Matthias Galus

ABSTRACT The electrification of transportation is seen as one of the solutions to challenges such as global warming, sustainability, and geopolitical concerns on the availability of oil. From the perspective of power systems, an introduction of plug-in electric vehicles presents many challenges but also opportunities to the operation and planning of power systems. On the one hand, if vehicles are considered regular loads without flexibility, uncontrolled charging can lead to problems at different network levels endangering secure operation of installed assets. However, with direct or indirect control approaches the charging of vehicles can be managed in a desirable way, e.g., shifted to low-load hours. Furthermore, vehicles can be used as distributed storage resources to contribute to ancillary services for the system, such as frequency regulation and peak-shaving power or help integrate fluctuating renewable resources. All these modes of operation need appropriate regulatory frameworks and market design if the flexibility of the vehicles is to be capitalized. In most of the proposed approaches, a so-called aggregator could be in charge of directly or indirectly controlling the charging of vehicles and serve as an interface with other entities such as the transmission system operator or energy service providers. However, fully decentralized schemes without an aggregator are also conceivable, for instance, to provide primary frequency control. Communication also plays a key role, as in most of the control schemes a significant amount of information needs to be transmitted between vehicles and control entities. The management of electric vehicles as distributed resources fits well in the paradigm of smart grids, where an advanced use of communication technologies and metering infrastructure, increased controllability and load flexibility, and a larger share of fluctuating and distributed resources are foreseen.

ABSTRACT Battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are envisioned by many as a way to reduce CO2 traffic emissions, promote renewable electricity generation and thus increase energy security. Electric vehicle modeling is an active field of research, especially with regards to assessing the impact of electric vehicles on the electricity grid. But as highlighted in this chapter, there is a lack of modeling capability for detailed electricity demand and supply modeling. Furthermore it is also pointed out that such modeling requires an interdisciplinary approach and a possibility to reuse and integrate existing models. In order to solve this problem, a framework for electric vehicle modeling is presented, which provides strong capability for detailed electricity demand modeling and is built on an agent-based traffic simulation. A case study for the city of Zurich is presented, which highlights the capabilities of the framework to uncover possible bottlenecks in the electricity grid and its power to support policy makers in taking decisions.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a novel approach to assess the impact of different plug-in electric vehicle charging strategies on power generation, transmission and distribution. The proposed impact assessment tool integrates simulations of transport behavior as well as power generation, transmission and distribution. The detailed temporal and spatial information of vehicle behavior obtained from the transport simulation is mapped to the transmission and distribution network models to perform a holistic assessment of the impact of different charging strategies. The charging strategies considered are uncontrolled charging and two types of smart charging schemes, one centralized the other decentralized. The advantage of this integrated approach is that both local and system-wide aspects can be analyzed simultaneously, uncovering effects that would otherwise remain unnoticed.

Photocurable nanoimprint lithography was used to replicate an array of Fresnel zone plates onto a substrate. This array was transferred into the substrate and used for zone-plate-array lithography (ZPAL). The experimentally determined point-spread function showed good ...

53 Meeting the Climate Change Challenge An approach for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) integration into Power Systems Matthias D. Galus1 Göran Andersson ETH Zurich, Switzerland 1 Introduction The PHEV initiative, recently accelerated for political, environmental and ...