Jaime Reyes

Traditionally, both academe and practitioners have tended to address fire safety by focusing on technical aspects and looking for the immediate causes of fire incidents or accidents after they have taken place. More recently, organisations have focused on assessing the consequences of the fire risk inherent in their operations pro-actively. However, fire safety still tends to be addressed in isolation, though fire loss is an emergent property. An organisation's emergent property results from the interrelated activities of people who design it, manage it and operate it. There is still a need for a systemic approach to understand the systemic nature of fire safety. This paper describes a fire safety management system (FSMS) model that aims to maintain fire risk within an acceptable range in an organisation's operations in a coherent way. This systemic approach can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the effectiveness of existing safety management systems (SMS). It is hoped that this approach will lead not only to more effective management of fire safety, but also to more effective management of safety, health and the environment for any organisation.

This study investigates the crystallization kinetics of palm stearin (PS), a palm oil fraction, in blends with sesame seed oil. The results indicate that the crystallization behavior of PS in sesame oil is mainly associated with the crystallization of tripalmitin. Therefore, crystallization of blends of 26, 42, 60, and 80% (wt/vol) PS in sesame oil was described by equations developed for simpler systems (e.g., Fisher and Turnbull equation). The isothermal crystallization, melting profile, and fitting of the kinetics of nucleation to the Fisher and Turnbull equation showed that the 26, 42, and 60% PS/sesame oil blends crystallized mainly in the β1′ polymorph state. In contrast, the 80% blend crystallized in two different polymorph states (i.e., β1′ at T⪯307.6 K and β1 at T≽308.2 K). The data indicated that, in spite of the higher concentration of PS in the 80% PS/sesame oil system, crystallization in the β1 state required more free energy for nucleation (δG c ) than β1′ crystallization in the 26, 42, and 60% PS/sesame oil. At the low cooling rate used (1 K/min) it was observed that, for a particular PS blend, the higher the effective supercooling the higher the viscosity of the oil phase and the smaller the induction time of crystallization (Ti). Additionally, the β1′ crystals from PS, developed at the highest effective supercooling investigated, were smaller than the β1 crystals obtained at lower effective supercooling.

The aim of this article is twofold. Firstly, it aims at approaching the novel "Señora de la miel", of the Colombian author Fanny Buitrago, twenty years after its publication, from an interpretative framework that is based on some of the categories of carnival, concretely the banquet, as derived from Bakhtinian socio-semantics. Secondly, and in consonance with the first, it attmepts to be an exersise that foregrounds the compository peculiarities of a work that represents the magical and festive character of literature around the themes of sexuality, beauty, the aphrodisiac and humor. With support on the textual evidences of the meaningful dynamics of the banquet that structures the novel, key concepts are developed: the body and eroticized food, Teodora as founding meal, the table chat and the temporality. A particular version of the literary work is proposed while a category path is offered, one that could be replicated for the comprehension of narratives marked by the carnivalesque, the parodical and the humoristic. Key words: Bakhtin, banquet, carnival, table chat, temporality

The last Fanny Buitrago novelistic, represented by the novels Los Pañamanes and Señora de la miel, offer us a wide horizon susceptible of several readings. This work had wanted to be a bajtinian and gender approach-from many possibles ones that admit a rich textuality. In the studying of the corpus selected, we apply the bajtinian standard proposed as too much pertinent that the perceived subject in the fiction related. First development, the parody of the historical figure, it belongs in Los pañamanes to a myth and tragic structure in that we note how a first donjuan to contaminate the island’s history provoking a rupture in the order meant by the appeareance of a social class of outkast represented by the “clan de los tinieblos”, sum and definition of “pañaman” category”. The little society of the “tinieblo” group, experiments the double condition of being “pañaman” and also a little donjuan, in a conRevista de Ciencias Humanas ¥ UTP ¥ No. 32 ¥ 2004 29 tinuation of the original rupture but now by the Sabina event, resulting from the bad luck of Nicasio to truncate the route of a gannet. To this symbol-group get in the corruptive figure of Sabina Galende changing even more the social desorder.. The island’s great history present to us in the stories of the protagonists (leading roles) and it’s like woman, women will contribute to the transformation of these little donjuan, at the same time that subversive dynamic of carnival works as a transformation that’s why autorities and hierarchy get low themselves, the official culture ask about it, the affective relationships get restauration and a new social orderis starting ruled by the ancient outkast, the “tinieblos”. In Los pañamanes carnival repairs destiny and evil’s perversion (twist of fate), means a new and positive wonderfull reality that cleans the history born from evil and mythical forces. Señora de la miel also parodies the donjuan’s figure but this time the profile of this historical carácter in a subject that is sourly diqualified to be described like a bizarre body animalized. Degraded don juan in the character of Galaor Ucrós it parodies and gets low the typic way of life of the Colombian male. Parody of the figure of donjuan sugest this evolution in the writing of our writer: from a mythical-legendary sketch in a tragic clue with a critic intentionality about the social-historical thing (Los pañamanes), we go into a sketch of an updated fairy tale in a humor story, a cartoon, with a critic intentiionality about affective-sexual and food thing (Señora de la miel). Key words: Bajtín, carnival, degradation, male, myt-tragic, mythologic, orality, spanishman, parody, restauration.