to help her navigate the world with less stress.

Back in 1996, when Dr. Elaine Aron’s book, The Highly Sensitive Person: How to Thrive When the World Overwhelms You, was released, you could almost hear the collective sigh of relief. Her research resonated with people around the world who believed there was something wrong with them because they felt things too deeply or cried too easily. On the contrary, the pioneering psychologist found that the trait of high sensitivity is innate and normal, occurring in 15% to 20% of the population. Now, this trait is also being identified in a range of animal species, including our dogs and cats. Here’s what that means, and how to tell if you might have a “highly sensitive pet.”

WHAT DOES HIGH SENSITIVITY MEAN? According to Dr. Aron, the highly sensitive person (HSP) “has a sensitive nervous system, is aware of subtleties in his/ her surroundings, and is more easily overwhelmed when in a highly stimulating environment.” In scientific terms, this trait is known as sensory-processing sensitivity.

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For better or worse, highly sensitive people are extremely tuned in to the world around them. Here are the four hallmarks of high sensitivity:

1. Depth of processing 2. Susceptibility to overstimulation 3. Emotional and empathetic 4. Sensitive to subtleties Not long after Dr. Aron’s book was published, biologists began identifying the trait of high sensitivity in more than 100 other animal species (so far), from dogs, cats, and horses to wild creatures such as fish, monkeys, and birds.

“ Highly sensitive pets” may be labeled as shy, anxious, fearful or neurotic.

EMPOWERED BY POSITIVITY Often misunderstood, like their human counterparts, “highly sensitive pets” may be labeled as shy, anxious, fearful or neurotic because they prefer to proceed with caution through life. The way we handle these animals can increase or decrease their reactivity. For example, in her book The Highly Sensitive Dog: Making Life Easier for These Wonderful Dogs, veterinarian Dr. Christine King recalls how she would become highly reactive when she first realized her adopted dog, Miss Tiger Lilly, was dog-aggressive in certain situations. “My anticipation of trouble didn’t help matters, and my reactiveness only served to amplify the problem in the moment and make such problems more likely in the future,” she writes. “Highly sensitive pets, like highly sensitive people, are all too frequently misunderstood and thus mishandled, which tends to only increase the sensitivity and make the issue even worse.” Not surprisingly, harsh, angry words or energy will have a negative impact on a dog or cat with high sensitivity. On the other hand, praise, encouragement, trust and other positive actions will help empower her by making her feel better and calmer.

HANDLE WITH CARE The world can feel like a harsh place to those born with high sensitivity. If you think you might have a “highly sensitive pet,” it’s a good idea to first take her to the vet to make sure she doesn’t have any physical problems that could be contributing to her behavior. If she doesn’t, then here are some tips to help her cope and feel less stressed:

Build stable and loving social bonds to create a sense of security and belonging.

2. Cultivate a calm, quiet home environment. 3. Allow your dog or cat time to unwind and withdraw as needed. 4. Calm yourself before dealing with your animal, and stay in the moment. (Remember how tuned in she is to you, and don’t anticipate trouble).

5. Talk calmly and positively to your animal. Dr. King found

it helpful to visualize what she was trying to communicate to her dog.

6. Be consistent and enthusiastic in your praise; and calm

and gentle when discouraging unwanted behavior, such as unnecessary barking or growling.

When dealing with your “highly sensitive pet,” follow this advice from Dr. King: “Respect and relish the social bonds between…you, prioritize a sense of safety and belonging (in both directions), and be consistent and reliable so that your [animal] learns to trust the bonds you two have created, even when you’re not there.”

Cultivate a calm, quiet home environment. “Highly sensitive pets” make wonderful companions. Emotional and empathetic, they bond deeply with their human families and other trusted people and animals. Yet even today, the trait of high sensitivity is still easily overlooked or misunderstood. So before you label Rover an “over-reactor” or dismiss Fluffy as a “fraidy cat,” consider the possibility that your animal companion was born highly sensitive.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH SENSITIVITY Whether two-legged or four-legged — furry, feathered or finned — highly sensitive beings are simply wired differently. Research shows their brains process sensory input more deeply than their less-sensitive counterparts. The defining trait of the highly sensitive is a keen awareness of subtleties in the environment — things likely to go unnoticed by others. Some scientists theorize this ability could help a species survive. Much like an early warning system, the highly sensitive individual’s fine-tuned ability to perceive and react to danger could alert the rest of the group, pack or herd to imminent danger. But there is a downside to being on “high alert” all the time. The “highly sensitive pet”, for example, tends to startle easily and may quickly become overwhelmed by loud noises and new sights, changes in routine, and the intense emotions from people or other animals around them. They may even have a greater reactivity to hunger and pain and take longer to calm down than other dogs and cats would. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

YOUR RESCUE ANIMAL

ADOPTING THE RIGHT DOG OR CAT FOR YOU BY PATRICIA HERLEVI

Photo cou rte sy

of Lis a

Falling in love with a certain shelter dog or cat, and want to adopt him? That’s great — but first of all, find out if he’s the right fit for you and your lifestyle.

D gs Cats

When visiting an animal shelter or rescue facility, it can be very easy to fall in love with a particular dog or cat. Before filling out the adoption form, though, it’s important to determine if the animal you have your eye on is right for you. Adopting a dog or cat that isn’t a good match for your household, budget, or lifestyle can lead to problems and heartbreak. Here are three things to consider before bringing home a new four-legged friend.

THE RIGHT 1 CHOOSE BREED OR MIX Breed matters. A mixed breed is usually a great option, especially if you’re looking for an easy-going companion such as a golden retriever cross or tabby cat. However, it’s important to do some research that includes an evaluation of your lifestyle and schedule, to see if the dog or cat you want to adopt will fit in well.

• F or instance, herding and hunting dogs require vigorous

daily exercise, or need to be taken to an open space to run for at least 30 minutes at a time. Some of these breeds, such as border collies and Australian shepherds, need a job to do in order to stay happy and fulfilled — and that will entail a commitment of time and energy from you.

• German shepherds, German short-haired pointers, Vizlas, and Weimaraners are regarded as “Velcro” dogs — they tend to suffer from separation anxiety when their humans are away from home, so might not be the best choice for a household where everyone is out a lot. • Some breeds will bark for hours if not properly trained and socialized, or if left alone. While this might not be a problem if you live in a detached home, it can become an issue in apartments and condos where neighbors might file a noise complaint.

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• C ertain cat breeds are also more vocal than others — Siamese, Bengal and Burmese are a few examples. • A re you looking for a dog to take part in outdoor activities with you, or a low-maintenance companion that’s happy to stay home? Remember that a dog requires socialization, regular exercise, and the right food for an active lifestyle. • I f you don’t want to spend time and money on grooming, or deal with a lot of animal hair in your home, opt for a short-haired dog or cat. • W hen adopting a kitty, ask yourself if you want a cuddly lap cat or an independent breed that will keep herself entertained with the toys and climbing perch you provide.

2 TAKE A LOOK AT YOUR BUDGET Being an animal parent costs money. Providing optimal care for a dog or cat involves regular veterinary visits and a good quality diet with the appropriate supplements, at the very least, so be sure your budget will allow for it. Some people adopt animals and never take them to the vet. Or they’ll buy the cheapest pet food they can find. While these measures might save money in the short term, they’ll cost you big in the long term, since poor nutrition and a lack of veterinary care will lead to expensive health problems down the road.

How much does being an animal parent cost? “The ASPCA estimates an annual total of $1,391 for dogs and $1,149 for cats," says Lea Sanders of Companion Animal Coalition, which provides resources and access to veterinary care to animal parents in Erie, Pennsylvania. “This can vary depending on the animal. I budget around $200 to $300 dollars a month for my own pets, but they have special needs and require more care than a 'normal' animal.” Beyond diet and vet visits, dogs and cats incur many additional costs (see sidebar on page 30). Shop around for the best prices, but don’t skimp on quality.

THE ANIMAL’S 3 CONSIDER NEEDS BASED ON HIS AGE Older animals tend to be less rambunctious than puppies or kittens, so don’t overlook the adults — or the seniors — if you want a calmer companion. A lot of senior dogs and cats are in need of loving homes, because most people want young animals.

ADDITIONAL THINGS YOUR DOG OR CAT WILL NEED DOGS • • • •

ollar, harness and leash C Bed Crate Apparel for inclement weather (e.g. coat and boots) • Plenty of toys • Natural repellent for fleas and ticks • Grooming tools (at least a brush and comb)

CATS • • • • •

itter box and litter L Cat tree or condo Carrier Plenty of toys Natural repellent for fleas and ticks • Grooming tools (at least a brush and comb)

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Also, the budget for a puppy will be higher than for an adult dog that’s already trained and socialized; however, keep in mind that not all grown dogs have been properly trained when young. You’ll need to invest time and money into training your dog or pup, whether you do it yourself or hire a positive trainer to help you. Don’t skip this step, because an untrained and unsocialized puppy or dog can start exhibiting problem behaviors. If you’re going to train your dog or puppy yourself, you need to ask yourself some important questions, according to trainer Lisa Yan: “Will your whole family be on board with consistency? Do you have the financial means to do training? Are you in good enough health to give the dog what he needs in terms of exercise and socialization? Do you have the time and energy to put in the work?” If you opt for a senior dog or cat (good for you!), be aware that you’ll probably have to deal with more veterinary costs than you would for a youngster, since older animals are more prone to health problems. When it comes to adopting a dog or cat, hindsight isn't your best friend. You want your new companion to share her life with you, so take the time to learn if she’s the right match for you!

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FIND THE RIGHT KIBBLE FOR YOUR DOG NutriSource, Choice, limited-ingredient PureVita, and the high-animal-protein Element Series are all excellent options built on the Good 4 Life system. Good 4 Life is formulated with prebiotics and probiotics to support nutrient absorption, skin and coat health, the brain, and the gut. There are recipes for puppies, adults, seniors, small breeds, large breeds, and pups with allergies and sensitivities.

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HEART HEALTH

Supplements

to support your dog or cat’s heart D gs BY NANCY SCANLAN, DVM, MS, CVA

Cats

Heart disease in dogs and cats has a variety of causes, from dietary deficiencies to genetic predisposition. Read up on the natural supplements that can help support your best friend’s heart.

While it’s true that dogs and cats don’t have heart attacks, they definitely do get heart disease. Common causes of heart problems in our canine and feline companions include dietary deficiencies, parasites (especially heartworm), aging (especially aging heart valves), and inherited breed-related problems. A number of natural supplements can help support your dog or cat’s heart health, even in the face of these risks.

HELP HER HEART WITH THESE SUPPLEMENTS • V itamin E is especially important for cats on a diet

high in oily fish, since their bodies need additional antioxidant vitamin E to protect against the pro-oxidant effect of too many unsaturated fatty acids. Vitamin E can also help dogs with heart problems. It should be taken with vitamin C, which restores it to its anti-inflammatory form once it has done its job.

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Did you know? Cats are especially susceptible to dietary deficiencies. This has become increasingly obvious given the increased levels of carbohydrates in their diets, especially poor quality dry foods.

• A diet too low in the amino acid taurine can cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in cats. Taurine is found in high quantities in mammalian hearts, including those of rodents — a cat’s natural prey. Other good sources of taurine are meat, poultry, fish, and dairy foods. Preventing DCM is much better than trying to reverse it once a cat has developed it, so be sure there is enough taurine in your cat’s diet. Fortunately, researchers figured out the connection between commercial diets and DCM, with the result that the minimum amount of taurine recommended by AAFCO has been increased, twice. So we now see less DCM than we used to.

Did you know? If you prepare your cat’s food yourself, be aware that rabbit is lower in taurine than other meats, so is not a good base for a feline diet.

• A nother amino acid found in high quantities in hearts is L-carnitine. It helps both dogs and cats with heart problems, and works even better when combined with taurine. There is some evidence that certain breeds of dog have a higher requirement for both taurine and L-carnitine; some of these dogs develop DCM that is reversible when treated with a combination of these amino acids. Any animal with heart disease can benefit from both taurine and L-carnitine. • T he body uses CoQ10 to help with the production of adenosine triphosphate (or ATP, the source of the body’s energy). The highest quantities of ATP are found in tissues requiring large amounts of energy to function — especially the heart. Although ATP is naturally produced by the body, it declines as the animal gets older, especially when heart disease is present. Humans taking CoQ10 show improved heart function and decreased need for hospitalization, and my dog patients show the same.

Did you know? CoQ10 is fat-soluble, so the dry form is very poorly absorbed; a gel cap is better, especially when given with meals to increase absorption even more.

• Animals with congestive heart failure may have lower levels of Omega-3 fatty acids in their bodies. The antiinflammatory action of Omega-3s can help with heart disease. These fatty acids prolong clotting time, resulting in the formation of fewer clots — a big benefit for cats with heart disease. • As congestive heart failure advances, the body starts retaining fluid, especially in the lungs. A natural diuretic such as dandelion can help in the initial stages. Eventually, dogs and cats with this problem will need a drug with stronger action, but using a natural diuretic at the same time may make it possible to decrease

Genetic predispositions to heart disease More than 30 genetic mutations have been linked to DCM in dogs. Depending on the breed, a gene can cause problems ranging from slowly progressing congestive heart disease to sudden death. Natural medicine is based on helping the body heal itself and recover its original health. But when the body starts out in a broken state due to genetics, the best we can do is compensate for the problem the best we can for as long as possible. In other words, we cannot reverse inherited heart disease. But we can help lengthen the time before it shows up, and slow its progression. Vitamins E and C, L-carnitine and taurine, and CoQ10 should be included in the diet of any dog with an inherited form of heart disease.

drug amounts and reduce the risk of side effects. Always work with your veterinarian if you want to try this — he or she can monitor your dog or cat to make sure a lower dose of the drug is still working properly.

HAWTHORN — WHEN IT’S INDICATED, WHEN IT’S NOT Hawthorn is an herb that can help dogs in the very early stages of inherited heart disease. It’s approved for congestive heart failure by Commission E, a scientific advisory board in Germany. The fruit, leaves, and flowers of hawthorn have been used by Native Americans, Europeans, and in Chinese medicine for hundreds to thousands of years. In fact, there is more research supporting hawthorn for heart disease than for any other herb. However, you should not use hawthorn in dogs or cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This form of heart www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

disease is especially common in cats, although it can also be seen in dogs — especially Boston Terriers. In animals with DCM, hawthorn has a strong antioxidant effect and increases blood circulation to the heart. It increases the force of contraction in the heart muscle and decreases certain types of abnormal rhythms. It can take four to eight weeks to see hawthorn’s full effects, so don’t give up on it too early.

Did you know? Some of the effects hawthorn provides are helpful for DCM but not HCM; it can even make HCM worse.

Summary of heart supplements Always useful Vitamin C Vitamin E Taurine L-Carnitine

Interestingly, hawthorn acts the same way as the drug pimobendan. Research shows that pimobendan delays the onset of DCM’s clinical signs, and results in a longer lifespan in dogs with heart disease. Similar research shows that hawthorn has the same effects in humans. However, hawthorn can interfere with pimobendan, or increase its side effects. So don’t start your animal on hawthorn if he’s already on pimobendan.

Did you know? Hawthorn can also interact with digoxin and interfere with its effects. If you’re taking your dog to a veterinary cardiologist, let them know if your dog is already on hawthorn, so they can adjust the dose of medications they prescribe.

Your dog or cat’s heart health is crucial to her overall wellbeing, so it’s important to pay attention to her potential risk factors, and take steps to support her heart throughout life. Be sure to work with a holistic or integrative veterinarian who can help you decide which of the supplements outlined in this article your best friend should be taking, and what the best dose would be for her individual requirements.

CoQ10 Omega 3 fatty acids

May help Dandelion

Use with care Hawthorn

Heartworm — prevention is the best approach Heartworm infection can cause inflammation and damage to the heart. If there are enough of the parasites, they can block the volume of blood going in and out of the heart. If the heart valves are damaged, the animal can develop congestive heart failure. While natural therapies will help support a damaged heart, conventional treatment is usually needed to get rid of heartworms. This means prevention is the best way to go — check with your veterinarian or local health authority to find out what the prevalence is of heartworm in your area, and discuss preventive options with your vet.

Animal Wellness

ADVER TORIAL

5 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS DOGS NEED TO THRIVE A proper balance of essential nutrients will ensure your pooch receives the right fuel for their daily activities in the short term, and their overall health, happiness, and longevity in the long term.

THE BASICS 1. WATER OF A BALANCED DOG DIET

Water is an essential nutrient for pets (obviously). Ensure that fresh, clean water is always available to keep your dog hydrated. That being said, it is recommended that water be removed when your dog is eating, and made available again one hour after they finish their meal.

5. V ITAMINS & MINERALS

These micronutrients play vital roles in maintaining various bodily functions, supporting immune health, and ensuring proper growth and development.

POWER FOOD FOR POOCHES

How do you ensure you’re choosing a dog food that covers all the above? Earth Animal’s Wisdom™ air-dried dog food makes it easy. Their veterinaryformulated recipes offer everything your dog needs to thrive, in a complete, balanced dog diet that is: •

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by Dr. Bob Goldstein, VMD

Just like us, dogs require a well-balanced diet to thrive. What they eat directly impacts their growth, development, immune system, and overall well-being. What exactly is a wellbalanced diet for dogs?

2. PROTEINS

High quality animal and plant-based proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, promoting muscle growth, and supporting a healthy immune system.

3. CARBOHYDRATES

Sourced from grains, vegetables, and fruits, carbs provide energy and fiber, which are necessary for digestive health and vitality.

Some dogs will eat anything. Others are fussier than a four-year-old with a chickennuggets-only food fixation. But all dogs have one thing in common: when it comes to their diet, they rely on their humans to make the best possible food choices for them. Which is why understanding proper pet nutrition — the basics of a balanced dog diet — is important.

4. FATS

Healthy fats from sources like algae oil and flaxseed are necessary for energy, maintaining healthy skin and coat, and aiding the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

listic formula, with organic sprouted seeds, helps maintain the microbiome and gut health in dogs of all breeds, at all life stages — puppy to senior. drying process creates a soft texture with the perfect amount of moisture, locking in excellent flavor and aroma. crafted recipes combine premium protein, ancient grains, dehydrated fruits, vegetables, vitamins, and minerals. GAP-certified chicken and turkey and wild-caught seafood make it highly nutritious for dogs, especially those with sensitive stomachs.

Choose your dog’s food wisely, and fuel your furball’s health, vitality, and happiness for years to come. Dr. Bob Goldstein is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine and leads product development at Earth Animal. Dr. Bob developed the Nutritional Blood Test for veterinarians and has formulated more than 100 nutritional products (treats and pet foods), natural flea and tick products, and condition-specific remedies for dogs and cats. He is the editor of Integrating Complementary Medicine into Veterinary Practice by Wiley Blackwell, and co-author of The Goldsteins' Wellness and Longevity Program for Animals which won the Dog Writers Association of America’s Maxwell Medallion award. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

SPOTLIGHT

RESCUING DOGS & CATS FROM THE WAR IN UKRAINE IS AN INTERNATIONAL EFFORT

Photo courtesy of PETA

by Claudia Bensimoun

gs s D Cat

Animals rescued from Ukraine are given health exams to check for injury or illness.

Animal Wellness

The war in Ukraine has had a devastating impact on millions of lives, both human and animal. Here’s how animal rescue organizations are saving dogs and cats affected by the conflict and providing them with the care and help they need.

Over the past 18 months, the war in Ukraine has been headline news around the world. Millions of people have had their lives uprooted and shattered, and their companion animals have fared no better. Thousands of dogs and cats have faced desertion and life-threatening situations, and are struggling to survive in increasingly harsh circumstances. But animal rescue organizations are working to change this, saving dogs and cats from the war-torn country and transporting them to safer environments where they can receive the care they need, along with a shot at a brighter future. This article looks at the work of just two such organizations, and the difference they’re making in the lives of Ukraine’s dogs and cats.

BIG DOG RANCH RESCUE

“This has served as a haven for dogs who lost their homes and human companions to the conflict,” says Lauree. BDRR additionally enlisted the aid of Ukrainian refugees, those left homeless by the conflict, giving them a chance to find purpose amid the turmoil by staffing the shelter and caring for the dogs.

“It wasn’t a small feat but an international endeavor that crossed borders and united hearts.”

Photo courtesy of BDRR

Since 2008, Big Dog Ranch Rescue (BDRR, bdrr.org) has been a beacon of hope for countless dogs in perilous predicaments, including natural disasters and other life-threatening situations. Saving dogs from the war in

Ukraine has been an unprecedented challenge, but BDRR has met it head-on. "Nothing quite compares to our venture into the war-torn terrain of Ukraine, a mission we had not anticipated but could not turn away from," says BDRR founder and CEO, Lauree Simmons. Luckily, they’ve had help from numerous other quarters in their efforts to rescue as many dogs as possible from Ukraine. For example, the city of Poznan in Poland extended a helping hand by donating the use of a vacant dog shelter for nine months.

The team from Big Dog Rescue Ranch with some of the Ukrainian dogs they saved.

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BDRR took further steps to help shelters deal with the arrival of large numbers of animals. For example, Lauree visited an overcrowded Romanian shelter that was grappling with a staggering influx of dogs and cats abandoned because of the war. She walked the staff through the maze of challenges they faced, helping them to formulate and execute the best possible policies to cope with the immense pressure they were facing. As well, nearly a dozen dogs were transported from the shelter to BDRR’s headquarters in the US, to help relieve space. While BDRR has been battle-tested by many natural disasters, the volatile dynamics found in an active war zone necessitated the development of a unique security blueprint.

Photo courtesy of BDRR

The organization also has receiving partners in Sweden, Switzerland and the UK, and has worked with many dog shelters and rescue groups in Ukraine, Poland and Romania. BDRR has sent food and supplies to these areas and worked with local groups to transport hundreds of dogs out of Ukraine via a green corridor (one of several routes agreed upon by Russia and Ukraine for the evacuation of civilians). The rescued dogs were subsequently sent to both homes and shelters across Europe.

BDRR founder Lauree Simmons bonds with a rescue dog.

“We were treading on uncharted terrain, where conventional disaster response strategies were no longer adequate," says Lauree. “We are proud to say that no individual or four-legged friend was injured during our mission. It wasn’t a small feat but an international endeavor that crossed borders and united hearts.”

NETWORK FOR ANIMALS International animal welfare organization, Network for Animals (NFA, networkforanimals.org), was one of the first on the ground to support the countryʼs innocent four-legged victims of war. "Many animals were abandoned as people fled for their lives,” explains the NFA website. “Others are street animals in urgent need of help as bombs tear up the cities and towns of Ukraine.”

Cats are also being rescued from the war-torn streets of Ukraine.

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Photo courtesy of Network for Animals

Photo courtesy of PETA

Together with their partners in both Ukraine and Poland, NFA has been working around the clock to feed, treat and evacuate thousands of dogs and cats who would have otherwise been killed in the war zones. Chief among these partners is DIOZ, an animal rescue service and shelter based in Jelenia Góra, Poland. This organization has sent convoys into the most dangerous areas to feed and rescue needy animals, conducting 621-mile round trips to evacuate animals from Ukraine and transport them back to their shelter. Because DIOZ’s existing animal ambulance was old and unreliable, NFA bought them a new one and provided funds for fuel for their critical feeding and rescue missions.

Network for Animals works with partners in Ukraine and Poland to help animals affected by the war.

BONI’S STORY Among the many stories of animals rescued from Ukraine is one involving Boni, a tiny puppy who would surely have perished if she hadn’t been saved in the nick of time. When she was handed over to a team from PETA at the Ukrainian-Hungarian border, her hind legs were paralyzed because she’d been bitten by a large dog. Boni was taken to the vet where she was carefully examined and fortunately found to have no broken bones. However, she did have neurological problems, but as soon as treatment began, she started making daily progress. After months of required quarantine and treatments, Boni found a temporary home at an animal shelter in Germany, where she continues to receive veterinary treatments and plenty of loving care. Her team of caregivers are confident that Boni will be able to regain full use of her hind legs, and find a loving forever home. Photo courtesy of PETA

Another organization NFA has been supporting and working with is the Animal Guardians Program, a project that aims to provide food and veterinary care for thousands of street animals in and around the regions of Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, and Dnipro in Ukraine. The good-hearted “guardians” are pensioners, the disabled, and the poor. They emerge from shelter when there is a lull in the fighting to help animals, often taking numerous cats and dogs into their own homes to care for them. NFA supports the AGP by covering the cost of pet food, medicine, sterilizations, emergency veterinary treatments, and fuel to transport animals to and from clinics.

"Many animals were abandoned as people fled for their lives.”

We don’t often hear about it on the news, but animal rescue and welfare organizations like BDRR, NFA, PETA and more have been working tirelessly to save dogs and cats from the bombed streets of Ukraine. Teams of courageous volunteers from these organizations brave dangerous conditions so that frightened, abandoned and needy animals can have another chance at life, someplace where they’ll be safe, loved and cared for.

Photo courtesy of PETA

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FELINE NUTRITION

The best diet for preventing obesity in cats by Jean Hofve, DVM

Diet plays a huge role in the health and longevity of your cat. Feeding her the way nature intended helps prevent obesity and other health problems.

Cats are not small dogs. This is especially true when it comes to feeding them. This article looks at the type of diet cats have evolved to eat, feeding problems that lead to obesity and other issues, and how to help keep your cat lean and healthy throughout her life.

BUILD A BETTER MOUSE? Feeding cats a diet that’s as close as possible to what they evolved to eat (see sidebar on page 41) is just common sense. But science doesn’t rely on common sense, so someone had to do a study about it. At last, the dietary composition preferred by cats has been discovered! It turns out that cats choose foods that most closely mimic their natural prey: about 55% protein, 40% fat, and 5% carbohydrate on a dry matter basis. This is approximately the same composition as a can of kitten food, or a well-formulated homemade or raw diet. It is also closely in line with the diet of feral cats.

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Nevertheless, despite our best efforts, there is no way we can actually recreate a mouse, because one very crucial part is missing: blood. Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are high in protein, iron, and lipids. Plasma is mostly water, but the solid portion contains proteins such as albumin, globulins, and clotting factors; amino acids like taurine and lysine; and 1% mineral salts, sugars, fats, hormones, and vitamins.

l enrichment, Environmenta ced lay, and redu interactive p l ric intake wil overall calo d s mentally an help keep cat . physically fit

When a cat kills a mouse, she eats the whole thing, including the blood. When an animal is slaughtered for consumption, the first thing that happens is that the blood is drained out of the carcass. The blood is retained, dried, and used for various purposes, such as fertilizer or feed for fish, poultry, and cattle. But by then, it has lost its energetic life force, and is no more than a protein supplement. There is just no way to recapture that lost vitality.

“CHONKY CATS” — NOT CUTE, NOT FUNNY “Chonky” cats have become quite popular on social media. The latest estimate is that 60% of adult cats are overweight or obese. This can lead to many serious conditions such as arthritis, chronic vomiting and/ or diarrhea, allergies, diabetes, skin disease, feline lower urinary tract signs (LUTS), hepatic lipidosis, cancer, and immune system, heart, liver and kidney issues. Preventing obesity is much easier than treating it. Several factors combine to thwart our goals for healthy cats: Decreased metabolic need after neutering It’s estimated that neutered adults need 25% to 30% fewer calories than intact cats. Those hormones preserve lean muscle and keep activity high. Add to this a less-than-stimulating environment, and there’s the recipe for a fat cat! Environmental enrichment, interactive play, and reduced overall caloric intake (starting as early in life as possible) will help keep cats mentally and physically fit.

Dietary adaptations Let’s review some of the ways cats have evolved to consume their natural diet of prey animals: ● T heir teeth are adapted to puncturing and shearing, not chewing. ● F eline jaws cannot move side to side. ● T heir barbed tongues help rasp every last bit of meat from bones. ● C ats have specific requirements for taurine, arginine, methionine, cysteine, arachidonic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, niacin, and vitamin B6. ● T hey can’t convert alpha-linoleic acid into DHA and EPA. ● C ats preferentially use protein and fat for energy. ● T heir protein requirement is two to three times higher than that of dogs. ● C ats depend on protein for energy as well as for structural and functional purposes. ● C ats cannot up-regulate carbohydrate utilization, even when dietary carbs are plentiful. ● T hey continue to use amino acids for gluconeogenesis (the formation of glucose from non-carb sources), regardless of diet.

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Excess carbohydrates Most commercial dry cat foods are 30% to 50% carbohydrate. Cats have zero physiologic need for carbs. Dietary carbohydrate that is not stored as muscle glycogen or used for immediate energy needs is stored as fat. High-fiber weight loss diets increase dehydration and reduce protein digestibility. The loss of lean body mass and reduced basal metabolic rate that occurs with weight loss make it more likely the cat will stop losing weight — or even regain it — even on the same reducedcalorie food. Constant food availability Cats are not — and should not be — grazing animals. Too many people not only feed poor quality dry food, but leave it out around the clock, every day. A hunting cat will kill eight or nine mice in a 24-hour period, so multiple small meals makes some sense. But cats who are allowed constant access to dry food eat 15 to 20 times per day, and gain weight as a result.

KEEPING CATS LEAN AND HEALTHY Feed your cat a high-protein, highmoisture, very low-carbohydrate food. Cats eating such a diet — which is similar in composition to prey — are less liable to gain excess weight. If they need to lose weight, this diet helps them retain lean body mass. Feed your cat in timed meals; if possible, feed more frequent small meals. Food should be provided for 30 to 60 minutes at a time, and removed at all other times. Most people can accommodate a three-meal-a-day schedule for their cats: morning, after school or work, and before bed. A good interactive play session followed by the evening meal also helps cats who tend to get the 4am zoomies or want breakfast at the crack of dawn to sleep through the night.

ods that most Cats choose fo : r natural prey ei th ic im m y l se clo in, 40% fat, and about 55% prote te. 5% carbohydra

Educating yourself about the type of diet cats have evolved to eat, and providing high-protein, low-carb foods to your feline friend will help her lose weight if she needs to. Even if she isn’t overweight, this type of diet will help keep her lean and healthy.

Animal Wellness

ADVERTORIAL

HARNESSING THE POWER OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS FOR DOGS & CATS The use of medicinal mushrooms in veterinary medicine is on the rise. Sure, it’s a natural kind of magic, but their use also has significant scientific backing, supported by years of historical research, rather than just a blind belief in the power of mushrooms to heal.

ONCE UPON A TIME… History tells us that medicinal mushrooms have been used for their health benefits for thousands of years: •

In ancient times, they were revered as longevity tonics and thus cherished by the ruling emperors.

•

In Chinese and other Eastern medical systems, mushrooms like Reishi, Cordyceps, and Turkey tail have been used for millennia.

Fast forward to today and our increased use of these earthy ingredients in modern-day potions — like ThorneVet’s Mushroom Medley and ThorneVet’s Immugen (immune support formula) for example — and it becomes clear that the therapeutic benefits of medicinal mushrooms have stood the test of time.

MODERN DAY MUSHROOM USE Modern science doesn’t just accept historical anecdotes, though: it has long been working to unravel the mysteries of medicinal mushrooms. In the process, scientists and medical professionals have confirmed the powerful healing potential of fungi, including their ability to: •

Support immune function

•

Promote vitality

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Treat allergies

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Provide symptom relief for gastrointestinal, respiratory, and auto immune disease

•

Play a key role in cancer care: used as a complementary therapy, mushrooms can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation, while enhancing quality of life.

IMPORTANCE OF SOURCING, HARVESTING & PRODUCTION

It is also important that any medicinal mushroom product you use for your dog or cat goes through the process of hot water extraction in order to activate the mushrooms’ healing compounds in their most absorbable and beneficial forms. ThorneVet’s Mushroom Medley, used to treat a variety of immune system challenges, has been carefully formulated by vets, uses rigorously researched organic ingredients, and is scrupulously tested to ensure it meets all the above criteria. As animal parents, we are constantly on the lookout for ways to improve the health, happiness, and longevity of our dogs and cats. (If we could get them to live forever, we would!) Increasingly, this means turning to natural, holistic healing options, with medicinal mushrooms emerging as a real star. With their rich history and growing scientific validation, and in the right formulas from the right suppliers, medicinal mushrooms offer a safe and effective means of supporting the well-being of our furry favorites.

But buyer beware: not all mushroom product are created equal! Sourcing medicinal mushrooms from trusted suppliers who prioritize the harvest of fruiting bodies — rather than the mycelium — is important to ensuring the highest quality, potency, and efficacy of the relevant healing compounds within. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

AT THE VET

D gs Cats

TAKING YOUR DOG OR CAT TO AN INTEGRATIVE VET — how to get the most out of your appointment by Anna McClain

Veterinary visits are a necessary part of being a dog or cat parent. Here are some tips to help you prepare for an appointment with an integrative veterinarian, so you can get the most out of it.

If you’re among the growing number of dog and cat parents seeking alternative therapies for your four-legged companion, you may be considering taking him to an integrative veterinarian. But how does integrative medicine differ from conventional medicine, and what’s the best way to prepare for your appointment? The following tips and tricks will help you plan your dog or cat’s vet visit so you can get the most out of it.

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WHAT IS INTEGRATIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE? Integrative medicine incorporates both traditional and holistic approaches, and focuses on overall well-being, lifestyle, nutrition, and behavior when it comes to forming treatment plans for a health issue. Integrative vets combine conventional medical techniques, such as medication and surgery, with holistic remedies (e.g. acupuncture, chiropractic care, homeopathy, and physical rehabilitation) to create the best treatment regimen for their canine and feline patients. In other words, integrative medicine encompasses all the treatment options necessary to help your dog or cat feel better.

BEFORE YOUR VISIT If this is your first time visiting an integrative veterinarian, write down any questions you have before your dog or cat’s appointment. By compiling a list of questions as you think of them, you won’t end up forgetting something you wanted to ask on the day of your appointment. Keep in mind that no question is ever too silly, whether you’re inquiring about diagnostic testing, how a particular therapy works, treatment costs, etc.

What to Bring to the Appointment •

Previous medical records (especially if you are inquiring about treatment for an illness/ailment)

•

List of questions you want to ask the vet

•

Any written observations you’ve made about

Also be sure to keep track of any concerning clinical symptoms in your dog or cat (e.g. vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, skin problems, mobility issues), along with descriptive information (e.g. the color and texture of his feces, or how many times a day he goes). Consider keeping a journal about your animal’s health, which you can bring along to your appointment. The veterinarian will find this information very helpful when it comes to determining what’s wrong with your companion and how to treat it. To help your dog or cat feel more at ease when going to the vet, take her to the office for a couple of short visits before the day of your appointment, bringing along a few treats and toys and introducing her to the staff. By helping her associate vet visits with something enjoyable, you can help ease her anxiety and fear.

your dog or cat’s health •

Any pictures or videos relating to purpose of visit — videos are especially helpful for detecting mobility or neurological issues

•

Fecal or urine sample, if requested by the vet — make sure it’s a fresh sample taken within the last four to six hours

•

Current medications or supplements (or pictures of them)

•

Treats and toys to help your dog or cat relax.

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After your initial conversation about your animal’s health, your veterinarian will discuss any diagnostic tests that might be needed, and work with you to formulate a treatment plan. Maintaining steady communication with your vet through each step of the process is crucial.

ON THE DAY OF THE VISIT On the morning of your dog or cat’s appointment, sit down and talk gently to her about what to expect. She may not understand your words, but your calmness and reassuring tone will help her relax. If you’ve been requested ahead of time to restrict food or water, make sure you’ve followed these instructions fully. Bring along all relevant paperwork, as well as any other necessary items — see sidebar on page 45. Play soothing music on the way to the clinic and try to maintain a calm demeanor around your animal.

DURING THE VISIT When meeting your integrative vet for the first time, he or she will likely begin by having a detailed conversation with you about your dog or cat’s well-being and the treatment options available (conventional and holistic). This is when you can ask your questions, share your observations about your animal’s health, and voice any concerns you might have. It is essential that you feel relaxed and comfortable around your veterinarian when going over this information. A healthy vetclient relationship is vital when planning therapy for your dog or cat, so if you feel belittled about asking questions, or pressured into a certain treatment plan, this is not the right doctor for you and you should look elsewhere for guidance. Rest assured that if you do not like how a vet interacts with you or your animal, you do not have to continue going to this hospital for treatment. There’s a growing number of amazing integrative vet services available in the US and Canada, and finding the right one is the most important thing you can do for your four-legged friend.

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AFTER THE VISIT After your first appointment with your integrative vet is over, you’ll pay at the front desk and likely schedule future appointments, and/or go over medications or supplements. Your veterinarian may also offer an email address so you can ask more questions or contact the clinic about further concerns during the course of your animal’s treatment regimen. Last but not least, take your dog or cat home to rest and relax after the appointment, and give her some extra treats (if she’s allowed to eat right away) along with plenty of praise and petting!

Questions to Ask Your Veterinarian 1. What kind of diet would you recommend for my dog/cat?

2. What are your thoughts on vaccination? 3. What treatments do you recommend for my animal? Can you tell me more about each modality?

4. Can we talk more about supplements? 5. If we are considering holistic care (e.g. acupuncture, chiropractic), how would we plan these appointments in the future?

6. Can you recommend a reputable website, article, or book to learn more about my dog or cat’s illness or ailment?

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Animal ingredients provide at least 90% of the protein.

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Free, quick, and easy online quiz helps you find out if your dog has separation anxiety.

Set your dog free from separation anxiety Separation anxiety affects up to 17% of dogs in the US alone, and that percentage is probably increasing as more people return to the office post-pandemic. But there’s a simple, science-backed solution. Speak to your vet about Reconcile® (fluoxetine hydrochloride) — an FDAapproved medication for treating separation anxiety in conjunction with behavior modification training.

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Raw cat food – pure and simple Cats thrive on meat diets, and the better the food, the better their health and well-being! RAWZ wet food for cats provides your feline friend with the quality meat and healthy hydration she needs. They always put meat first for a complete meal that’s all natural, high in meat, minimally processed, and free of meal, gum and fillers. Available in a range of delicious flavors.

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What we love:

Nutritious, sustainable and tasty!

Perfect as a mixer, topper or treat, and packed in one of the industry’s first recyclable bags.

Premium nutrition, sustainable sourcing, and high palatability are now available in a scoop-and-serve format. Earth Animal’s Wisdom™ Air-Dried dog food uses proprietary air-drying technology to ensure the highest nutrient retention and delicious flavor. It includes combinations of sustainably-sourced meat, organs, seafood, ancient grains, sprouted seeds, fruits, and vegetables for a complete and balanced diet.

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Get his GI tract back on track Digestive upsets are common in dogs and cats, but there’s a way to give your furry friend ongoing relief. ThorneVet’s Gastriplex Gut Health Formula supports the health of the whole GI tract in animals that suffer from digestive woes, be it from food intolerance, indiscreet eating, antibiotic use, or stress. Available as a tasty chew or in powdered form for pickier animals.

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What we love: All their supplements have been formulated by veterinarians and scientists.

New book celebrates decline of greyhound racing Greyhound racing is a cruel sport that subjects dogs to unthinkable suffering. Brooklyn Goes Home is the true story of how one greyhound sparked a movement to close the worst dog track in the world, becoming a symbol of the fight to end greyhound racing in the US and around the globe. Written by GREY2K founders, Christine Dorchak and Carey Theil, with a foreword by Dr. Jane Goodall.

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Also includes an account of how the authors have helped save 50,000 greyhounds to date.

What we love: The textured surface also promotes dental health.

Elevate mealtime for your dog Is your dog stressed? Does he eat too fast? Introducing the Tarvos Dog Lick Mat — a revolutionary solution to these and other issues! Crafted with premium, food-grade silicone, it encourages slow feeding, thereby reducing bloating and aiding digestion. The interactive licking also engages your dog’s mind and helps ease stress and separation anxiety.

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s g o d n i y t i s e b o g n i l k Tac e l p m i s h t i w and cats — es to try p i c e r l a c low AUSA

R, HONORIS C

EBE BY DR. SUZI B

D gs Cats Obesity in dogs and cats has reached an all-time high. The Association for Pet Obesity Prevention states that more than 50% of our dogs are overweight. Meanwhile, 25% of cats in the Western world are overweight, according to the United States National Research Council. Let’s look at the signs of obesity in dogs and cats, and why it’s so bad for their health. We’ll also discuss the best approach to this common problem, and present some easy and healthy low-calorie recipes that can help your best friend shed some weight.

WHY IS OBESITY SO BAD? Obesity causes many of the same problems in our animals as it does in us. According to Dr. John Rush, Professor of Clinical Sciences at Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, overweight dogs often have extra fat deposits on their chest

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for your esity is so bad Find out why ob eight by help her lose w dog or cat, and cluding cise and diet, in addressing exer cipes. re ie low-calor some nutritious

walls or inside their chest cavities, placing an additional burden on their cardiovascular and respiratory systems. One of the most common problems caused or aggravated by obesity is arthritis. An overweight animal can also experience orthopedic problems, from herniated discs to ruptured stifle ligaments. In addition, obesity can contribute to heat intolerance, skin problems, and even surgical complications leading to longer recovery times. Overweight cats are at particular risk for diabetes mellitus and lower urinary tract disease. Hepatic lipidosis, a severe form of liver failure, typically occurs in obese cats that have undergone a brief period of stress. Keep in mind: Treating feline obesity needs to be done cautiously, and always under the care of a veterinarian.

WHAT CAN YOU DO TO COUNTERACT OBESITY? Obesity in dogs and cats can be a challenging problem to treat, but there are ways to help get your companion back on track towards health and vitality.

Before any weight management program is put into place, a trip to the veterinarian is in order. Your dog or cat’s medical history should be considered, and a thorough physical examination performed, including a complete blood panel and urinalysis, to ensure that endocrine diseases such as hypothyroidism, insulin imbalance, hyperadrenocorticism, or Cushing’s disease aren’t causing her weight gain. Once these disorders have been ruled out, your vet can help you map out a safe and successful weight loss program for your dog or cat. It needs to be a plan you can stick to, because contrary to popular belief, love for our pets isn’t always about food.

Now that you really know how much and how often your dog or cat is being fed, it’s time to change her feeding routine. Everyone in the family needs to work together to achieve this.

• O nly one person should be feeding your animal. • P roviding smaller, more frequent meals is often beneficial.

• F eeding locations can also be switched up to encourage a little pre-meal exercise.

• T hrow guesswork out the window; all food should be measured, and the best way to do this is by weighing your dog or cat’s daily ration, including treats.

• Consider using fresh fruit or vegetables for treats, rather than biscuits. For dogs, slices of fresh apple, and pieces of carrots or zucchini are great alternatives. Even many finicky cats enjoy the taste of fresh melon; however, it’s important to keep in mind that a cat’s digestive system is designed for absorbing nutrients from animal proteins and fats. If you do give your animal biscuits, break them into tiny pieces; whether the treat is big or small, she’ll love you just the same.

Keep in mind: Free feeding is a major contributing factor to animal obesity, so you can’t give in to those soulful eyes and humming purrs!

DIET AND EXERCISE — TWO CRITICAL PATHS When tackling obesity and returning your dog or cat to fitness, there are two main paths to follow — diet and exercise.

Diet

It’s important to feed your best friend a diet that’s lower in calories, but remember that nutrient balance remains essential. Try keeping a food journal, even for just one week. If more than one person in your household feeds or treats your dog or cat, leave the journal in an accessible place and ask everyone to write down the dates and times when they feed your animal. The results may surprise you. You might find that Fido and Fluffy are eating much more than you thought! All food contains calories, but not all foods are converted equally to fat. Fewer calories convert to fat when an animal’s metabolic rate increases, so supplementing a dog or cat’s diet with Omega-3 fatty acids, such as wild salmon oil, helps her burn more energy.

Keep in mind: Other foods that increase metabolism include vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and fruits.

Working with your veterinarian, and perhaps an animal nutritionist, can help you put well-defined and regularlymonitored dietary goals in place.

Exercise

Make a daily activity date with your dog or cat. Going for walks, or participating in other activities like swimming, can help dogs become healthier and happier. Dr. Howard Erickson, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at Kansas State University’s School of Veterinary Medicine, says even a simple game of ball in the backyard will provide sufficient aerobic exercise for your dog. If you have a cat, gently encourage him to be more active. Catnip mice are always popular, and a foil ball makes a great little hockey puck for your feline friend. Keep in mind: Feather toys that mimic the motion of a real bird in flight are also a hit with most cats.

Your cat isn’t going to go jogging with you, but you can coax him off the couch or windowsill for some daily interactive play. There is no magic pill to help your dog or cat lose weight, but with the guidance of your veterinarian, you can successfully navigate the journey from pudgy to perfect.

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Recipes to help with weight loss

These recipes are not only nutritious and delicious — they’re also made from low-cal foods that can help your dog or cat shed some extra pounds! Try to use organic ingredients whenever possible.

UP LET’S MASH IT or cooked and used as a be prepared raw out reducing This recipe can veterinarian ab ur yo k as so al n the mash. treat. You ca replacing it with d an tle lit a le your dog’s kibb

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Instructions

s in a food l the ingredient Simply whirl al

processor.

Cooked Mas Ingredients

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Instructions

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s for Trade Cookie Ingredients

• 1 bunch kale tra first pressed/ex • 1 tablespoon virgin olive oil

Krisps a salt • 1 teaspoon se hemp hearts • 1 tablespoon (optional)

Remove kale rchment paper. pa ith w t ee sh ie te-sized 350°F. Line cook e leaves into bi th ar te or t cu Preheat oven to then inner ick outer stems, em in a salad sp th th e y th dr om en fr th , es er leav tered wat -sized pieces of e leaves with fil Spread the bite . el w to pieces. Wash th a te or sea salt a paper towel d sprinkle with an l, oi e iv ol or pat them with ith w ges of the ie sheet. Drizzle utes, until the ed in m 15 to n te kale on the cook The ake for oven and cool. ts, if desired. B risps” from the “k and hemp hear e th ner; e ai ov nt co em en ing golden. R s”. Store in an op sp ri “k leaves are turn us a io r lic fo oven n enjoy these de in a pre-heated ck ba em whole family ca th p y po r crunch, simpl if they lose thei few minutes.

Instructions

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• 1 teaspoon Saigon cinnamon powder • 1 cup apple sauce or 1 cup pureéd banana

Instructions

• ¼ cup unpasteurized local honey • 4 whole eggs • 1 cup dried fruit (e.g. cranberries, blueberries)

Preheat oven to 350°F. Combine all ingredients in a large bowl. Spoon batter into a greased baking pan or Pyrex baking dish and bake for 45 minutes. Check for “doneness” by inserting a toothpick in the middle of the baking pan — the toothpick should come out clean. Remove pan from the oven and score the treats into squares. Cool completely before storing in an airtight container or Ziploc bag. This is a very easy recipe to double, and the bars freeze well.

A visual and hands-on examination is the easiest way to determine if your animal is overweight or obese. Charts like the one shown below are a good guide to go by. A healthy dog will have a waist when viewed from above, and a tucked stomach when viewed from the side. It should be easy to feel his ribs through a thin layer of flesh. If your dog doesn’t meet one of these three criteria, he may be overweight; if he fails to meet more than one, and you can see fatty deposits over his chest, spine, and the base of his tail, then he’s obese. It’s even easier to determine if your cat is overweight. If he looks fat, then he is. You should not see fat deposits on his back, face, or limbs, and his abdomen should not be rounded. Animals that weigh 10% to 20% more than their ideal body weight, for their size and breed, are considered obese.

OBESE

• 1 tablespoon carob powder

OVERWEIGHT

• 2 cups oatmeal

• ¼ cup cold pressed safflower oil or first pressed olive oil

IDEAL

• 4 cups whole oats

How do you know if your animal is overweight?

UNDERWEIGHT

Ingredients

VERY THIN

Breakfast of Champions Bars

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EATING WELL

Fats and oils aren’t bad for dogs. In fact, some can be exceptionally good for them. Take a look at six healthy fats and oils that can enhance your dog’s well-being.

Health y fa gs ts for do

Contrary to popular belief, fat is not bad for your dog. We’ve all been fed a lot of false information on the subject of fats in the diet, and old research has been debunked. Fats are actually a healthy and important ingredient in both our dogs’ diets, and our own. That said, there are many different kinds of fats and oils so it’s important to learn what’s healthiest. We’ll look in detail at six healthy fats for dogs.

1. OLIVE OIL I particularly like cold-pressed extravirgin olive oil for cooking. Many commonly-used oils break down at high heat, and that can affect digestibility. Olive oil does not, making it the preferred oil to use when cooking for your dog. Rich in antioxidants, especially vitamin E, as well as phytonutrients, olive oil is best stored in the refrigerator to keep it from being degraded by heat and light. It tends to harden during refrigeration, but will liquefy when allowed to warm up to room temperature.

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BY DEVA KHALSA, VMD

The monounsaturated fats in olive oil actually encourage unwanted pounds to vacate the premises by breaking down the fat inside fat cells.

Fast fact:

Certain compounds in olive oil are believed to be effective in preventing cancer.

The amount of any fat or oil you give your dog depends on his size. A teaspoon of olive oil a day is an average serving for a medium-sized dog (30-40 pounds).

2. COCONUT OIL This popular oil has many health benefits — for the skin, immune and digestive systems, and even for bone and brain health. Coconut oil is my favorite for keeping coats gleaming, soft and fresh. It decreases “doggy” odor; even those with a musty scent begin to smell sweet.

Coconut oil is also great to cook with. Coconuts are classified as a “functional food”, and their oil provides many benefits beyond its super-healthy nutritional content. The secret to its healing power is its medium-chain fatty acids, which contain special health-giving properties. The fats in coconut oil are similar to those in mother’s milk, and they have similar healing attributes. Aside from human breast milk, coconut oil is nature’s most abundant source of lauric acid, which has been used to kill viruses, bacteria and yeast as well as prevent tooth decay. It also supports thyroid function and enhances metabolism. Both olive and coconut oils are healthy for your dog’s insides, and the great thing is that it will show on the outside.

Fast fact:

A well-oiled dog will have soft skin and a coat that shines.

Dogs love coconut oil as a condiment on their food. I recommend using an organic product. A half to one teaspoon daily for a medium-sized dog (30-40 pounds) is an average portion.

PASTURED/GRASS. FED/YELLOW BUTTER

One fat no one seems to mention much is butter. Decadesold research stating that butter is bad for us has been totally debunked. In fact, butter is super-duper healthy — that is, pastured, grass-fed or “yellow” butter is super-duper healthy. Yellow, grass-fed butter has a totally different effect on health than the pale anemic butter we most commonly purchase, and is the only kind I recommend. Kerry Gold Butter from Ireland is a yellow butter made from grass-fed cows. Cows that eat grass and flowers store in their fat a yellow pigment called beta carotene, which also gets carried over into the milk. This butter is rich in the most easily absorbable form of vitamin A, in addition to being an excellent source of vitamins E, K and D. Yellow butter is also a rich source of cancer-preventing selenium, along with iodine, zinc, copper, manganese and chromium. It contains lauric

acid (also found in coconut and mother’s milk), which protects against yeast and fungal infections. In addition, yellow butter contains a compound called Activator X, which helps the body absorb minerals. This makes it great for dental health. Grassfed butter is also good for thyroid, gut and bone health. Butyric acid, a short-chain saturated fat found in butter, appears to have very promising results on general inflammation, cancer and digestion, according to studies.

Fast fact:

Ghee made from yellow butter is another healthy alternative.

Dogs absolutely love butter. You can coat their veggies with it, make an omelet with it, or just give them butter pats for treats. I always use a yellow butter pat to give my dogs any supplement in pill form — it molds around the pill and they love the taste.

4. AVOCADO OIL Almost 70% of avocado oil consists of oleic acid, a monounsaturated Omega-9 fatty acid which is also the main component of olive oil. Extracts from avocado oil have been found to reduce the pain and stiffness caused by osteoarthritis — particularly of the knee — and are also effective against gum disease. Avocado has unique benefits, as its antioxidants are able to penetrate down to the mitochondria and actually improve the function of the cells. Mitochondrial function is a very important keystone for health.

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FAT FROM 5. RAW MEAT AND POULTRY These fats contain vitamin D, another very important component of your dog’s diet. We humans can create vitamin D in our bodies when sunlight reaches our skin, but dogs will only get it from their diets. Studies have shown that 75% of all animals fed a commercial poor quality diet are D3 deficient. This doesn’t say much for the form of vitamin D added to these highly heated and compressed commercial pet foods (cooking animal fat destroys the natural D content).

Editor’s note Fish oils — quality is key Oils derived from cold water fish are a rich source of the Omega-3 fatty acids DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and can help support joint and cognitive health along with improving skin and coat condition. Examples of cold water fish used for making Omega-3 supplements include wild salmon, mackerel, anchovies and sardines. When buying a fish oil for your dog or yourself, it’s vital that you buy high quality supplements and avoid cheap commercial products that could contain contaminants and additives. Do your homework and choose a reputable company that uses solid quality control protocols.

Fast fact:

Dogs fed a raw diet with raw fat are able to get their vitamin D from the fat. In fact, dogs need more fat in their diets than we do because we can create our own D3 from sunlight exposure.

6. RAW EGG YOLKS Raw egg yolks from free-range pastured hens have twice the concentration of Omega-3s as regular eggs, thereby increasing the anti-inflammatory effect dogs can get from the yolks. Raw egg yolks also provide healthy vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, vitamin B12, iron and selenium, making them a nutritious food for dogs. It’s easy to give your dog a range of fats rather than sticking to one source alone. Each of the above fats has its own benefits, will work to improve your dog’s health, and add extra flavor to his meals.

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Dog treat recipe made with healthy fat 1 r aw egg yolk 1 t ablespoon melted organic

coconut oil 1 t ablespoon room temperature yellow butter Beat all ingredients together. Feed one-third of this mixture once a day with your dog’s meal. Refrigerate, covered, for no more than three days.

IN THE NEWS

PUREBRED CATS MAY BE MORE PRONE TO DISEASE THAN MIXED BREEDS

re mixed breed cats generally healthier than purebreds? It’s a question that’s been asked more than once, and the results of recent research suggests the answer may be yes. A paper published in the journal VetRecord explored the health risks faced by cats, and uncovered notable variations in the disease rates between purebred and mixed-breed kitties. Morris Animal Foundation-funded researchers at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, examined data from Agria Pet Insurance Company, a pet insurance provider in Sweden. The data encompassed information from insurance policies and claims, as well as breed, age and sex data for about 550,000 cats. The study revealed that purebred cats were more likely to develop health problems over a range of disease categories. The categories for which purebreds showed the highest relative risk include:

• Female reproductive issues • Heart disease • Complications from surgery • Lower respiratory infections • Immunological diseases

“The…findings provide important insight for cat owners, veterinarians, breeders and researchers, offering a comparative look at disease patterns in purebred cats versus mixed-breed cats,” says Dr. Barr Hadar, one of the paper’s authors and a researcher involved in the study. “Information on feline disease frequency and risk is a valuable tool that can help guide clinical decision-making, assist in monitoring and planning of breeding programs, educate cat owners and prioritize research.” Conversely, the study also found that domestic crossbred cats were more likely to develop endocrine, skin and mobility issues than purebreds.

because they’re outside jumping and running around,” Dr. Barr suggests. He adds that other studies also showed that certain purebred cats are at lower risk of hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus — the two main causes of endocrine disease in felines. The research team is currently analyzing the insurance dataset to develop predictive models, with the aim of implementing them in a clinical setting to forecast the likelihood of specific diseases in cats. morrisanimalfoundation.org

“One of the potential explanations for this finding is that domestic cats might have greater access to the outdoors, leading to more injuries, skin and locomotive issues

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YOUR NEW DOG

Adopting a new dog? Follow these 10 Steps

to success BY ANDREA GRONWALD

Whether you’re a first-time dog parent, or are adopting your second, third (or tenth!) dog, following these ten steps will help ensure success — and a happy, healthy companion!

Congratulations on your new dog! If you’re a first-time dog parent (or even if you aren’t), you may have some questions. How much exercise does your new dog need? What should she eat? Where should she sleep? How do you go about training her? Below are ten steps to establishing a trusting, loving and healthy relationship with your new fourlegged friend.

SET UP A DOGFRIENDLY HOME

Safety first Just as you would child-proof your home for small kids, you may need to make some adjustments for your new dog’s safety. Doors and gates need to be secured and fences high enough to prevent him from venturing out on his own. Use baby gates or exercise pens to prevent access to any unsafe areas, such as your pool or toxic plants. Store unsafe items out of reach, including household cleaners, medications, and foods that are harmful to dogs.

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A quiet place We all need a break sometimes, including our dogs. Designate a safe spot where your dog can retreat. It may be her bed, crate, or any place in the house she likes spending time in. A safe spot is especially important if you live in a busy household or have frequent visitors. When your dog rests in this location, no one should bother her.

TIP: Dogs’ ears and noses are much more sensitive than ours. Blasting music or strong fragrances from scented candles or air fresheners may be offensive and even harmful to them.

Special accommodations Kudos to you if you’ve adopted an older, disabled, or injured dog. Just remember to make a few special accommodations to help him get around. Rugs and mats provide traction on slippery floors. Pet stairs and ramps will make it easier for him to get into the car.

PROVIDE HEALTHCARE

Veterinary visits Annual vet visits are recommended for healthy adult dogs, while puppies and seniors need more frequent checkups. Dental care is equally important. Find a holistic or integrative veterinarian you trust. Consider pet health insurance or set aside funds for future problems. Veterinary expenses may vary depending on your geographic location, but they add up quickly and are especially high for emergency cases or specialty care.

TIP: Rabies vaccines are

required by law while others are recommended depending on where you live and your dog’s lifestyle. To avoid overvaccinating, ask your veterinarian about titer tests, which measure the level of antibodies against a particular disease.

Grooming Grooming needs vary based on your dog’s breed. But all dogs’ nails need to be trimmed and their coat, ears, and eyes kept clean. Healthy dogs don’t need baths as frequently as humans do; in fact, bathing a dog more than once a month can dry out her skin. For some, just a few baths a year are sufficient.

FEED A HIGH QUALITY DIET

A high quality diet is very important to your dog’s well-being, and will go a long way towards keeping him healthy for years to come. Numerous options are available — from homeprepared raw or cooked diets to premium packaged foods. Some supplements may be needed to provide your dog with all the necessary nutrients. Consult with your veterinarian or a canine nutritionist about which diet is right for your dog, and what supplements she should take. Avoid low-end foods that contain fillers, by-products, and artificial flavors and colors.

ESTABLISH A ROUTINE

Dogs thrive on routine. A predictable schedule provides structure and a sense of safety. This is particularly helpful when you first bring your dog home. Establish a daily routine for meals, walks, training, play, and rest. If you’ve never had a dog before, you may wonder how often they need to go to the bathroom. Dogs usually need to eliminate after waking up, after excitement and play, after meals, and before bedtime. Giving your dog plenty of regular opportunities to use the bathroom outside will make potty training much easier.

TIP: A private dog training

class is best for addressing specific behavior challenges — for example, if your dog is fearful, reactive, or shows signs of aggression.

START TRAINING RIGHT AWAY

Whether you bring home a puppy or an adult dog, set rules from Day 1. First, create an environment where your dog cannot engage in unwanted behaviors that can quickly turn into habits. Then teach him what you want him to do. If you need help with training, look for a professional force-free dog trainer who uses positive reinforcement. Group classes are fun provided your pup is friendly around other dogs and people. www.AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

A group setting provides extra socialization and teaches your dog to behave around distractions.

Easy training anyone can do

Most dogs love to play. Fetch, tug, hide-and-seek, and having your dog chase you are popular games. Not only are interactive play sessions fun and provide physical exercise, they also strengthen the bond between you.

Even if you have never trained a dog before, this effective training technique is a good start. Whenever your dog does something you like, immediately praise him and reward him with a treat or something else he loves, such as a belly rub or game of fetch. Important behaviors to reward include sitting, lying down, going to bed, picking up a toy instead of your slipper, looking at you for feedback, and walking nicely on the leash. Over time, you will notice your dog offers these behaviors more often because he has learned they result in a reward.

MAKE TIME FOR EXERCISE AND PLAY

Adequate physical exercise keeps your dog healthy and can help with behavior problems. Regular walks keep your dog fit and provide mental stimulation. Other fun activities include hiking, swimming, jogging, agility, or herding. The type and level of exercise needed or recommended depend on your dog’s breed, age, and overall health. If you are not sure, consult with your veterinarian before starting an exercise regime.

TIP: Walk your dog with the leash attached to a harness rather than a collar. If she pulls, a collar can cause injuries to her neck, thyroid, and esophagus.

PROVIDE MENTAL ENRICHMENT

Mental enrichment is as important as physical exercise. Dogs that lack mental stimulation may become bored, frustrated, anxious, or depressed, which can lead to behavior problems. Social activities, new experiences, an occupation, and the opportunity to engage in normal canine behaviors build confidence, release stress, and result in greater mental health and cognitive function. Here are some mental enrichment activities you can easily incorporate into your dog’s daily routine:

• A dd variety to your walks and allow your dog to explore new areas.

• A llow social contact with other dogs, animals, and people.

• P rovide different types of toys. • H ide treats around the house or in boxes for your dog to find.

• F eed him from food dispensing toys. • Teach your dog tricks. • T ake a training or canine sports class together. 60

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SOCIALIZE YOUR DOG

Dogs are social animals so it’s important to allow your dog to meet people and other dogs. If she is reactive or shows aggression, immediately seek help from a professional dog trainer or canine behaviorist who uses positive reinforcement techniques. If our dogs had their way, they’d be with us 24/7. Leaving your dog alone at home for many hours on a regular basis can cause anxiety and loneliness. If you have to be out a lot, consider a doggie daycare, pet sitter, or dog walker. If your dog struggles when left home alone even for short periods, seek help from a professional trainer or canine behaviorist experienced in treating separation anxiety.

EXPECT CHALLENGES ALONG THE WAY

Dogs are complex living beings. Their behavior is influenced by their individual personalities, experiences, and life stages. Puppies require a lot of supervision, training, and patience. Adolescent dogs are like their human counterparts and tend to challenge and test you as they become more independent. An adult dog’s behavior is greatly affected by his past experiences, which you may not know anything about. So expect some challenges along the way. Be aware that your new dog may inhibit his behaviors at first; his true personality will show once he feels more comfortable. Teach him the behaviors you like, but also respect his individual personality and have realistic expectations.

10 EDUCATE YOURSELF One of the best things you can do for your dog is learn about canine behavior and body language. Understanding and responding appropriately to your dog’s communication signals will greatly enhance the bond between you, and lay the foundation for a happy, lifelong relationship.

Where should your dog sleep? Because dogs are social, they enjoy sleeping near their families. If you prefer not to have your dog in your bedroom at night, find a comfortable spot in the house where she can still be close to you. Her sleeping place needs to be protected from cold, drafts, moisture, and heat. There is nothing wrong with snuggling with your dog in bed if you both enjoy it. It’s a great way to bond with her. Just make sure you teach her to get off the bed when you ask her to.

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WORKING DOGS

HOW DOGS ARE HELPING PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER’S by Sandra Murphy

Alzheimer’s is a terrible disease that affects many of our seniors. In the US alone, according to the Alzheimer’s Association, more than six million people are living with this dreaded disease. Short-term memory loss, confusion, and an inability to navigate familiar surroundings are some of the signs. This progressive condition is extremely stressful for both patients and their caregivers. However, service dogs working alongside human caregivers are playing an important role in the lives of Alzheimer’s sufferers by helping improve their quality of life and doing simple tasks for them.

WHAT DO ALZHEIMER’S SERVICE DOGS DO? Provide reminders to patients Most dogs love jobs and can be trained to perform a number of chores, which makes them good candidates for helping people with memory issues. For someone in the earlier stages of the disease, an Alzheimer’s service dog can let her know when she’s left the oven on, for example. Dogs also have a keen sense of time, which is very helpful for Alzheimer’s patients who often get confused about what time it is. If dinner is at 5:30, the dog will be at his bowl at 5:30 on the dot, reminding his person that it’s time to eat. This can subsequently remind her to eat her own dinner as well. A service dog can also let his person know when it’s time to take her medications. A signal from the dog to fill his water bowl can remind her to stay hydrated too, while brushing his coat or wiping his mouth after eating is a cue for the person to also comb her hair and wash her face.

Help patients find their way

Alzheimer’s service dogs are a relatively new concept, but they can make a positive difference to the lives of people diagnosed with this devastating disease. 62

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An Alzheimer’s service dog can also help guide the patient through her environment, both indoors and out. Unlike guide dogs, which are trained to walk beside vision-impaired people to help them navigate the world, Alzheimer’s service dogs lead the way. A longer leash is used so the dog can walk in front of his person rather than directly by her side. These dogs are trained to help people find their way around if they get confused or disoriented while out on a walk. By using the command “home”, the patient prompts the dog to find their way back, even if

they’ve deviated from their usual route. In addition, a GPS collar allows a spouse or caregiver to track the pair if they’re late coming back. It can also be activated to make a sound the dog will be trained to interpret as “come home”. If there’s a problem such as serious agitation or a fall, the dog will bark for help.

Offer emotional calming and support •

Many Alzheimer’s patients can become agitated and upset, especially when they’re confused or disoriented. An Alzheimer’s service dog is trained to use behavior interruption to help their person refocus.

•

Simply petting the dog can help calm agitation.

•

Companionship plays a big role. Thoughts don’t slip away as quickly once they’ve been spoken aloud, so talking to the dog can help, even if he can’t talk back.

•

An Alzheimer’s service dog can help reduce isolation and loneliness while providing the patient with exercise, purpose, and socialization. A morning walk can become an interactive experience as other walkers stop to ask about the dog’s name or breed. Also, when the dog is the center of attention in such a situation, it can give the patient a moment to collect her thoughts before responding to any questions. Alzheimer’s can cause thought-to-speech problems, so it can be difficult for patients to respond when someone asks a question or makes a comment.

Learning that a loved one has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s is devastating. But service dogs especially trained to assist these patients with tasks, reminders and guidance can help improve their quality of life on several levels.

THE GIFT OF MEMORY The following account shows how dogs can profoundly impact the lives of those with Alzheimer’s. A woman took her husband to adult daycare so she could run some errands. When she returned to pick him up, she saw that a therapy group was visiting with their dogs. “Look, Bob,” she said. “Let’s ask if you can pet them.” “Oh, we already visited with Bob,” said one of the volunteers. “He told me what kind of dog you have, his name, and the tricks he knows. We had a nice talk.” The woman began to cry. “Our dog passed away 20 years ago,” she explained. “Alzheimer’s has taken so much of Bob, I worried there was nothing left. If he remembers our dog, I know that somewhere deep inside, he’s still there.”

A NEWER TYPE OF SERVICE DOG The concept of Alzheimer’s service dogs started in Israel and then spread to Scotland. These dogs are still relatively new to North America, mainly because the training they receive is so different from other types of assistance dogs.

It’s important to work with a trainer who is experienced in this type of work.

Alzheimer’s service dogs are trained to remind patients what to do and when to do it. Training starts at an early age, and it takes about 18 months for a dog to learn all the commands.

•

https://alzheimersnewstoday.com/social-clips/trainingservice-dogs-for-dementia-patients/

•

https://seniorsafetyadvice.com/are-there-service-dogs-foralzheimers-patients/

•

www.alzu.org/blog/2017/05/30/how-service-dogs-can-helppeople-with-alzheimers-dementia/

Due to the extensive hands-on training involved, Alzheimer’s service dogs can be expensive. Some families may opt to find a dog to train together before the patient’s disease progresses.

You can learn more from the following websites:

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FELINE HEALTH

NUTRACEUTICALS FOR CATS WHO ARE LOSING WEIGHT BY JARED MITCHELL, DVM, CVMA, CVA, CVFT

Cats that lose weight because they don’t eat for long periods are said to have cachexia, and can develop serious secondary health problems. These five nutraceuticals can help manage this complicated condition.

If your cat has stopped eating and is losing weight because of it, he has cachexia. This condition has a range of causes, and can lead to further serious health issues if left untreated. So it’s important to take your cat to the veterinarian as soon as possible to find out what might be at the root of his appetite and weight loss. This article looks at how nutraceuticals can be used to help manage cats with cachexia.

SECONDARY HEALTH PROBLEMS CAN BE SERIOUS While some animal species can go for long periods without eating, cats are not among them. Members of the feline species can go two weeks without food, but because of the cat’s metabolic pathways, many secondary problems can occur within a few days of not eating. The most common fall into an intertwining group of disease conditions known as “feline triaditis,” which includes

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pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cholangitis. Other concurrent conditions such as hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver disease), inflammatory liver disease, and vitamin deficiencies can also occur.

THE ROLE OF NUTRACEUTICALS A nutraceutical can be defined as “a food (or part of a food) that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease.” The term was coined in 1989 by Stephen DeFelice, MD, and is a combination of the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical.” In the United States alone, it is estimated that 10% to 33% of dogs and cats are fed a pet supplement or nutraceutical. The most common include joint and digestive health supplements, followed by those that aid cognition, skin and coat, and heart health.

Inflammation and oxidative stress are at the center of the processes associated with cachexia. These alter anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways, leading to muscle depletion. In human studies, it’s estimated that muscle depletion increases by 40% to 60% during cachexia. There are different forms of cachexia, and treating the specific form a cat has would be ideal, but is not always achievable. The use of nutraceuticals should therefore aim to decrease inflammation, reduce oxidative stress on the body, and help increase appetite.

5 NUTRACEUTICALS FOR FELINE CACHEXIA mega-3 fatty acids — specifically O eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) — come mainly from marine fish and fish oil, and are useful for partly restraining inflammation.

CACHEXIA VS. SARCOPENIA — WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? There’s currently no single definition of cachexia. One of the more popular working definitions states that cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with underlying illness, and characterized by muscle loss with or without loss of fat mass. In veterinary medicine, cachexia is often defined as the loss of lean body mass in an animal with a chronic disease such as congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or cancer. Sarcopenia is a very similar condition that also causes a loss of lean body mass, but it is important to differentiate the two. Cachexia involves the loss of lean body mass concurrent with a disease process. Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of lean body mass without the presence of disease, and is considered part of the aging process. As with cachexia, there is still some debate about the definition of sarcopenia.

lutamine is an amino acid that G helps reduce the diarrhea common in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation. It provides fuel for rapidly dividing cells as well as the epithelial cells of the intestines. Glutamine maintains gut barrier function and is a precursor for the antioxidant glutathione.

Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenol

compounds that are abundant in food and plants. They have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Flavonoids can scavenge free radicals, protect against other oxidants, chelate metal ions, and increase the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes. Quercetin is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and seeds, and has the potential to reduce oxidative stressinduced damage.

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M ilk thistle (Silymarin) is a very

commonly-used supplement in veterinary medicine, with a wide variety of applications. It is well known for its antioxidant properties and for being highly hepatoprotective. Antioxidants are reported to be among the main modulators of many physiological pathways, and the antioxidant/ pro-oxidant balance in the diet can affect the gastrointestinal organs, blood circulation, and tissues. Milk thistle can be a very important addition to the treatment of cachexia. robiotics are also crucial. A normal P gut microbiome plays a key role in many physiological functions in the body. When alterations take place in the microbiome, “dis-ease” can occur, leading to increased systemic inflammation, gut barrier dysfunction, muscle wasting, and more. Both prebiotics and probiotics strengthen the gut microbiome, thus reducing inflammation and helping bring the body back to a more homeostatic state. Cachexia is a very complicated, multifactorial disease process, and with their unique characteristics, cats can make it even more challenging. The use of nutraceuticals can help reduce inflammation, clean up free radicals, and stimulate the cat’s appetite, providing a better quality of life and ultimately helping treat the cachexia, whatever its underlying cause.

SPECIFIC FORMS OF CACHEXIA • Longest recognized and most studied form.

Cardiac cachexia

Cancer cachexia

• A study of cats with cancer showed muscle loss in 91% of affected felines. In addition, cats that were below optimal body condition had a significantly shorter survival time.

Renal cachexia

• A lthough the prevalence of cachexia in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not specifically been measured, it appears to be relatively high and likely has negative clinical effect.

Other forms of cachexia:

• R heumatoid arthritis

CATS ARE A UNIQUE SPECIES Cats are strict carnivores and require a much higher protein intake than omnivores. Their diet must also include some vitamins and amino acids that cats cannot produce naturally, such as taurine, arginine, and vitamin A. Cats can become very “set in their ways”, often stubborn at times. Once a cat has quit eating, it can be difficult to coax him back to food, especially if it created a feeling of nausea the last time it was eaten. An integrative approach to cachexia, including nutraceuticals, may be most beneficial.

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• The loss of lean body mass that typically accompanies this disease has devastating implications for the patient.

• A necdotally, muscle loss often occurs in cats with chronic respiratory diseases.

• C hronic

obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

ARGININE

TAURINE VITAMIN

ANIMAL HERO

Community celebrates life of beloved therapy dog Therapy dogs touch the lives of hundreds, bringing joy, comfort and friendship to seniors, hospital patients, schoolchildren and many others. Some of these dogs, like a certain little Shih Tzu named Prince Bailey, become beloved and invaluble members of their communites. Canine companion to recording artist Aydiee Vaughn, Prince Bailey might have been small in size, but he was brimming over with love and compassion for everyone he met. For more than 13 years, he brightened the lives of countless people in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, and Burbank, with weekly visits to seniors’ homes, hospitals, hospice centers, assisted living facilities, libraries and schools.

surprise ation of life included a Prince Bailey's celebr 105. tion Sta e LAFD Fir visit from members of

He was also a prescence at COVID relief events, and attended the annual Paws 4 Kisses & Hugs, honoring local LAFD firefighters in memory of 9/11. Prince Bailey lived to the ripe old age of 16, and passed away peacefully on June 5, 2023. The day before his transition, Aydiee orchestrated a special “red carpet” farewell celebration at the Hilton Woodland Hills Hotel. The event featured a blue and teal theme with angel wings and clouds to symbolize Prince Baileys’ transformative journey. Invited guests were treated to a gourmet buffet, with desserts, cocktails and appetizers, while a specially created Kiss & Cuddle Lounge, featuring a plush rug and pillows, provided a serene space

Captain Aydiee and firefighter Taggart with Bailey

for guests to say their goodbyes to Prince Bailey. Prince Bailey’s gala send-off also included music, and heartfelt testimonies from those whose lives he changed for the better. An unexpected highlight was a surprise visit from the firefighters of LAFD Fire Station 105, who pulled up in front of the hotel in a fire engine to pay their final respects to the little dog. Prince Bailey may be gone now, but it’s clear that his spirit and legacy will live on in the hearts of the many people who adored him and benefited from his generous personality.

iley

Aydiee with Prince Ba

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ANIMAL BODYWORK

HOW ACUPRESSURE HELPS BRACHYCEPHALIC DOGS BREATHE EASIER BY AMY SNOW AND NANCY ZIDONIS

Flat-faced dogs like pugs and Boston terriers are undeniably cute — but their short noses mean they’re prone to respiratory problems. This acupressure session can help your brachycephalic companion breathe better.

If you share your life with a brachycephalic dog, then you’re aware that these flat-faced, short-nosed breeds are susceptible to breathing problems that can be uncomfortable at best, and life-threatening at worst. Aside from avoiding strenuous exercise, managing stress, and keeping your brachycephalic dog indoors during hot, humid weather, you can also use a simple at-home acupressure session to help improve his breathing.

NDERSTANDING U BRACHYCEPHALY “Brachycephalic” is the technical term for flat-faced dog breeds, of which there are 40. We often associate it with small breeds such as pugs, Boston terriers, Shih tzus, and Pekingese, but dogs of all sizes can be affected, including large breeds like the bull mastiff, bulldog, Cane Corso and others. DID YOU KNOW? “Brachy” means short and “cephalic” means head.

We sometimes think of brachycephaly in dogs as being a more modern issue, but anthropologists have found remnants of brachycephalic canine skulls in the graves of royalty dating back to ancient Roman times. Pugs are among the ancient flat-faced breeds, originating in China around 400 BC. During the Victorian era, it became fashionable to selectively breed dogs for aesthetics and novelty. This meant that some breeds’ faces became flatter and their eyes more prominent

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than ever before. The heads of small brachycephalic breeds became even shorter and more domed to enhance the wrinkles on the brow. DID YOU KNOW? Larger canines, such as English bulldogs, were bred for shorter snouts, thereby creating a stronger jaw for fighting and hunting.

The selective breeding of canines has gone on for centuries. The problem is that healthy attributes may be lost when dogs are bred for a specific trait, and this is what has happened to the brachycephalic breeds. When the anatomy of any animal is purposefully manipulated for looks, the odds are the dog’s anatomical and functional health and well-being are compromised.

HAT CAUSES THE W BREATHING PROBLEMS? Brachycephalic dogs live an average of 8.6 years, while their long-nosed counterparts live around 12.7 years. Shortening the snout and head means these dogs experience significant airway constriction, among a host of other health issues, due to the anatomical malformation of their faces and heads. If the sinuses and jaws are crammed into a tight space, breathing becomes more difficult and heat builds up in the dog’s body. DID YOU KNOW? Flat-faced dogs tend to be exercise- and heat-intolerant.

Labored breathing can tax the animal’s heart. Often, these dogs are born with anatomical abnormalities such as an elongated soft palate that blocks air passing into the trachea (windpipe); the trachea often has a smaller diameter, decreasing the air passages, and the small, narrow nostrils in these dogs further restrict air flow. Brachycephalic dogs need more health support than longnosed breeds, so it’s important to work with a holistic or integrative veterinarian through the course of the dog’s life. Surgical remedies exist for some breathing impediments, but one way you can help your dog breathe easier is by using acupressure.

ACUPRESSURE IMPROVES OXYGENATED BLOOD FLOW Caring for a brachycephalic dog means ongoing breathing support. Acupressure can’t change the animal’s anatomy, but along with proper veterinary care, it can enhance the dog’s

quality of breathing. It does this by supporting the function of breathing and the assimilation of oxygen into the dog’s blood. The acupressure points (acupoints) shown below are intended to help oxygenated blood circulate through the dog’s body, nourishing all internal organs and tissues. DID YOU KNOW? Even with their health issues, brachycephalic dogs make loving, devoted companions.

The smaller flat-faced breeds have a zest for life, and sharing your life with them is a pleasure. The larger breeds are built for power and deep devotion to their special person or family. Providing your brachycephalic dog with the care and breathing support she needs — including the acupressure session outlined in this article — means she can stay as happy and healthy as possible.

ACUPOINTS FOR BRACHYCEPHALIC DOGS Lung 9 (Lu 9) — To locate Lu 9, lift the dog’s

front paw at the carpus (wrist) and tuck your forefinger under it, just below the joint. If your dog is happy with you holding your finger on the point while his paw is up, do so for a slow count to 20. If he’s not, extend his leg down while continuing to hold Lu 9, again for a slow count to 20, before moving on to the next acupoint. Repeat this process on the opposite paw.

Conception Vessel 17 (CV 17) — This

acupoint is found on the ventral (lower) midline. Direct your hand under the dog’s chest at the level of his elbow and feel for the midline on the chest. Place your forefinger on CV 17 and slowly count to 20, then move to the next acupoint.

Bladder 17 (Bl 17) — This point is located about

an inch away from the spine on the back border of the seventh thoracic vertebra. To find Bl 17, find the flat spot on your dog’s spine; go forward (toward the head) by four spinous processes (the points you feel sticking up on the spine); then drop off to the side of the spine. Hold that spot for a count of 20. Repeat, holding this acupoint on the opposite side of your dog.

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GOOD NEWS

New Florida law promotes spay and neuter surgeries to control overpopulation S

paying and neutering remains the gold standard for reducing populations of stray and feral cats, which can otherwise quickly get out of control. Alley Cat Allies recently applauded Florida legislators for passing a new law that increases the state’s capacity for spay and neuter surgeries for both cats and dogs. It aims to do this by expanding the number of veterinarians who can legally perform these procedures.

“By allowing skilled veterinarians the chance to provide more lowcost spay and neuter services in the state, this law will save cats and kittens in Florida from being surrendered to shelters and killed,” says Coryn Julien, communications director for Alley Cat Allies. “This law is a win for residents, animal shelters, and cats. We applaud Florida for taking this innovative step to save the lives of animals.”

Sponsored by Senator Colleen Burton and Representative Sam Killebrew, Bill HB 719 took effect on July 1 of this year. It enables veterinarians licensed and in good standing in other jurisdictions to provide sterilization and routine preventive wellness services under the supervision of a Florida-licensed veterinarian, as unpaid volunteers. The law will specifically clear the way for help from retired or semi-retired veterinarians from other states, of whom a significant number spend part of the year in Florida.

“This groundbreaking legislation will allow a large population of qualified veterinarians to contribute to sterilization efforts throughout Florida, and could also serve as a model for other states to increase their spay and neuter capacity in the future,” adds veterinarian Dr. Robert Weedon, who played a key role in advocating for the bill in Florida.

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alleycat.org

TNR IS CRUCIAL TO MANAGING FERAL CAT COLONIES Low-cost spay and neuter is a critical component of Trap-NeuterReturn (TNR), the only humane and effective way to manage outdoor cat populations. TNR reduces shelter intake, reduces the number of cats killed in shelters, and decreases calls to animal control agencies, all of which saves taxpayer dollars. The lack of available veterinarians faced by communities across the country is a significant impediment to TNR. However, clearing the way for more veterinarians to provide low-cost or free spay and neuter services benefits both cats and shelters.

MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS

Why MUSHROOMS are SO GOOD for your

DOG’S GUT MICROBIOME BY ROBERT J. SILVER, DVM, MS

From Lion’s Mane to Maitake, edible mushrooms are rich in prebiotic fiber and other nutrients that help improve the health of your dog’s gut microbiome.

Shiitake, Maitake and oyster mushrooms are considered some of the world’s tastiest edible mushrooms — and they’re just a few of the flavorful fungal delights available worldwide. But mushrooms aren’t just delicious. They also provide solid nutrition to your dog (and yourself!) thanks to their high levels of good quality protein and fiber, and their low levels of carbohydrates and fats. And it doesn’t end there. The high fiber content of mushrooms — which consists mainly of the non-digestible polysaccharides, chitin and beta glucan — is also a prime food for the “good” bugs that make up your dog’s gut microbiome.

MUSHROOM FIBER IS A RICH SOURCE OF PREBIOTICS The fiber nutrients in mushrooms that feed the good bugs in your dog’s microbiome are called “prebiotics.” The high levels of this prebiotic fiber, along with the immune-enhancing benefits of beta glucan fiber, means that mushrooms are

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very effective at helping to improve microbiome health. A number of published studies in dogs have shown that this fiber promotes the growth of beneficial microbes that power the health of your dog.

STUDY SHOWS LION’S MANE IMPROVES GI HEALTH IN DOGS A recent study conducted in Japan showed that adding a small amount of dried, powdered Lion’s Mane mushroom to a commercial dry pet food significantly improved microbiome health in aging dogs. Lion’s Mane was chosen because it has historically and traditionally been found to improve a number of GI issues, including gastritis and esophagitis in the upper GI tract, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the lower bowel. The four-month study involved 18 female dogs, all 11 years of age and all approximately the same weight, from three different breeds (Schnauzers, Poodles and Maltese). The dogs were broken into three groups of six. One group was fed a low potency test diet containing 400 mg of Lion’s Mane per kilogram of body weight; the second a high potency test diet with 800 mg of Lion’s Mane per kilogram of body weight; and the third a control diet with no Lion’s Mane. The results showed that the two diets containing Lion’s Mane had some numerical differences but were statistically the same, meaning that 400 mg of Lion’s Mane per kilogram of body weight was as effective as 800 mg. The ratio of gut microbes changed from a higher number of Firmicutes to a higher level of Bacteroidetes, indicating an improvement in the microbiome health of the dogs eating food containing Lion’s Mane. Another interesting finding from this study was an increase in a specific genus of bacteria called Blautia. This bacterial genus has been associated with visceral fat accumulation, and its presence indicates that Lion’s Mane has a potential anti-obesity effect on the microbiome. Other studies have also found that Lion’s Mane has an anti-obesity effect. Along with Lion’s Mane, many other mushrooms contain the prebiotic fiber and other nutrients necessary for supporting a healthy microbiome in your dog. Not all products are created equal, though, so it’s important to choose a quality extract that’s going to do the job (see sidebar). Given how important good microbiome health is, not only to digestive wellness but to overall well-being, it’s worth exploring what mushrooms can do for both yourself and your dog!

UNDERSTANDING THE MICROBIOME • T he gut microbiome consists of bacteria, yeast fungi, and even some protozoa. Literally hundreds of different species of these microbes live in your dog’s bowel, and the total number of these bugs is in the trillions! It’s said there are more bugs in the bowel than there are cells in the body. Your dog’s skin (as well as your own) also has its own microbiome. • T he health of the microbiome is measured by the relative and absolute numbers of the different “classes” of microorganisms it contains. For example, in a healthy microbiome, we have higher numbers of a group of bacteria called Bacteroidetes. Conversely, an unhealthy microbiome has higher numbers from the Firmicutes group, which is represented by bacteria such as the Streptococcus species. Another group of bacteria found in an unhealthy microbiome include Campylobacter, also known as a food-borne pathogen and common cause of diarrhea. • W e now know that a healthy microbiome doesn’t just provide a healthy digestive system; it can also affect other systems within the body. We also know that as an individual ages, whether human or canine, the composition of their microbiome changes, predicting health and longevity or leading to age-related diseases.

SELECTING A MUSHROOM PRODUCT Although the study outlined in this article was performed using Lion’s Mane mushroom, all mushrooms contain substantial microbiome-friendly fiber from their sturdy fungal cell walls. Any mushroom that’s properly extracted can provide benefits similar to those of Lion’s Mane. So there’s no need to switch to Lion’s Mane if your dog is already on a good mushroom supplement. The best mushroom products for the microbiome are 1:1 extracts. This type of extract has both the fiber that’s so crucial to a healthy microbiome, along with the beta glucans, terpenes, and all other active molecules commonly found in mushrooms.

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SELF CARE

How being a CAT PARENT IMPROVES your HEALTH —

TOP 5 BENEFITS BY CHRISTINE CAPLAN, CVT

Being a cat parent helps keep the doctor away! Here are five ways how sharing your life with a feline friend can improve your health and well-being — physically and mentally.

Cats are cute and cuddly companions — but they also offer their human companions numerous health benefits. From reducing stress to lowering blood pressure, sharing your life and home with a cat can positively impact your physical and mental well-being. Let’s explore the top five health benefits of living with cats, and why our furry felines are much more than just “pets”.

CATS REDUCE YOUR STRESS LEVELS

Cats are known to have a calming effect on their people, and can help reduce stress and anxiety levels. Just spending time with a cat, petting him and listening to him purr, can lower your blood pressure and elevate your mood. Research from Cornell University has shown that petting a cat can lead to lower blood pressure and heart rate due to the release of oxytocin, a hormone that reduces stress and increases feelings of relaxation. In addition, simply

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• In a statement from the American Heart Association (AHA, heart.org), a range of studies have found an association between being an animal parent and having lower blood pressure. “[There’s a] relationship between pet (primarily dog or cat) ownership and cardiovascular disease, with many reporting beneficial effects, including increased physical activity, favorable lipid profiles, lower systemic blood pressure, improved autonomic tone, diminished sympathetic responses to stress, and improved survival after an acute coronary syndrome,” states one of the studies. As well, people with cats were shown to have significantly lower resting baseline heart rates and blood pressure in response to stress.

watching a cat’s movements and playful behavior has been linked to reduced anxiety. It was also discovered that petting cats for ten minutes decreased the amount of cortisol (a stress hormone) in saliva.

CATS HELP IMPROVE YOUR HEART HEALTH

Many studies indicate that having a cat can lower your risk of heart disease. The purring sound made by cats is believed to have a therapeutic effect on the human body and is known to help reduce anxiety, a leading cause of heart problems.

• A ccording to the Cleveland Heart Lab (clevelandheartlab. com), researchers from the University of Minnesota started following 4,500 men and woman who were free of heart problems at the start of a 20-year study. “It showed that people who had never shared their lives with a cat were 40% more likely to die of a heart attack than those who had cats at some time in their lives,” said the researchers. This is a statistic we should all be talking about.

CATS HELP ALLEVIATE ASTHMA AND ALLERGIES (YES, REALLY!)

You might think the opposite is true, but living with cats actually helps boost immunity. Exposure to cats and their natural environment may strengthen your immune system and protect you from allergies and diseases.

Research has demonstrated the positive impact of early childhood exposure to cats on the development of asthma and allergies later in life.

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“Research has demonstrated the positive impact of early childhood exposure to cats on the development of asthma and allergies later in life,” says the Human Animal Bond Research Institute (HABRI, habri.org). “A birth cohort study enrolling over 700 newborn participants found that, after an 18-year follow-up, those with an indoor cat in the ﬁrst year of life had nearly half the risk of developing allergies to cats later in life.”

CATS COMBAT LONELINESS

Cats make great companions, especially for those living alone or recovering from an illness. They offer emotional support and help relieve loneliness. • The Surgeon General states that loneliness is an epidemic in the US: “Loneliness is more than just a bad feeling. When people are socially disconnected, their risk of anxiety and depression increases. So does their risk of heart disease (29%), dementia (50%), and stroke (32%).” • HABRI adds that a study of high school students aged 13 to 19 found that those who had companion animals, including cats, were significantly less likely to feel lonely than their peers without animals. • Human-animal interaction has also been shown to reduce feelings of depression in older adults. Living with cats also tends to decrease the number of aging-related health issues. AARP’s national poll on healthy aging (aarp.org) states: “Those benefits seem to be even more pronounced for older adults who live alone or struggle with their health, 72% of whom say pets help them cope with physical or emotional symptoms.”

CATS STRENGTHEN OUR COPING SKILLS

Coping skills are strategies used to navigate difficult situations and feelings. When we start to experience negative feelings, animals such as cats can help us develop skills similar to meditation to help us get through the situation. Cats provide us with positive daily distractions, a regular routine, and purpose. Being a cat parent is a low-stress commitment that provides you with love and companionship — as well as improved physical, mental and emotional health and well-being.

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What the stats say “Approximately 43 million American households include a pet cat, with many households owning more than one, making them the second most popular pet by household, behind dogs,” says HABRI. In their 2021 survey, HABRI found that companion animals in general lead to improvements in both personal and mental human health: • 7 6% of respondents reported that their personal health improved as a result of having an animal, up from 71% in 2016 (+5%). • 8 7% said they experienced mental health improvements from animal guardianship, up from 74% in 2016 (+13%). Living with animals may even help decrease healthcare costs and doctor visits. Another recent study by HABRI and Banfield found that those with companion animals are estimated to visit the doctor less than those without animals, producing a cost savings of $11 billion.

…people who had never shared their lives with a cat were 40% more likely to die of a heart attack than those who had cats at some time in their lives.

NEWSWORTHY

Study shows long-term use

of cannabinoids is well

tolerated in healthy dogs Many people are turning to cannabidiol (CBD) products to help support and maintain their dogs’ quality of life. If you’re still on the fence about CBD for your own dog, here’s some positive news. The National Animal Supplement Council (NASC) has shared results from a recently-completed study showing the tolerability of broad spectrum cannabidiol (CBD), broad spectrum CBD with cannabigerol (CBG), and broad-spectrum CBD with cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) in healthy dogs when administered daily for 90 days. The study, which was done in collaboration with Nutrasource, a nutraceutical and pharmaceutical company, involved 16 male and 16 female dogs of at least six months in age. The dogs were randomly placed into four groups and given either medium chain triglyceride oil as the control, or one of CBD, CBG, and CBDA at 5 mg total cannabinoids per kg of body weight every day

for 90 consecutive days. The dogs were observed on a daily basis, and detailed clinical examinations were conducted weekly. The results showed that cannabinoids were well tolerated in these dogs. Upon completion of the study, none was reported to have any serious adverse events. “Part of what makes this study unique is the supporting data from NASC’s Adverse Event Reporting System (NAERS™),” says Bill Bookout, president of NASC. “Using this system, NASC members enter their products, ingredients, and administration recommendations into the NAERS

database along with the number of units in each container provided to customers. These collective data are processed by algorithms in the system, and adverse events, both serious and non-serious, can be compared and analyzed per one million administrations.” The post-market surveillance data for hemp-derived supplement products sold for use in dogs from 2010 to April 2023 shows that the rate for adverse and serious adverse events per one million administrations sold was 2.19 and 0.01 respectively. Based on the available data, the study authors concluded that these substances do not pose significant risk to dogs for long-term use. As veterinarian Dr. Margitta Dziwenka, Nutrasource’s Director of Preclinical and Companion Animal Services, says: “This research is a gamechanger for pet health.” nasc.cc

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SMART CHOICES

Choosing a boarding kennel for your dog BY BRIAN MARSHALL

hether you travel for business or pleasure, it’s sometimes necessary to leave your dog behind. Hiring a pet sitter or asking a friend or family member to look after your companion while you’re away are both common solutions — but you can also opt to have him stay at a boarding kennel where he’ll get round-the-clock care. Before going this route, it’s vitally important to choose a reputable, well-run facility where you know your companion will be comfortable and properly looked after. What follows is a guide of factors to consider and questions to ask before selecting a boarding kennel for your dog.

TAKE A TOUR OF THE KENNEL Call and ask if you can tour the facility before making a commitment, and see if they will allow your dog to tag along. Responsibly-operated businesses should be willing to let you see their kennels before you make a decision about letting your dog stay there.

RED FLAG : If the owners are reluctant to let you take a preliminary tour, they may have something to hide. Look elsewhere.

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Your guide to finding a boarding kennel that will provide the best possible care for your dog.

While touring the kennel, here’s what to look for to ensure your dog will be cared for in an acceptable manner:

Adequate living space. Boarding kennels will make sure all

dogs staying there have their own accommodations where they can sleep, eat, and relax on their own terms, without the interference of other animals. Ask the owners what their policies are on dogs being walked together, and/or what periods for play and socialization look like. Make sure there aren’t too many dogs being allowed to interact at once — two or three is optimal. Also, if your dog doesn’t play well with others, ensure there’ll be an option for him to be walked alone. leanliness. As you can imagine, a lot of dogs in a confined C space means it can be difficult to keep the environment clean. Nevertheless, a quality boarding kennel will have strict policies surrounding cleanliness and hygiene. While it is impossible to keep the place totally sterile, it should look, smell, and feel clean when you go to visit.

RED FLAG : Bare cages that are dirty and smelly are a bad sign. Accommodations should include plenty of items for the dogs’ comfort and enrichment, such as clean dry bedding, bowls of fresh water, and toys.

ASK THE KENNEL OWNER/ MANAGER THESE QUESTIONS 1. “Can I bring my dog’s food?” Suddenly changing a dog’s diet,

even for a short while, is ill-advised. It can cause digestive upsets, and because your dog will probably already experience some stress from the change in environment, an attack of diarrhea will only make him feel worse. Ask the owners of the boarding kennel what they feed their four-legged guests. If it’s not the same as what you are already giving your dog, ask if you can bring your own. It’s a good idea to take more than enough — you can always take any leftovers home. Be sure to let staff know how much to feed your dog, and when.

3. “Can you administer my dog’s supplements/medications?” Lots of dogs rely on daily supplements or medications. You need to be sure that your chosen boarding kennel has staff who are knowledgeable and experienced enough to administer pills or remedies correctly on your behalf.

4. “ What is your policy for emergency care?” Find out what the kennel managers would do if your dog fell ill or got injured. Are they aware of the nearest animal hospital and what their emergency hours and procedures are?

RED FLAG : Do you live in a state or province where boarding kennels are required to be regularly inspected? If so, and there is no current inspection certificate on display at the kennel you’re considering, move on.

RED FLAG : What if they won’t allow you to bring your own food? Find another kennel, especially if the food the current one provides is very cheap or low-end.

2. “Do you have an indoor and outdoor play area?” Dogs

should have access to both inside and outside play areas. They can get stressed if they don’t have any access to outdoor spaces for a prolonged period. If your dog is particularly active, ask if it’s possible to give him multiple walks and playtimes per day.

5. “ What are your criteria around vaccines?” Any kennel that

places a high value on the health of the dogs in their care will most likely insist that vaccinations are up to date. Ask the owner or manager if proof of titer testing is accepted in lieu of annual boosters.

This guide to choosing a kennel will help ensure you’ve done everything necessary to provide the best possible care for your dog, so you can enjoy peace of mind on your travels.

Preparing for your dog’s stay DO A TRIAL RUN Having your dog stay for one day and night at the kennel you’re considering lets you see how the staff care for and work with your dog. It can also help put your dog more at ease when it comes time for the longer stayover. Your dog’s physical and emotional demeanor after his 24-hour stay will be telling signs as to whether or not the kennel is the right fit for him.

DON’T MAKE A BIG DEAL ABOUT YOUR DEPARTURE Dogs can read your emotions like a book, so if you over-compensate when saying goodbye at the boarding kennel, or are visibly upset or stressed, she’ll pick up on it. This can make it much harder for your dog to settle when you’re gone. Instead, keep things short, simple, and sweet. She will feel calmer and more relaxed, and in turn, this will put your own mind at rest.

Use your instincts When it comes to choosing a kennel for your dog, trust your gut. If you don’t feel she’ll be happy at a certain place, or if there is some aspect of care at the facility you just aren’t happy with, don’t risk it. Trust your instincts and check out another kennel. You won’t be able to relax while you’re away if you place your dog in a kennel you aren’t 100% comfortable with.

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CLASSIFIEDS Animal Communicators

Associations

Schools & Training

CAROL SCHULTZ — Animal Communicator/Intuitive Healing Support. Interactive, compassionate, practical, and insightful Consultations and Energy Balancing for all species. Assistance with emotional, behavioral, physical, end of life, and animals in spirit. Classes & mentoring available. (815) 531-2850 www.carolschultz.com

MORRIS ANIMAL FOUNDATION — We are a global leader in supporting studies to find solutions to serious health threats to animals. Since our founding, we’ve invested more than $136 million in 2,780+ studies that have improved the health and quality of life for dogs, cats, horses, and wildlife around the world. We believe animals make the world a better place. Animals are our family members, our companions, and our inspiration. Whether we work on staff, serve as board members, or volunteer as scientific advisers, each of us strives every day to make the world a brighter place for animals — and those who love them. www.morrisanimalfoundation.org

TALLGRASS ANIMAL ACUPRESSURE RESOURCES — The Pioneers in Animal Acupressure Resources since 1990. Tallgrass has created animal acupressure books, manuals, meridian charts, videos, acupoint apps, and extensive Home-Study and Hands-On workshops to provide animal guardians, trainers, and healthcare practitioners access to the powerful healing modality of Animal Acupressure. www.animalacupressure.com

SHIRLEY SCOTT — Internationally known Animal Communicator & Clairvoyant connects with your pets here or in spirit. She reads emotional/behavior/health problems, provides classes & workshops in animal communication & training. (541) 577-3051, sscott@shirley-scott.com, www. shirley-scott.com

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FUN FACTS

Why do dogs like belly rubs?

HOW TO TELL IF A DOG REALLY WANTS A BELLY RUB

BY HANNAH FITCHETT

One of the many joys of being a dog lover is meeting a sweet pooch who instantly rolls on her back for a belly rub. There’s something so endearing about this gesture that most people will instantly bend down and rub their new friend’s belly. But what is it about belly rubs that dogs love so much? We can’t ask our dogs outright why they enjoy having their tummies scratched, but experts have some theories. 1. ATTENTION FROM PEOPLE A surefire way for dogs to get the attention of their “parents” is by rolling on their backs and asking for belly rubs. Most people can’t resist such a request, and dogs have therefore learned that this is a great way to get some love and affection! 2. OXYTOCIN SURGE Dogs have been our loyal companions for thousands of years. Studies have shown that the hormone which bonds mothers and newborn babies is the same one dogs and people release when they interact with each other — oxytocin.

Animal Wellness

The surge in oxytocin a dog experiences after his “mom” or “dad” touches him is likely why he likes belly rubs. Oxytocin gives dogs warm, fuzzy feelings, and a belly rub from a beloved human can release this hormone. 3. ALLOGROOMING Allogrooming is when animals of the same species groom each other by licking, stroking, rubbing, and scratching each other’s hair or fur. This type of social grooming is typical in pack animals such as wolves. Experts think it builds strong, trusting relationships between members of the pack. So another theory as to why dogs like belly rubs is that it mimics the grooming they would have received in the wild from other pack members. A belly rub simulates this same type of social grooming, and dogs may initiate one to foster stronger bonds with their “parents”.

It’s important to keep in mind that not every dog likes to have her tummy scratched. A dog will sometimes roll on her back as a sign of submission, especially if she urinates slightly or looks away from you at the same time. In this case, bending over to rub her tummy might be interpreted as a sign of dominance and could provoke an attack. The best way to tell if a dog would enjoy a belly rub is if she exhibits the following body language after rolling on her back:

• Soft gaze with relaxed brow • Relaxed ears — not pricked

forward or lying flat against her head

• Soft and open mouth, with the tongue possibly lolling to one side

• Relaxed body — not stiff or tense • Relaxed tail — not tucked.