Several research groups are currently investigating the determination of wettability using NMR relaxation times. Although correlations with traditional wettability indices have been presented with some success, further effort is needed to... more
Several research groups are currently investigating the determination of wettability using NMR relaxation times. Although correlations with traditional wettability indices have been presented with some success, further effort is needed to relate the wettability at pore-scale to a core-scale measurement of NMR response. For example, a qualitative method using the arithmetic mean of relaxation times at various saturations has been presented [Guan, H., Brougham, D., Sorbie, K.S., Packer, K.J., 2002. Wettability effects in a sandstone reservoir and outcrop cores from NMR relaxation time distributions. J. Petroleum Sci. and Eng. 34, 35–54] and a wettability index that quantifies the amount of surface area that is wetted either by oil or by water, by using the T2 peak at four different saturations has been proposed [Fleury, M., Deflandre, F., 2003. Quantitative evaluation of porous media wettability using NMR relaxometry. Mag. Reson. Imaging 21, 385–387]. Our group at the Imperial College have previously shown experimentally that the T2 distribution provides valuable information about wettability and overall fluid distribution within the pore-space, which is lost if only a single value from the T2 distribution is considered [Al-Mahrooqi, S.H., Grattoni, C.A., Moss, A.K., Jing, X.D., 2003. An investigation of the effect of wettability on NMR characteristics of sandstone rock and fluid systems. J. Petroleum Sci. and Eng. 39, 389–398].In this paper we use a simple pore-scale model to understand the effect of wetting and its relationship with NMR relaxation times. The model uses triangular capillary pores with a given pore size distribution. The oil/water distribution within the pores is obtained as a function of capillary pressure and wettability. At a given capillary pressure, the volumes and surface areas of water and oil are calculated for each individual pore. This allows us to calculate the theoretical T2 distribution for that pore size distribution as a function of wettability and saturation.We have used the model to study the T2 distribution for a range of wettabilities and saturations. Results from the model confirmed previous observations from experiments regarding the effect of wettability on NMR T2 distributions. Based on these qualitative results, an improved index for characterising wettability from the T2 distribution has been proposed. We tested the proposed index using NMR T2 data from synthetic and real sandstone core plugs with different wettabilities, ranging from strongly water-wet to strongly oil-wet. Comparison between the proposed index and wettability for the synthetic samples and Amott–Harvey index for core plugs show good correlation.
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The reservoir simulator TOUGH and the wellbore simulator WFSA have been coupled to model flow of geothermal brine in the reservoir as well as in the wellbore. An outline of the structure of the two computer codes is given, together with... more
The reservoir simulator TOUGH and the wellbore simulator WFSA have been coupled to model flow of geothermal brine in the reservoir as well as in the wellbore. An outline of the structure of the two computer codes is given, together with the relevant equations. A new module, ...
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A new lumped-parameter approach to simulating unsaturated flow processes in dual-porosity media such as fractured rocks or aggregated soils is presented. Fluid flow between the fracture network and the matrix blocks is described by a... more
A new lumped-parameter approach to simulating unsaturated flow processes in dual-porosity media such as fractured rocks or aggregated soils is presented. Fluid flow between the fracture network and the matrix blocks is described by a non-linear equation that relates the ...
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Alexander disease is a rare, sporadic leukoencephalopathy characterized by white-matter abnormalities with frontal predominance and, as a rule, clinically associated with megalencephaly, seizures, spasticity, and psychomotor... more
Alexander disease is a rare, sporadic leukoencephalopathy characterized by white-matter abnormalities with frontal predominance and, as a rule, clinically associated with megalencephaly, seizures, spasticity, and psychomotor deterioration. We describe a boy who was diagnosed as affected by anorexia nervosa because of his refusal to eat, progressive weight loss, and psychologic disturbances. The observation of a hyperintense lesion on T(2)-weighed magnetic resonance images (MRIs) was initially explained as a pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis related to malnutrition. Following MRI and DNA analysis, we diagnosed a juvenile type of Alexander disease. Therefore, we can affirm the importance of the history and clinical examination to look for brainstem dysfunction in patients presenting with atypical anorexia nervosa.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Adolescent, Anorexia Nervosa, Brain, and 18 moreHumans, Child, Mutation, Weight Loss, Male, DNA analysis, Child Neurology, Clinical Sciences, White matter, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Anorexia, Disease Progression, Apnea, Neurosciences, Predictive value of tests, Age of Onset, Brain stem, and Magnetic resonance image
We report the presence of major cerebral migrational defects in five severely, multiply handicapped children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. These patients had both computed tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance... more
We report the presence of major cerebral migrational defects in five severely, multiply handicapped children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. These patients had both computed tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of marked migrational central nervous system defects consistent anatomically with the spectrum of lissencephaly-pachygyria, a disorder commonly idiopathic or associated with chromosomal abnormalities or with unknown early gestational insults. Neuroradiologic features included broad, flat gyri, shallow sulci, incomplete opercularization, ventriculomegaly, periventricular calcifications, and white-matter hypodensity on CT scans or increased signal intensity on long-TR MRI scans. Evidence for congenital CMV infection included prenatal onset of microcephaly, periventricular calcifications, neonatal jaundice, hepatomegaly, elevated CMV-specific immunoglobulin M, or viral isolation from urine. Previous reports of the neurologic sequelae of CMV have emphasized varying degrees of psychomotor retardation, cerebral palsy and epilepsy due to polymicrogyria, periventricular calcification, microcephaly, or rarely, hydrocephalus. Our patients appear to represent extremely severe examples of the effects of CMV on neurologic growth, maturation, and development. Recognition of these severe migrational abnormalities was improved by use of MRI, a technique that affords superior definition of the nature and extent of gyral and white-matter abnormalities. We suggest that these abnormalities may be more common than has previously been recognized.
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Palsy, Brain, Humans, and 22 moreChild, Female, Male, Cytomegalovirus, Magnetic Resonance, Infant, Central Nervous System, Ct Scan, Child Neurology, Clinical Sciences, Spectrum, Atrophy, White matter, Calcinosis, Retrospective Studies, Cytomegalovirus Infections, X ray Computed Tomography, Chromosomal abnormalities, Neurosciences, Immunoglobulin, Brain Diseases, and Magnetic resonance image(Child, Female, Male, Cytomegalovirus, Magnetic Resonance, Infant, Central Nervous System, Ct Scan, Child Neurology, Clinical Sciences, Spectrum, Atrophy, White matter, Calcinosis, Retrospective Studies, Cytomegalovirus Infections, X ray Computed Tomography, Chromosomal abnormalities, Neurosciences, Immunoglobulin, Brain Diseases, and Magnetic resonance image)
(Child, Female, Male, Cytomegalovirus, Magnetic Resonance, Infant, Central Nervous System, Ct Scan, Child Neurology, Clinical Sciences, Spectrum, Atrophy, White matter, Calcinosis, Retrospective Studies, Cytomegalovirus Infections, X ray Computed Tomography, Chromosomal abnormalities, Neurosciences, Immunoglobulin, Brain Diseases, and Magnetic resonance image)
Research Interests: Biomedical Engineering, Carbon Dioxide, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Optical Imaging, Biomedical Optics, and 21 moreCongenital Heart Defects, Humans, Hemodynamics, Cerebral Cortex, Infrared spectroscopy, Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Blood brain barrier, Cross Validation, Newborn Infant, Optical physics, Infrared, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Spectrum analysis, Neuronal Activity, Optics and Photonics, Congenital Heart Disease, Cerebral Blood Flow, ASL (Arterial Spin Labeling), Hemoglobins, Hypercapnia, and Magnetic resonance image(Congenital Heart Defects, Humans, Hemodynamics, Cerebral Cortex, Infrared spectroscopy, Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Blood brain barrier, Cross Validation, Newborn Infant, Optical physics, Infrared, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Spectrum analysis, Neuronal Activity, Optics and Photonics, Congenital Heart Disease, Cerebral Blood Flow, ASL (Arterial Spin Labeling), Hemoglobins, Hypercapnia, and Magnetic resonance image)
(Congenital Heart Defects, Humans, Hemodynamics, Cerebral Cortex, Infrared spectroscopy, Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Blood brain barrier, Cross Validation, Newborn Infant, Optical physics, Infrared, Optometry and Ophthalmology, Spectrum analysis, Neuronal Activity, Optics and Photonics, Congenital Heart Disease, Cerebral Blood Flow, ASL (Arterial Spin Labeling), Hemoglobins, Hypercapnia, and Magnetic resonance image)
Research Interests: Computed Tomography, Dementia, Data Analysis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Aging, and 21 moreNuclear medicine, Positron Emission Tomography, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain, Humans, Glucose Metabolism, Cerebral Cortex, Beta decay, Central Nervous System, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Fluorine, Atrophy, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Computerized tomography, Spatial resolution, X ray Computed Tomography, Radioisotopes, Alzheimer Disease, and Nervous System Diseases(Nuclear medicine, Positron Emission Tomography, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain, Humans, Glucose Metabolism, Cerebral Cortex, Beta decay, Central Nervous System, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Fluorine, Atrophy, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Computerized tomography, Spatial resolution, X ray Computed Tomography, Radioisotopes, Alzheimer Disease, and Nervous System Diseases)
(Nuclear medicine, Positron Emission Tomography, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Brain, Humans, Glucose Metabolism, Cerebral Cortex, Beta decay, Central Nervous System, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Middle Aged, Fluorine, Atrophy, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Computerized tomography, Spatial resolution, X ray Computed Tomography, Radioisotopes, Alzheimer Disease, and Nervous System Diseases)
Between 1965 and 1986, 31 children were treated for craniopharyngioma at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Total removal was attempted in all patients. Some patients received radiation therapy following subtotal... more
Between 1965 and 1986, 31 children were treated for craniopharyngioma at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Total removal was attempted in all patients. Some patients received radiation therapy following subtotal removal. Of the patients whose first resection was subtotal, five received radiation and seven did not. Four of the 5 patients who were radiated (80%) are stable (median 89 months, range 42-155 months) and one recurred at 42 months, failed salvage with total removal, and subsequently died of disease. Of the seven who were not irradiated, all had recurrences (median 12 months, range 3-192 months) and one died of disease. Nineteen patients initially had total removal and none received adjuvant radiation. One patient died postoperatively. Of the 18 remaining patients, 6 had recurrences (median 24 months, range 7-100 months) and 12 (66%) are stable (median 42 months, range 9-133 months). One of these stable patients died of endocrine complications 24 months after initial surgery. Fourteen of the 31 patients recurred. Two died with recurrence and one required no further treatment. Eleven had second resections following initial surgical removal. Seven of these 11 went on to receive radiation and four did not. All seven who were radiated are stable (median 33 months, range 1-228 months); whereas 1 of the 4 who were not radiated recurred again at 18 months. This patient had a third resection followed by radiation therapy and is now stable at 20 months. After initial surgery (and before radiation, when given) 26 of 31 patients had panhypopituitarism, 4 had partial deficits, and 1 was normal. Severe diencephalic syndrome, loss of visual acuity, and intellectual deficits were no more frequent in patients treated with total removal, subtotal removal, and in patients who received radiation. We conclude that radiation has an important role following subtotal removal and for salvage treatment after initial surgery. Aggressive attempt at total removal does result in prolonged progression-free survival in some patients. Extensive resections may result in significant mortality and endocrine morbidity. This review suggests that subtotal removal and radiation results in outcomes at least as favorable as treatment with total removal alone.
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Research Interests: Computed Tomography, Radiation Therapy, Adolescent, Head and Neck, Humans, and 16 moreChild, Beta decay, Female, Male, Sarcoma, Infant, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma, Ct Scan, Pennsylvania, Clinical Sciences, Computerized tomography, Combination drug therapy, Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Treatment planning, and Age Groups
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Several different classes of chemical carcinogens induced the transformation of human fibroblasts grown in vitro. Characteristics of the events that occur from time of treatment through the expression of neoplastic transformation are... more
Several different classes of chemical carcinogens induced the transformation of human fibroblasts grown in vitro. Characteristics of the events that occur from time of treatment through the expression of neoplastic transformation are presented. The S-phase appeared to be the portion of the cell cycle most vulnerable to insult. Staging of the cells by blocking them in G1 before releasing them to proceed through scheduled DNA synthesis (S) was required to induce reproducible transformation. Compounds such as insulin were added to the cells upon release from the block to sensitize the cells to the carcinogen that was added during S. Growth of the transformed cells as distinct from nontransformed cells was promoted by growth in medium supplemented with 8X nonessential amino acids. Carcinogen-treated cells in the early stage of transformation exhibited abnormal colony morphology and were able to grow at 41 degrees C, in air atmosphere, and in medium supplemented with only 1% serum. In addition, the transformed cells were insensitive to KB cell lysate and exhibited density independent, as well as anchorage independent, growth (i.e., growth in 0.33% agar). Cells that grew in soft agar also produced undifferentiated mesenchymal tumors in preirradiated nude mice.
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A child with perinatally acquired HIV infection presented with acute neurologic deterioration. A cerebellar white matter lesion seen on CT and MRI later proved to be progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) by histology. Although... more
A child with perinatally acquired HIV infection presented with acute neurologic deterioration. A cerebellar white matter lesion seen on CT and MRI later proved to be progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) by histology. Although a recognized disease of HIV-infected adults, PML is certain to be seen with more frequency in HIV-infected children who are surviving longer as a result of improved
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A pressurized multiwire proportional chamber radionuclide imaging system has been constructed which has operated at pressures of up to 11 atmospheres absolute using a xenon-methane gas mix. The experimental detector has an active imaging... more
A pressurized multiwire proportional chamber radionuclide imaging system has been constructed which has operated at pressures of up to 11 atmospheres absolute using a xenon-methane gas mix. The experimental detector has an active imaging area of 25 sq. cm. and an effective depth of 11 cm. An all digital readout system has been constructed with an intrinsic resolution of 1.3 mm FWHM. The FWHM has been measured for various radionuclides: iodine-125 (28 keV), 1.3 mm; thallium - 201 (75 keV), 2 mm; technetium-99 m (140 keV), 3 mm. Our primary goal has been the investigation of properties of such detectors that offer advantages over conventional gamma cameras, including high data rate and improved spatial resolution, particularly for isotopes with photon energies below 100 keV. We have fabricated a gas purification system which permits long term operation of the system without degradation and have investigated construction techniques to produce reliable devices which could be used in a hospital environment.
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ABSTRACT A sealed, 10 atmosphere MWPC has been constructed for cardiac imaging applications in nuclear medicine. Spatial resolution is < 3.5mm and count rate characteristics are a factor of 2 better than current cameras, resulting... more
ABSTRACT A sealed, 10 atmosphere MWPC has been constructed for cardiac imaging applications in nuclear medicine. Spatial resolution is < 3.5mm and count rate characteristics are a factor of 2 better than current cameras, resulting in improved statistical quality of information. Major applications are first pass radionuclide angiocardiograms with 9.3 m. Ta-178 and 4.9s Ir-191m. Animal and patient studies have been performed and the advantages of this system have been demonstrated.
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Simultaneous dual isotope imaging (99mTc/123I) has potential clinical applications but has not been implemented in the clinic. The aim of this work was to design an artificial neural network (ANN) for crosstalk and scatter correction... more
Simultaneous dual isotope imaging (99mTc/123I) has potential clinical applications but has not been implemented in the clinic. The aim of this work was to design an artificial neural network (ANN) for crosstalk and scatter correction using a smaller number of energy windows (8) than we had previously proposed (26) to allow implementation on some clinical cameras, and to validate our
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... stress, rather than at rest, in both cases the hepatobiliary clearance is relatively fast [7], so ... geometric parameters of a Trionix TriadTM detector, equipped with a low-energy "ultra-hi-res ... Changing... more
... stress, rather than at rest, in both cases the hepatobiliary clearance is relatively fast [7], so ... geometric parameters of a Trionix TriadTM detector, equipped with a low-energy "ultra-hi-res ... Changing collimators, therefore, could lead to a different mixture of the primary-like and scatter ...
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... simultaneously. The direc-tion cosines for any photon trajectories which intersected any one of the extra collimators were rotated to the frame of reference of a single collimator through which all photons were then propagated. ...
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Research Interests: Stem Cells, Immunohistochemistry, Stem Cell, Hepatology, Biopsy, and 16 moreHumans, Liver, Female, Male, Liver Transplantation, Rare Event, Y chromosome, Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Fluorescent in situ hybridization, Adult, Sex Factors, Hepatocytes, X chromosome, Female To Male, and Sex Chromosome
Research Interests: Hepatology, Humans, Diabetes mellitus, Female, Male, and 13 moreClinical Sciences, Middle Aged, Genotype, Adult, Retrospective Studies, Virus infection, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cross Sectional Studies, Glucose Intolerance, chronic hepatitis C, Autoantibodies, Case Control Studies, and Cohort Studies
This second article on dual mass investigates the physical evidence for the existence of dual mass. We discuss three possible observations that could be used to bound the amount of dual mass in the solar system: the Eotvos experiment, the... more
This second article on dual mass investigates the physical evidence for the existence of dual mass. We discuss three possible observations that could be used to bound the amount of dual mass in the solar system: the Eotvos experiment, the relativistic pendulum, and planetary orbits. The Eotvos experiment is used to conclude that the ratio of dual mass to ordinary
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ABSTRACT
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The field equations of general relativity are symmetrized in a manner similar to Dirac's symmetrization of electromagnetism. This symmetrization allows us to predict the existence of a gravitational, magnetic-like mass which... more
The field equations of general relativity are symmetrized in a manner similar to Dirac's symmetrization of electromagnetism. This symmetrization allows us to predict the existence of a gravitational, magnetic-like mass which we call dual mass. Time-independent solutions for both rotating and nonrotating sources are constructed for these generalized equations. The gravitational field produced by the dual mass source is compared
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Research Interests: Aging, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Female, and 15 moreMale, Young Adult, Mandible, Clinical Sciences, European, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Adult, Correlation Analysis, Three Dimensional, Reference Values, Field of View, Quantitative Evaluation, Quantitative Method, Region of Interest, and Age Groups
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of liver masses may need immunohistochemistry to resolve difficult cases. We examined liver FNAs with CD10 and CD34 using a two-color staining protocol. Fifty-one cases of hepatocellular carcinoma... more
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies of liver masses may need immunohistochemistry to resolve difficult cases. We examined liver FNAs with CD10 and CD34 using a two-color staining protocol. Fifty-one cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 23 cases of liver metastases were stained first with CD10 using diaminobenzidine as a chromogen and then with CD34 using Fast Red. All cases were reviewed in a blinded fashion by two of the authors (R.I.Z. and Z.B.). Diagnoses were unblinded and staining patterns evaluated. Forty-eight of 51 cases of HCC stained for CD34 in a peripheral pattern and no cases of metastases stained for CD34 Seven of 23 cases of metastatic disease stained for CD10 in a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution and 29 of 51 HCCs stained in a canalicular pattern. Overall, the sensitivity of the CD10/CD34 combination was 98% and the specificity was 100% for HCC when appropriate staining patterns were observed. Two-color immunostaining with CD10 and CD34 may prove useful in distinguishing HCC from metastases.
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To analyse the association between cancer incidence and oral diabetes therapy (biguanide, sulphonylurea, thiazolidinedione and meglitinide) in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A retrospective analysis of the electronic health... more
To analyse the association between cancer incidence and oral diabetes therapy (biguanide, sulphonylurea, thiazolidinedione and meglitinide) in men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A retrospective analysis of the electronic health record-based Cleveland Clinic Diabetes Registry (25 613 patients) was cross-indexed with the histology-based tumour registry (48 051 cancer occurrences) over an 8-year period (1998-2006). Multiple imputations were used to account for missing data. Cox regression with propensity scores was used to model time for the development of incident cancer in each of the imputed datasets and the results were pooled. During 51 994 person follow-up years, 892 incident cancer cases were identified; prostate (14.5%) and breast (11.7%) malignancies were most frequent. In women, thiazolidinedione use was associated with a 32% decreased cancer risk compared with sulphonylurea use [hazard ratio (HR) 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48-0.97, in the adjusted analysis]. Comparison of insulin secretagogues (sulphonylurea and meglitinide) versus insulin sensitizers (biguanide and thiazolidinedione) demonstrated a 21% decreased cancer risk in insulin sensitizers [HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.64-0.98) in the adjusted analysis]. Oral diabetes therapy showed no significant difference in men. Adjustments were made for age, body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes oral monotherapy, race, gender, haemoglobin A1c, statin use, income, insulin use, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), new diabetes status, prior cancer, prior cerebrovascular accident (stroke or transient ischaemic event), systolic/diastolic blood pressure, tobacco use (ever/never) and the propensity score for receiving a biguanide. Oral insulin sensitizers, particularly thiazolidinedione, are associated with decreased malignancy risk in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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It is argued that the correct expression for the angular momentum flux carried by gravitational radiation should follow directly from the momentum currents. Following this approach, the angular momentum associated with several different... more
It is argued that the correct expression for the angular momentum flux carried by gravitational radiation should follow directly from the momentum currents. Following this approach, the angular momentum associated with several different choices of energy-momentum prescriptions is computed.
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Research Interests: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Catheterization, Stroke, Humans, Pulse Oximetry, and 17 moreFemale, Male, Data Collection, Risk factors, Brain injury, Clinical Sciences, Newborn Infant, Oxygen, Public health systems and services research, Retrospective Studies, Circulation, Risk Factors, Congenital Heart Disease, Gestational Age, Logistic Models, Prospective Study, and Magnetic resonance image(Female, Male, Data Collection, Risk factors, Brain injury, Clinical Sciences, Newborn Infant, Oxygen, Public health systems and services research, Retrospective Studies, Circulation, Risk Factors, Congenital Heart Disease, Gestational Age, Logistic Models, Prospective Study, and Magnetic resonance image)
(Female, Male, Data Collection, Risk factors, Brain injury, Clinical Sciences, Newborn Infant, Oxygen, Public health systems and services research, Retrospective Studies, Circulation, Risk Factors, Congenital Heart Disease, Gestational Age, Logistic Models, Prospective Study, and Magnetic resonance image)
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Research Interests: Cell Division, Humans, Mice, Animals, Male, and 7 morePDL, Penis, Chemico-biological Interactions, RCE, CM, Biochemistry and cell biology, and NFS
Research Interests: Cancer, Radiation Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Adolescent, Humans, and 9 moreChild, Glioma, Female, Male, Nausea, Survival Rate, Vomiting, Brain Neoplasms, and Brain stem
Research Interests: Cancer, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Female, and 6 moreMale, Follow-up studies, Parietal Lobe, Basal ganglia, Oligodendroglioma, and Nino
Research Interests: Cancer, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Radiation Therapy, Survival Analysis, Adolescent, and 10 moreHumans, Child, Glioma, Female, Male, Adult, Pilot Projects, X ray Computed Tomography, Brain Neoplasms, and Brain stem(Humans, Child, Glioma, Female, Male, Adult, Pilot Projects, X ray Computed Tomography, Brain Neoplasms, and Brain stem)
(Humans, Child, Glioma, Female, Male, Adult, Pilot Projects, X ray Computed Tomography, Brain Neoplasms, and Brain stem)
Research Interests: Cancer, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Female, and 5 moreMale, Pineal Gland, Teratoma, Sella Turcica, and Brain Neoplasms
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Neurologic and neuropsychologic treatment related sequelae are increasingly encountered in children with cancer, but conventional means of neurologic investigation are insensitive to the presence and extent of damage. Magnetic resonance... more
Neurologic and neuropsychologic treatment related sequelae are increasingly encountered in children with cancer, but conventional means of neurologic investigation are insensitive to the presence and extent of damage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown brain damage not demonstrable by other means of investigation. For this reason, 11 children with cancer and with nontumor-related neurologic dysfunction were studied on a 1.5 Tesla MRI unit. All had concurrent computed tomography (CT). MRI abnormalities were seen in all (100%) patients. In 10 of 11 patients, abnormalities were of greater extent on MRI than on CT. White matter changes were frequently seen on MRI without corresponding CT abnormality. Those patients with the most severe forms of neurologic compromise had the most extensive changes on MRI. Focal neurologic findings correlated well with regions of focal signal change. Milder forms of neurologic compromise occurred in patients with definite, but less extensive, periventricular and/or subcortical change on MRI. MRI is more sensitive than CT in demonstrating treatment-related neurologic damage in children with cancer, and the type of change seen on MRI seems to correlate well with the type and severity of neurologic dysfunction present.
Research Interests: Computed Tomography, Cancer, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Nuclear medicine, Leukemia, and 20 moreRadiotherapy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Adolescent, Brain, Humans, Child, Magnetic Resonance, Central Nervous System, White matter, Adult, Time Factors, Radiation Injuries, Computerized tomography, Nervous System, Side Effect, X ray Computed Tomography, Brain Neoplasms, Brain Damage, Brain Diseases, and Magnetic resonance image(Radiotherapy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Adolescent, Brain, Humans, Child, Magnetic Resonance, Central Nervous System, White matter, Adult, Time Factors, Radiation Injuries, Computerized tomography, Nervous System, Side Effect, X ray Computed Tomography, Brain Neoplasms, Brain Damage, Brain Diseases, and Magnetic resonance image)
(Radiotherapy, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Adolescent, Brain, Humans, Child, Magnetic Resonance, Central Nervous System, White matter, Adult, Time Factors, Radiation Injuries, Computerized tomography, Nervous System, Side Effect, X ray Computed Tomography, Brain Neoplasms, Brain Damage, Brain Diseases, and Magnetic resonance image)
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Research Interests: Cancer, Treatment Outcome, Adolescent, Humans, Child, and 8 moreGlioma, Glioblastoma, Female, Male, Infant, Survival Rate, Brain Neoplasms, and Brain stem
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Research Interests: Obesity, Cardiac Surgery, Humans, Standard Deviation, Hyperglycemia, and 18 moreBlood Glucose, Fasting, Diabetes mellitus, Female, Male, Body Mass Index, Risk factors, Clinical Sciences, Aged, Prevalence, Middle Aged, Adult, Sex Factors, Retrospective Studies, Age Factors, Risk Factors, Observational Study, and Confidence Interval
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Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are morphologically similar malignant tumors arising in intracranial and peripheral sites of the nervous system, showing varying degrees of cellular differentiation with a tendency to disseminate along... more
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are morphologically similar malignant tumors arising in intracranial and peripheral sites of the nervous system, showing varying degrees of cellular differentiation with a tendency to disseminate along cerebrospinal fluid pathways. They occur primarily in children and young adults. Under the designation primitive neuroectodermal tumors are included medulloblastomas and tumors that may differentiate in other directions, such as medulloepithelioma, neuroblastoma, polar spongioblastoma, pineoblastoma, ependymoblastoma, retinoblastoma, and olfactory neuroblastoma. From a practical, histologic point of view, these tumors are often indistinguishable from one another and are best thought of as primitive neuroectodermal tumors with or without differentiating features.