Certificazione ambientale - EPD - 20mm by Ceramiche Mirage

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH EN 15804+A2 & ISO 14025 / ISO 21930 Mirage Porcelain Stoneware (20 mm thick) Mirage Granito Ceramico S.p.A.

EPD HUB, HUB-1037 Publishing date 19 January 2024, last updated on 19 January 2024, valid until 19 January 2029.

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GENERAL INFORMATION

be comparable if they do not comply with EN 15804 and if they are not compared in a building context.

MANUFACTURER

PRODUCT

Manufacturer VP-001

Mirage Granito Ceramico S.p.A.

Address VP-002 Contact details VP-003

Via Giardini Nord 225, Pavullo nel Frignano, Modena (MO), Italy sustainability@mirage.it

Website

www.mirage.it

EPD STANDARDS, SCOPE AND VERIFICATION Program operator Reference standard

EPD Hub, hub@epdhub.com EN 15804+A2:2019 and ISO 14025

Additional labels

Mirage Porcelain Stoneware (20 mm thick) -

Product reference

Place of production VP-008

Pavullo nel Frignano, Italy

Period for data VP-013

01.01.2022 - 31.12.2022

Averaging in EPD VP-024-C Variation in GWP-fossil for A1-A3 VP-025-C

No averaging

Product name VP-007

Sector

EPD Hub Core PCR version 1.0, 1 Feb 2022 EN 17160 Product category rules for ceramic tiles Construction products

Category of EPD

Third-party verified EPD

Declared unit

Scope of the EPD

Cradle to gate with options, A4-B7, and modules C1-C4, D Davide Carra

1 m2 of ceramic tile for covering walls and floors for a period of 50 years

Declared unit mass

43.99 kg

GWP-fossil, A1-A3 (kgCO2e)

1,72E+01

GWP-total, A1-A3 (kgCO2e)

1,64E+01

Secondary material, inputs (%)

0.0268

Secondary material, outputs (%)

26.1

Total energy use, A1-A3 (kWh)

80.5

Total water use, A1-A3 (m3e)

5,62E‐02

PCR

EPD author VP-004 EPD verification

EPD verifier VP-055

Independent verification of this EPD and data, according to ISO 14025: Internal verification External verification Magaly González Vázquez, as an authorized verifier acting for EPD Hub Limited

The manufacturer has the sole ownership, liability, and responsibility for the EPD. EPDs within the same product category but from different programs may not be comparable. EPDs of construction products may not

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ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SUMMARY

PRODUCT AND MANUFACTURER

PRODUCT RAW MATERIAL MAIN COMPOSITION Raw material category

Amount, mass- %

Material origin

ABOUT THE MANUFACTURER

Metals

Minerals

100

EU & Asia

Fossil materials

Bio-based materials

Mirage designs and manufactures porcelain stoneware surfaces for commercial, public and residential use. With a perfect blend of production capacity, experimentation and sustainability, we have garnered global recognition, establishing a 100% Italian identity in which creativity and technological research define the value of each product, making it unique and exclusive. Every day, through a network that spans over 160 countries, we engage with diverse markets, offering our expertise. The ability to innovate and to reinvent the essence rooted in our traditions, together with the constantly improving quality of our products, serves as a testament to the “Made in Italy” model we export.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION VP-009 Ceramic tiles are shaped by dry pressing natural materials such as clay, feldspar, sand and kaolin. The type of tiles produced are in porcelain stoneware, with a very compact structure and able to guarantee excellent performance. Identified and adopted for this study is a 20 mm thick product. Further information can be found at www.mirage.it.

BIOGENIC CARBON CONTENT VP-028-C Product’s biogenic carbon content at the factory gate Biogenic carbon content in product, kg C

Biogenic carbon content in packaging, kg C

0.226

FUNCTIONAL UNIT AND SERVICE LIFE Declared unit VP-011

1 m2

Mass per declared unit VP-012

43.99 kg

Functional unit

1 m2 of ceramic tile for covering walls and floors for a period of 50 years 50 years

Reference service life

SUBSTANCES, REACH - VERY HIGH CONCERN VP-027-C The product does not contain any REACH SVHC substances in amounts greater than 0,1 % (1000 ppm).

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PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE SYSTEM BOUNDARY This EPD covers the life-cycle modules listed in the following table. Product stage

Assembly stage

Use stage

End of life stage

Beyond the system boundari es D

Recycling

Recovery

Reuse

Disposal

Waste processing

Transport

Deconstr./demol.

Operational water use

Operational energy use

Refurbishment

Replacement

Repair

Maintenance

Use

Assembly

Transport

Manufacturing

Transport

Raw materials

Modules not declared = MND. Modules not relevant = MNR.

MANUFACTURING AND PACKAGING (A1-A3) VP-018 The environmental impacts considered for the product stage cover the manufacturing of raw materials used in the production as well as packaging materials and other ancillary materials. Also, fuels used by machines, and handling of waste formed in the production processes at the manufacturing facilities are included in this stage. The study also considers the material losses occurring during the manufacturing processes as well as losses during electricity transmission. The product is made of a mixture of minerals like clay, feldspar, kaolin and sand. The materials are transported to the manufacturers production facility, where the manufacturing includes material preparation, shaping, drying, followed by decoration, firing, and finally, post-firing processing. Raw waste is directly reintroduced in the production cycle. The manufacturing process requires electricity and fuels for the different equipment as well as heating. Waste hot air that occurs during the Created with One Click LCA

production of electrical energy in the cogeneration plants is used in spray dryers. In addition, waste heat is recycled from various parts of the furnaces to ensure that the heat inside the furnace remains efficient. Certain ancillary materials needed to prevent air pollution are also included. The product is finally packaged in cardboard and sent to the installation site on a wooden pallet, covered by a plastic film with a content of at least 80% of recycled plastic. The cardboard and the plastic packaging is considered negligible for the declared unit.

TRANSPORT AND INSTALLATION (A4-A5) Transportation impacts occurred from final products delivery to construction site (A4) cover fuel direct exhaust emissions, environmental impacts of fuel production, as well as related infrastructure emissions. Module A4 includes the transport from the production site to the customer or to the point of installation of the tiles (IT: 17.8% - EU: 54.7% - WW: 27.5%, as per Confindustria Ceramica EPD-COI-20220297-ICG1-EN). Vehicle capacity utilization volume factor is assumed to be 100 % which means full load. In reality, it may vary but as role of transportation emissions in total results is small, the variety in load is assumed to be negligible. Empty returns are not taken into account as it is assumed that return trip is used by the transportation company to serve the needs of other clients. Transportation does not cause losses as product is packaged properly. During installation, a little waste is generated because of losses (the loss of ceramic material considered is equal to 6,5% of declared unit) and packaging materials. Mortar and tap water is used for installation of the ceramic tiles in the building site. The wooden pallet used during transportation is incinerated for energy recovery, while cardboard and plastic packaging is recycled. The cardboard and the plastic packaging is considered negligible for the declared unit. 4

PRODUCT USE AND MAINTENANCE (B1-B7) VP-043-C

PRODUCT END OF LIFE (C1-C4, D) VP-049-C

Module B1 considers the use of the tiles. During the use of ceramic tiles there is no generation of dangerous emissions indoors. Module B2 concerns the cleaning of the tiles. It considers the use of water, tile cleaning detergent – including the treatment of wastewater – for 50 years of use (lifespan of the tiles).

Module C1 concerns the process of demolition and deconstruction of the tiles from the building. Module C2 considers the transport of the discarded tile to a recycling or disposal process. The ceramic tile demolition waste is transported from the building site to a container or treatment plant by truck and an average distance of 20 km is considered. The return trip shall be included in the system. It can be considered an average distance of 30 km from the container or treatment plant to the final destination.

Modules B3-B4-B5 refer to the repair, replacement and renovation of the tiles. If the tiles are installed correctly, no repair, replacement or renovation is required. Modules B6-B7 consider the use of energy for the operation of the technical systems integrated into the building (B6) and the use of operating water for technical installations related to the building. The use of operating energy or water is not considered. Cleaning water is declared in module B2. Air, soil, and water impacts during the use phase have not been studied.

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Module C3 considers every process (collection, crushing process, etc.) necessary for tile recycling. Module C4 includes all landfill disposal processes, including pre-treatment and management of the disposal site. Module D includes the benefits deriving from all the net flows at the end of life stage that leave the product limit system after having passed the end of waste stage. Incineration of packaging and the resulting energy credits (electricity and thermal energy) are declared in module D.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS VP-019

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LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT

AVERAGES AND VARIABILITY VP-026-C Type of average

No averaging

Averaging method

N/A

Variation in GWP-fossil for A1-A3

CUT-OFF CRITERIA VP-020 The study does not exclude any modules or processes which are stated mandatory in the reference standard and the applied PCR. The study does not exclude any hazardous materials or substances. The study includes all major raw material and energy consumption. All inputs and outputs of the unit processes, for which data is available for, are included in the calculation. There is no neglected unit process more than 1% of total mass or energy flows. The module specific total neglected input and output flows also do not exceed 5% of energy usage or mass.

This EPD is product and factory specific and does not contain average calculations.

LCA SOFTWARE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ALLOCATION, ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS VP-050-C Allocation is required if some material, energy, and waste data cannot be measured separately for the product under investigation. All allocations are done as per the reference standards and the applied PCR. In this study, allocation has been done in the following ways:

Data type

Allocation

Raw materials

No allocation

Packaging materials

Allocated by mass or volume

Ancillary materials

Allocated by mass or volume

Manufacturing energy and waste

Allocated by mass or volume

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This EPD has been created using One Click LCA EPD Generator. The LCA and EPD have been prepared according to the reference standards and ISO 14040/14044. Ecoinvent v3.8 and One Click LCA databases were used as sources of environmental data.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DATA CORE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT INDICATORS – EN 15804+A2, PEF VP-029-C Impact category

Unit

GWP – total1)

kg CO2e

GWP – fossil

kg CO2e

GWP – biogenic

kg CO2e

GWP – LULUC

kg CO2e

Ozone depletion pot.

kg CFC-11e

Acidification potential

mol H+e

EP-freshwater2)

kg Pe

EP-marine

kg Ne

EP-terrestrial

mol Ne

POCP (“smog”)3)

kg NMVOCe

ADP-minerals & metals4)

kg Sbe

ADP-fossil resources

Water use5)

m3e depr.

A1-A3

1,29E+00

1,02E+00

1,41E+01

1,64E+01

4,13E+00

4,78E+00

0,00E+00

1,27E‐02

0,00E+00

3,29E‐02

2,74E‐01

6,03E‐02

3,69E‐01

‐1,07E‐01

1,29E+00

1,02E+00

1,49E+01

1,72E+01

4,12E+00

3,96E+00

0,00E+00

1,37E‐02

0,00E+00

3,29E‐02

2,74E‐01

6,03E‐02

3,68E‐01

‐1,06E‐01

0,00E+00

‐8,20E‐01

1,50E‐03

8,25E‐01

0,00E+00

‐1,15E‐03

0,00E+00

‐7,35E‐04

8,58E‐04

5,50E‐04

1,33E‐03

2,74E‐03

1,79E‐03

2,01E‐03

0,00E+00

6,84E‐05

0,00E+00

3,27E‐06

1,06E‐04

6,00E‐06

3,73E‐04

‐8,52E‐05

2,19E‐07

2,26E‐07

2,39E‐06

2,84E‐06

9,29E‐07

3,95E‐07

0,00E+00

1,76E‐09

0,00E+00

7,02E‐09

6,63E‐08

1,29E‐08

1,12E‐07

‐1,40E‐08

5,47E‐03

1,19E‐02

1,55E‐02

3,29E‐02

3,84E‐02

1,20E‐02

0,00E+00

2,24E‐04

0,00E+00

3,41E‐04

8,32E‐04

6,26E‐04

3,11E‐03

‐9,31E‐04

1,64E‐05

7,17E‐06

3,38E‐05

5,74E‐05

3,01E‐05

1,06E‐03

0,00E+00

5,70E‐06

0,00E+00

1,09E‐07

1,96E‐06

2,00E‐07

5,72E‐06

‐2,47E‐06

1,58E‐03

2,82E‐03

4,16E‐03

8,57E‐03

1,01E‐02

3,09E‐03

0,00E+00

1,23E‐04

0,00E+00

1,51E‐04

1,76E‐04

2,77E‐04

1,06E‐03

‐2,64E‐04

1,84E‐02

3,14E‐02

4,57E‐02

9,55E‐02

1,12E‐01

3,38E‐02

0,00E+00

2,43E‐04

0,00E+00

1,66E‐03

1,96E‐03

3,04E‐03

1,17E‐02

‐3,58E‐03

5,04E‐03

8,87E‐03

1,58E‐02

2,97E‐02

3,19E‐02

9,83E‐03

0,00E+00

6,38E‐05

0,00E+00

4,56E‐04

7,63E‐04

8,36E‐04

3,37E‐03

‐8,38E‐04

1,04E‐05

2,21E‐06

6,23E‐06

1,88E‐05

8,96E‐06

9,74E‐06

0,00E+00

1,58E‐06

0,00E+00

1,67E‐08

8,14E‐07

3,06E‐08

1,24E‐06

‐2,24E‐06

2,05E+01

1,47E+01

2,48E+02

2,83E+02

6,03E+01

4,49E+01

0,00E+00

1,83E‐01

0,00E+00

4,42E‐01

4,25E+00

8,11E‐01

8,51E+00

‐1,59E+00

2,94E‐01

6,18E‐02

5,63E‐01

9,19E‐01

2,56E‐01

6,88E‐01

0,00E+00

5,46E‐02

0,00E+00

1,19E‐03

1,97E‐02

2,18E‐03

4,96E‐02

‐4,84E‐01

1) GWP = Global Warming Potential; 2) EP = Eutrophication potential. Required characterisation method and data are in kg P-eq. Multiply by 3,07 to get PO4e; 3) POCP = Photochemical ozone formation; 4) ADP = Abiotic depletion potential; 5) EN 15804+A2 disclaimer for Abiotic depletion and Water use and optional indicators except Particulate matter and Ionizing radiation, human health. The results of these environmental impact indicators shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experience with the indicator.

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USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES Impact category

Unit

Renew. PER as energy8)

Renew. PER as material

Total use of renew. PER

Non-re. PER as energy

Non-re. PER as material

Total use of non-re. PER

Secondary materials

Renew. secondary fuels

Non-ren. secondary fuels

Use of net fresh water

A1-A3

2,84E‐01

1,53E‐01

6,45E+00

6,89E+00

6,43E‐01

2,38E+01

0,00E+00

1,80E‐02

0,00E+00

2,53E‐03

5,79E‐02

4,63E‐03

1,48E‐01

‐5,13E‐01

0,00E+00

7,23E+00

0,00E+00

‐7,23E+00 0,00E+00

0,00E+00

2,84E‐01

1,53E‐01

1,37E+01

1,41E+01

6,43E‐01

1,66E+01

0,00E+00

1,80E‐02

0,00E+00

2,53E‐03

5,79E‐02

4,63E‐03

1,48E‐01

‐5,13E‐01

2,05E+01

1,47E+01

2,47E+02

2,83E+02

6,03E+01

2,82E+01

0,00E+00

1,83E‐01

0,00E+00

4,42E‐01

4,25E+00

8,11E‐01

8,51E+00

‐1,59E+00

0,00E+00

4,77E‐01

0,00E+00

‐4,77E‐01

0,00E+00

2,05E+01

1,47E+01

2,48E+02

2,83E+02

6,03E+01

2,77E+01

0,00E+00

1,83E‐01

0,00E+00

4,42E‐01

4,25E+00

8,11E‐01

8,51E+00

‐1,59E+00

1,18E‐02

5,20E‐03

3,97E‐02

5,66E‐02

1,84E‐02

2,09E+00

0,00E+00

2,63E‐04

0,00E+00

1,73E‐04

1,30E‐03

3,17E‐04

3,06E‐03

‐3,91E‐03

7,60E‐05

3,58E‐05

2,44E‐01

1,53E‐04

1,59E‐02

0,00E+00

1,12E‐06

0,00E+00

5,65E‐07

1,29E‐05

1,04E‐06

1,18E‐04

‐2,85E‐05

0,00E+00

3,71E‐02

1,69E‐03

1,74E‐02

5,62E‐02

7,20E‐03

2,14E‐02

0,00E+00

1,27E‐03

0,00E+00

2,68E‐05

5,54E‐04

4,92E‐05

9,17E‐03

‐1,13E‐02

A1-A3

4,86E‐01

2,06E‐02

8,53E‐02

5,92E‐01

7,94E‐02

5,09E‐02

0,00E+00

1,19E‐03

0,00E+00

5,91E‐04

4,67E‐03

1,08E‐03

0,00E+00

‐1,16E‐02

6,96E‐01

2,86E‐01

1,24E+00

2,22E+00

1,20E+00

3,50E+00

0,00E+00

3,24E‐02

0,00E+00

4,16E‐03

8,21E‐02

7,62E‐03

3,50E+01

‐3,67E+00

5,74E‐05

1,00E‐04

1,46E‐04

3,03E‐04

4,07E‐04

4,63E‐05

0,00E+00

6,22E‐07

0,00E+00

3,11E‐06

2,93E‐05

5,71E‐06

0,00E+00

‐1,17E‐05

A1-A3

0,00E+00

1,50E+01

0,00E+00

3,99E+00

0,00E+00

8) PER = Primary energy resources.

END OF LIFE – WASTE Impact category

Unit

Hazardous waste

Non-hazardous waste

Radioactive waste

END OF LIFE – OUTPUT FLOWS Impact category

Unit

Components for re-use

Materials for recycling

Materials for energy rec

Exported energy

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS – EN 15804+A1, CML / ISO 21930 Impact category

Unit

A1-A3

Global Warming Pot.

kg CO2e

1,27E+00

1,01E+00

1,46E+01

1,69E+01

4,08E+00

7,15E+00

0,00E+00

1,36E‐02

0,00E+00

3,25E‐02

2,72E‐01

5,96E‐02

3,62E‐01

‐1,04E‐01

Ozone depletion Pot.

kg CFC-11e

1,89E‐07

1,79E‐07

2,10E‐06

2,47E‐06

7,35E‐07

8,00E‐07

0,00E+00

1,50E‐09

0,00E+00

5,56E‐09

5,25E‐08

1,02E‐08

8,89E‐08

‐1,14E‐08

Acidification

kg SO2e

4,18E‐03

9,58E‐03

1,22E‐02

2,60E‐02

3,04E‐02

6,58E‐02

0,00E+00

1,93E‐04

0,00E+00

2,43E‐04

6,78E‐04

4,46E‐04

2,35E‐03

‐6,68E‐04

Eutrophication

kg PO43e

1,72E‐03

1,25E‐03

2,69E‐03

5,66E‐03

4,65E‐03

1,49E‐02

0,00E+00

1,30E‐04

0,00E+00

5,65E‐05

1,45E‐04

1,04E‐04

7,54E‐04

‐2,17E‐04

POCP (“smog”)

kg C2H4e

1,81E‐04

2,93E‐04

1,05E‐03

1,53E‐03

9,32E‐04

4,03E‐03

0,00E+00

8,03E‐06

0,00E+00

5,32E‐06

3,27E‐05

9,76E‐06

9,57E‐05

‐3,01E‐05

ADP-elements

kg Sbe

1,00E‐05

2,16E‐06

6,12E‐06

1,83E‐05

8,70E‐06

8,30E‐05

0,00E+00

1,57E‐06

0,00E+00

1,64E‐08

7,94E‐07

3,01E‐08

1,20E‐06

‐2,22E‐06

ADP-fossil

2,05E+01

1,47E+01

2,48E+02

2,83E+02

6,03E+01

1,22E+02

0,00E+00

1,83E‐01

0,00E+00

4,42E‐01

4,25E+00

8,11E‐01

8,51E+00

‐1,59E+00

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VERIFICATION STATEMENT VERIFICATION PROCESS FOR THIS EPD This EPD has been verified in accordance with ISO 14025 by an independent, third-party verifier by reviewing results, documents and compliancy with reference standard, ISO 14025 and ISO 14040/14044, following the process and checklists of the program operator for: ● ● ●

This Environmental Product Declaration The Life-Cycle Assessment used in this EPD The digital background data for this EPD

Why does verification transparency matter? Read more online This EPD has been generated by One Click LCA EPD generator, which has been verified and approved by the EPD Hub.

I confirm that the company-specific data has been examined as regards plausibility and consistency; the declaration owner is responsible for its factual integrity and legal compliance. I confirm that I have sufficient knowledge and experience of construction products, this specific product category, the construction industry, relevant standards, and the geographical area of the EPD to carry out this verification. I confirm my independence in my role as verifier; I have not been involved in the execution of the LCA or in the development of the declaration and have no conflicts of interest regarding this verification. Magaly González Vázquez, as an authorized verifier acting for EPD Hub Limited 19.01.2024

THIRD-PARTY VERIFICATION STATEMENT I hereby confirm that, following detailed examination, I have not established any relevant deviations by the studied Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), its LCA and project report, in terms of the data collected and used in the LCA calculations, the way the LCA-based calculations have been carried out, the presentation of environmental data in the EPD, and other additional environmental information, as present with respect to the procedural and methodological requirements in ISO 14025:2010 and reference standard.

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